common cold & flu ì hp í $4 ì

32
Common Cold & Flu 「傷風」和「流行性感冒」 Haines School PAC Meeting November 8th, 2018 Karen Chiu, MD 趙醫生

Upload: others

Post on 19-Jul-2020

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Common Cold & Flu 「傷風」和「流行性感冒」

Haines School PAC Meeting

November 8th, 2018

Karen Chiu, MD 趙醫生

Page 2: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Cold & Flu Basics

「傷風」和「流感」基本知識

Page 3: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Cold & Flu Basics 「傷風」和「流感」基本知識

● Respiratory illnesses caused by viruses

由「病毒」引起的呼吸道疾病

● Can catch any time during the year, but mostly peaks

during fall & winter months 可以在一年中的任何時間感染

到 ,但主要是「秋季和冬季的高峰期」

● Most people have mild illness and will get better in 7-10

days 大多數人患有輕微不舒服,並會在 7 – 10 天內好轉

Page 4: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì
Page 5: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

流感病的顧慮

17-18季節流感病例的估計數量

超過德州和佛羅里達州人口的總和

17-18季節因流感住院治療的估計數量

超過美國醫院病床的人數

17-18季節因流感死亡的估計數量

超過每年觀看美式足球比賽的平均人數

接種疫苗

Page 6: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Cold & flu can have similar symptoms…. 「傷風」和「流感」有類似的症狀

Page 7: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Is it a cold or flu ?

這是 「傷風」 還是「流感」 啊 ?

Page 8: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Cold & flu can have similar symptoms….

Page 9: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Cold & flu can have similar symptoms…. 「傷風」和「流感」有類似的症狀

「傷風」 還是「流感」啊 ?

傷風 流感 症狀

發燒

身體疼痛

發冷

疲累,虛弱

打噴嚏

鼻塞

咽喉痛

頭痛

胸部不適,咳嗽

很常見

常會

常見

有時

常見

常見

常見

常會

常會

罕見

輕微

不常見

輕至中度

發病過程

Page 10: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Prevention

預防方法

Page 11: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Who is most at risk? 誰是高危?

● Children younger than 5 歲以下的兒童

● Adults 65 or older 65歲或以上的成年人

● Pregnant women 孕婦

● Exposure to lots of people 時常接觸人的

● Smokers 吸煙者

● People with weak immune systems

免疫系統較弱的人

Page 12: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Protecting yourself & your family 保護自己和家人

飛沫

流感病毒

飛沫氣霧

傳染體

距 離

共享空間

Page 13: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Protecting yourself & your family 保護自己和家人

● Wash your hands with soap & water, and if not

available,then use alcohol-based hand sanitizer

(at least 60% alcohol) 用肥皂和水洗手,如果沒有,

則使用含酒精的洗手液(至少60%酒精)

● Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth

避免接觸眼睛,鼻子和嘴巴

Page 14: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Protecting yourself & your family 保護自己和家人

● Stay away from other people who are sick

避免與生病的人接觸

● Take care of yourself - eat well, exercise,

and sleep may help prevent illness

照顧好自己 - 注意營養飲食,運動和睡眠

有助於預防疾病

● Get the flu shot! 注射流感疫苗

(Dr. Brown 醫生將與您討論)

Page 15: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Protecting yourself & your family 保護自己和家人

If you get sick, you could be contagious for 5-7 days or more.

如果你生病了,你可能會在5-7天 ... 或更長時間,將「病毒」 傳染给别人 。

Page 16: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Treatments

治療方法

Page 17: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

How to Feel Better 如何舒援症狀

● Colds & flu generally get better

on their own 傷風和流感通常會逐漸好轉

● Basics 基本 ○ Rest 休息

○ Get plenty of fluids and make sure

you still eat to get your nutrition 攝取充足的液體,並確保你仍然吃東

西,以獲得營養

○ Treat the symptoms 治療症狀

Page 18: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Treat your symptoms 治療症狀

Fever發燒/ Pain疼痛

「退燒」及「抗炎藥」的藥物

● Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

乙醯胺酚 (Tylenol)

● Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

Sore Throat

● Ice chips 小冰塊

● Gargle salt water 漱口鹽水

● Warm beverages 溫暖的飲料

● Sore throat spray and

lozenges containing menthol,

benzocaine (Chloraseptic or

Cepacol) 喉嚨痛噴霧和含有薄

荷的喉糖

Page 19: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Treat your symptoms 治療症狀

Cough 咳嗽

● Humidifier or cool mist vaporizer 加濕器或冷霧蒸器

● Breathe in steam 呼吸蒸汽

● Lozenges 喉糖

● Cough suppressants –

dextromethorphan

咳嗽抑製劑

Sinus congestion 鼻竇炎

● Breathe in steam 呼吸蒸汽

● Saline nasal spray 鹽水噴鼻劑

● Decongestants 減充血劑

○ Pseudoephedrine,

oxymetazoline (i.e.

Sudafed, Afrin)

○ Careful with rebound

congestion if using more

than 5 days 如果使用超過

5天,請小心反彈結果

Page 20: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

When should you seek care? 你什麼時候應該去看醫生 ?

Watch out for…

留意 …

● Not getting better >7-10 days

(or get better then returns)

沒有好轉> 7-10天(或者變好後

反彈又病了 )

● Persistent fever 持續發燒

● Severe symptoms 出現嚴重的

症狀

Possible complications

可能的並發症

● Asthma 哮喘

● Ear infection 耳部發炎

● Acute sinusitis 急性鼻竇炎

● Pneumonia 肺炎

Page 21: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

When should you seek care? 你什麼時候應該去看醫生 ?

Watch out for…

留意 …

● Trouble breathing, wheezing

呼吸困難,喘息

● Dizziness 頭暈

● Confusion or lethargy

困惑或嗜睡

● Chest or abdominal pain

胸部或腹部疼痛

Possible complications

可能的並發症

● Other upper & lower respiratory

infections 上下呼吸道發炎

● Sepsis & organ failure 膿毒症和器官

衰竭

● Heart failure 心臟衰竭

● Death 死亡

Page 22: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Flu Treatment 流感治療

● Influenza positive patients can benefit from antiviral drugs 流感陽性患者,可以從抗病毒藥物中受益

○ Improve symptoms 改善症狀

○ Shorten time of illness by 1-2 days 縮短病程1-2天

○ Prevent complications 預防並發症

● Ideally treatment should be started within 2 days of getting sick

理想情況下,治療應在生病後2天內開始

● Those at higher risk for complications should get care early!

那些並發症風險較高的人,應該儘早得到護理!

Page 23: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

What about antibiotics? 使用抗生素又如何?

● Antibiotics won’t help you get better because colds & flu are caused by a virus NOT bacteria 抗生素不會幫助你變好,因為傷風和流感是由病毒引至 ,而不是細菌引起的

● Getting too many antibiotics

unnecessarily may make it harder for

your body to fight bacterial infections in the future 不必要地攝入過多抗生素,可能會使您的身體在未來,更難對抗細菌感染

Page 24: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Fact or Myth? 還是

● Dress warmly 穿得暖和

● Chicken soup 喝雞湯

● Vitamin C 維生素C

● Zinc 鋅

● Echinacea (herbal)

養生花茶-紫錐菊(草藥)

Do any of these help prevent or treat the common cold or flu? 以下哪一個有助於預防或治療傷風或流感

Page 25: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Useful resources 有用的資料

https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/community/for-patients/symptom-relief.html

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/diagnosis-treatment/drc-

20351611

https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/understanding-common-cold-treatment#1

Page 26: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Important of Childhood

Immunizations 兒童疫苗的重要性

Haines School PAC Meeting

November 8th, 2018

Kimberly Brown, MD 醫生

Page 27: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì
Page 28: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

2018年6歲以下兒童的推薦免疫接種

甲型肝炎

乙型肝炎

混合疫苗

流感(每年)

輪狀病毒 白喉 / 破傷風

乙型流感嗜血桿菌 肺炎球菌結合疫苗

小兒麻痺症

麻疹,腮腺炎和風疹

水痘

Page 29: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì
Page 30: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

水痘

甲型肝炎

乙型肝炎

流感

麻疹

腮腺炎

百日咳

小兒麻痺症

肺炎 輪狀病毒

德國麻疹

破傷風

乙型流感嗜血桿菌

白喉 / 破傷風

Page 31: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Questions & Answers 問題和解答

Page 32: Common Cold & Flu ì hP í $4 ì

Thank You