community–acquired pneumonia · severe community-acquired pneumonia (cap) treated at srinagarind...

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สุชาติ บูรพันธ พบ. ปอดอักเสบชุมชน (community–acquired pneumonia

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Page 1: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

สุชาติ บูรพันธ พบ.

ปอดอักเสบชุมชน (community–acquired pneumonia

Page 2: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

ปอดอักเสบชุมชน (community–acquired pneumonia)

ปอดอักเสบ อันเนื่องจากการติดเชื้อจุลินทรียนอกโรงพยาบาล(community organism ) เกณฑการวินิจฉัยปอดอักเสบชุมชน

ผูปวยจําเปนตองมีรอยหรือปนฝาขาว เกิด ขึ้นใหมในภาพรังสีปอด (newpulmonary infiltration ) รวมกับการมีอาการและอาการแสดงที่บงชี้ถึงการติดเชื้อของทางเดินหายใจสวนลาง โดยอาการและภาพรังสีปอดที่เปลี่ยนแปลงนี้ ควรเกิดคอนขางเฉียบพลันหรือไมเกิน 2 สัปดาห

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรับผูใหญ)ตุลาคม 2544

Page 3: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

ไมรวมถึงปอดอักเสบในผูปวย

ที่เพิ่งจาํหนายจากโรงพยาบาลภายในเวลาไมเกิน 3 สัปดาห ไมครอบคลมุผูปวยที่มีภูมคิุมกันบกพรองรุนแรง(immunocompromised host) เชน

ผูปวยติดเชื้อHIV ผูปวยทีม่ีภาวะเม็ดเลือดนิวโตรฟลในเลอืดต่ํา(neutropenia) ผูปวยทีม่ีภาวะปราศจากเม็ดเลือดขาว (agranulocytosis) ตลอดจนผูปวยที่ไดรับการปลกูถายไขกระดูกหรือปลูกถายอวัยวะ

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรับผูใหญ)ตุลาคม 2544

Page 4: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 5: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 6: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 7: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 8: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 9: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 10: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 11: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 12: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 13: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 14: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

การตัดสนิใจรับผูปวยไวรักษาในโรงพยาบาล(decision for hospitalization)

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรบัผูใหญ) ตุลาคม 2544

Page 15: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

ผูปวยที่มเีกณฑหลัก อยางนอย 1 ขอ หรือมีเกณฑรองอยางนอย 2 ขอเปนผูปวยทีส่มควรรับไวรักษาในไอซียู

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรับผูใหญ) ตุลาคม 2544

Page 16: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

19mg/dl

Page 17: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 18: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

CURB-65 AND CRB-65 SEVERITY SCORES FOR COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

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Page 20: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

Scoring of Disease Severity

Validated instruments include the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) the CURB-65 scorethe guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society (IDSA/ATS).

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Page 22: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 23: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

PNEUMONIA SEVERITY INDEX FOR COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

Page 24: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

The decision to hospitalize a patient ultimately depends on the physician’s judgment, but all factors that are contained in these scoring systems should be considered.

Scoring of Disease Severity

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The SMART-COP score (evaluating systolic blood pressure, multilobar infiltrates, albumin,respiratoryrate, tachycardia, confusion, oxygen,and pH)

which was designed to predict which patients require ICU admission, was originally reported to be 92% sensitive, as compared with 74% for the PSI and 39% for CURB-65.We have recently found that the PSI is more sensitive than SMART-COP and much more sensitive than CURB-65 for determining which patients will be need ICU admission.

Scoring of Disease Severity

Page 26: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 27: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 28: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรับผูใหญ) ตุลาคม 2544

Page 29: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรับผูใหญ) ตุลาคม 2544

Page 30: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรับผูใหญ) ตุลาคม 2544

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Page 32: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

DIAGNOSTIC TESTING

The extent of testing that is warranted to identify the causative microorganism in community acquired pneumonia is controversial.

Because there commended antibiotic regimens are effective for the majority of patients, diagnostic testing will rarely affect therapy.

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Page 34: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรับผูใหญ) ตุลาคม 2544

Page 35: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรับผูใหญ) ตุลาคม 2544

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Page 37: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรับผูใหญ) ตุลาคม 2544

Page 38: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรับผูใหญ) ตุลาคม 2544

Page 39: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรับผูใหญ) ตุลาคม 2544

Page 40: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

แนวทางการรักษาโรคปอดอักเสบชุมชนในประเทศไทย (สําหรับผูใหญ) ตุลาคม 2544

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Page 42: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 43: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 44: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1)

105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the ATS criteria for severe CAP. The mean age was 56.9 (SD 18.2) years. The male to female ratio was 60:45. Duration of symptoms before admission was 5.3 (SD 4.0) days. Most of them (91.4%) had co-morbidity, diabetes mellitus being most common. A microbiological pathogen was isolated in 62 patients (59%).

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004 Jun;35(2):430-3.

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The pathogens most commonly isolated were B. pseudomallei (29.4%) S. pneumoniae (20.6%)K. pneumoniae (19.1%), and H. influenzae (11.8%). less common pathogens were E. coli (5.9%), S. aureus (5.9%), M. pneumoniae (1.5%), M. catarrhalis (1.5%), P. aeruginosa (1.5%), P. fluorescens (1.5%), and S. stercoralis (1.5%).

Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(2)

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004 Jun;35(2):430-3.

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Hospitalization averaged 14.7 (SD 14.3) days and mortality was 21%. Clinicals in 17.1 % of patients did not improve and they transferred home. Most (81.9%) patients required mechanical ventilation, while 60 (57.1%) developed septic shock, and 13 (12.3%) acute renal failure.

Severe CAP carried high mortality, despite intensive care. Empirical therapy for B. pseudomallei should be considered, where endemic, and for patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure.

Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(3)

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004 Jun;35(2):430-3.

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Etiologies and treatment outcomes in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

254 patients (124 males, 130 females) averaging 56.4 (SD 19.8) years were included. Eighty-six of them (33.8%) presented with severe CAP on initial clinical presentation. The causative organisms were identified in 145 patients (57.1%).

Streptococcus pneumoniae was the commonest pathogen, identified in 11.4%Burkholderia pseudomallei (11.0%) Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.2%).

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005 Jan;36(1):156-61.

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The atypical pathogens, C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae, accounted for 8.7% and 3.9% of the isolates, respectively. Sixteen patients (6.3%) had dual infections; C. pneumoniae was the most frequent coinfecting pathogen. The average length of hospital stay was 12.9 (SD 14.0) days, with 27.9% staying more than 2 weeks. Overall, 83.9% of the patients improved with treatment, 10.2% did not improve and 5.9% died. The most common complications were acute respiratory failure (31.1%) and septic shock (20.9%).

Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004 Jun;35(2):430-3.

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Page 50: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 51: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 52: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 53: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 54: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the
Page 55: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

Duration of Therapy

Early in the antibiotic era, pneumonia was treated for about 5 days.

The standard duration of treatment later evolved to 5 to 7 days.

A meta-analysis of studies comparing treatment durations of 7 days or less with durations of 8 days or more showed no differences in outcomes.

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Page 57: community–acquired pneumonia · Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.(1) y. 105 patients of 383 patients (27.4%) met the

prospective studies have shown that 5 days of therapy are as effective as 10 days and 3 days are as effective as 8 days

Nevertheless, practitioners have gradually increased the duration of treatment for CAP to 10 to 14 days.

Duration of Therapy

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Duration of Antibiotic Treatment

The currently recommended duration of antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia is 5 to 7 days.There is no evidence that prolonged courses lead to better outcomes, even in severely ill patients, unless they are immunocompromised.

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