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1 Concentration techniques ผศ.ดร.ดวงรัตน์ ริยอง PARA 317331

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Page 1: Concentration techniques - med.cmu.ac.th€¦ · Acid-sodium sulfate-Triton-ether (AMS III) ... Formalin-ether sedimentation => The method of choice for routine diagnosis . 43 Formalin-ether

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Concentration techniques

ผศ.ดร.ดวงรัตน์ ริยอง PARA 317331

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วัตถุประสงค ์หลังจากเรียนจบแล้วนักศึกษาสามารถ • ทราบถึงความส าคัญและขั้นตอนของการตรวจอุจจาระแบบเข้มข้น วิธีต่างๆ

• ทราบถึงปัจจัยส าคัญ ที่เกี่ยวข้องในการตรวจอุจจาระแบบเข้มข้น (ข้อดี ข้อเสีย)

• ทราบถึงความแตกต่างของการตรวจอุจจาระด้วย

วิธี Simple smear และ Concentration techniques

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SIMPLE DIRECT SMEAR

NEGATIVE

CONCENTRATION CULTURE

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- light infection (การติดเชื้ออย่างอ่อน)

- simple direct smear (ไม่พบ)

- check-up หลังการรักษา, ติดตามผล

- prevalence of infection (ความชุก)

เพื่อตรวจให้พบปรสิตหรือผลิตผลในกรณี:

วัตถุประสงค์ของการตรวจอุจจาระแบบเข้มข้น

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I. Floatation (การลอยตัว)

II. Sedimentation (การตกตะกอน)

“Concentration techniques”

ประกอบด้วยวิธีหลัก 2 แบบ

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Floatation

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Reagents: high SG (1.15-1.26)

=> parasites (cyst & egg) จะลอยขึ้นมา

อยู่ชั้นบนสุดของผิวน้ ายา

<--- cyst & egg

<--- reagent

<--- fecal debris

I. Floatation (การลอยตัว)

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Preparations: วิธีท า

• free of debris (ไม่ค่อยมีขยะ)

• parasites (มองเห็นได้ง่ายขึ้น)

Floatation

Advantages: ข้อดี

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• Eggs’shell and/or cysts’ wall

:อาจเกิดการเหี่ยวได้

• Strongyloides larvae

:อาจหาไม่ค่อยเจอ

Floatation

Disadvantages: ข้อเสีย

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Floatation: มี 2 แบบ

# Simple floatation

(การลอยตัวแบบง่าย) # Centrifugal floatation

(การลอยตัวโดยใช้การปั่นช่วย)

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# Simple floatation มี 4 วิธี

- Sugar floatation

- Brine floatation ***

- Zinc sulfate floatation

- Magnesium sulfate-brine floatation

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*Brine floatation (Willis, 1921)*

1. feces (0.5-1 g) + brine solution (น้ าเกลืออิ่มตัว) (20-25 ml)

2. strain through two layers of wet gauze

3. add more brine solution (left for 1/2-1 hr)

4. looping surface films from the tube

5. placing sample on slide (2-3 drops)

6. examine (light microscope)

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14 feces (0.5-1 g)

Brine floatation

+ brine solution (20-25 ml)

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15 Strain through two layers of wet gauze

Brine floatation

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16 Add more brine solution (left for 1/2-1 hr)

Brine floatation

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Looping surface films from the tube

Brine floatation

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Placing sample on slide (2-3 drops)

Brine floatation

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เป็นวิธีที่ดีส าหรับ: Hookworms field survey Ascaris , Trichuris,

Taenia, H. nana eggs

Protozoa cyst, helminth larva, fluke ไม่ค่อยดีส าหรับ:

Brine floatation

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Centrifugal floatation

- Zinc sulfate centrifugal floatation

วิธีที่ใช้บ่อย

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Zinc sulfate centrifugal floatation

Advantages : ข้อด ี

yields of protozoa cysts, helminths eggs

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Disadvantages : ข้อเสีย

fatty stool, unfer. Ascaris Egg, fluke or Pseudophyllidea egg

Zinc sulfate centrifugal floatation

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Sedimentation

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II. Sedimentation

Advantages : ใช้ได้กับซิสต์และไข่พยาธิทุกชนิด

Disadvantages : ส่วนที่เตรียมได้มีขยะมากกว่า

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@ Simple sedimentation วิธีการตกตะกอนแบบง่าย @ Centrifugal sedimentation วิธีการตกตะกอนโดยอาศัยการปั่น

Sedimentation (การตกตะกอน) มี 2 แบบ

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Simple sedimentation มี 3 วิธี

- Saline sedimentation: 0.7% NaCl

- Glycerinated water sedimentation: 0.5% glycerine water

- Ethyl alcohol sedimentation: 10% ethanol

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1. Simple centrifugal sedimentation

2. *Formalin-ether centrifugal sedimentation*

3. Merthiolate-Iodine-Formaldehyde concentration

technic MIFC

4. Acid-sodium sulfate-Triton-ether (AMS III)

sedimentation

Centrifugal sedimentation มี 4 วิธี

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Formalin-ether sedimentation

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Formalin-ether sedimentation 1. feces (1 g) + water (10 ml), mix well

2. strain through two layers of wet gauze

3. centrifuge 2-3 min, 1500 rpm

4. discard the supernatant

5. centrifuge 2-3 min, 1500 rpm

6. sediment + 10% formalin 10 ml (5 mins standing)

+ water 10 ml

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7. add 2-3 ml ether, shake 20-30 sec

8. Centrifuge 1500 rpm, 2-3 min

9. discard the top three layers

10. mix the fluid with sediment

11. wet mount for exam

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1. feces (1 g) + water (10 ml)

Mix well

feces

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2. Strain through 2 layers of wet gauze

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3. Centrifuge for 2 - 3 min.

1500 rpm

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4. Discard the supernatant

sediment

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5. Sediment + 10% formalin (10 ml)

5 min standing

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6. Add 2- 3 ml of ether

Shake 20-30 sec

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7. Centrifuge 2-3 min., 1500 rpm

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8. Discard the top three layers

ether

plug of debries

formalin

sediment

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9. Mix the fluid with sediment

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10. Sample exam

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Advantages: ข้อดี

- ท าเสร็จภายใน 30 นาท ี

- พบ parasites ได้มากกว่า

- ใช้กับอุจจาระที่ถนอมด้วย PVA ได้

Formalin-ether sedimentation

=> The method of choice for routine diagnosis

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Formalin-ether sedimentation

- G. lamblia & H. nana ใช้ไม่ค่อยดี - พบ fecal debris มาก อาจบดบังปรสิต - ไม่ค่อยเหมาะในการตรวจ field study - reagents ที่ใช้มีความเสี่ยง ether: flammable formalin: irritant

Disadvantages: ข้อเสีย

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งานที่นักศึกษาต้องท าวันนี้ I. Simple smear: ท าทุกคน II. Formalin-ether cent. sed. tech. ท า 2 tube/1 กลุ่ม

*ทุกคนเขียนส่งทั้งสองวิธีพร้อม เปรียบเทียบข้อดีข้อเสียของทั้งสองวิธี*

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