concepts of career and life planning · job search strategies diffuse unstable unable to state...
TRANSCRIPT
2017/11/9
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崔日雄博士特許心理學家、認證輔導師及督導、註冊社工、認證全球職涯發展培訓師
香港專業輔導協會前任會長教育局家庭與學校合作事宜委員會委員港專學院應用社會科學系教授及系主任
Concepts of
Career and Life
Planning
職道生涯規劃輔導協會Career Plan Associationwww.careerplan.hk
Career Counseling
Process
Integrate Information
and Choose
Personal Assessment Relating
to Career
Relationship with
Client
Explore
Occupations
Career and Life Planning
Ca
reer C
ou
nselin
g
Career and Life Planning
Employm
’tC
ou
nselin
g
/Placem
’t
Earn for living.
Just need a job
Who am I? What abilities
and interests can be
applied in my work?
What is important to me?
What is my vocation?
What can I make a
difference?
What is my life goal?
Do I have any life mission?
How can I
use my time?
How can I make good
use of myself? How can
life be more satisfying?
Life/Living Career (Work & study)
AB
CD
EF Meaning
& Purpose
Self-EsteemSelf-Actualization
Survival
Career and Life Planning - Basic Belief #1
“Career and life planning starts with understanding self and developing identity”
Career and life planning starts with understanding self and developing identity
clear understanding of yourself, aptitudes, abilities, interests,
ambitions, resources, limitations, and knowledge of their cause
knowledge of the requirements, conditions of success, advantages and disadvantages, compensation, opportunities, and prospects in different lines of work
Making a wise choice of vocation(Frank Parsons, 1909)
true reasoning on the relations of these two groups of facts
Self-understanding
Understanding world of work
R I
C A
E S
Personality types
R I
C A
E S
Occupational environments
People search for environments that will let them exercise their skills and abilities, express their attitudes and values, and take on agreeable problems and roles.
Behavior is determined by an interaction between personality and environment.
Personality Types and Occupational Environments
Holland, 1997
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Identity
Clear
Stable
Articulate career plans
Contingency plans
Knowledge of self
Knowledge of work
Job search strategies
Diffuse
Unstable
Unable to state career plans
No contingency plans
Little knowledge of self
Little knowledge of work
Few job search strategies
• “The beginning point of a decision-making process is
Exploration, not Decision.”
You/Identity
Interest
Skills Values, Needs
生涯規劃的起點是要探索和了解個人的特性，包括需要、興趣、價值觀和技能，以確定個人的事業/生涯方向和目標
Career and Life Planning - Basic Belief #2
職業性向評估報告
生理需要
安全感
愛與歸屬感
自尊感
自我實現
人的基本需要 (Maslow)
Career and Life Planning - Basic Belief #3
“If you are looking for clues about tomorrow, the signs are to be found in your past and present.”
生涯規劃不只是看明天，也要看昨天和今天要有勇氣面對昨天，超越成長障礙，並從以往不同的經驗中找尋“我是誰?”要積極地生活於今天，擴闊對自己的了解和視野。了解昨天和今天的我，我該如何小心走明天的路？
Developmental Tasks in Career Construction (Super, 1990)
• Stage 1: Growth 成長期 (Age 4-13)
• Stage 2: Exploration 探索期 (Age 14-24)
• Stage 3: Establishment 建立期 (Age 25-44)
• Stage 4: Maintenance or Management 維持期 (Age 45-59)
• Stage 5: Disengagement 衰退期 (Age 60-)
Crystallization Specification Implementation
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Values 價值觀Abilities 能力
Assets 資產
Beliefs 信念
Personalities 性格
Interests 興趣
Competence 技能
Foundations 基石
Goals 目標
Career and Life Planning - Basic Belief #4
“Structuring your different life roles is an important part
of career and life planning”
Worker Leisure
Son/daughter
Student
Spouse
Citizen
生涯規劃包括探討你的不同生命角色，這些角色之間的關係/相互動力，角色的重要性，和他們與你的生命意義與目的的相關。
生涯彩虹圖 (Super 1980)Career and Life Planning Basic Belief #5
Career and life planning is a continuous process of knowledge acquisition and decision making.
Career and life planning is a continuous process of knowledge acquisition and decision making.
Meta-cognition
Knowing
Self
KnowingOptions
DecisionMaking
Information Processing Domain
in Career Decision Making
Meta
Cognitions
Generic Information
Processing Skills
(CASVE)
Self
Knowledge
Occupational
Knowledge
Executive
Processing
Domain
Decision-
Making
Domain
Knowledge
Domain
Where am I now?
Where do I want to be?
How do I get there?
Career Development Process
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3-7: Knowing How I Make Decisions
(Doing Skills)
The eight elements of decision making:
Knowledge about myself1
Knowing about My Options2
Realizing I need to Make a Choice3
Understanding Myself and My Options
4
Expanding and Narrowing My List of Options or Fields of Study
5
Choosing an Occupation or Field of Study
6
Implementing My Choice7
Thinking about My Decision Making8
Career and Life Planning Basic Belief #6
“Interests, Goals & Competence are self-constructed. They can be nurtured and continuously developed”
Interests, Goals & Competence are self-constructed. They can be nurtured and continuously developed.
Factors Affecting Choice Behavior
6
2
1
LearningExperiences
Self-Efficacy
OutcomeExpectations
Interests3
Choice Goals
4
Choice Actions
5
Performance Domains and Attainments
Copyright 1993 by R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown and G. Hackett.
7
10
8
11
9
12
modera
tes
modera
tes
Contextual InfluencesProximal to Choice
Behavior
Sources of Efficacy Behavior Information
Performance accomplishment
Vicarious Learning
Emotional Arousal
Verbal persuasion
Perceived self-
efficacy
Persistence
Performance
Choice (approach
versus avoidance)
Social Cognitive Career Theory
School-to-work-to-life transition would highlight six interrelated processes that are manifest at various developmental points (Lent, Hackett, & Brown, 1999).
1. acquisition of positive yet realistic self-efficacy and outcomeexpectations,
2. development of career interests,
3. linkages between interests and career-related goals,
4. translation of goals into actions,
5. development of academic and work skills and remediation ofperformance- related problems, and
6. negotiation of social supports and barriers that affect the development of self and occupational beliefs and career options.
Goals for Career Counselling
People need to expand their capabilities and interests, and not base decisions on existing characteristics only.
People need to prepare for changing work tasks, and not assume that occupations will remain stable.
People need to be empowered to take action, not merely given a diagnosis.
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Career-related
experience
Self-talk
Self awareness
Career Information
Processing
Competence
(Knowledge and
Skills)
Career Development
Intention
Career
Development
Self-Efficacy
Career
Development
Outcome
Expectation
Career Exploration
and Planning Behaviour
Career Readiness
Cognitive Behavioural Career Intervention (CBCI)
Behavioural
intervention
Cognitive
intervention
Copyright 2011 by Chui Y.H.
GPA Process
Goals
• Dare to dream/imagine
• Understanding myself
• Understanding of the world of work
Possibi-lities
• Integrating knowledge of self and occupations
• Breaking down goals into smaller goals
• Generating possibilities
• Prioritizing possibilities and decision-making
Action
• Formulating and monitoring action plan
• Reviewing goals and plans
Cognitive Intervention
Behavioural Intervention
Copyright 2011 by Chui Y.H.
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身份認同
我思我在
夢想之旅
克服障礙
導師培訓日
• Brown,D.(2002) Career Choice and Development. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. San
Francisco, CA: Brooks/Cole
• Brown,D., Brooks,L.(1991) Career Counseling Techniques. Allyn and Bacon.
• Cormier, S. and Nurius, P.S. (2003). Cognitive change and cognitive restructuring
strategies. Interviewing and Change Strategies for Helpers: Fundamental Skills and
Cognitive Behavioral Interventions. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole-Thomas Learning.
• Gysbers, N. C., Heppner, M. J., & Johnston, J. A. (2003). Career counseling :
process, issues, and techniques (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
• Peterson, N. (2005). The role of work in people's lives : applied career counseling
and vocational psychology: Brooks-Cole Thomson Learning.
• Sampson, James P. (2004). Career counseling and services : a cognitive information
processing approach. Belmont, CA : Thomson/Brooks/Cole.
• Zunker, V. G. (2006). Career counseling : A holistic approach (7th ed.). Belmont,
Calif.: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning.
References