conceptual framework of industrial engineering · ti-1101 pengantar teknik industri - conceptual...
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Departemen Teknik Industri
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
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Departemen Teknik Industri
SasaranMampu mengidentifikasikan perbedaan
dan persamaan antara Science, Engineering dan Industrial Engineering
baik yang terkait dengan obyeknya, metoda analisis dan sinthesis, output,
ukuran kinerja dan validitas sertaprofesinya
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Materi
• Linkage Between Science, Engineering and Industrial Engineering
• History, Scope and Framework of Engineering
• History, Scope and Framework of Industrial Engineering
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Linkage Science Engineering And Industrial Engineering
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Sasaran
Memahami keterkaitan dan karakteristikScience, Engineering dan Industrial Engineering serta persamaan dan
perbedaannya
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Engineering
Science Industrial Engineering
Object : Natural System Artificial System Integrated SystemPhenomena : Determistic Det./Probabilistic Prob/UncertaintyOutput : Theory/Knowledge Product/service Value AddedPerformance : Truth Benefit EfficiencyValidity : Absolute Relative ContextualStart : Curiosity Need/Problem Need/ProblemProfession : Scientist Engineer Industrial Engineer
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Departemen Teknik Industri
SciencePrime objective: increase knowledge of
natural system
Research(Scientific Method)• Formulate Hypothesis• Execute Experiment
• Analyze Result• Generalize Hypothesis Theory/Law
(New Knowledge)• Publish the New Knowledge
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Basic Knowledge And Tool
• Basic knowledge» Logic» Creativity
• Tool» Analysis» Synthesis
• Process» Scientific Research
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Types of Research
Basic Research Applied Research- Curiosity - Need/Problem- Theory/Explanation - Product/Service/Method- Neutral - Purposive- Public Domain - Private Domain
Discovery Invention
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Departemen Teknik Industri
HistoryScope and Framework of
ENGINEERING
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Sasaran
Memahami disiplin engineering baik body of knowledge, fungsi dan proses
engineerring maupun sejarah danperkembangannya
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Departemen Teknik Industri
EngineeringPrime objective: use the knowledge to design and
develops usable devices, structure and processesfor better human life
Design ProcessIdentification of Need
Problem DefinitionSearch
ConstraintCriteria
Alternative SolutionAnalysisDecision
SpecificationCommunication
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Basic Knowledge And Tool
• Basic knowledge» Mathematics» Natural Sciences
• Tool» Analysis» Synthesis
• Process» Applied Research» Design
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Basic Engineering Process
Problem (Incl.Outcome)
Decision ( Best Altv.)
Synthesis of Alt.Solution
Analysis(Incld. Exp’tation)
Symptom/Need
Solution, System orMethod
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Problem
Difference
Expectation RealityObjective Achievement
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Characteristic Of Engineer
• Solve Problem• Analyze
• Design System– Creativity– Analysis– Synthesis
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Engineering Function• Research
• Development• Design
• Production &Testing• Construction
• Operation
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Engineering Era
Early ModernEra : Before 1750 - After 1750Knowledge : -Mathematics - Not Only Mathematics &
-Physics Physics* Chemical* Molecular* Social Sciences
Object : Physical System - Not Only Physical System* Life System
Abstract
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Early Engineering Era
• Egyptian Engineering (3200 BC)• Mesopotamian Engineering (2000 BC)
• Greek Engineering (500 BC)• Roman Engineering (320 BC)
• Oriental Engineering• European Engineering
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Early Engineering Era(1)• Egyptian Engineering
3200 BC, Irrigation3000 BC, Pyramids
• Mesopotamian EngineeringSumerians Built City Walls, Temple and Dug Irrigation Canal
Assyrians Invented Weapon Made of Iron2000 BC : Assyrians Invented Cavalry
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Greek Engineering 500-400 BC: Golden Age of Greece ( Art, Philosophy, Science,
Literature, and Government )440 BC : Pericle Built Temple on the Acropolis350 BC : Demetrius Produced the Most Fearsome
War Machine ( Belfry Had 9 Stories, 75 Feet Square at the Base, Stood 150 Feet Tall, Weighed 180 Tons, Pushed by 3400 Soldiers)
270 BC : Ktesibios Designed Water Clock in AlexandriaAristoteles: Mechanika Is the First Engineering TextPlato: Natural LawArchimedes: Archimedes Principle
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Roman Engineering
1200 BC : Central Indirect Housing Heating in Beycesultan, Turkey312 BC : Appian Way( Roma - Capera) First Major Surfaced Road
in Europe40 AD : Claudius Built a Tunnel to Drain Lake Fucius for
Irrigation100 AD : Alexandria Produced Engineering Manuscripts Entitled:
Mechanics, Pneumatics, Siegecraft, Automation-making, The Surveyor’s Transit, and Measurement and Mirrors
97-104 AD : Frontinus Built Roman Aqueduct
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Oriental Engineering 1. China
• Great Wall400 BC : Invented Escapement Mechanisms for Clock105 AD : Paper Was Made in China
1200 AD : Magnetic Needle Was Made
2. India• Ironwork• Jundishapur Was World Science Capital• 700 AD: Indian System of Numbers Was Informed to
Western Civilization
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Departemen Teknik Industri
European Engineering 1286 : Eyeglasses Invented in Europe14 Century : Cannon Was Invented in Germany15 Century : Renaissance1474 : Republic of Venice Developed the First Formal
Patent Law1483 : Leonardo Da Vinci Was One the Great Geniuses
Moved to Milan1514 : Michelangelo Was Selected in Completing St
Peter’s Cathedral1594 : Galileo Was Issued a Patent on a Device for Lifting
Water
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Modern Engineering Era
Big Five Engineering Newer Engineering• Civil . Nuclear • Mechanical . Computer• Electrical . Bioengineering• Chemical . Environmental • Industrial Engineering . Etc.
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Big 5 Disciplines• Military Engineering
• Civil Engineering• Mechanical Engineering
Mathematics + Physics Mechanical Principle Steam Engine
• Electrical EngineeringMathematics + Physics Electrical Science
Telegraph: Samuel MorseCarbon filament lamp: Thomas Edison
• Chemical EngineeringMathematics + Physics + Chemistry Synthetic Material
• Industrial Engineering
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Newer Discipline• After World War I
• Consider As Special Discipline in One of the Big Five Discipline
• Nuclear Engineering• Electronic Engineering
• Aeronautical Engineering
• Computer Engineering• Astronautical Engineering
• Environmental Engineering• Bioengineering
• Etc
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other Engineering and Scientific Disciplines
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
MechanicalEngineering
ChemicalEngineering
Industrial Engineering
ManufacturingEngineering
Early Industrial Engineering(Scientific Management)
Ergonomics
Economics
Physiology
Psychology andSociology
Statistics
Mathematics Physics
Operation Research
Quality & Reliability
Computer & Inf.Sci
Control Theory
ProductivityScience
Chemistry
Military Engineering
Logic
Early ManagementPhilosophy
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HistoryScope And Framework of
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Sasaran
Memahami konsep Teknik Industri baikbatasan, objek kajian, ruang lingkup,
profesi maupun latar belakang kenapadisiplin ini lahir
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Why IE Was Born ?
• As a Result of Industrial Revolution• Need for Technically Trained People
Who Could Plan, Organize, and Manage the Operations of Large Complex System
• Need to Increase Productivity and Efficiency of Operations
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Pioneers Of IE
• Adam SMITH• Charles BABBAGE
• Eli WHITNEY• Henry TOWNE
• Frederick W TAYLOR• Frank B GILBERTH• Lillian GILBERTH
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Adam SMITH
Wealth of Nations (1776)
Specialization of Labor– Division of the task in pin making into 4
separate operations increased output by a factor of almost 5
– 10 worker could produce 48.000 pins per day
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Charles BABBAGEOn the Economy of Machinery and Manufacture (1832)
– motion and time study– division of labor
• Result of factory visit in England and USA(early 1800)• Observed the manufacture of straight pins that:
– involve 7 distinct operations– measured the cost and time of performing each operation
Money Could Be Saved Using Woman and Children• Critics : Do not attempt to improve the work methods
or reduce the operation time
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Henry TOWNE
The Engineer As Economist (1886)
Stressed the Need for Engineers to Be Concerned With the Profitability Effect of Their Decisions
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Frederick Winslow TAYLOR(1856-1915)
FW Taylor was Influenced by Towne and Wentworth• 1874 : Machinist Apprentice in the Hydraulic Work• 1983 : Mechanical Engineer From Stevens Institute and
Work at Midvale Steel Company• 1881 : Began Study of Metal Cutting• 1895 : Presented “A Piece Rate System” at ASME Meeting• 1903 : Presented “ Shop Management”• 1909 : Presented “ Principle of Scientific Management”
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Principle of Scientific Management
1. Develop a science for each element of a man’s work,which replaces the old rule of thumb method
2. Select scientifically and then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas previously he chose his own work methods and trained himself as best as he could
3. Cooperate heartily with the men so as to ensure that all of the work being done is in accordance with the principles of the science which has been develop
4. There is almost an equal division of the work and the responsibility between management and the workmen. The management takes over all work for which they are better fitted than the workman.
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Industrial Engineering ?
Industrial Engineering Is Concerned With the Design, Improvement, and Installation of Integrated Systems of People, Material, Information, Equipment, and Energy. It Draws Upon Specialized Knowledge and Skill in the Mathematical, Physical, and Social Sciences Together
With the Principles and Methods of Engineering Analysis and Design to Specify, Predict, and Evaluate
the Results to Be Obtained From Such System
Object Knowledge Skill Result Job
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Object
Integrated System
People/Man
+Material + Equipment + Information + Energy
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Schematic Representation of Integrated System
MachineMan
Mat
Boundary
Environment
Input Out-put
: InteractionFeed-back
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Knowledge
• Mathematics• Physics
• Social Sciences
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Skill
• Method of Engineering Analysis• Design
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Result
• Specify• Predict
• Evaluate
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Job
• Design• Installation
• Improvement
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Contextual
2 + 2 = ?
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What Design IE Do ?
Integrated System
Industrial System(Manufacturing System)
Human Activity Management Control System System
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Human Activity System• Manufacturing Process• Material and All Other Resources• Machines and Equipment• Methods by Which Workers Perform Task• Layout of Facilities and Specification of Material Flow• Material Handling Equipment and Procedures• Workplace Design• Storage Space Size and Location• Procedures for Maintenance and House Keeping• Safety Procedures
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Management Control System(1)• Management Planning System• Forecasting Procedures• Budgeting and Economic Analysis• Wage and Salary Plans• Inventive Plans and Other Employee Relation System• Recruiting, Training, and Placement of Employee• Material Requirement Planning• Inventory Control• Production Schedulling• Dispatching
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Departemen Teknik Industri
Management Control System(2)• Progress and status reporting• Corrective action procedures• Information system• Quality control system• Cost control and reduction• Resources allocation• Organization design• Decision support system• Etc
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Departemen Teknik Industri
PerformanceEfficiency
Effective + Min Cost
ObjectiveAchievement/Actual
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Departemen Teknik Industri
What Does IE Do ?
Production Management CorporateOperations System Services
* Product &Services * Information System *Comprehensive Planning* Manufacturing Process * Financial &Cost System *Policies & Procedures* Facilities * Personnel * Performance Measurement* Work Methods & Standards * Analysis * Production Planning & Control