conceptual support for test case design (compsac 87)
TRANSCRIPT
CONCEPTUAL SUPPORT
FOR
TEST CASE DESIGN
Oct. 1987
Keizo Tatsumi
QuaHty Assuranee °ept.
Software Division
Computer Software Development Group
FUJITSU LTD.
METHODS FOR
BLACK-BOX TESTING
専Equivalence Partitioning
lnput domain of a program are divided into several
equivalent Classes.
1 Boundary- Value Analysis
The edges of equivalent Classes are analyzed.
(e.蛋. Maximum values,Minimum values)
書Cause-Effect Graphing
Test eases are derived from a Boolean graph
linking input and output Conditions.
〔PROBLEMS〕
l Above Methods do not help us in obtaining input
egnditions.
D Ho闇ean闇e Obtain input conditions?
義 Cause-Effect Graphing requires the knowledge and
manPO野er.
Q Ho闇ean闇・e deriye test eases efficiently?
l How ean闇e Share the information and knowledge
for test between testing members?
TEST CASE DESIGN
PROCEDURE
l Step-1) TEST CLASSIFICATION
Functions are divided into smaller units.
義 Step-2) TEST FACTOR ANALYSIS
Input eonditions 恒11ed FaetoTS) and their
values (Called States) are identified from
exteTnal specifications.
l Step-3) TEST CASE GENERATION
Test eases are generated by combini鵬the
states of the factors.
義 Step一郎 Definition of Test Results
Expected results are defined for each
generated test eases.
TEST FACTOR ANALYSI S
沌Ⅹternal Speeifieations〕
ASCFⅠLEcommand
Command 微�W&�襾2�
ASCFⅠLE ��エ�4��ヤR��66W72ヨ��ヨR��ツ�
[:::::E'Lf-namef']
凸ETest Factor Table〕
F a C to 僊 �"�C 認��
Command input ��4��ヤV��W&�襭�Entrymethod ���&V蹤�6�2�aCCeSSーname
r 冤ocation 剿ニV誣F��
S t a t ���Terminal �7�VニニVF�B�Correctly 磐匁呈ラVメ�(ACNAME) �7�V6貿坊B�(lcharacter)
2 綴&�F6��"�Mnemonic 疲�VgB�intermediate e S 剪��4竰�Parenthesis 茶"メモv6��&�メ�7FW'2��
3 ��Omitted 疲�没③���&V蹤�6�2�Maximum (8charact- ers)
4 �� ��90rmore characters
TEST CASE GENERATION
洋est Factor Table〕
F a C to 僊 �"�C 認ツ�
Command input ��4��ヤV��W&�襭�Entrymethod ���&V蹤�6�2�aCCeSS~name
r 冤ocation 剿ニV誣F��
S t a t ���Terminal �7�VニニVF�B�Correctly 磐匁儲Vメ�(ACNAME) �7�V6貿坊B�(1character)
2 �&�F6��"�Mnemonic 疲�VgB�intermediate e S 剪��4竰�Parenthesis 茶"メモv6��&�メ�7FW'2��
3 ��Omitted 疲�&没③���&V蹤�6�2�Maximum (8charact- ers)
4 �� ��90rmore characters
凸暮'l
〔、Test Case Table〕
actor Test
Case
A �"�C⊥D
Command input
location
ACNAME operandEntry
methodParenthe-
S 1 S
aC C e S S~n aれe
length
Test 宙���① 宙咤��①
Case1 彦W&ヨ匁�ツ�Spelled out �6�'&V7Fヌ��7�V6貿坊B�Minimum
Test 宙蔗��② 宙���(冨)
Case2 彦W&ヨ匁�ツ�Mnemonic �6�'&V7Fヌ��7�V6貿坊B�Maximum
Test ���① ���②
Cases �&�F6��"�Spelled �6�"薈T7Fヌ��Ⅰnter-
out �7�V6貿坊B�mediate
I l l
㊨ : State number i n the test factor table
TEST FACTOR ANALYSI S
PROCESS
㊨ Factor Analysis
e to ExtTaet Input Factors
義 to Extract Environmental Factors
魯Analogy of Associated Factors
義 from One Key耶rd(Factor) to Another Key耶Td
療state Analysis
義 for Factors lndieating Numerie Values
I
e.蛋. `Equiv-alenee Partitioning ,IBoudary Value Analysis'.
l for Factors Specifying a Selection Format辛
e・g・ DSNAME(ifH盲_name恒*・ file-name,default,
none of above
l for FaetoTS in Generic Name Format
e.g. DASD亡)all types of DASD
TEST FACTOR ANALYSI S
METHODS
TestFactorAnalysis
Factor Analysis
Single Factor Analysis
義 to extract single factor
Analogical Factor Analysis
義 to extract associated faetoTS
State Analysis
Logical State Analysis
義 Equivalence partitioning
l Boundary value analysis
Factual State Analysis
DASD
operands of Commands
i
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ハ
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UTI LIZATION OF
TEST KNOWLEDGE
Test factoranalysis screen
ど:ど ��1
State-1 �� ��
State-2 �� ��
State-3 �� 白�
State-4 �� �����
≡ ��
State-1 �� ��
State-2 �� 白�
State-3 �� ��「�
State-4 亦�I 亦���
〔Simple
Knowledge]
Te st factordatabase
〔Associative
Knowledge]
α ��i
State-1 ���� ��
State-2 ��"� ��
State-3 ��2� ��
State-4 �� ��
I
12つノ4
b b b b
STANDARD OF
TEST CASE GENERATI ON
1 0RTHOGONAL ARRAY 〔The Design of Ex,eriments〕
The same number of Combination of states
bet腎een any t耶faetors.
義 COMBINATION TABLE
At least one Combination of states
between any t耶faetors.
APPLICATION OF
THE COMBINATION TABLE
〔Test factor table〕
A �"�C ���� ����ツ�
1 ����bl �6ツ����
2 ��&#$3"�剴"�a2
ヨ �#2�剪�
Standardized 劔剪�
intotwostates
〔Test case table〕
A �"�C
T1 ����bl �3��
T2 ��"�bl �3"�
T3 ��ツ�B23 �3"�
T4 ��"�B23 �6ツ�
Combinationtable applied(3factors)
ー123
T1 ����� T2 �#�"�T二ヨ ��)?�ィ�b�
T4 �##��
A �"�C
Tl ��ツ�bl �6ツ�
T2 ��"�bl �3"�
T3 ��ツ�b2 �3"�
T4 ��ツ�b3 �3"�
T5 ��"�b2 �6ツ�
T6 ��"�b3 �6ツ�
Combinationtable applied(1factor)
toeachB23
I1
T1 T2 �%R�
TEST CASE DESIGN
SUPPORT SYSTEM
Test factor
F=
TESTCASEDESⅠ甜 剳B�
SUPPORTSYSTEM
Testknowledge ��accumulation
I 剩��
function
tabl e
Test casetabl e
ドニ
Test knowledgesearchfuncti on
Test factor tableediting andmanagement function
Test casegenerationfuncti on
Combi nati ontabl e
Testcase tableediting andmanagement ftlnCtion
Test factor analysis
Testingpersonnel
二二二手_
processing
Testingpersonnel
筈LjOJ
Test case generation
α �<��
Testcasel ��ツ�b2 ��
Testcase2 ��"�b3 ��
■、′ ��′、′
Testingpersonnel
三三_
::::JJ
CONCLUSI ONS
〔EXPECTED IMPROVEMENTS〕
◎Prevention of the ommission of factors and states
⑳Prevention of the ommission of test factor
eombination
⑳ E血eational effects for ne野membeTS
lFUTURE ENHANCEMENTS]
㊨ Automatic accumulation of Test Knowledge from
test faetoT table database
㊨ Selective usage of Test Kno酎edge by dynamic Change
of links between associated factors
⑳ Automatic interpretaion of external specifications
by formalizing them
Externalspecifications
汀]〒⊂二つ
TestCaseDesi紳
SupportSystem
Formalizing
Te st CaseTabl e
Te st FactorTabl e