Conditional sentence (If-clause)

conditional sentences pada umumnya memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut:a. Digunakannya kata if dalam anak kalimat

(subordinate clause). Karena clause ini diawali oleh if maka disebut

if clause.b.  digunakannya modal auxiliary, seperti

will, can, may, must, would, could, might, etc. pada pokok kalimat (main clause).

Real conditionals (factual / habitual / hypothetical / future possible)Example:If I have the time, I will go.If I don’t have the time, I will not go.

a. Future time

Example:If I have the money, I will give it to you.  If you keep driving on this speed, we may

arrive at home before 10 p.m.I can pass this subject if I study hard. You must bring an umbrella if I you don’t

want to get wet.

If + S + present tense,  S +

will

+ Verb1can

may

must

b. Habitual (kebiasaan/habit)

If Budi has enough time, he usually walks to campus.

I usually watch football on TV every Saturday night if I do not fall asleep.

If he has money, he always treats us.

If + S + verb1,  S + verb1

c. Command (perintah)

If you finish with your work, please help me. Please give me a cigarette if you don’t mind. If you have time, please meet me in my

office. 

If + S + verb1,  S + verb1

Unreal atau Contrary to Fact Conditionals

If the teacher didn’t speak quickly, I could understand better what he is teaching about.

Fact: the teacher speaks quickly, so that, I can’t understand well

what he is teaching about.He could hug me, if he were here. Fact: he can’t hug me, because, he is not here.If I had a pair of wings, I would fly high. Fact: I don’t have a pair of wings, I can’t fly.

If + S + Simple Past  S +

would

+ Verb1could

might

Had to

ExercisesIf you (send)…send…… this letter now, she (receive)… will receive

…..it tomorrow. If I (do)……. this test, I (improve)…… my English. If I (find)….. your ring, I (give)……… it back to you. Peggy (go)…… shopping if she (have)…… time in the afternoon. Simon (go)…… to London next week if he (get)…. a cheap flight. If her boyfriend (phone / not)…….. today, she (leave)……. him. If they (study / not)…….. harder, they (pass / not)……. the exam. If it (rain)…….. tomorrow, I (have to / not)……… water the plants. You (be able/ not)…….. to sleep if you (watch)……… this scary

film. Susan (can / move / not)…………….. into the new house if it (be /

not)…….. ready on time.

Exercise unreal situationIf we (have)…had…. a yacht, we (sail)…would sail…… the

seven seas. 1. If he (have)………. more time, he ………(learn) karate. 2. If they (tell)………. their father, he (be)…….. very angry. 3. She (spend)…… a year in the USA if it (be)…….. easier to

get a green card. 4. If I (live)……. on a lonely island, I (run)……… around

naked all day. 5. We (help)……… you if we (know)………… how. 6. My brother (buy)……….. a sports car if he (have)…… the

money. 7. If I (feel)……… better, I (go)……… to the cinema with you. 8. If you (go)……….. by bike more often, you (be / not)…… so

flabby. 9. She (not / talk)…….. to you if she (be) ………..mad at you.

Exercise on If ClausesComplete the sentences.1. If your conditions are competitive, we (place)………… an order. 2. If I had more time, I (do)…………… a course in business English. 3. If we had known more about their culture, negotiating (be)

………… easier. 4. If you (customize)…………. your CV, your chances of getting a

job will be better. 5. We (cancel)………. our order if you don't deliver the goods by

Friday. 6. If Brittany (speak)………. better English, she would apply for a

job abroad. 7. If you (tell)………. me about the problem, I would have helped

you. 8. I (let)………. you know if I weren't satisfied. 9. If you execute the order carelessly, they (place / not)……………

another order with you in the future. 10. If I were you, I (worry / not)………………. about the presentation.