công nghệ chế biến khí - chƯƠng 4. lÀm sẠch khÍ

8/11/2019 Cng Ngh Ch Bin Kh - CHNG 4. LM SCH KH

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1

CNG NGH

CH BIN KH

TrngihcCng nghip

TS. Nguyn Mnh Hun


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4

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Cong nghe x ly:

- Ham lng khong ang ke mot so hp chat lam thay oi c ban la chon dung moi hoac qua trnh

lam sach kh.

- H

2

S:CO

2

trong kh nguyen lieu co y ngha quan trongtrong viec chon qua trnh va cong nghe lam

sach nguyen lieu va kha nang tan dung san pham:

+ Phng phap Clause: x ly kh chua vi ham lng H

2

S > 15% t.t. Trong mot so s o Clause ham

lng H

2

S trong kh chua at ti > 50% t.t., H

2

S:CO

2

> 1.

+ [H

2

S] va [CO

2

] thap

lam sach chon loc, nhan kh chua co [H

2

S] cao:

- Giai oan I : thu [H

2

S]

ieu che S,

- Giai oan II: thu CO

2

.


5/41

5

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Tieu chuan chat lng oi vi kh:

+ Nga:[H

2

S] < 22 mg/m

3

, mercaptan = 36 mg/m

3

;

+ My: [H

2

S] ~ 5,7 mg/m

3

,

[CO

2

], tong lu huynh va mercaptan do cac cong ty van chuyen kh qui

nh va phu thuoc vao khach hang

([CO

2

]= 1-2% t.t, mercaptan = 1,5-5 mg/m

3

, tong S=22-228 mg/m

3

...)


6/41

6

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Phng phap hap thu:

1) Hap thu hoa hoc:

+ Dung moi: dung dch nc ankalamin: MEA, DEA, diglicolamin (DGA)...,

+ C s: phan ng hoa hoccua cac hp chat chua vi ankalamin.

+ ac iem:

- Lam sach en mc tinhH

2

S va CO

2

cac ap suat va ham lng cua chung trong nguyen lieu

khac nhau;

- o hoa tan cua H/C khong cao.

- Cong nghe va thiet b n gian va o tin cay cao.


7/41

7

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

+ Khuyet iem:

- Khong lam sach hoan toanH

2

S, CO

2

, RSH, COS va CS

2

- Mc o loai mercaptanva cac hp chat lu huynh thap;

- Mercaptan, COS va CS

2

tng tac vi mot so dung moi tao hp chat hoa hoc khong the hoan nguyen

- Boi so hoi lu chat hap thu caova chi ph nhiet nang ln;

- Chat hap thu va san pham tng tac vi cac hon hp trong kh co hoat tnh an mon cao.

- Khi tang nong o chat hap thu va mc o bao hoacua H

2

S va tap chat trong dung moi hoat o an mon

tang.

Kha nang hap thucua chung khong do ieu kien can bang nhiet ong han che ma do gii han

mc bao hoa kh chua cho phepcua chat hap thu.


8/41

8

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

2) Phng phap hap thu vat ly:

+ Dung moi hu c:propylencarbonat, dimetyl eter polyetylenglicol (DMEPEG), N-N-metylpyrolidon...

+ C s: hap thu vat ly, ch khong phai phan ng hoa hoc.

+ ac iem:

- Lam sach hoan toan H

2

S, CO

2

, RSH, COS va CS

2

trong kh vi nong o cao;

- Khong tao bot va khong an mon thiet b,

- Chat hap thu co nhiet o ong bang thap.

- Khi ham lng tap chat cao oi hoi au t va chi ph san xuat thap hn so vi qua trnh hap phu hoa hoc amin,

- Hoan nguyen khong can phai gia nhiet ma nh ha P.

+ Khuyet iem: dung moi hap phu tot H/C.


9/41

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Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

3) Hap thu bang dung moi hon hp

+ Dung moi:d.d alkanamin + dung moi ha c - sunfolan, metanol...

+ C s:hap thu vat ly bang d.m hu c va tng tac hoa hoc vi alkanamin.

+ u iemve hap thu hoa hoc va vat ly.

ng dung e lam sach en mc tinh H

2

S, CO

2

, RSH, COS va CS

2

.

+ Khuyet iem: dung moi hap thu tot H/C (ac biet H/C thm) han che lnh vc ng dung

cua qua trnh nhom hai va ba.


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10

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Hap phu hoa hoc Hap thu vat ly

Qua trnh Dung moi Qua trnh Dung moi

Alkanamin:

- MEA

- DEA

MEA, DEA,

Diizopropanolamin

Vetrocoke D.d muoi Asen trong kiem

nong

(K3AsO3va muoi khac)Econamin Diglycolamin Dung dch muoi natri

(2,6-2,7 axit antrikinolsunfon)

Carbonat

thong

thng

Dung dch

cacbonat nong

(K2

CO3

)

Fluor Propylencarbonat

Selexol DMEPEG

Carbonat

hoat hoa,

nong

Dung dch

cacbonat nong +

1,8% DEG (phu

gia hoat hoa)

Purizon N,N-metylpyrolidon (NMP)

Sunfinol Diisopropanolamin + sunfolan

Rektizon Metanol ( nhiet o thap)

Bng 1: Mt s phng php lm sch kh


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Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Tieu chuan chnh chon chat hap thu va qua trnh :

+ C

au

va C

cuoi

cua cac chat chua; P

he

- Ap suat rieng phan ban au: quyet nh so vong tuan hoan cua chat thu (chi ph rieng cua chung).

- Ap suat rieng phan cuoi phu thuoc vao:

* Mc tuan hoan chat hap thu

* P can bang cua kh tren dung dch

* Nhiet o.

+ au t ban au va chi ph san xuatdo:

- So vong tuan hoan

- ieu kien tuan hoan dung moi.

+ Cach chon

1) Ap suat rieng phan cua kh chua

chon dung moi (hoa hoc hay vat ly);

2) ac tnh cua hon hp kh chua, tng tac gia chung vi dung moi

la chon qua trnh can thiet .


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12

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Tat ca cac qua trnh tr Vetrocoke- H2

S va Stretford:

+ Hap thu hoa hoc hoac vat lycua cac hp chat cha lu huynh

+ Giai hapra khoi chat hap thu

san xuat lu huynh dang Clause.

Vetrocoke - H2

S va Stretfort:

+ Hap thu hoa hocH

2

S

+ Oxy hoachung trong thiet b hoan nguyen

S

+ ng dunglam sach kh co ham lng H

2

S thap ( < 0,07 MPa),

Sau lam sach: H

2

S = 0,002 MPa

T

hap thu

= 35-45

o

C.


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13

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKHII. Lam sach kh bang dung moi alkanamin

Vi ap suat rieng phan kh chua thapkha nang hap thu cua chat hap thu ankalaminoi vi H

2

S va CO

2

cao, hap thu hoa hoc canh tranh

c vi dung moi vat ly.

Tnh chat hoa ly cua cac dung moi alkanamin:

MEA DEA DIPA DGA

Phan t lng 61 105,1 133,2 105,1

Ty trong, kg/m

3

1018 1090 989 1055

Nhiet o soi(

o

C ), ap suat (Pa):

110 171 - 248,7 221

660 100 187 167 -

1320 69 150 133 -

Ap suat hi bao hoa 20

o

C, Pa 48 1,33 1,33 1,33

Nhiet o ong bang,

o

C 10,5 28 42 9,5

o nht tuyet oi, Pa.giay 0,241 0,38 0,198 0,026

( 20

o

C) ( 30

o

C) ( 45

o

C) ( 24

o

C)

o hoa tan trong nc 20

o

C,

% k.k. Hoan toan 96,4 87 Hoan toan

Nhiet hoa hi 105 Pa, J/kg 1486,4 1205,9 722,5 917,4


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14

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Qua trnh tng tac CO2

va H

2

S vi MEA:

2RNH

2

+ H

2

S = (RNH

3

)

2

S

(RNH

3

)

2

S + H

2

S = 2 RNH

3

HS

CO

2

+ 2 RNH

2

+ H

2

O = (RNH

3

)

2

CO

3

CO

2

+ (RNH

3

)

2

CO

3

+ H

2

O = 2 RNH

3

HCO

3

( R - OHCH

2

CH

2

)

T thap - trai sang phai : H

2

S va CO

2

tng tac vi chat hap thu,

T cao- t phai sang trai: hoan nguyen chat hap thu va thu hoi kh axit hap phu (H2

S va CO

2

).

C h h bi kh


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Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

1. Qua trnh lam sach MEA

- [MEA] < 15-20% t.t.,

-khi bao hoa kh chua

dung dch co ham lng kh chua cao hn

tang toc o an mon kim loai

han che hieu qua qua trnh hap

thu

- S dung chat c che

tang [MEA] en 30%

tang hieu qua

- Khi thiet ke: ham lng kh chua trong dung dch ri khoi mam di < 65-70% so vi ham lng can bang

mc bao hoa < 0,3-0,4

mol/mol MEA.

- Sau nay mc bao hoa at 0,6-0,7mol/mol MEAs dung thep hp kim hoac chat c che an mon

ng dung: lam sach H2

S va CO

2

vi P

H2S

va P

CO2

< 0,6-0,7 MPa.

u iem:

- lam sach tinh H2

S va CO

2

trong khoang bien thien rong;

- MEA ben hoa hoccao, de hoan nguyen, co kha nang phan ng cao;

- Cong nghe va thiet ke n gian va co o tin tng cao;

- Dung dch MEA hoa tan H/C kem

C h h bi kh


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Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Khuyet iem:

- Mc bao hoa cua dung dch thap;

- Chi ph rieng chat hap thu va chi ph san xuat cao;

- Mot so hp chat ( CO2

, COS, CS

2

, HCN, SO

2

va SO

3

) tng tac vi MEA tao hon hp khong hoan nguyen

au oc chat hap thu, tang

tao bot va hoat tnh an mon;

Khong c ng dung neu kh cha COS va CS

2

;

- Hap thu mercaptan va cac hp chat lu huynh hu c kem;

- Co H/C beo, sulfur sat, tiosunfit va chat c che

tao bot cua chat hap thu tang.

- Lng MEA phan huy do tng tac khong thuan nghch:

3,35 kg/1000 m

3

CO

2

; 1 kg/1m

3

COS; 1kg/1m

3

CS

2

(DEA: 3,68 kg/1000m

3

CO

2

; DEA khong phan ng vi COS va CS

2

)

- e loai hp chat hu c va san pham phan huy: loc va chng cat.

- Ham lng cua cac san pham trong d.d. khong vt qua 0,1-0,5%.

- e chong tao bot: dung phu gia chong tao bot (0,001-0,0015% k.l.: nhu tng nc cua silicol hoac runhiet o soi cao ( oleun...).

C h h bi kh


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Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Hnh IV.1. S o cong nghe lam sach hap thu H

2

S va CO

2

bang dung dch nc alkanamin.

1- Thap hap thu; 2- thap tach; 3- thap tach; 4 9- may lam lanh bang nc; 5 8- may lam lanh bang khong kh; 6- trao oi nhiet; 7-

thap giai hap; 10- be cha - tach; 11- noi soi lai.

I- Kh nguyen lieu; II- kh sach; III- chat hap thu bao hoa; IV- kh t thap tach; V- chat hap thu c loai kh mot phan; VI- kh chua; VII-

chat hap thu hoan nguyen.

C h h bi kh


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Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

2. Qua trnh lam sach DEA

Chat hap thu: dung dch nc DEA.

Nong o DEAphu thuoc vao ham lng kh chua trong nguyen lieu va mc bao hoa dung dch: 20 30%k.l

+ [kh chua] trong d.d.= 0,05-0,08 m

3

/lit : d.d. 20-25% DEA

+ [kh chua] trong d.d. = 0,14-0,15 m

3

/lit : d.d. DEA 25-27%;

+ [kh chua] trong d.d.= 0,15-0,17 m

3

/lit: d.d. DEA 25-30%,mc bao hoa at 1

1,3 mol/mol DEA

(MEA: 0,3-0,4 mol/mol).

u iem:

+ lam sach en mc tinh H

2

S va CO

2

vi s hien dien cua COS va CS

2

;

+ d.d. DEA ben vng hoa hoc va de hoan nguyen,

+ DEA : ap suat hi bao hoa thap;

+ cong nghe va thiet ke n gian va o tin cay cao;

+ hap thu T cao hnqua trnh MEA 10-20

o

C

ngan nga tao botmanh khi kh cha H/C nang vi ham lng cao.

C h h bi kh


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19

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Khuyet iem :

+ Kha nang hap thucua dung moi thap,

+ Chi phrieng cua chat hap thu va san xuat cao;

+ Mot so hp chat tng tac vi dung moi (CO

2

;HCN) tao hon hp khong hoan nguyen;

+ Lam sach mercaptan va cac hp chat lu huynh hu c thap.

S o cong nghe tng t MEA, tr cum loai hon hp khong hoan nguyen:

+ Trong s o DEA: loc mang loc

+ S o MEA: chng cat va loc

Cng ngh ch bin kh


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Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

3. Qua trnh ADIP

- Chat hap thu: D.d. DIPA.

- [DIPA] at ti 40%.

- Lam sach tinh H

2

S(en 1,5 mg/m

3

), ong thi lam sach CO

2

, COS va RSR.

- Hoat o oi vi CO2 < so vi MEA.

- Loai 40-50% COS va RSR.

- Tng tacvi CO2

, COS va RSR tao hp chat de hoan nguyen,

phan huyDIPA do tng tac t hnso

vi MEA

Chi ph hi nccho hoan nguyen hai lan t hn(khoang 1kg/m

3

kh chua).

- Co the dung thep cacbonche tao thiet b.

- S o cong nghe tng tMEA va ADIP de dang chuyen sang lam viec vi ADIP.

Cng ngh ch bin kh


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Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Thong so cong nghe cua thiet b sau khi thay MEA bang ADIP

Qua trnh MEA ADIP

Cong suat nguyen lieu, ngan m

3

/gi 156,25 156,25

The tch dung moi tuan hoan, m

3

/gi 162 126

Ham lng trong kh sach :

H

2

S , mg/m

3

5,7 5,7

CO

2

, %t.t. 0,01 0,01

Kha nang hap thu cua dung moi, m

3

kh chua/m

3

30 41

Chi ph hi,tan/gi 23 18,2

ng dung:lam sach kh thien nhien, kh ong hanh va kh t nha may che bien dau.

Cng ngh ch bin kh


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Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

4. Qua trnh Econamin.

+ Chat hap thu:d.d. DGA 60-65%k.l.( so vi 20-30% trong DEA).

+ Lam sach tinh H2

S(ti 5,7 mg/m

3

).

+ Tng tacvi CO2

, COS, CS

2

va mercaptan

hp chat de hoan nguyen(hoat o DGA oi vi CO

2

cao hn

so vi MEA). Mc o loai CO

2

, COS, CS

2

va mercaptan cao.

+ Mc bao hoad.d. DGA: 40-50 lit/lit dung dch(30-35 lit/lit MEA).

ng dungkhi [kh chua] = 1,5-8%.

Hoa tan hydrocarbon va an mon thiet b tng t MEA va DEA.

Hoan nguyen: 13-17 kPa

T

di

= 160-170

o

C.

S o cong ngheva che o lam viec tng t MEA.

Thay the MEA bang DGA: lam giam 25-40%chi ph rieng chat hap thu va chi ph nhiet, ien.

Cng ngh ch bin kh


23/41

23

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Lam sach H2

S vi ham lng ~ 5% t.t.:

MEA + DEA DGA

Cong suat nguyen lieu, ngan m

3

/gi 142,9 142,9

The tch dung moi tuan hoan, m

3

/gi 163 126

Kha nang hap thu cua dung moi, m

3

/m

3

30 41

Ham lng trong kh sach:

H

2

S, mg/m

3

5,7 5,7

CO

2

, %t.t 0,01 0,01

Mat mat dung mo (phan huy, cuon), m

3

/nam 77,6 56,9

(DEA - 35,6%; MEA - 64,4%)

Cng ngh ch bin kh


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24

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

III. Lam sach kh bang dung moi vat ly va tong hp

Cac chat hap thu:

+ Co nhiet hoa tan thap

+ Kha nang hap thu kh chua va cac tap chat khac cao.

Kha nang hap thuphu thuoc vao pkh chua

.

+ p

kh chua

t

hap

kha nang hap thu rat thap.

+ p

kh chua

> 5MPa: dung moi vat ly co u the

+ Hap thu vat ly: hu hieu p

thap

neu T

thap

( < - 70

o

C).

+ Hieu quacua moi chat hap thu oi vi H

2

S va CO

2

khac nhau:

- Mot so chat c dung e loai CO

2

co li hn,

- Mot so khac e loai H

2

S,

- Loai th ba e lam sach la chon.

Cng ngh ch bin kh


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25

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Qua trnh FLUOR

1.Chat hap thu: propylencarbonat, co tnh chat hoa ly:

Nhiet o soi,

o

C 242

Phan t lng 102

Nhiet o nong chay,

o

C -49

o nht 18

o

C, m

2

/giay 6,64.10-6

Ty trong 20

o

C, kg/m

3

1200


o

C, Pa 0,666

Propylencarbonat:

+ Hoa tan tot H

2

S, CO2, COS, CS2, RCH va H/C,

+ n mon yeuoi vi thep cacbon thong thng,

+ Ben hoa hoctrong ieu kien phan ng,

+ Ap suat hi bao hoa thap.

Cng ngh ch bin kh


26/41

26

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Thiet b cong nghiep qua trnh FLUOR(1960):

+ Ham lng trong kh thien nhien:

CO

2

(45%t.t); H

2

S (70mg/m

3

)

+ Ham lng trong kh sau x ly:

CO

2

- 2%t.t.; H

2

S - 5,7 mg/m

3

+ Cong suat: 2,3 ty m

3

/nam.

+ Ap dung cho: kh thien nhien, kh ong hanh va kh cong nghe kho co [CO

2

] cao va H

2

S:CO

2

thap.

+ Thuan li: p

kh chua

trong nguyen lieu > 0,4 MPa.

+ Hap phu: T= 0 - 6

o

C (lam lanh amoniac).

+ Hoan nguyen: giam tng bc P

co vai thiet b tach.

Cng ngh ch bin kh


27/41

27

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Hnh IV.2.S o cong nghe qua trnh Fluor.

1- Thap hap thu; 2- thap tach; 3- thiet b gian n turbin; 4 may nen kh; 5- turbin thuy lc; 6-

ong dan.

I-Kh nguyen lieu; II-kh chua; III- kh sach; IV- chat hap thu hoan nguyen; V- chat hap thu bao hoa;

VI- kh tuan hoan.

- Kh sau thap tach th nhat

cha lng ang ke H/C va kh

chua tron vi kh nguyen

lieu

- Nang lng sinh ra trong qua

trnh tiet lu dung dch c s

dung cho may bm chat hap

thu tuan hoan

- Mat mat chat hap thu la

16g/1000m

3

kh nguyen lieu).

Cng ngh ch bin kh


28/41

28

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

2. Qua trnh SELEXOL.

Chat hap thu: DMEPEG(Dimethyl ether polyethylene glycol) co cac tnh chat hoa ly sau:

Nhiet o soi,

o

C 151

Nhiet o nong chay,

o

C 22

29

Ty trong 25

o

C, kg/m

3

1000

Phan t lng 280

o nht 25

o

C, Pa.giay 5,8.10

-3


o

C, Pa 1,33

Nhiet dung 25

o

C, kJ/(kg.K) 2,43

+ Khong oc, ben hoa hoc

+ Khong an mon,

+ De phan huy khi lam sach sinh hoc nc thai,

+ Lam sach la chon H

2

S trong moi trng co CO

2

( 20

o

C va 0,1 MPa: o hoa tan cua H

2

S = 10 lan CO

2

).

Lam sach tinh kh thien nhien co [H

2

S] va [CO

2

] trung bnh va cao (lam sach 97% H

2

S va 85% CO

2

; CS

2

loai ra < 50%).

Cng ngh ch bin kh


29/41

29

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Hoa tan cua DMPEG:

C

2

H

6

< CO

2

< C

3

H

8

< C

4

H

10

< COS< C

5

H

12

<


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30

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Hnh IV.3. S o cong nghe qua trnh Selexol.

1-Thap hap thu; 2- thap hoan nguyen giai oan I; 3- thap hoan nguyen giai oan II; 4- trao oi nhiet; 5- nung nong bang hi nc; 6, 7- may

nen kh.

I- Kh nguyen lieu; II- kh sach; III- chat hap thu bao hoa; IV- chat hap thu hoan nguyen mot phan; V- hi nc; VI- chat hap thu hoan

nguyen; VII- kh chua va cac kh khac cho san xuat lu huynh; VIII - kh hoan nguyen lam nhien lieu.

Cng ngh ch bin kh


31/41

31

Cng nghchbinkh

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

+ Hieu qua tangkhi P va ham lng [H2

S] va [CO

2

] tang

( 15,6

o

C va 6,9 MPa o hoa tan cua H

2

S cao gap 9,6 lan CO

2

).

+ Selexol co tnh mem deo cao: [kh chua] thay oi trong khoang rong

+ Chi ph chat hap thu: 1m

3

/1000m

3

kh.

+ Che o hap thu: T = 10 15o

C, P = 6,8-7 MPa.

+ Hoan nguyen: giam tng bc ap suat trong he.

- Khi lam sach tinh kh: (CO

2

< 0,5%): giam P + gia nhiet, kh thoi.

- Nang lng tiet lu s dung cho may bm va may nen kh.

+ Chi ph san xuat va au t thap hn MEA:

+ Chi ph san xuat giam 30%,

+ au t giam 70%.


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CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

Hnh IV.4. S o cong nghe qua trnh Purizol.

1- Thap hap thu; 2- may lanh; 3, 4, 5 - thap tach ap suat cao, trung bnh va thap; 6, 7 - trao oi nhiet; 8- thap hoan nguyen.

I- Kh nguyen lieu; II- kh tuan hoan co ham lng H2S va CO2 cao; IV- kh sach ; IV- chat lam lanh; V- chat hap thu bao hoa; VI, VII- kh

sau gian n dung lam nhien lieu; VIV-chat hap thu; IX- chat tai nhiet; X- kh chua va cac kh khac; XI - kh thien nhien ( nap them vao e

tang cng bay hi H2S va CO2); XII- chat hap thu bao hoa.

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CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

S dung e lam sach sau va tinh H2

S va CO

2

cac nong o khac nhau .

o la chon hoa tan H

2

S cua NMP

ng dung e san xuat lu huynh theo phng phap Clause.

ng dung lam sach khco [H

2

S] cao (4-34%t.t.)

va [CO

2

] thap (6-11%t.t).

Tuy thuoc vao [CO

2

] va [H

2

S] va o sau lam sach: hap thu mot hoac hai bc.

Che o hap thu:Tban au

= 20-28

o

C, T

nguyen lieu

= 0 15

o

C,

P = 5-7,5 MPa.

Hoan nguyen:giam P nhieu bc,

tiet lu dung dch + gia nhiet

ap suat d thap + kh thoi ( nit, khong kh ...) .

Kh t bc I tuan hoan trong he v cha chu yeu H/C va kh chua.

Kh sach co cha NMP

ti nc

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g g

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

4. Qua trnh Sunfinol.

Chat hap thu : Sunfinol la dung dch.

30% diisopropanolamin

64% sunfolan (cyclotetrametylensunfon),

6% nc.

Thanh phan co the thay oi

Tnh chat hoa ly cua diisopropanolamin va sunfolan:

Diisopropanolamin Sunfolan

Nhiet o soi, oC 248 288

Nhiet o ong lanh, oC 42 8 - 10

Ty trong 25oC, kg/m3 - 1,27

Phan t lng 133,2

o nht, Pa. giay 0,192 0,99.10

-2

( 48oC) ( 25oC)

+ Hoa tan tot H

2

S, CO

2

, RSH, COS, CS

2

va H/C;

+ Ben hoa hoc va ben nhiet,

+ Nhiet dung va ap suat hi bao hoa thap,

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g g

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

ac iem cong nghe:

+ H

2

S:CO

2

>1va ap suat rieng phan cua chung la 7-8 MPa.

+ Mc bao hoa at ti 85%

cao gap vai lan so vi MEA

lng d.d. tuan hoan thap hn, chi ph san xuat thap hn.

(chi ph hi giam 2 lan, au t giam 1,3 lan)

+ Sunfinol khac vi MEA: hap thu cao khi ap suat rieng phan cua H

2

S va CO

2

thap va cao:

Ap suat rieng phan thap: hieu qua tng ng nhau,

Ap suat rieng phan cao: sunfinol tot hn MEA nhieu.

+ Thiet b va s o MEA de dang chuyen oi cho Sunfinol

cong suat thiet b tang ang ke.

+ Che o cong nghe: giong nhau.

+ Trong Sunfinol:P cang ln hieu qua cang cao;

T cua kh nguyen lieu va chat hap thu : 30 - 50

o

C,

Hoan nguyen hai bc:

- Trong thap tach: giam P ( P = 0,17 MPa),

- Trong thap cat : gia nhiet (T

noi cat

= 35 - 70

o

C)


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g g

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

IV. La chon dung moi cho qua trnh lam sach dihydrosulfur va cacbonic trong kh

Dien tch: vung ng dung

ng dungkhi ch co H2

S va ( hoac) CO

2

,

Neu biet ac tnh cua cac hp chat khac va nhng hau qua

ap dung cho kh co thanh phan phc tap hn.

Cac ch dan khi chon qua trnh:

1. Lam sach CO2

khi kh co cha H

2

S

Hnh IV.5. Gian o e la chon qua trnh lam sach CO

2

khi trong kh co H

2

S.

I- Dung moi vat ly + amin;

II- Dung moi vat ly hoac dung moi vat ly + amin/potat nong;

III- Dung moi vat ly;

IV- Dung moi vat ly hoac potat hoat hoa;

V- potat nong hoat hoa hoac amin am ac ;

VI- potat nong hoat hoa hoac amin; VII- amin.

P

CO2

trong kh nguyen lieu:

+ Vung P

CO2

thap ( < 0,07 MPa): alkanamin;

+ Vung P

CO2

= 0,07

0,7 MPa: alkanolamin, potat nong

hoac dung moi vat ly;

+ P

CO2

> 0,7 MPa: dung moi vat ly, + amin/ potat nong.

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g g

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

2. Lam sach H2

S khi co CO

2

+ P

H2S

trong kh nguyen lieu va kh sach thap :

Svetford va Vetrocoke- H2S;

+ P

H2S

trung bnh: alkanolamin,

+ P

H2S

> 0,4 MPa : dung moi vat ly.

Hnh IV.6. Gian o e la chon qua trnh lam sach H

2

S khi co

CO

2

.

I- Econamin, Selexol, Sunfinol hoac DEA o bao hoa cao;

II- dung moi vat ly ;

III- dung moi vat ly/ sunfinol;

IV- diisopropanolamin, Econamin, Sunfinol hoac dietanolamin o bao

hoa cao;

V- amin, qua trnh Stretford, Sunfinol hoac Vetrocoke - H

2

S; VI- qua

trnh Stretford, Sunfinol hoac Vetrocoke - H

2

S

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CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

3. Lam sach tong hp cac kh chua.

1.Co mat ong thi CO

2

va H

2

S kho giai quyet hn,

2.Chon dung moi:

ap ng mc lam sach

Nhan c ty le H

2

S : CO

2

thch hp cho san xuat lu huynh theo phng phap Clause phan tch ky lng.

Hnh IV.7. Gian o la chon qua trnh lam sach tong hp kh chua

I- Econamin, Selexol hoac DEA o bao hoa cao;

II- Dung moi vat ly;

III- Dung moi vat ly hoac Econamin;

IV- potat nong hoat hoa, Sunfinol hoac amin;

V- amin hoac Sunfinol.

La chon

+ P

CO2

va H2S

trong kh nguyen lieu thap (< 0,065 MPa) : alkanamin hoac qua

trnh Sufinol.

+ P

CO2

va H2S

= 0,065

0,55 MPa : potat nong hoat hoa, dung moi vat ly va

Econamin.

+ P

CO2

va H2S

> 0,55 MPa:Econamin va Selexol,

DEA va dung moi vat ly.

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g g

CHNG 4. LM SCHKH

4. Lam sach la chon H

2

S khi co CO

2

ng dung:

Lam sach tinh H

2

S vi ty le H

2

S: CO

2

thap can thu c kh chua co ty le H

2

S: CO

2

cao trong giai oan I

S va H

2

S: CO

2

thap trong giai

oan II

CO

2

thng pham.

La chon

+ P

kh chua

thap: Stretford va Vetrocoke

+ P

kh chua

thap va trung bnh (en 0,044 MPa): Adip

+ P

kh chua

cao hn: Rectizol va Selexol.

Hnh IV.8. Gian o la chon qua trnh lam sach la chon H

2

S va CO

2

.

I- Qua trnh Rectizol hoac Selexol;

II- Diisopropanolamin;

III- qua trnh Sresford hoac Vetrococke

(hoac Diisopropanolamin).

công nghệ chế biến khí - chƯƠng 4. lÀm sẠch khÍ

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