cong nghe khai thac dau khi

7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi

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I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINHTRNG I HC BCH KHOA

KHOA K THUT A CHT V DU KH

---------------oOo---------------

BI GING

PGS. TS. L PH C H

O


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BI GING CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH

Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc Ho

Email : [email protected]

Tel : 84-8-8654086

GII THI U, YU C U

V NI DUNG MN H C


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2 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh

NI DUNG MN HC

Tn mn hc: CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH

M s mn hc: 300009

Phn phi tit hc: 3 (3.1.6)

+ L thuyt: 42

+ Bi tp & Seminar: 14

Ni dung: Mn hc gii thiu cc nguyn tc c bn trong cng

ngh khai thc du kh bao gm k thut hon thin ging khai thc,

cng ngh v k thut tc ng ln va, cc phng php khai thcdu kh, cng ngh v k thut thu hi du th cp, cc phng

php thit k v ti u ha khai thc du kh t cc m du hoc t

cc ging khai thc du ring bit.


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TI LIU THAM KHO

1- L Phc Ho. Bi ging Cng ngh khai thc du kh

2- Phng nh Thc, Dng Danh Lam, L B Tun, Nguyn Vn

Cnh. Cng ngh v kthu t khai thc d u kh, NXB Gio dc 1999.

3- L Phc Ho. C skhoan v khai thc d u kh. NXB HQG TP.HCM 2002.

4- L Phc Ho, Nguyn Kin Cng. Ph ng php phn tch hth ngng dng trong kthu t d u kh. NXBHQG TP. HCM 2003.

5- L Phc Ho, Nguyn Mnh Thy (dch): Cc v n

c b n trongcng ngh khai thc d u kh, XNLD Vietsovpetro, 1996.

6- Petroleum Engineering Handbook, SPE, 1992.


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TI LIU THAM KHO

7- Cc ngun hc liu m (cc bi ging in t cc trng i hc,

bi bo, LVTN, LVThS, LVTS)

8- Th vin in t SPE

9- Cc trang web ca cc cng ty du kh (BP, Exxon-Mobil, Shell,TotalElfFina, Vietsovpetro) v dch v k thut du kh (Schlumberger,

Halliburton, BJ, Transocean, Geoservices, PVDrilling...).


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Chn g 1 : Tng quan v khai thc du kh

1.1. Cc khi nim c bn

1.2. Cc ngun nng lng va

1.3. Cc ch khai thc m du

1.4. L thuyt chuyn ng ca dng cht lu trong ng

ng

1.5. Tnh ton tn tht p sut do ma st

1.6. Tnh hnh khai thc du kh trong nc v trn th gii


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Chng 2: Hon thin ging khai thc

2.1. i cng v cng tc hon thin ging

2.1.1- Phn loi

2.1.2- Phng php hon thin ging2.1.3- Tnh ton thit k

2.1.4- Dung dch hon thin ging

2.2. Qui trnh hon thin ging2.3. Thit b hon thin ging

2.3.1- Thit b bn m va

2.3.2- Thit b lng ging2.3.3- Thit b u ging

2.3.4- Thit b kim sot dng chy


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Chng 2: Hon thin ging khai thc

2.4. Cng ngh bn m va

2.5. Nhng c th trong cng ngh hon thin ging

ngang2.6. Gi dng sn phm

2.6.1- Nguyn l gi dng

2.6.2- Cc yu cu c bn2.6.3- Cc phng php gi dng sn phm

2.6.4- Cc yu t nh hng n cng tc gi dng

2.7- Bi tp


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Chng 3: Kho st ging

3.1. Mc ch v phng php kho st ging

3.2. Kho st ging lm vic ch n nh

3.3. Kho st ging lm vic ch khng n nh

3.4. Cc phng php kho st khc

3.5. La chn ch lm vic ca ging3.6. K thut v thit b kho st


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Chng 4: Cng ngh duy tr p sut va

4.1. Mc ch v phng php

4.2. Duy tr p sut va bng bm p nc

4.2.1- S b tr cc ging bm p4.2.2- Cc ngun nc bm p

4.2.3- X l nc bm p

4.2.4- Qui trnh cng ngh bm p nc4.2.5- H thng thit b bm p nc

4.3. Duy tr p sut va bng bm p kh

Kim tra gia hc k


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Chng 5: X l vng cn y ging

5.1. Vn nhim bn tng cha

5.1.1- Nguyn nhn

5.1.2- Cc yu t nh hng chnh5.1.3- Hiu ng skin

5.2- Tng quan cc phng php x l (c s l thuyt,

i tngpdng, u nhc im)5.2.1- X l ha hc (axit)

5.2.2- X l c hc

a- Tri n

b- Nt va thy lc (c v khng c ht chn)

c- X l kt hp


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Chng 6: Phng php t phun

6.1. Khi nim v s t phun

6.2. Phng php xc nh iu kin t phun

6.3. Cc yu t nh hng n kh nng t phun

6.4. Tnh ton ct ng khai thc

6.5. Thit b lng ging khai thc t phun6.6. Chn ch khai thc ti u

6.7. S c trong qu trnh t phun v bin php phng

nga


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Chng 7: Phng php gaslift

7.1. Nguyn l ca phng php gaslift

7.2. Cc loi thit b gaslift

7.3. Chng loi v c tnh ca cc van gaslift

7.4. Thit k ch lm vic cho ging gaslift

7.5. Ti u ha phng php gasliftGiao bi tp ln


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Chng 8: Bm ly tm in chm

8.1. u nhc im ca phng php

8.2. Thit b

8.2.1- Thit b lng ging

8.2.2- Thit b b mt

8.3. Thit k v chn bm8.4. Nhng s c thng gp

8.5. Cc bin php nng cao tui th bm ly tm in chm

Giao bi tp ln


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Chng 9: Thu hi tng cng

9.1. Tm quan trng

9.2. S phn b ca du d trong va

9.3. Cc phng php thu hi du tng cng

9.4. La chn phng php thch hp

Kho st cc phn mm chuyn ngnh

Np cc bi tp ln (tnh ton thit k)

Thi hc k


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Chng 10: Nhng thnh tu mi

Production Facilities

Sand Control

Coiled Tubing

Multiphase Pumps

Downhole Separators

Marginal Field Development...


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HNH THC NH GI MN HC

1. Kim tra thng k (10%), gia k (20%), v cui k

(50%) bng hnh thc trc nghim khch quan trn

mng

2. Bi tp ln (10%): 2 bi tp tnh ton thit k (np bi

trc khi kt thc hc k)

3. Seminar (10%): mi SV (hoc nhm SV) chn 1 ch

(nng cao, m rng phn l thuyt c trong chng

trnh, hay ng dng thc t...), ng k vo u hc k,nhn ti liu v chun b bo co trc lp (10 pht)

v tr li cc cu hi lin quan.


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Tel : 84-8-8654086

CAC TNH CHAT

CUA A VA CHAT LU


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1. Cac tnh chat cua Dva tac ong en dong chay

2. Cac tnh chat cua lu chat va

3.He phng trnh mo ta dong chay trong va

NI DUNG


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Cac tnh chat cua va va chat lu

1. o rong

2. o tham

3. o bao hoa

4. Tnh mao dan

5. Tnh dnh t

6. S thay oi the tch theo ap suat

7. Ap suat va

8. Nhiet o va


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- Trong at a luon ton tai nhng lo hong, khe

nt khong cha nhng vat ran

- Thc te, at a cng chac va lien khoi co the

xem nh khong co lo rong, con at a mem, ri,a nhieu khe nt co o rong ln

o rong


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o rong toan phan

o rong toan phan bieu th bang ty so gia tong the

tch khong gian rong cua khoi a va tong the tch

thc cua khoi a

rthe tch rong V

the tch khoi a V

=


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o rong hieu dung

o rong hieu dung bieu th bang ty so tong the tch

khong gian rong cua khoi a cho phep chat lu

(kh, dau, nc) chay qua tren tong the tch thc

cua khoi a

=hd

hd

the tch hieu dung V

the tch khoi a V


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o rong hieu dung

- Gia tr o rong hieu dung dung e tnh toan tr lng valu lng khai thac cua gieng. Phan loai o rong hieu dung:

+ 0%-5%: khong ang ke+ 5%-10%: ngheo hoac thap

+ 10%-15%: kha hoac trung bnh

+ 15-20%: tot hoac cao

+ tren 20%: rat tot

- Neu o rong va qua thap, co the s dung cac phngphap nt va e tang o tham


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Xac nh o rong

Qui trnh xac nh o rong cua at a trong phong th

nghiem:

- Say kho mau 1050C trong 8h e khoi lng khong

thay oi

- So sanh khoi lng cua mau kho va mau t, tm c

khoi lng lu chat cha trong mau, t o suy ra co rong cua mau


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o bao hoa chat lu trong va

o bao hoa chat lu trong va la ty so gia the tch

chat lu cha trong cac lo rong va the tch lo rong

= clr

VSV


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Tng ng vi moi pha dau, kh, nc ta lan lt co

o bao hoa dau, kh va nc tng ng

Va:

= oo

r

VS

V= ww

r

VS

V= gg

r

VS

V

go wo g wr r r

VV VS S S 1V V V+ + = + + =

o bao hoa chat lu trong va


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Quan he gia o tham tng oi va o bao hoa


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Quan he gia o bao hoa va ap suat


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- Nhng lo rong trong a c xem tng t nh

nhng ong mao dan co kch thc nho

- Khi lo rong trong a co kch thc nho, lc cang be

mat gay ra bi chat lu co tnh dnh t a chiem uthe se gay ra s chenh ap gia 2 chat lu dau nc

qua be mat nay

Tnh mao dan


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Ap suat mao dan

a co the co tnh dnh t dau hoac nc chiem u the, v vay theo

quy c, ap suat mao dan dau - nc la ap suat pha dau tr ap suat pha

nc

Tng t, ta co ap suat mao dan gia pha kh pha nc

la:

Va ap suat mao dan gia pha kh va pha dau la:

c(g o) g oP P P =

c(o w) o wP P P =

c(g w) g wP P P =


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Quan he gia AS mao dan o bao hoa chat lu


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- o tham la mot trong nhng tnh chat quan trong

cua at a cha dau kh, ac trng cho kha nang

cho chat lu chay qua he thong lo rong lien thong

nhau

- o tham c bieu th qua he so tham k ch phu

thuoc vao moi trng lo rong ma khong phu thuocvao chat lu tham qua no

o tham


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Cac loai o tham

- o tham tuyet oi la o tham cua a ieu

kien bao hoa 100% mot loai chat lu

- o tham hieu dung la o tham cua a vi mot

chat lu co o bao hoa nho hn 100%

- Tong cac o tham hieu dung luon nho hn o

tham tuyet oi

w ok k k+ Pb: Theo Vasquez va Beggs

0od o, APIlg[lg( 1)] 1,8653 0,025086 0,5644lgT + =

Bo odA =

m

o obb

P

( )P = 1,187 5m 2,6P exp( 11,513 8,98.10 P)=

Cac tnh chat cua nc va


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a. He so the tch thanh he nc

Theo McCain:

w wt wpB (1 V )(1 V )= + +

2 4 7 2

wtV 1,00010.10 1,33391.10 T 5,50654.10 T

= + +9 13 2 7 10 2

wpV 1,95301.10 PT 1,72834.10 P T 3,58922.10 P 2,25341.10 P =



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b.Ty so hoa tan kh nc

0,0840655 0,285854sw

swp

R

10 STR

=

2

swpR A BP CP= + +2 4 2 7 3A 8,15839 6,12265.10 T 1,91663.10 T 2,1654.10 T = +

2 5 7 2 10 3B 1,01021.10 7,44241.10 T 3,05553.10 T 2,94883.10 T = + 7 4 2 6 3 9 4C 10 (9,02505 0,130237T 8,53425.10 T 2,34122.10 T 2,37049.10 T ) = + +



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c. He so nen ang nhiet

Khi P > Pb:

Khi P < P:

ww T

w N a C l

B1 1C ( )

B P ( 7 , 0 3 3 P 5 4 1, 5 C 5 3 7 , 0 T 4 0 3 , 3 )

= =

+ +

ww T

wB1C ( ) ( B 2 C . P )B P

= + +



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d. He so nht ong lc

-He so nht ong lc nhiet o va va ap suat kh quyen:

- He so nht ong lc ap suat va nhiet o va:

Tw1 AB =

2 3 3A 109,574 8,40564S 0,313314S 8,72213.10 S= + +

2 4 2 5 3 6 4B 1,12166 2,63951.10 S 6,79461.10 S 5,47119.10 S 1,55586.10 S = + +

5 9 2w

w1

0,9994 4,0296.10 P 3,1062.10 P

= + +

Dong chay trong va


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Dong chay trong va

- S dch chuyen cua chat lu trong va luon thay oi theokhong gian va thi gian

- Cac yeu to anh hng en dong chay cung thay oi theo

- Viec hieu biet quy luat dch chuyen cua chat lu theokhong gian va thi gian trong va la rat quan trong, giup:

+ Tnh toan ng ac tnh dong vao

+ Tnh toan lu lng khai thac hp ly

+ La chon cac phng phap x ly vung can ay

+ Xac nh he so skin gieng- e giai quyet bai toan nay, can s dung nh luat thamDarcy va khao sat mot so yeu to anh hng en dong tham.

Dong chay trong va


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Dong chay trong va

1. nh luat tham Darcy

2. S thay oi gia o tham tng oi va o bao hoachat lu

3. He phng trnh tong quat cua dong tham nhieu

pha

Dong chay trong va


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Dong chay trong va

1. nh luat tham Darcynh luat tham Darcy tong quat cho dong tham bat k:

- Khi van toc dong chay la ln (Re >10) th phng trnhDarcy khong con ung na. Trong trng hp nay, ta s

dung phng trnh tham phi tuyen co dang:

- Tuy nhien hau het cac dong chay trong moi trng lo rongeu la dong chay tang (Re


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g y g

2. S thay oi gia o tham tng oi va o bao

hoa chat lu

- Khi o bao hoa thay oi th o tham hieu dung

cua chat lu thay oi

- Khi o bao hoa nc tang th o tham cua nc

se giam, con khi o bao hoa dau tang th o thamcua dau se tang

Dong chay trong va


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g y g

S thay oi gia o tham tng oi va o bao hoa chat lu

Dong chay trong va


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g y g

3.He phng trnh tong quat cua ong tham nhieu phaXet trng hp dong tham gom ca 3 pha nc, dau va kh.nh luat Darcy ap dung cho moi pha nh sau:

- Pha nc:

- Pha dau:

- Pha kh:

w rww w w w w

w w

.( ) ( )= + = +

))& )& )&k k kV p z p gz

o roo o o o o

o o

.( ) ( )= + = +))& )& )&k k kV p z p gz

g rgg g g g g

g g

.( ) ( )= + = +))& )& )&k k kV p z p gz

Dong chay trong va


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Phng trnh lien tuc ap dung cho tng pha:

+ Pha nc

+ Pha dau

+ Pha kh

w ww w

( S )

( V ) 0t

+ =

& &

o o o o

( S )( V ) 0t

+ =

& &

g gg g( S ) ( V ) 0t

+ =

& &

Dong chay trong va


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Ket hp nh luat Darcy va phng trnh lien tuc

cho moi pha, ta c he phng trnh:

w w rww w w

w

( S ) k.k[ (p gz)] 0

t

+ =

)&&

o o roo o o

o

( S ) k.k[ (p gz)] 0t

+ =

)&&

g g rgg g g

g

( S ) k.k[ (p gz)] 0t

+ =

)&&

Dong chay trong va


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Cac pha lien he vi nhau qua cac quan he na thc

nghiem gia ap suat va o bao hoa:

c(g w) g w g wP P P f(S ,S ) = =

c(g o) g o g oP P P f(S ,S ) = =

c(o w) o w o wP P P f(S ,S ) = =

Dong chay trong va


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- Ngoai ra can quan tam en tnh nen c cua lu

chat

- S bien thien cua cac he so tham tng oi theo

o bao hoa

- S bien thien cua cac he so nht ong lc theo ap

suat va nhiet o

Dong chay trong va


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- Da vao cac ieu kien ban au va ieu kien bien, cac

phng trnh tren co the giai c bang phng phap so.

- Li giai cac he phng trnh tren cho biet quy luat dch

chuyen cua chat lu trong va, t o co the xay dng c

ng ac tnh dong vao vi o chnh xac cao, giup vieckhai thac at hieu qua cao nhat


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Tel : 84-8-8654086

DONG CHAY TRONG GIENG

NOI DUNG


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Gii thieu chung

Tnh toan dong chay trong gieng Phng trnh nang lng tong quat Cac tnh chat c ban cua lu chat

Cac thong so cua dong chay hai pha Phng trnh gradient ap suat cua dong chay hai phatrong ong khai thac

Dong chay trong cac bo phan can dong

Gii thieu chung


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Dong chay trong he thong khai thac bao gom:

Dong chay t va vao ay gieng

Dong chay t ay gieng len be mat

e phan tch toan bo he thong khai thac, can tnh toan tonthat ap suat trong tng bo phan cua he thong:

Ton that ap suat cua dong chay t va vao ay gieng cthe hien qua ng ac tnh dong vao IPR.

Ton that ap suat t ay gieng len be mat, (iem 6 iem1) c the hien qua ng ac tnh nang VLF.

LY THUYET IEM NUT


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Chon ay gieng la iem nut. Ap suat iem nut tnh theo dong ra luc nay la:

Psep +P ong TG +Pchoke +P ong KT +P sssv +P srt = Pwf

Trong o: Psep: Ap suat bnh tach

P ong TG: o giam ap trong ong thu gom

P choke: o giam ap trong van tiet lu be mat

P ong KT :o giam ap trong ong khai thac

Psssv

: o giam ap trong van an toan gieng sau

P rst: o giam ap trong bo phan can dong khac

Pwf: Ap suat ay gieng

PHNG TRNH NANG LNG TONG QUAT


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Chia phng trnh tren cho m va lay vi phan hai ve, ta c:

cc

s

cc g

Zgm

g

vmVpUWq

g

Zgm

g

vmVpU 2

22

22'2

''121

11'1

..

.2

..

..

.2

.. +++=+++++

0.)( =+++++ scc

dWdqdZgg

gvdppddU



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Phng trnh tren rat kho ap dung. Da vao ly thuyet nhietong hoc bien oi phng trnh tren nh sau:

dU = dh d(p/); dh = T.dS + (dp/)

dU = TdS + dp/ - d(p/)Thay the vao phng trnh tren ta c:

TdS + dp/ + vdv/gc +gdz/gc + dq + dWs = 0 (*)

Tiep tuc bien oi, c ket qua:dS -dq/T; dS = -dq + dLw.dLw la ton that ma sat. Gia s Ws = 0, phng trnh (*) trthanh:

0.. =+++ wcc

dLdZgg

gdvvdp



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Mat khac, neu ong thu gom nghieng

mot goc th dz=dLsin va nhan haive phng trnh tren cho /dL:

0.sin...

..=+++ dL

dL

g

g

dLg

dvv

dL

dpw

cc



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Trong cac phng trnh tren, o giam ap dp = p2 p1 < 0.Neu dp > 0, ta co phng trnh xac nh gradient ap suat:

++=

fcc dL

dp

g

g

dLg

dvv

dL

dp

sin..

.

..



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(dp/dL)f= dLw/dL: gradient ap suat do ma sat (hay trt) gay nenHe so ma sat f c xac nh nh sau:

f = 64/NRENRE la so Reynolds, la thong so dung e phan biet che o dong

chay.

Trong ong tron, gia tr phan chia gia dong chay tang va dong chay roi

thng la NRE = 2100 hoac 2300.



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oi vi dong chay roi, thanh ong trn, he so ma sat c xac nhbang cac phng trnh sau:

3000 < NRE < 3x106, ap dung phng trnh Drew, Koo va McAdam,ta c:

f = 0.56+0.5NRE-32

NRE> 105, ap dung phng trnh Blasius:

f = 0.316NRE-0.25

oi vi dong chay roi, thanh ong nham (/d 0) he so ma sat c

xac nh bang phng trnh Colebrook va White (1939):

+=

fNdf .

7,18.2log.274,1

1

Re



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V he so ma sat khong the xac nh trc tiep c t phng trnh tren nencan bien oi thanh phng trnh sau ay, ong thi ket hp phng phapth va sai:

2

Re.

7,18.2log.274,11

+=

g

c

fNd

f



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Dung phng trnh Drew, Koo va Mc Adams e xac nhgia tr fg au tien , sau o thay vao phng trnh tren xac nhgia tr fc. Neu fc khong gan bang gia tr fg th gan fc va tnh

bang fg va tiep tuc tnh cho en khi nao gia tri fg va fc tngng vi nhau.

Neu 5.103 < NRE


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Muon tnh toan dong chay trong ong khai thac, au tien phai biet nhng tnh

chat cua lu chat (he so the tch thanh he, ty so kh dau, van toc dong chay,

khoi lng rieng, o nht, he so nen ang nhiet, sc cang be mat,) se thayoi nh the nao trong ieu kien khai thac. ay la c s e tnh s chenh ap,

ton hao do ma sat trong ong khai thac.

Van toc lu chat

CAC TNH CHAT C BAN CUA LU CHAT


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Van toc bieu kien mot pha: van toc dong chay ch 1 pha trong toan bo matcat cua ong.

Van toc thc: Khi mot lu chat di chuyen khong chiem toan bo mat cat cua

ong, th luc nay ton tai mot pha khac trong tiet dien cua ong. Do o van toc

thc luc nao cung ln hn van toc bieu kien. V vay, e tnh van toc thc cua

hon hp ta can quan tam en van toc bieu kien cua tng pha rieng biet. Vantoc hon hp la van toc cua cac pha. Can chu y rang, lu lng cua cac pha

thay oi tuy thuoc vao ap suat, nhiet o cua cac pha va v tr cua chung trong

ong khai thac. Do o, van toc tc thi cua lu chat la mot ham phu thuoc vao

ap suat, nhiet o, he so the tch thanh he, he so nen cua lu chat tai iem o.

V t kh bi ki



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Van toc kh bieu kien Kh la lu chat nen c nen lu lng cua kh tai mot v tr trong ong

khai thac se bang lu lng kh tai ieu kien be mat chia cho he so thetch thanh he kh tai v tr o.

Trong o:

+ Vsg : van toc kh bieu kien (ft/s)+ qsc : lu lng kh t do o tai ieu kien be mat (scf/s)

+ Bg : he so the tch thanh he kh (ft3/scf)

+ A = d2/4 : tiet dien cua ng ong (ft2)

+ d : ng knh trong cua ong (ft)Trong trng hp kh hoa tan trong dau th lu lng kh t do dch chuyen trongng ong luc nay se bang lu lng tong tr i lu lng kh hoa tan trong dau.

A

Bq

A

qV

gscg

sg

.==

B



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Trong o:

+ Vsg : van toc kh bieu kien (ft/s)

+ qsc : lu lng kh t do o tai ieu kien be mat (scf/s)

+ Bg

: he so the tch thanh he kh (ft3/scf)

+ A = d2/4 : tiet dien cua ng ong (ft2)

+ d : ng knh trong cua ong (ft)

Trong trng hp kh hoa tan trong dau th lu lng kh t do dch chuyentrong ng ong luc nay se bang lu lng tong tr i lu lng kh hoatan trong dau.

A

Bq

A

qV

gscg

sg

.==

Van toc dau bieu kien



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Van toc dau bieu kiene xac nh van toc bieu kien cua dau can phai o c lu lng dau a

gian n ieu kien be mat:

Trong o:

+ vso : van toc dau bieu kien (ft/s)

+ q0 : lu lng dau khai thac (scf/s)

+ B0 : he so the tch thanh he dau (ft3/scf)

+ A : tiet dien ng ong (ft2)

Neu lu lng dau khai thac q0 la STB/ngay th van toc bieu kien cua dau:

AB

q

v so .0

0

=

AB

qvso

0

05.105,6

=



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Van toc nc bieu kien

Trong o:

+ vsw

: van toc nc bieu kien (ft/s)

+ qw : lu lng nc khai thac (STB/ngay)

+ Bw : he so the tch thanh he nc (bbl/STB)

+ A : tiet dien ong (ft2).

A

Bq

vww

sw

..105,6 5=

V t h l bi ki



95/285


Van toc pha long bieu kien

Trong ong khai thac, nc va dau c xem co cung van toc do nc co khoi

lng rieng ln hn nhng bu lai nc co o nht thap hn dau. Do o van toc

long bieu kien bang tong van toc bieu kien cua nc va dau: vsl

= vso

+ vswHay

Vi: ql : lu lng pha long bao gom ca nc va dau.

Neu pha long bao gom ca dau, nc va nc ngng tu th:

4.

2d

qv lsl

=

4.

...

2

00

d

BqwqBqv

wgcw

sl

+=

+ wc : lng nc ngng tu (bbl/MMscf)+ d : ng knh trong cua ong khai thac (ft)



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Van toc hon hp bieu kien bang van toc long bieu kien va van toc khbieu kien:vm = vsl + vsg

Khoi lng rieng cua lu chat

Dong chay trong ong khai thac la dong chay cua hon hp cac pha,

do o e tnh khoi lng rieng cua hon hp, ta can tnh khoi lngrieng cua tng thanh phan: kh, dau va nc

Khoi lng rieng cua dau khi co kh hoa tan trong dau:



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Khoi lng rieng cua dau khi co kh hoa tan trong dau:

Trong o:+ 0 : khoi lng rieng cua dau (lbm/ft3)+ Rs : ty so hoa tan kh dau (scf/STB)

0

00 .615,5

..0764,0.350B

Rsg +=

+ B : he so the tch thanh he dau (bbl/STB)



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+ B0 : he so the tch thanh he dau (bbl/STB)+ 350 : khoi lng rieng cua nc ieu kien tieu chuan (lbm/STB).+ 0,0764 : khoi lng rieng cua khong kh ieu kien chuan (lbm/STB).+ 5,615 : he so chuyen oi (ft3/bbl).Khi ap suat ln hn hoac bang ap suat iem bot kh (p pb), khoi lngrieng cua dau co the xac nh theo phng trnh sau:

Trong o:

+ 0 : khoi lng rieng cua dau nhiet o T va ap suat p

+ 0b : khoi lng rieng cua dau nhiet o T va ap suat pb

+ pb : ap suat iem bot kh+ C0 : he so nen ang nhiet nhiet o T (psia)

+ exp(x) = ex

( )[ ]bb ppC = 000 exp.

Khoi lng rieng cua nc



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Khoi lng rieng cua nc

Trong o:

+ w : khoi lng rieng cua nc nhiet o T va ap suat p(lbm/ft3)

+ wsc : khoi lng rieng cua nc nguyen chat ieu kien tieuchuan =62,4 (lbm/scf)

+ w : ty trong nc

+ Bw : he so the tch thanh he nc (ft3/scf)

wwwwwscw BB /.4,62/. ==

Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem

H l h kh


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He so lech kh

He so lech kh Z (hay con goi la he so nen kh) phu thuoc vaonhiet o gia giam (Tpr) va ap suat gia giam (ppr). Vi:

Tpr = T/Tpc; Tpr = p/ppc

Trong o:

+ Tpc va ppc: nhiet o va ap suat gia ti han (psia)

+ Tpc = yipci

+ ppc = yiTciVi:

+ yi : ty le mol cua thanh phan th i.+ Tci : nhiet o ti han cua thanh phan th i.+ pci : ap suat ti han cua thanh phan th i.

Neu khong biet thanh phan kh th co the tnh nhiet o



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Neu khong biet thanh phan kh th co the tnh nhiet o

gia ti han va ap suat gia ti han theo phng trnh sau:

+ Tpc = 170,5 + 307,3.g

+ ppc = 709,6 58,7.g

Ty so hoa tan kh dau



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Ty so hoa tan kh dau

Trong o:

+ T : nhiet o (0F)

+ C1, C2, C3 : hang so phu thuoc vao 0API

+ gc : ty trong kh chnh xac.

)]460/()(exp[... 312 += TAPICpCR cgcs

C h C C C h d 0API



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Cac he so C1, C2, C3 theo ty trong dau 0API

23.931025.7240C3

1.18701.0937C2

0.01780.0362C1

0API> 300API 30Hang so

Ty trong kh cung co the c tnh theo cong thc sau:



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Ty trong kh cung co the c tnh theo cong thc sau:

Trong o:

+ g : ty trong kh o c bnh tach

+ T : nhiet o bnh tach (0F)

+ p : ap suat bnh tach (psia)

+ API : ty trong theo o API

( )

+=

7,114log..10192,51

5 p

TAPIggc

H th t h th h h



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He so the tch thanh he

He so the tch thanh he dau

p

TZBg

..0283,0=

( ) ( )

+

++=

gc

s

gc

s

APITRC

APITCRCB

60601 3210




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1.337*10-9-1.811*10-8C3

1.100*10-51.751*10-5C2

4.670*10-44.6778* 10-4C1


Khi p > pb th Bo c xac nh:Bo= Bobexp[Co(pb-p)]

Trong o:

+ Bbo : he so the tch thanh he dau ap suat pb (bbl/STB)+ Co : he so nen ang nhiet cua dau (psi-1).

He so the tch thanh he nc



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He so the tch thanh he nc

BWP = C1 + C2P + C3P2

Trong o

+ Bw : he so the tch thanh he cua nc bien (bbl/STB)

+ Bwp

: he so the tch thanh he cua nc nguyen chat (bbl/STB)

+ Y : nong o muoi trong nc

)101( 4+= XYBB wpw



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81321068 1032,3.105,8()60().1095,11047,5)(60(.101,5 ++= pTpTpX

2751 .105,8.1035,69911,0 TTC

++=

21296

2 .1057,410497,310093,1 TC

+= 21513113 .1043,1.10429,6105 TTC

+=

Cac thong so cua dong chay hai phaTy le lu chat



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107 PGS. TS. L Ph

c H

oCng ngh khai thc d u kh

y Ty le long

HL = (dien tch mat cat cha chat long)/(tong dien tch mat cat ong)H

L: 0 1

Neu bo qua s trt gia cac pha, ty le the tch long c xac nh nhsau

Chia t va mau cho tiet dien cua ong ta c

ggL Bqq

q

.1

1

+=

m

slL

VV=

Ty le kh



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108PGS. TS. L Ph c H o

Cng ngh

khai thc d

u kh

Ty le khHg = (dien tch mat cat cha chat kh)/(tong dien tch matcat ong)Hay: Hg = 1 - HLNeu khong ke en hien tng trt, ty le kh c tnh nhsau:

Trong o:

+ ql : lu lng pha long tai ap suat, nhiet o tai v tr ang xet.

+ qg : lu lng pha kh tai ieu kien chuan.

lgg

gg

gqBq

Bq

+= .

.

oi vi dong chay bot kh:



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oi vi dong chay bot kh:

oi vi dong chay nut khn

lg

g

dqq

q

2.233,0++

=

n

g

g

g

dqqd

qd

5,11 .0942,0.6023,0 ++

=

Khoi lng rieng hon hp dau va nc



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g g p- Khoi lng rieng cua pha long:

L = 0.f0 +w.fw

Trong o:

+ Ty le dau trong pha long:f0=q0/(q0+qw) .

+ Ty le nc trong pha long: fw = 1 f0.

Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp trong trng hp the nang thayoi (co trt) c xac nh theo cong thc:



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oi (co trt) c xac nh theo cong thc:

s = L.HL + g.Hg

Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp trong trng hp khong trt gia cac

pha c xac nh:

n = L.L + g.g

Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp nham xac nh ton that ap suat va NREc tnh theo cong thc:

g

gg

L

LLk

HH

22 .. +=

Van toc kh bieu kien:



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Vsg=qg/A

Van toc thc cua kh:Vg=qg/AHg

Van toc long bieu kien:

Vsl=qL/A

Van toc thc cua pha long:

VL=qL/AHl

Van toc dong hon hp: sgsLm VVV +=

o nht hai pha (bo qua s trt)



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o nht hai pha co xet en s trt va o nht pha long

ggLLn .. +=

ggLLs HH .. +=

wwL ff .. 00 +=

Trong o

Sc cang be matSc cang be mat gia kh va nc, kh va dau phu thuoc vao ap suat,



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g g , p p ,nhiet o, trong lng cua dau, kh va lng kh khong hoa tan. Sccang be mat cua pha long c tnh:

Trong o:

+ 0 : sc cang be mat cua dau va kh.

+ w: sc cang be mat cua dau va nc

wwL ff .. 00 +=

PHNG TRNH GRADIENT AP SUAT CUA DONG CHAYHAI PHA TRONG ONG KHAI THAC

Phng trnh gradient ap suat cua dong chay hai pha


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Trong gieng dau, khoi lng rieng cua lu chat ln,

chnh v the thanh phan ton that thuy tnh chiem ty leln, con trong gieng kh, kh di chuyen nhanh vi vantoc ln, v the thanh phan phan ton that do ma satchiem u the.

accfel dl

dp

dl

dp

dl

dp

dl

dp

+

+

=

Thanh phan ton that trong cac gieng khai thac

% Ton that oi vi% Ton that oi viThanh phan


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0 100 10ong nang

30 6010 30Ma sat

20 5070 90The nang

(thuy tnh)

gieng khgieng dau

Ton that ap suat do s thay oi ap nangoi vi dong chay nhieu pha trong ong, thanh phan ton that do s thay oi apnang la ln nhat (chiem 70 98%) tren toan bo ton that ap suat cua dongchay) va la thanh phan kho tnh toan nhat v no chu tac ong cua nhieu yeu


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Trong o:

+ gc : he so ty le

+ hh : khoi lng rieng cua hon hp

+ : goc nghieng cua gieng

sin.. hhcel g

g

dl

dp=

chay) va la thanh phan kho tnh toan nhat v no chu tac ong cua nhieu yeuto.

Thanh phan ton hao do s thay oi the nang:

e tnh toan chnh xac khoi lng rieng cua hon hp th

Ton that ap suat do s thay oi ap nang


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phai tnh en s trt gia cac pha.

Ton that ap suat do ap nang con c xac nh theo bieu

thc sau:

=

l

kg

anL

Hdldp

g

11

.1

Ton that ap suat do ma sat

Ton that ap suat do ma sat co the chiem t 1 30% tren tong gia tr ap suat cuadong chay nhieu pha trong ong va c tnh bang bieu thc sau:


121/285


g y p g g g

Trong o:

+ fhh : he so ma sat cua hon hp+ ns : khoi lng rieng cua hon hp trang thai khong trt

+ d : ng knh trong cua ong khai thac

+ Ghh : lu lng khoi lng cua hon hp

+ vhh : van toc chuyen ong cua hon hp

dgvGf

dgvf

dldp

c

hhhhhh

c

mns

f ..2....2 ..

2

==

Ton that ap suat do ma sat con c xac nh theo bieu thcsau:



122/285


sau:

Trong o:

+ ql : lu lng the tch pha long+ qg : lu lng the thch pha kh

He so ma sat cua hon hp chat lu hai pha:

+=

l

gl

hh

msl q

q

d

q

fdl

dp

g 1.331,0.

15

2

l

g

hh

q

qf

fff

1

21

141,01 +

=

Trong o:f1= 0.11*NRE-0.266

N 0 5 A 1 0 h h f h h bi h



123/285


Neu: 0,5 A0 1,0 th he so f2 c tnh theo bieu thc sau:

Neu: A0 < 0,5 th f2 = 1,0 va khi A0 > 0,5 th f2 =0,2

Vi:

033,0826,0

0

2 =A

f

3 20

110 d

q

qfA

g=

gdd

.10 =

Vi la sc cang be mat gia hai pha long - kh (N/m)

( )

Ton that ap suat do s thay oi ong nang


124/285


( )dL

dp

pg

vv

dL

dp

c

khhhh

dn

..

..=

( )

+

==

k

k

L

L

c

hhhh

c

hhhhhh

dn

G

dL

dG

dL

d

g

v

dLg

vdv

L

p

.

.

..

Gradient ap suat khi lu chat di chuyen t ay gieng len be mat trong ong khai thac

Ton that ap suat do s thay oi ong nang


125/285


Phng trnh c ban tnh toan ton that ap suat cua dong chay nhieu pha trong ong:

Hay

dLdp

pgvv

dgvGf

gg

dLdp

c

ghhhh

c

hhhhhhhh

c

..

....2..sin.. +=

pgvv

dg

vGf

g

g

dL

dp

c

ghhhh

c

hhhhhhhh

c

...1

..2..sin..

+

+

=

CAU TRUC DONG CHAY TRONG ONG KHAI THAC

Dong chay bot kh Dong chay dang nut kh


126/285


Dong chay chuyen tiep

Dong chay sng mu

Cac phng phap xac nh gradient ap suat

+ Phng phap Poettman va Carpenter

+ Phng phap Hagedon va Brown


127/285


+ Phng phap Duns va Ros

+ Phng phap Orkiszewski

+ Phng phap Aziz, Govier va Fogarasi

+ Phng phap Chierici, Ciucci va Sclocchi

+ Phng phap Beggs and Brill

+ Phng phap Mona, Asheim

+ Phng phap Hassan va Kabir

DONG CHAY TRONG CAC BO PHAN CAN DONG

Mac du ton that ap suat chu yeu xay ra ay gieng, he thong ong khai thacva he thong thu gom nhng trong mot so gieng, ton that bo phan can


128/285


dong cung chiem mot ty le ang ke. Cac bo phan can dong chu yeu la:

+ Van tiet lu be mat

+ Van an toan gieng sau

+ Goc van va goc ong

Van tiet lu be mat

Lu chat la khPhng trnh tong quat c xay dng bang cach ket hp phng trnh Bernoulli

va phng trnh trang thai ap dung cho lu chat la kh trong ca hai trng hp ti


129/285


va phng trnh trang thai ap dung cho lu chat la kh trong ca hai trng hp ti

han va cha ti han:

Trong o: + qsc: Lu lng kh

+ d: ng knh cua van

+ g: Ty trong kh

))(1

()(

))(( /1/2

11

21 kkk

g

nsc yy

k

k

ZT

dPCq +

=

+ P1: ap suat dong vao

+ P2: Ap suat dong ra

Van tiet lu be mat


130/285


+ T1: Nhiet o dong vao

+ Z1: He so lech kh nhiet o T1 va ap suat p1

+ Psc: Ap suat tieu chuan

+ Tsc: Nhiet o tieu chuan

+ Cs, Cd, Cn : He so chuyen oi n v (Cn = Cs* Cd *Tsc /Psc)

+ K: Ty so nhiet dung rieng (k=Cp /Cv)+ y: ty so ap suat dong ra va dong vao (y=p2 /p1)

Van tiet lu be mat

Khi lu lng dong kh at ti gia tr ti han, ty so ap suat (y=yc) va phuthuoc vao o k theo phng trnh sau:

y [2/(k+1)]k/(k 1)


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yc=[2/(k+1)]k/(k-1)

Trong trng hp van tiet lu ngan, dong chay ti han qua van co lo m

gan tron, cong thc lien he gia lu lung, ap suat dong vao va kch thc

van nh sau:

Thong thng ngi ta lay Cd =0,82 trong trng hp khong xac nh ccac so lieu cu the.

5,012

)(487,0

g

n

T

PdC

scq =

Van tiet lu be mat

Lu chat hai pha

Rpq


132/285


Trong o:

+ P1 :Ap suat dong vao (psia)

+ ql: Lu lng pha long (STB/d)

+ R: Ty so kh/ long (scf/stb)

+ d: ng knh van tiet lu (in)

a

cl

d

RpqP =1

Van an toan gieng sau (SSSV)

Phng trnh xac nh o giam ap cua dong chay cha ti han qua van antoan gieng sau:


133/285


+ =d/D

+ Cd: Thng chon 0,9

+ K: Ty so nhiet dung rieng cua kh

+ y: He so gian n

2241

42

11

6

21 )1(10.048,1yCdpqTzpp

d

scg =


He so gian n y thay oi trong khoang 0,67-1 va thng ctnh bang phng phap lap vi gia tr gia nh ban au thng


134/285


g p g p p p g g g

la 0,85:

Trng hp dong chay hai pha qua van

Phng trnh xac nh o giam ap cua dong chay cha ti han

qua van an toan gieng sau:

5,0

1

214 ))(35,041,0(1kp

ppY

+=

d

mn

C

vpp

24

2110.087,1

=



135/285


+ n: Khoi lng rieng khong trt (lbm/ft3)

+ n = ll +gg+ vm: Van toc cua hon hp qua van

+ Cd = 0,233+8,4.10-4Nv+6,672-11,662+ Nv= qg /ql =(1- l)/l;

+ l=ql /(ql +qg);

+=d/Dvi d: ng knh cua van va D: ng knh trong ong khai thac;

d

Goc van va goc ong

fg

vKg

v

d

fLp22

22 ==


136/285


fL/d = KL = Kd/f

Trong o:

+ D: ng knh ong tng ng;

+ f: he so ma sat cua dong chay trong ong

+ L: Chieu dai ong tng ng+ K: Phu thuoc vao loai van.

cc ggd 22

Bang hang so K theo loai van

KLoai van


137/285


6-8Van chan

3-5Van cau

0,2-0,3Van goc

0,15Van ca



138/285



Tel : 84-8-8654086

QUY TRNH HON THI N GI NG

QUY TRNH HON THIN GING

1. Trm xi mng ct ng chng khai thc


139/285


2. Bn m va

3. Lp t thit b khai thc

4. Gi dng sn phm

CC CT NG CHNG

Cc loi ng (Tubulars)


140/285


ng chng

Trung gianProductionCasing ng chngb mt ng chngnh hng

CHNG NG KHAI THC

Mt s b phn ca ng chng


141/285


CC DNG C NH TM


142/285


CC DNG C NO


143/285


VNG XOY V GI TRM


144/285


H CT NG CHNG KHAI THC

+ Cn h ct ng cng nhanh cng tt, nhng vn tc th ct ng cngb hn ch ty theo p lc d m n gy ln y v thnh ging khoan.

+ Khi h ct ng n y, c th iu chnh thnh phn dung dch tun


145/285


g y p g

hon ng thi thao tc nng th ct ng chng lm cho cc dng

c no thnh ging khoan hot ng. Vic tun hon dung dch dng

li khi:

- Dung dch khng cn nng mn khoan ln na

- Lng kh t v khng thay i

- Khng c hin tng mt dung dch v xm nhp ca cht lng

- Ton b th tch dung dch khoan tun hon l ng nht

QUY TRNH TRM XI MNG

Trm xi mng l t va xi mng thch hp trong khongkhng hnh xuyn gia thnh ging khoan v lp lt thnh

ging mt chiu su xc nh C nhiu cch trm xi mng


146/285


ging mt chiu su xc nh. C nhiu cch trm xi mng

khc nhau:

- Trm xi mng lt thnh ging hoc ct ng

- Trm xi mng di psut gi l trm ln cht qua cc l c

thng ng

- t cc nt trm xi mng ging khoan trn

CC GIAION TRM XI MNG

- Trm xi mng s cp

- Trm xi mng hai tng


147/285


- Trm xi mng ct ng chng lng

- p xi mng

- t cc nt trm xi mng

Khi tin hnh trm xi mng, cnch n nhng c tnh

ca xi mng v chn va xi mng ph hp.

BN M VA

Sau khi trm xi mng ct ng chng khai thc, tng cha b ct

ng chng v vnh xi mng bt kn, nn phi tin hnh bn m

va.


148/285


Phng php bn m va ph bin nht l dng n n to psut

C th th thit b bn m va bng cp hoc cn khoan trc khi

lp t thit b lng ging khai thc, hay th sng bn m va bngcp vo trong ng khai thc, hoc gn trc tip vo u ct ng

khai thc. Phng php ny cho php tin hnh khai thc nu

dng chy c thit lp ngay sau qu trnh bn m va m khng

phi dp ging v sau lp t thit b khai thc lng ging

QUY TRNH BN M VA

Gm ba giai on:

1. Sng bn m va c h i din tng sn phm


149/285


1. Sng bn m va c h i din tng sn phm

2. Kch n

3. Dng cht lu t va chy vo ging

BN M VA


150/285


BN M VA


151/285


BN M VA


152/285


V TR BN M VA

V tr bn m va thng c xc nh nh sau:

- Khi va cha du c tng nc y, nn m va phn


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trn (nc) ca i sn phm

- Khi va cha du c m kh, nn m va phn gn y

ca i sn phm

- Khi va cha du va c m kh v tng nc y, nn

m va phn gia ca i sn phm

LP T THIT B KHAI THC

- Sau khi hon tt cng vic bn m va, mt ct ngng knh nh (ct ng khai thc) s c lp vo

ging lm ng dn du t y ging ln b mt


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ging lm ng dn du t y ging ln b mt

- Packerc t gia ct khai thc v ct ng chng

khai thc ngay trn nc tng sn phm gip cho chtlu khai thc chy t thnh h qua cc l bn m va

vo trong ct ng khai thc v i l n b mt.

LP T NG KHAI THC


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PACKER


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LP T U GING KHAI THC

u ging khai thc c lp t pha trn b u ngchng. Ct ng khai thc trong ging c treo t cy

thng khai thc sao cho sn phm khai thc chy theo


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thng khai thc sao cho sn phm khai thc chy theo

ct ng khai thc vo cy thng khai thc.

Sn phm khai thc c th c kim sot nh cc vantit lu lp trn cy thng khai thc

LP T U GING KHAI THC

Cy thng khai thc (Christmas Trees)u ng khai thc v thit b treo(Tubing Heads and Hangers)


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LP T VAN TIT LU

Van tit lu (Beans and Chokes)


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Tel : 84-8-8654086

HON THI N GI NG KHAI THC

NI DUNG

+ Phn loi+ Cc phng php hon thin


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+ Tnh ton thit k+ Dung dch hon thin ging

+ Bn mva+ Gi dng sn phm

PHN LOI

+ Theo s tng khai thc: n tng, a tng

+ Theo s cn khai thc: Cn n, cn i, cn ba

+ Theo b mt phn cch gia y ging v tng sn phm:

. Hon thin ging thn trn


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. Hon thin ging thn trn

. Hon thin ging vi ng lc v chn si

. Hon thin ging vi ng chng, trm xi mng v bn mva

+ Theo phng php khai thc:

. T phun

. Cc phng php chc:- Gaslift

- Bm ly tm in chm- Bm cn ht- Bm pittng thu lc

H S HON THIN GING

- tnh ton tn tht p sut gy rabi cng tc hon thin ging, h s

hon thin c b sung ging vo

Flowing WellheadPressure Horizontal Flowline

Gas Sales

Separator

Stock Tank


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phng trnh dng vo:

PR

Pwf

= A.q0

+ B.q0

2

PR2 Pwf2 = A.qsc + B.qsc2Flow ThroughPorus Media

P, K, IPR

Intake

Vertical or InclinedTubing

')/472.0[ln(.)(.00708.0

00

00

SrrBpphkqwe

wfr

+=

H S HON THIN GING


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A : h s chy tng

B : h s chy ri

')/472.0[ln(..)(.10.703 226

SrrTZ

pphkq

weg

wfrg

sc+

=

A = AR+ AP + AG

B = BR+ BP + BG

H S HON THIN GING


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AR, BR: cc thnh phn chy tng v ri trong vaAP, BP: cc thnh phn chy tng v ri trong l bn

AG, BG : cc thnh phn chy tng v ri trong ln si

HON THIN GING THN TRN

- ng chng t trn nc ca tng sn phm, thnh hkhng trm xi mng v khng bn mva


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- Thch hp vi tng sn phm c chiu dy ln, cu to

bi loi cng, vng chc khng b sp l

- Cc u nhc im (tham kho C s khoan & khai

thc d u kh)

H THNG IM NT

1

3 P 3-1 = P wh - P sep )


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6 8

Node Location

1 Separator3 Wellhead6 Pwf8 Pr

P 6-3 = (P wf - P wh )

P 8-6 = (P r- P wf)

nh hng ca qu trnh hon thin ging n c tnhdng chy l lm thay i h s thm ca va do b

H S HON THIN GING


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nhim bn hoc c kch thch

i vi du: AR=

i vi kh: AR=

d

w

e

R

S

r

r

hk

B+

472.0[ln

.

.2.141

0

00

d

w

e

gR

gS

r

r

hk

TZ+

472.0[ln

.

..2.141

Sd = (kR/kd -1)ln(rd/rw)koR: thm khng i ca va i vi du

kgR: thm khng i ca va i vi kh

H S HON THIN GING


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Sd: h s skin do thay i thm xung quanh gingkR: thm ca va

kD: thm ca vng nhim bn

rw: bn knh ging

rd: bn knh vng b nhim bn

Ta tnh BRt cc phng trnh sau:

i vi du: BR=R

rh

B

.

..103.22

020

14

H S HON THIN GING


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i vi kh: BR=

H s vn tc

w

w

gR

rh

TZ

.

...10161.32

12

2,1

101033.2

RR k

=

HON THIN BNG NG CHNG LNG, C LV LN SI

- Trong va trm tch, xi mng gn kt gia cc ht yu dn nn

ct s theo dng sn phm vo ging

-S dng ng chng lng c c l i din vi tng sn phm

- Vnh xuyn gia thn ging v ng lng c ln y ct th


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hn ct va

- Hu ht cc ging c ln si c thm cao do tnh khng

gn kt t nhin ca si ln

- Si ln lm gim tn tht p sut do vng nn p gy ra xung

quanh l lc

- Sau mt thi gian khai thc, tn tht p sut ca dng chy dc

theo nhng l lc b lp y ct s tng ng k

1

23

4

1A

1B

H THNG IM NT


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5

6 7 8

Node Location Remarks

1 Separator2 Surface Choke Functional3 Wellhead4 Safety Valve Functional5 Restriction Functional6 Pwf

7 Pwfs8 Pr1A Gas Sales1B Stock Tank

H S HON THIN GING

- i vi du: AG=

BG= 4200

214 .102.9

P

G

N

LB

200

....4.282

PG rNkLB


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- i vi kh: AG=

N: tng s l bn BG=

kG: thm ca si ln

L: chiu di knh dn ca l bn

. PrN

2

..

..2844

PG

G

rNk

LZ

42

11

.

...10263.1

P

gG

rN

LTZ

55.,010747.1

G

Gk

=

Chiu di knh dn bng hiu gia bn knh gingkhoan v bn knh ngoi ca ng lc (hay bn knh

H S HON THIN GING


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ging khoan tr bn knh trong ca ng chng). phn tch cng tc hon thin ging bng ng lc c

ln si, cn tch hai thnh phn tn tht p sut trongva v tn tht dc theo lp si ln:

PR Pwf= PR- Pwfs + (Pwfs- Pwf)

Phng trnh biu din hai loi tn tht p sut ny

c dng:

i vi du: PR

- Pf

= AR

.q0

+ GR

.q0

2

H S HON THIN GING


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R wfs R 0 R 0Pwfs- Pwf= AG.q0 + BG.q02

i vi kh: PR2- Pwfs2 = AR.qsc + BR.qsc2

Pwfs2- Pwf2 = AG.qsc + BG.qsc2

HON THIN GING BNG NG CHNG, TRMXI MNG V BN MVA

- Chiu di ng chng khai thc c t sut thnh h v xi mng phi c

lp y khong khng vnh xuyn gia ng chng v thnh ging khoan

- Cho php chn la tng cn bn mva

- Dng cho ging su, thnh h yu v km bn vng

V t ht l h hi t b Hi


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- Vn quan trng nht l xc nh hiu sut bn mva. Hiu qu ca cngtc hon thin ph thuc vo: s lng l bn, kch thc v chiu su l bn ,

kiu l bn, gc pha

- S nn p ca thnh h xung quanh l bn sau khi bn va c th lm gimng k hiu qu hon thin ging

- Cn xc nh chnh xc khong bn mva, trnh cc vng c thnh h qu

yu hoc khng c sn phm, trnh dng cht lu khng mong mun chy vo

Hiu qu ca cng tc hon thin ging ph thuc vo c va v l

bn

PR Pwf (AR + AP) + (BR + BP) 02

H S HON THIN GING


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PR- Pwf= (AR+ AP) + (BR+ BP)q0

PR2 Pwf2 = (AR+ AP)qsc + (BR+ BP)qsc2

Thnh phn chy tng trong l bn bao gm nh hng ca mt

v kiu l bn, nh hng ca s nn cht xung quanh l bn.

Nhng nh hng ny c tnh n trong cc phng trnh:

Pwh

Gas Sales

Separator

Stock Tank

P1 = (Pr - Pwfs) = Loss in Porus Medium

P5

P8

P6

P DSV

P USV

Psep

P4

H THNG IM NT


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P1 (Pr Pwfs) Loss in Porus Medium P2 = (Pwfs - Pwf) = Loss across Completion P3 = (P UR - P DR ) = Loss across Restriction P4 = (P USV - P DSV ) = Loss across Safety Valve P5 = (Pwh - P DSC ) = Loss across Surface Choke P6 = (P DSC - Psep) = Loss in Flowline P7 = (Pwf - Pwh) = Total Loss in Tubing P8 = (Pwh - Psep) = Total Loss in Flowline

PwfsPwfP2

Pr

P UR

P DR

P3

P1

P

P7

i vi du: AP =

i vi kh: AP =

)0

00

(.

.2141dpP

RSShk

B

+

)(..2141

dpP

gR

gSS

hk

TZ+

H S HON THIN GING


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Khi bit thm dc: SP =

h: chiu di tng cng ca va, ft

hp: chiu di khang bn mva, ft

kR thm ca va theo phng ngang, mdK: thm dc, md

.gR hk

2ln1

5.0

v

R

wP k

k

r

h

h

h

DNG CHY DC THEO VNG B NN P

SdP=

h chiu dy tng cng ca va ft

P

dP

d

R

dP

R

P r

r

k

k

k

k

NL

hln

.


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h chiu dy tng cng ca va, ftLp chiu di l bn, ft

N: tng s l bn

kR: thm va, mdkdp: thm vng b nn p, md

rP: bn knh l bn, in

rdP: bn knh vng b nn p, in

- Phn tn tht p sut ln nht dc theo l bn l do

dng chy ri qua vng b nn p. Cc phng trnh:

020141032 BdP

DNG CHY DC THEO VNG B NN P


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+i vi du:BP =

+ i vi kh: BP =

+ H s vn tc:

22202014

....103.2

NLr

B

PP

dP

22

12

.....10161.3

NLr

TZ

PP

gdP

2.,1

10

1033.2dP

dPk

=

VA XI MNG

Ph thuc vo:

Nhit tnh y ging khoan quy nh thi gian ng cng (thigian c th bm phun xi mng)

Nhit tun hon y ging khoan (s lm thay i thi gian ngcng)

T trng ph thuc vo p lc a tnh ca mt s tng t khoanqua


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T trng ph thuc vo p lc a tnh ca mt s tng t khoanqua nht do ca va v c tnh lc ca n Cc thng s lu bin ca va Thi gian ng cng v gia tng bn chu nn bn ca xi mng v cc nhn t khc nhau c th lm h hi n

(nc va n mn, nhit cao)- Va s dng ch yu gm xi mng v nc, c thm mt s cht ph gia- Chng loi xi mng s dng tu thuc vo chiu su v nht l nhit

y ging khoan v c th tip xc vi nc va n mn- Cc loi xi mng v iu kin s dng (xem sch C s khoan v khai thcd u kh)

HIN TNG NGM NC CA XI MNG

- Qu trnh: bt u t thnh phn khan vi cc cht km n nh ri ti cc chtn nh hn.

- Khi lng nc khng , cc thnh phn ny kt tinh li v to ra s ho tan

mi ca cc thnh phn khan. Nh vy s xy ra s lin kt dn dn ca cc

ti h th h h ki h khi t b h th


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tinh th hnh kim cho n khi ng cng ton b h thng.

- Mt s yu t tc ng n s ngm nc ca xi mng:

Nhit : nh hng rt ln n vn tc ngm nc ca xi mng. Khi

nhit tng s lm gim thi gian ng cng xi mng

p lc: s ngm nc tng theo p lc

SNHIM BN

- Xy ra trong qu trnh trn vi nc dng hoc trn ln vi cc

cht lng c trong ging khoan

- Mi s thay i tnh cn bng trong pha c nc do b sung m

khng kim tra cc nguyn t tan c hoc khng tan u tc


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khng kim tra cc nguyn t tan c hoc khng tan u tc

ng n vic ngm nc ca xi mng nh NaOH, Na2CO3

Na2SiO3 lm tng nhanh qu trnh ng cng (kh c th d onc)

CC CHT PH GIA

- Cht lm ng nhanh: lm tng nhanh qu trnh ng cng xi mng nhit

thp hoc khc phc hiu ng lm ng chm ca cc cht ph gia khc, cho php

gim thi gian ch i trc khi khoan tip

- Cht lm ng chm: lm chm qu trnh ng cng ca xi mng, tng thi gian

bm va khi nhit y ging cao hoc hiu ng ca cht ph gia khc c nguy


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y g g g p g g yclm gim ng k thi gian bm va vo ging

- Cht lm nh: khi trn vi xi mng th gy hiu ng lm gim t trng va ng

thi gim gi thnh nhng nh hng n thi gian ng cng v sc khng nnca xi mng nn phi khc phc bng cc cht ph gia thch hp

- Cc cht kim sot lc: lm va khng mt nc do lc qua cc tng thm

nhng c th gy ra s ng cng khng ng lc hoc ng cng do thiu nccn thit thu phn v kt tinh cc thnh phn ca xi mng

C L NG CHNG TRONG GING

C th s dng 1 trong 4 phng php sau:+ n

+ Mn (n lm)


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+ Mn (n lm)+ Tia xuyn

+ Tia thu lc - ct

C BNG N

Loi n c tc dng bn tng lot: to p lc 700KG/cm2

v nhit lm vic l 1270C Loi nccha thuc n nhm gia tng kh nng c

mv hiu qu bn va dy

Loi nc tcdng bn ni tip: gim tc ng cap lc ln ng chng v gi ng chng khi b bin


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Loi nc tcdng bn ni tip: gim tc ng cap lc ln ng chng v gi ng chng khi b bindngvnt v

Loi cc tcdng bn tch bit: ch bn tng vin

theo th t nh. Loi n ny c s dng bnva sn phm mng v gia chng c xen k bi cctng cha nc hoc cha st

c bng n c s dng cho t khng qu cng vvnh xi mng xung quanh ng chng yu

C BNG MN HAY N LM

- Loi n lm khc vi cc loi n k trn l thay th u nbng u lm (ng li) c tc dng n chm

- u n lm phng ra c ct ng chng v vnh trm xi mng


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p g g g gri tip tc i su vo va n v to thnh nhng khe rnh ph

Bn mn nhng lp t cht st v c thm thp

C BNG TIA XUYN

- c bng tia xuyn, cht to n v c sc xuyn rt mnh

- Vn tc ca nhng tia n khong 8000- 10000 m/s vi p lc

khong 300 triu KG/cm2


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g

- Loi tia xuyn cho php to nhng khe su vo va nn bo m

tng thm

S dng tt nht cho loi cng, thm km.

C BNG TIA THY LC - CT

- Nc trn ct c tnh mi mn cao c bm qua vi phun ca tht b vi p

sut t 1500- 3000 KG/cm2

- Ming ca thit b phun ct c ch to t hp k im r t cng chng mi

mn. ng knh ca vi phun khong 3 6 mm

- Ct c ng knh t 0.2 1.2 mmT l ct trong nuc t 50 200 g/l (lng ct khong 8 10 tn/ln x l)


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- T l ct trong nuc t 50 200 g/l (lng ct khong 8 10 tn/ln x l)

- Vn tc c l ct ng chng v t 0.6 0.9 mm/s

-K h ibn thu lc ct, thit b ming ging khi lm vic phi t ti 70 MPa v

my bm trm xi mng c cng sut ln p hn hp cht lng ct

- Nhc im ca phng php bn tia thu lc c t l cn khi lng thit b

k thut c cng sut ln v cng tc chun b v tin hnh trn quy m ln, s

lng ngi tham gia nhiu nn chi ph rt cao (t c p dng)

GI DNG SN PHM V QU TRNH KHI NGGING

Ph thuc vo cc yu t:+ su ca ging v p sut ca va

+ Tnh cht ca du hoc kh c trong va


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g+ c tnh vt l ca t v mc bn vng ca

chng v cu trc ging.+ Thit b k thut sn c

CC PHNG PHP

+ Gim t trng ct dung dch trong ging bng cch thay

dung dch nh hn nh nc, du, cht lng to bt, cht lng

ngm kh

+ H ht l t i h kh h


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+ H mc cht lng trong ging: nhmy nn kh hoc my

bm su, pittng hoc gu mc

+ Kt hp c 2 phng php

(xem C s khoan v khai thc d u kh)


GI NG A NHNH


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Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc HoEmail : [email protected]

Tel : 84-8-8654086

GI NG A NHNH

NOI DUNG

Tong quan ve gieng a nhanh Phn loai ging a nhanh

Cong nghe hoan thien gieng a nhanh


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Cong nghe hoan thien gieng a nhanh Ket luan

Khai niem

Gieng a nhanh (multilateral well) gom mot thangieng chnh vi nhieu nhanh phat trien va keo dait than gieng chnh

Than gieng chnh (thang ng hoac nam ngang) cong knh ln se c khoan en chieu sau xac h


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gnh

Cac gieng nhanh c khoan nh hng xuat phat

t than gieng chnh en chieu sau thiet ke, co thecung nam trong 1 thanh he hay trong nhng tangsan pham khac nhau

Gieng a nhanh co the la s ket hp gia giengkhoan nh hng va gieng khoan ngang

Minh hoa cua gieng a nhanh


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Lch s hnh thanh va phat trien gieng a nhanh

Cac ky s khoan cua Nga a th

nghiem gieng a nhanh au tien tnhng nam 1950.- Ngay nay, vi nhng he thong

chuan giup xac nh chinh xac cacoi tng ap dung cong nghe khoan


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oi tng ap dung cong nghe khoangieng a nhanh, s tien bo cua

cong nghe che tao vat lieu, ky thuathoan thien, s thong nhat ve cachphan loai a a cong nghegieng a nhanh tr nen rat phobien tren toan the gii. Mat cat ng cua gieng a

nhanh au tien tren the gii

Li ch cua gieng a nhanh

Li ch ve ky thuat

- Tang s tiep xuc vi va

- Tang o lien thong gia cac va b cach ly

- Tang hieu suat quetGi h h h h


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- Giam s hnh thanh mu nc

- Giam hien tng sinh cat

- Tham do hieu qua vung co cau truc a chat phc tap

- Giam thieu cac yeu to tac ong moi trng

Li ch cua gieng a nhanh

Li ch ve kinh te

- Co the c phat trien t gieng thong thng san co

- oi vi cac gieng khoan tren at lien, giam dien tch vathiet

b be mat


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- oi vi cac gieng khoan ngoai bien, giam so lng subsea,giam trong lng va cong suat cho cac cong trnhbien

- Chuyen cac mo can bien thanh cac mo thong thng

- Giam chi ph van hanh va phat trien mo

Kho khan thng gap

Kho khan ve ky thuat

- Ky thuat khoan va hoan thien gieng phc tap

- Mot so loai gieng khong phu hp cho cong tac can thiepgieng ve sau: lam sach, kch thch, kiem soat cat

- Kiem soat gieng trong qua trnh khoan va khai thac phctap


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tap

- Nhay cam oi vi at a khong ong nhat va d hng

Kho khan ve kinh te- Chi ph khoan gieng ban au cao hn so vi gieng ngang,

va gieng thong thng

- Xac suat rui ro cao hn gieng thong thng- Phai xac nh va la chon oi tng thch hp

oi tng ung dung cua gieng a nhanh

- Cac va dau nang- Cac va co o tham thap va cac khe nt t nhien

- Cac i phan lp hay nhng thanh he khong ong nhat

- Cac va b cach ly thanh tng ngan


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y g g

- Cac va ve tinh

Nhng van e can can nhac khi la chon giai phapkhoan va hoan thien gieng a nhanh

- La chon he thong gieng a nhanh thch hp- Phan tch nhng rui ro co the xay ra

- Cong nghe khoan nh hng

- Nhng van e trong ieu hanh thi cong gieng


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- Tnh on nh va ac iem cua at a trong thanh henhanh khoan gieng

- Anh hng tnh bat ong nhat va bat ang hng cuahanh he

- Ky thuat hoan thien gieng phu hp

- D oan ve dong san pham trong toan bo gieng anhanh

Phan loai gieng a nhanh

Phan loai theo mc o phc tapDa theo mc o phc tap cua gieng (ni tiep xuc giathan chnh va than nhanh) th he thong gieng a nhanh

c chia lam 6 cap o:


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Cap 1 : ca than gieng chnh va than nhanh eu lagieng than tran, khong co ong loc lng hoac au noi renhanh

Gieng c s dung trong thanh he co ket vng chac,

ac biet la tai ni re nhanh. Kha nang can thiep vaogieng va kiem soat dong chay la rat han che


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Cap 3 : Ve c ban tng t nh loai gieng cap 2, nhng nhanh

ben cung chong ong nhng khong tram xi mang.- Ong chong lng hay ong loc c a vao nhanh ben va neotrong than chnh nh au treo ong chong lng

- Loai gieng nay khong co kha nang cach ly mot cach chu ong


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gia than chnh va than nhanh, nhng no ket noi kha hieu quagia than nhanh va than chnh so vi loai gieng cap 2

- Loai gieng nay thch hp e khai thac ket hp cac tangcarbonate hay cac thanh he cat ket


Cap 4 : Than gieng chnh va than nhanh eu c chongong va tram xi mang

- Ong chong lng trong than nhanh c tram xi mang lien

vao than chnh tao o ben c hoc rat caoL i i h h h h h


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- Loai gieng nay thch hp cho cac tang san pham co ap suatthap

- Gieng cap 4 khong co kha nang ngan cach ap suat, nhngco the can thiep vao gieng chnh lan nhanh ben thuan li

hn


Cap 5: Loai gieng nay la s ket hp cua gieng cap 3 va 4

- Co cac thiet b cach ly ap suat tai ni tiep xuc gia ong

chong trong than chnh va ong lng than nhanh

- Loai gieng nay thch hp cho khai thac cac tang san pham


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rieng biet co ap suat cao hay iem re nhanh nam trong tang

san pham can co nhng thiet b ngan ap suat hay phan tachchat lu va tap chat c hoc trong va

- Kha nang can thiep vao gieng la de dang


Cap 6: Loai gieng nay co kha nang ngan cach ap suat bangchnh ban than ong chong c tram xi mang cach ly ma

khong s dung cac thiet b hoan thien

-Loai gieng cap 6 thch hp cho cac va can ngan ap suat vi


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-Loai gieng cap 6 thch hp cho cac va can ngan ap suat vi

ong chong co ng knh ln, tai nhng vung bien sau- o chenh ap tai au re nhanh se rat khac nhau, phu thuoc

vao kieu cung nh kch thc cua au noi


Cap 6S : la loai gieng co mc phc tap cao hn cap 6

- Dung thiet b au noi re nhanh ac biet chia than gieng

chnh ng knh ln thanh 2 than gieng nhanh nho hn vaco kch thc bang nhau


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- Ve mat cau truc hoan thien gieng th cap 6S co o phctap cao nhat. Nhng ben canh o cap 6S lai co kha nang

cach ly ap suat va thuy lc cao nhat


Phan loai theo chc nang

- Da vao 2 yeu to: cac mo ta ve than gieng va mo ta au

noi - Cach phan loai nay mo ta ve nhng ac tnh ky thuat

cua than gieng chnh va than gieng nhanh


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Cac bo dung cu o

Thiet b o log trong khi khoan (LWD)

Thiet b nay o cac thong so ve a chat, ac tnh vatly cua at a thanh he ang khoan qua (o bao hoahydrocacbon, thanh phan thach hoc)

So lieu LWD c dung e anh gia tr lng va, chatlng thanh he


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g

Thiet b o trong khi khoan (MWD)

Thiet b nay o cac thong so nh: goc phng v, gocnghieng, goc doc Hai thong so c ban la goc phngv va goc nghieng cua lo khoan se giup ieu chnh

choong khoan i theo quy ao a thiet ke mot cachhieu qua

Cau truc cua bo dung cu ay


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CONG NGHE

HOAN THIEN GIENG A NHANH


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Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc HoEmail : [email protected]

Tel : 84-8-8654086

Khai niem va ac iem

Hoan thien gieng bao gom nhng cong tac noi tiep nhau ke

t khi ket thuc qua trnh khoan en khi co the a gieng vaokhai thac. Nhng cong tac c ban bao gom:

Chong ong khai thac en v tr thiet ke tai noc tang

san pham Tram xi mang vao oan ong chong a at


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Tram xi mang vao oan ong chong a at

Lap at cac thiet b cong nghe can thiet phuc vu chocong tac khai thac

Goi dong san pham, tao kenh dan cho chat lu t va

chay vao ay gieng vi lu lng thch hp

Cac phng phap hoan thien gieng a nhanh

Cac phng phap va thiet b hoan thien thong thng

- Trong hoan thien gieng a nhanh th viec hoan thien cac nhanh bencung rat quan trong. Co 3 phng phap e hoan thien cac than nhanhcua gieng a nhanh ket hp vi he thong cac au noi re nhanh:

Than nhanh ben co the c hoan thien than tran Chong ong va tram xi mang va ban m va ong chong

hi i kh i h l l i l h i


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Hoan thien vi cac ong khai thac uc lo co li loc chen soi

- Ngay nay trong hau het cac gieng a nhanh, moi lien ket gia thannhanh va than chnh eu da tren chat lng cua xi mang tram e taonen nhng s ket noi tot vi kha nang cach ly cao.

- Khi hoan thien gieng ket hp s dung nhng he thong au noi re

nhanh nay th se tranh c hien tng suy giam ng knh trong theocac cap ong chong va khai thac


Vi nhng gieng co than gieng nhanh nho hn hoac bang 6

inch th he thong thiet b hoan thien gieng bao gom:

He thong ban m lo tren ong chong van hanh thong

qua coiled tubing au treo ong lng


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au treo ong lng

Packer khai thac Thiet b kiem soat dong chay


He thong ban m va: nhng manh vun cua qua trnh ban m va co the

giam o tham hieu dung dan en viec han che dong chay. Vi viec sdung he thong ban m va di can bang c tha bang tubing 2 1/8inch se giam thieu kha nang lam nhieu ban tang san pham.

Kiem soat dong chay : he thong bao gom cac ong trt (sliding sleeves),nipple, va cac nut can van hanh tren tubing hay coiled tubing vi apsuat va nhiet o len en 10.000 psi va 450oF. Cac thiet b nay co the at


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p y tai bat c v tr nao trong than nhanh va co the thu hoi c

Thiet b loc cat : co the lap at trong cac than nhanh nam ngang, thangieng nhanh co ban knh cong nho, phuc hoi hay x ly gieng

Mot so thiet b hoan thien than nhanh tien tien

Expandable Completion Liner (ECL)

- Tang tnh on nh cua thanh gieng, tao kha nang cach ly va x ly cuc bo nhngoan gieng xac nh.- Cho phep can thiep vao gieng vi kha nang quan ly va hieu qua hn.- ECL c ket hp vi he thong treo ong lng (Liner Hanger System) va da trennguyen tac gian n ong nh ap suat thuy lc. ECL co the gian n trong khoang t2 7/8 inch cho en 5 inch tuy theo ong chuan ban au.- Viec ng dung ECL trong khai thac la giam c lng nc va xam nhap vatang san lng khai thac


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tang san lng khai thac-Thiet b ECL thch hp cho cac gieng a nhanh co ng knh nho (van hanh

kho khan hn so vi gieng thong thng)- ECL s dung trong gieng a nhanh khong b gii han bi chieu sau va o daicua than nhanh trong tang san pham. He thong ECL giup cc ai hoa ngknh trong cua cac thiet b khai thac, nh vay toi u hoa c qua trnh khai thacsau nay

Mot so thiet b hoan thien than nhanh tien tien

EXPressTM Expandable ScreenS

He thong thiet b cua Baker Hughes giup tiet kiem chi ph hoan thien gieng anhanh. ExpressTM ap dung trong gieng a nhanh than tran se giup cho gieng conhng ac tnh ky thuat nh la gieng c chong ong suot va tram xi mang. Hethong ac biet nay ket hp ong loc cat co kha nang gian n (expandable sandcontrol isolation) vi au noi cach ly cuc bo ng vi kha nang gian n (solid

expandable zonal isolation) va cung c tha vao ay than gieng nhanh.u iem cua he thong nay la:

Ch so san pham khai thac tot hn


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p Tang tuoi tho cho gieng

Ngan nga s h hai cua thanh he Giam dong chay va giam ap trong vanh xuyen Tang o ben va o on nh cua thanh gieng Co the hoan thien gieng vi ng knh trong ln hn nen gieng a

nhanh khai thac se hieu qua hn, tao kha nang cach ly cuc bo Co the s dung dung dch hoan thien gieng goc dau hay goc nc

Cong nghe hoan thien gieng a nhanh cac cap

Gieng cap 1: vao nhng nam 1980, khi cong nghe khoan ngang phat

trien th kieu hoan thien gieng a nhanh cap 1 tr nen pho bien. Khongcan cac thiet b m ca so ong chong, ong lng, cac thiet b kiem soatdong chay khai thac va cung khong c tram xi mang.

Gieng cap 2: kieu hoan thien gieng cap 2 thong dung nhat la at ong

trt (sliding sleeve) gia packer nh hng va packer th hai pha trenv tr re nhanh- Kha nang tach dong t cac gieng nhanh cung la u iemcua kieu hoan thien nay


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cua kieu hoan thien nay.

- Neu can kha nang can thiep vao cac nhanh th thay v s dung ongtrt co the s dung nipple. Thiet b nay lam oi hng trong ong khaithac se c at trong nipple nay (hnh a). Coiled tubing sau o co thelam viec thong qua nipple e phuc vu cong tac sa gieng.

Ngoai ra co the s dung mang xien flow through va ong lng co nhngranh dai c at nhanh tren thong ca so ong chong (hnh b).

Hoan thien gieng cap 2


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Gieng cap 3: ong chong lng c tram

xi mang va c noi vao than giengchnh a chong ong va tram xi mangcung vi mang xien, sau o tien hanhra gieng va thu hoi mang xien.

- Cac than nhanh c hoan thienbang cac he thong cho phep can thiep


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vao gieng hay he thong ong trt co

cung ac tnh ky thuat nh gieng cap 2pha tren.

- Quy trnh tram xi mang va ra ong

chong lng la mot phan trong quy trnhlap at he thong au noi re nhanh


Gieng cap 4 : e hoan thien gieng a nhanh cap 4 gom 2 nhanh rieng

biet, 1 packer cach ly c at trong ong chong lng cua than nhanh-Thiet b hoan thien re nhanh 2 than kep (dual-bore diverter tool) cat tren packer nh hng

- 1 nhanh cua thiet b gan vi packer nh hng trong than giengchnh, nhanh con lai hng vao than nhanh va noi vao packer cach lythuy lc


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221 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oC

cong nghe khai thac dau khi

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