cong nghe ki khi

5/19/2018 Cong Nghe Ki Khi

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CNG NGH K KHX L CHT THI RN

Le Thi Kim Oanh, PhD


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Phnhy kkhcht thi hu c

Con ng i n giiphpKHNG CHT THI


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Gii thiu

Qu trnh phn hy k kh l g ?

L qu trnh phn hy cht hu c nh visinh vt trong mi trng khng c oxy tdo.


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Qu trnh phnhy k khs hiu qu hnnu phi trn CTR sinhhot hu c vi mtviloi cht thi hu c khcnh: bn: septic, t trm XLNT,

nc thi, phn heo, phn b.


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Vic phi trn hn hp CTR k kh

phi tun theo qui nh ca nhnc trnhkh nng tcht mt sthnhphn khng mongmun.

Vd: Tch t kim loi nng,

Tch t nit.


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Thnh phn Rc sinh hot Bn t trm xl n. thi

Cht thi nngnghip

Cht thi t ccnh my nng sthc phm

CH4 % vol 50-60 60-75 60-75 68

CO2 % vol 38-34 33-19 33-19 26

N2 % vol 5-0 1-0 1-0 -

O2 % vol 1-0 < 0,5 < 0,5 -

H2O % vol 6 ( 40 C) 6 ( 40 C) 6 ( 40 C) 6 ( 40 C)

Total % vol 100 100100

100

H2S mg/m3 100 - 900 1000 - 4000 3000 10 000 400

NH3 mg/m3 - - 50 - 100 -

Aromatic mg/m3 0 - 200 - - -

Organochlorinated or

organofluorated mg/

m3

100-800 - -

Thnhphnb iogas


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Loi khBiogas 1

t rc sinh hot

Biogas 2T rc nh my nng

snKh ga thin nhin

Thnh phn

60% CH4

33 % CO21% N20% O2

6% H2O

68% CH4

26 % CO21% N20% O2

5 % H2O

97,0% CH4

2,2% C20,3% C30,1% C40,4% N2

PCS kWh/m3 6,6 7,5 11,3

PCI kWh/m3 6,0 6,8 10,3

Density 0,93 0,85 0,57

Mass (kg/m3) 1,21 1,11 0,73

Indiex of

Wobbe(kWh/m3)

6,9 8,1 14,9

PCS: Poder Calorifior Superior PCI: Poder Colorifior Inferior

Wobbe index: gross calorific value.


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u im ca cng ngh kkh

Gim khi cht thi (50 - 75%);SX biogas (80 200 m3/ tn t).

Thu hi dinh dng c u th cao so viCN l t/ BCL trong khun kh ca nhhng pht trin bn vng;

Sn xut compost:

50% khi lng cht hu c u vo

25-30% khi lng CTRSH cha phn loi;


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th khi XL CTR h


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u thcao khi XL CTR hu c c m cao;Nhucu s dng t thp hn BCL/compost;C hi tis dng caohn (cht thi tich,

biogas, compost);Hn chphtthi CO2 caohn compost/BCL;Hiu qu cao CDM, JCM (Joint Crediting

Mechanism)


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JCM- Joint Crediting Mechanism

Purpose of JCM

To facilitate diffution of low carbontechnologies

To evaluate GHG emission reductions

To contribute to the ultimate objective of theUNFCCC

Advantage of JCM Simple procedure, short processing time

Applied to broader areas with co-benefits,including energy saving, transport,wastewater and waste management

Applied to various countries


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Nhc im ca qu trnh kkh

Kh cth phnhy lignin- l thnhphn

chnh c trong ccloi CT t g;Cn vn u tcao, chi phvn hnh v

bo trln hn cngngh compost;

Qu trnh k khphc tp hn, i hi kthut vn hnhtt hn so vi cngnghcompost;


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CHC sau qu trnh PHKK thng cha nnh;Cht hu c sau k kh c mi hithi,

nh hng n mitrng, gy khkhn

cho cc cngon xltip theo;Qu trnh phnhy k khcht thi rn

hu c kht hiu qu v kh nng

khVSV gybnh;


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Cng nghphn hy kkh

Cht thi rn sinh hot hn hp

Phn loi, ct, phi trn

k kh

Cht hu c sau x l k khHn hp biogas

Tch bi, nc, kh acid hiu kh

Kh nng lng (biogas) Compost


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Gm 3 giaion:(1) Tin x l- phn loi cht thi, phi trn cht

thi;

(2) Qu trnh phn hy sinh hc k kh nh vi

sinh vt;(3) Hu x l- compost hoc x l cht thi

phn hy k kh.


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1. Giaion tin xl

Phnloi cht thi;Lmt cngon phc tp, c bit i

vi hn hp CTRSH ca TPHCM;Ct;Phi trn;Hiu chnh: m, pH, t l C/Nc bit CN k kh khdng m: cth

cht thi hn hp cha qua phnloi.


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2. Giaionphn hysinh hc

Phnhy sinhhc;iu kin: Khng c oxy;

pH trung tnh;

Mesophilic (35oC), Thermophilic (55oC);

Hm lng CHCvo: n nh.

Sn phm ch yu: CH4 (50-65%) &CO2(35-50%).


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3. Giaion hu xl

Gm 2 hot ng chnh:(1) Xl kh biogas & phtin. lc bi,tchnc v tch kh acid & phtin;(2) Qu trnh composting SX compost.


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Hi ng Chu u (2006): Phn hy k kh kh cn 78 lt nc v 50-55kW in phn hy 1 tn (t) CTRHC Chu u.

Vi iu kin cc nc nhit i m c m trong cht thi rn cao v nhit mitrng cao v n nh th nhu cu v ncv in s thp hn.

Tng quan v cc qu trnh k kh


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Tng quan v cc qu trnh kkhcht thi rn hu c

Phnloi CN k khda trnsphnbitgia cc qu trnh;1. Qu trnh PHKK t >< k kh kh;2. Qu trnh PHKK dng m >< dng lin

tc;3. Qu trnh PHKK mt giaion >< hai

giaion;

4. Qu trnhPHKK nhit mesophilic(nhit trung bnh 35oC) >< k kh kh

DM> 15%: phnhy KK kh; DM< 15%: phnhy KK t; DM 1% (nc thi) 40%; DM cng cao cng giatng kh nng nh

hng xu n qu trnh PHKK do: gia tng c ch t ammonium;

gia tng c ca cc loi mui.


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Phnhy kkht

Phnhy kkh kh


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Do CTRSHHC c m cao(70%), CN KKn gin nht loi cht thi nyl qu trnh k kh kh.

CN KK khchim: 54% th phn Chu

unm 2000.Kho st 130 nh my trnth gii c

n 67% pdng cngngh k kht.

KK t chohiu qu sinh biogas caohn.

2 Q t h k kh d >


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2. Qu trnh kkhdng m >


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LOGO


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Sn lng & cht lng biogas lintc

n nh.Sn lng biogas dng m thayi

theothi gian, cao trong giaion uvothp dn;

Thnhphn methane trong dng mcangv sau cng cao.

3 Qu trnh k kh mt >


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3. Qu trnh kkhmt>


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k kh hai giai on


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90% cng trnh Chu u c CNKK mt giai

on (De Baere 2000). Do: thit k n gin hn

t gp phi s c vn hnh v

chi ph u t thp.CNKK t mt gon c thit k xl

hn hp CTRSH hu c vi phn heohocbn (R-W-BECK 2004).

Nu ch xl CTRSH hu c th CN ph binc s dng lCN k kh kh, 1 giaion.

4 Qt KK k mesophilic >< thermophilic


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4. Qt KK kmesophilic >< thermophilic

Tc sn xut kh methane ca b phn

hy k khtng khinhit tng; Cc CNKK CTR hu c c pdng ph bin

trnth gii khong nhit mesophilic

Phnhy KK k thermophilic thchhp khi: Cht thi c thi b nhit cao Vic loi b VK gy bnh l mt yu cu quan

trng.

P.hy KK nhit thermophilic cth pdng ti trng hu c cao.


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Qtrnhp.hy k thermophilic khkimsothn v tiutn nhiu nng lng hn tng nhit chob .

Trongnhiu trng hp qt p.hy k

thermophilic khngth thc hin c domt snhm VSV khngth thch nghivik mitrng thermophilic p ng vivic phnhy cchp cht vngthm

cha chlorine hoc vic khchlorine.

hngs k thut ca bncngngh kkhinhnh xlcht thi rn hu c


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Cng ngh Valorga Dranco Kompogas Biocel

Quc gia France Belgium Switzerland Netherlands

H thng Bn lin tc Bn lin tc Bn lin tc M

Tng chtrn, DM (%)

30 15 - 40 DM cao 30 - 40

Khong nhit

MesophilicThermophili

c

Thermophili

cMesophilic

H thngkhuy trn

Khuy trnTnh tin ttrn xung

Tnh tinngang

Khng khuytrn, ch tunhon nc r

rc

Thi gian

phn hy(ngy)

18 - 25 15 - 30 15 - 20 21

Biogas

(m3/tn t)80 - 160 100 - 200 110 - 130 70

Hu x l L t

Sn xutcompost

Sn xutcompost

Sn xutcompost

g g g


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A. DrancoB. KompogasC. Valorga

Cng ngh Biocel


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Cng ngh Biocel

L cngngh k khcht thi rn sinhhot hu c dng m

Ctun honnc r rc.Vn hnh iu kin nhit mesophilic,Tng cht rn l 30-40%.Nh myu tin Lelystad, H Lanvi

cngsut l 50.000 tn cht thi rn hu

c/ nm (khong 150 tn/ngy)


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Nh my Orgaworld


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y g

14 b hnhkhi ch nht, vi th tch

720m3/b (6m x 6m x 20m).Chiu caokhi rc trongb l 4m.Hiu sut ca b l 480m3/b.

y b c lp t h thng thunc rNc r rcc thu gom, lc cn vbm

tun honli trnb mt ca khi rc.Tun honnc gip: kim sot m

nhit trong b 30-40oC.

T l phi trn (95-90%): (5-10%).


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p ( ) ( )H thng xl kh baogm: thit b lc bi,

tch nc v tch kh acid.

Thi gian l 21 ngy.

H thng iu khin t ng, baogm: thit b kim sot m,

nhit ,

pH, c thit b kim tra thnh phn kh v p lc kh

trong b trc khi m np b.

Xem phim: Cngngh AD-Biocel


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Company Logo

ng ng thu kh biogas

Thit b tchnc c trong biogas


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The biogas at typically 30 40C is cooled to 5 10oC, after which ca. 60 70%of the water vapour (about 35 g/m) condenses to water. The remaining moisture:10 15 g/m Biogas is heated again in the biogas compressor.

Xl kh acid trong biogas


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g g

Biogas trains


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Flame arresters Safety shut-off valves Pressure control valves Weep nozzles & solenoid valves Vent solenoid valves Gas filters Pressure switches

Thit b kimsot dng:


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NM OrgaworldCng ngh Biocel

Lelystad, H Lan

1,000 kg CTRSH

hu c

Compost: 500 kg

Biogas: 70 kg

Nc bay hi: 120

kg

Tht thot: 30 kg

Cht thi b em chn lp:50 kg

Nc r rc: 230 kg

Cnbng vt cht cacngnghBiocelcanh my Orgaworld, Lelystad, H Lan.


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Sn lng biogas: 70 m3/tn;Kim loi nng trongcht thi t thayi sau

qu trnh phnhy;CN xlc vi sinh gybnh sau 21

ngy; an Mch, tiuchun quc gia qui nh

chott c cc cngngh k khcht thirn sinhhot phi tnht iu kin trn

70oC trong 1 gi trc khicht thi phnhy c s dng nhphn bn cy nngsn.


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Din tchb CN Biocelgp 3.5 ln Valorga;

Tng din tch nhxng CN Biocelgp 2 ln

Valorga;

Cngsut xlca CN Biocel l 43.800 tn

CTRHC/ha/nm;

CN Biocel l cth vi cht thi hn hp;

Cht hu c sau KK c compost hiu kh

(7- 14 ngy).

Cng ngh Valorga


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g g g

LCN k kh kh;Bn lintc, ckhuy trn;Biogas: 80- 160m3/ tn cht thi rn hu

c t;Thi gian khong 18- 25 ngy;Cngsut: 10.000- 720.000 tn/nm.

Xem chi tiet cong nghe Valorga tai: http://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.html
http://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.htmlhttp://www.valorgainternational.fr/en/pag8-OUR-REFERENCES.html


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CngnghValorga


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Chi tit b k kh


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Nhucu s dng t:1 m2/ton (10.000

tn/ha) hoc 75.000 tn cht thi rnhu c/nm/ha;Thi gian hontt mt m xl: 40

ngy.


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Nh my ValorgaTilburg, H Lan.


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Nh my VALORGA Tilburg, H LanCN: bn lin tc,

mesophilic

1,000 kg CTR hu c

Compost: 687.5 kg

Biogas: 102.5 kg

Nc bay hi: ? kg

Residue: 165 kg

Nc thi: ? kg

Cn bng vt cht ti nh my Valorga Tilburg, H Lan.

KOMPOGAS technology


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Xem phim: Cngngh AD- Kompogas


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Bng chuyn vn chuyn &phn loi cht thi


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Sng lng

My tch nc (ly tm)


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Hnhnhbn trongb Kompogas

B kkhdngthng xoay


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Moteurkhuy trn

compost bngnguynliusaukkh

Sn phm in


82/91Kh nng ng dng CN phn hy kkh ktpHCM


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CTR ca TpHCM c t.phn hu c cao (60-70%) v m cao (50 -60%). Do , pdng CN phn hy sinh hc c xem nhc tim nng hn so vi BCL;

Nhu cu in-nhit cc nc pht trinln;

Nhu cu phn hu c cao, yu cu thtrng v sp compost: d tnh;

Cha c minh chng thc t.


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la chn cngngh k kh phhp vi

iu kin Vit Nam, mt stiu chnh gic trnh by sauy:

1. Hiu qu vcngngh;

2. Cngngh p ngcc tiuchunmitrngvsc khe cng ng ca a phng;

3. Cngngh phi p ng vi h thng qunlvchin lcphttrin ca a phng;

4. Cngngh phic chi ph ph hp vingnsch cathnh ph.

1. Hiu qu v cng ngh


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Hiu qu xl cao;Phhp vi t.phn CTR vk mitrng;CTRSH VN c tphu c cao v m cao,

thchhp vi CN KK sn xut biogas v

compost;CNphi n gin, mm do: d dngcitin, thun li trongtrng hp cn phinng cngsut vd vn hnh vbo tr;

2. CN p ng cc tiu chun MT & SKC


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Cngngh cn p ng vi cc qui chun

kim sot nhim, qui chun x thi (ncthi, khthi, ting n).

Cngngh s dng hiu qu ngun tinguynnh hn ch s dng t, nc,in, nng lng, hacht...vtng cngkh nng sn xut ti nguynnhbiogas,phn bn.

3. CN p ng vi h.thng qun l v chinlcphttrin


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p

Cc CN khc nhaui hi cc qui nh qun l

khc nhau. Cc qui nh nyphi phhp vih thng qun lhin ti vchin lc phttrin ca thnhph/quc gia.

Vd tpHCM c: 1. Ctrnh PLCTRTN , 2. Chin

lc q.l CTR, 3. C.trnhtng hp v qun lCTR...cc cngngh xlcht thi rn pdng cnphi p ng vi ccchng trnh ny.


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Thiu nhnlc c trnh cao & ngun laong

ph thngdi do lmt k la chn CN phhp vi honcnh.

Theo thngt s50/TB-VPCP ngy 17/3/2007ca VP Chnhph, mt tiu chcn thit na

trongvic la chn cngngh xlcht thirn lthit b thayth phi sn choc cthsa cha trongnc.

4. CNphic chi ph ph hp vingn sch


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Chi phxlcht thi bng tng chi phtr itng li nhun.

Chi phxlph thuc vo cngngh pdng. Trong khili nhun th khngnhng ph thuc

vo cngngh m cnnh hng ln bi thtrng tiuth sn phm.


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