công nghệ xử lý nước thải chế biến thực phẩm

7/21/2019 Cng Ngh X L Nc Thi Ch Bin Thc Phm

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CNG NGH X L NCTHI CH BIN THC PHMM: THUCPHAM

Ngun n! "#$% !#& '%&n "#(!)#*+ !#, -&u !#./ !0! !#1" #2u !34" 56! !7 ngun g8! "#(! 9" #; "#(! 9" 5/ )#?n @!0! ';n #-D/" !#./ 4" !#1" 'E; 9

)D;"F%n nn ng ' )#Jn #uK '%9% %n#= C#1" "#$% !7 ngun g8!56ng 9" !7 "#n# )#?n !#, -&u @

)D;"F%n 9 !#1" 'E; #7 ' )#Jn #uK'% 9% %n# 9"= C0! !3 !#& '%&n"#(! )#?+ "#Ong gJ- n#%+ +Q%9 n! "#$% "D;ng n#%Ru "DOng #S)!ng g7) )#?n u/n "DVng gJ- n#%+ +Q%=

I. NGUN NC THI THC PHM

- Sa v cc sn phm t sa

- Ru - bia - nc gii kht

- Du thc vt

- nh k!"

- #h$ bi$n thc phm %n nhanh

- #h$ bi$n th&t thu' hi sn

-()ng v cc sn phm t *)ng

- #h$ bi$n *+ h,p.

II. TNH CHT HA L CA NC THI THC PHM

- #h/ 0$u ch1a cc ch2t hu c3 4t *,c c5 ngu+n g6c thc vt h"7c *,ng vt.

- #h2t thi hu c3 c5 ngu+n g6c t thc vt *a phn 8 cc b"n 9 h0:;at.


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- #h2t thi c5 ngu+n g6c *,ng vt c5 thnh phn ch/ 0$u 8 p;"t=in v ch2t b>".

- #h?n ;?n 83 8@ngA BDA #BDA vi khun gC0 hi.

- #h$ bi$n thc phm th)ng gC0 E nhiFm mGi v nc thiA nhiHu t;)ng hp cIng g5p phn Juan t;Kng gC0E nhiFm mGi.

III. QUY CHUN NH GI CHT LNG NC THI

Lh=" Mu0 chun kN thut Ju6c gia vH nc thi cEng nghiOp P M#Q TU VVWXLYLZ

httpUXXm"it;u"ngauvi=t.c"mX[mg\p8"a:XM#Q]VT-VVW-\B#L^_[#.p:`

IV. MT ! GII PHP C"NG NGH# P $%NG

&. '( )* +,- /012- /03/ 45-0 067 0589 :0;< iOn php n0 :Gng cc vi sinh vt hi$u kh4 phCn h/0cc ch2t hu c3 t;"ng nc v cc thnh phn gC0 E nhiFm thnh cc ch2t vE c3 khEng gC0 E nhiFm.

=. '( )* +,- /012- /03/ 45-0 067 :> :0;< iOn php n0 :Gng cc vi sinh vt k& kh4 * phCn h/0 ccch2t hu c3 v cc thnh phn gC0 E nhiFm t;"ng nc. #3 ch$ phCn h/0 n0 :iFn ;a t;"ng *iHu kiOn k&kh4 nn c5 th p :ng ch" nhng n3i c5 JuN *2t h!p v khEng c5 m7t th"ng 8nd c5 th p :ng t;"ngkhu vc *Eng :Cn c.

?. '( )* +,- /012- /03/ )67 45-0 067< e@ 8f sinh hKc n5i chung ;2t phG hp *6i vi cc 8"i nc thicEng nghiOp thc phm :" bn ch2t :F th6i ;a v :F phCn hu' c/a ch2t E nhiFm.

V. CC C"NG T@NH B THI C"NG


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mnh m. *+ng th)i nhu cu tiu :Gng hng ng0 Anhu cu vt ch2t c/a c"nng)i *ang ng0 cng *c t%ng ca" . vl v0 n5 thrc *0 s pht t;in c/angnh ch$ bi$n thc phm.Quy trnh chung ca ngnh ch bin thc phm

#hun b& ngu0n 8iOu *u v" S3 ch$A ch$ bi$n ngu0n 8iOu thnh ccsn phm t;ung gian kim t;a ch2t 8ng sn phm ba" g5iA *5ngthGng Sn phmT0-0 /0J- K D;-0 70D 709- 7 --0 708 +58- D0F7 /0

Quy trnh cng ngh x l nc thi ngnh ch bin thc phm

2 O 9R DS-0 7- -0 708 +58- D0F7 /0

x l nc thi ch bin thc phmT09R8D 5-0 9R DS-0 7- -0 W( )* -17 D0E5 708 +58- D0F7 /0c thi *c :n Jua s"ng ch?n ;c t;c khi ch" v" h6 thu g"m ncthi. ( n *&nh 8u 8ng v ch2t 8ng c/a nc thi v" cc cEngt;lnh W( )* -17 D0E5ph4a sau thl :n nc Jua b *iHu hwaA ti *C0A c5cung c2p hO th6ng thi kh4 vi mc *4ch * khu20 t;,nA *iHu hwaA n *&nhngu+n nc thi. Sau *5 8?ng cc thnh phn ch2t E nhiFm :a v" tc:ng c/a 8c t;Kng 8c ti b 8?ng


4/43

Jua b 8?ng bGn v b3m ;a ng"i sCn ph3i bGn ph3i khE * gim 8ngnc t;"ng bGnA gim kh6i 8ng bGn t;c khi *=m bGn *i @ 8f q n3ikhc.=. Q9R DS-0 W( )* -17 D0E5

'( )* -17 D0E58 nhu cu b1c thi$t q cc :"anh nghiOp n5i ;ing v c nc n5ichung. Lh=" m,t vi th6ng k thl hiOn na0 t;n c nc thl hu h$t cc :"anh nghiOpAnh m0 *Hu c5 hO th6ng @ 8f nc thiP^LeyLZ. Q2n *H m2u ch6t q *C0 8 *a s6cc ^LeyL c/a cc nh m0 *Hu khEng @ 8f *t. #hrng ta phi nhln nhn v2n *Hn0 q nhiHu kh4a cnh.#h2t 8ng nc thi sau @ 8f khEng *t :" ch/ *u t c6 tlnh gC0 nnz#hi ph4 @ 8f nc thi < m c5 gi thnh :a" *,ng t T.VVV *+ng-


5/43

Di *C0 in gii thiOu tng Juan cc ph3ng php @ 8f nc thi *ang s@ :ng tiQiOt amUII. ` LC CC PH`NG PHP 'a L NC THIc thi n5i chung c5 ch1a nhiHu ch2t E nhiFm khc nhauA *wi hxi phi @ 8f bngnhng ph3ng php th4ch hp khc nhau. Sau *C0 8 tng Juan cc ph3ng php @ 8fnc thi.#c ph3ng php @ 8f nc thi *c chia thnh cc 8"i sauU- Phng php x l l hc;

- Phng php x l ha hc v ha l;- Phng php x l sinh hc&. P012- /03/ W( )* )* 067L;"ng nc thi th)ng ch1a cc ch2t khEng tan q :ng 83 8@ng. ( tch cc ch2t n0;a khxi nc thi. Lh)ng s@ :ng cc ph3ng php c3 hKc nh 8Kc Jua s"ng ch?n ;ch"7c 8i ch?n ;cA 8?ng :i tc :ng c/a t;Kng 8c h"7c 8c 8i tCm v 8Kc. LG0 th="k4ch thcA t4nh ch2t 8f h5aA n+ng *, ch2t 83 8@ngA 8u 8ng nc thi v m1c *, cn8m sch m 8a chKn cEng nghO @ 8f th4ch hp.!! "#ng ch$n %c

c thi :n v" hO th6ng @ 8f t;c h$t phi Jua s"ng ch?n ;c. Li *C0 cc thnhphn c5 k4ch thc 8n P;cZ nh giA ;cA vx *+ h,pA ;c cC0A ba" ni8"n *c gi 8i.


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h) *5 t;nh 8m t?c b3mA *)ng 6ng h"7c knh :n. (C0 8 bc Juan t;Kng nhm*m b" an t"n v *iHu kiOn 8m viOc thun 8i ch" c hO th6ng @ 8f nc thi.LG0 th=" k4ch thc kh= hqA s"ng ch?n ;c *c phCn thnh 8"i thEA t;ung blnh v m&n.S"ng ch?n ;c thE c5 kh"ng cch gia cc thanh t oV 9


7/43

=. P012- /03/ W( )* 0b 067 ^ 0b )*&! *%+ng h/ac thi ch1a aci: vE c3 h"7c kiHm cn *c t;ung hwa *a p^ vH kh"ng oA 9 At;c khi thi v" ngu+n nhn h"7c s@ :ng ch" cEng nghO @ 8f ti$p th=". L;ung hwanc thi c5 th thc hiOn bng nhiHu cchU

- *%0n l1n nc thi aci2 v nc thi 3i4m;- 5. s+ng cc tc nh6n ha hc;- 'c nc aci2 7+a v8t li9+ c tc 2:ng t%+ng h/a; aci2 b?ng nc kiHm h"7c h2p th amm"niac bng nc aci:.&& @A# t: tB# bCngL;"ng ngu+n ncA m,t phn cc ht th)ng t+n ti q :ng cc ht k=" m&n phCn tnAk4ch thc cc ht th)ng :a" *,ng t VA< 9


8/43

Mu t;lnh phCn h/0 k kh4 cc ch2t hu c3 8 Ju t;lnh sinh h5a ph1c tp t" ;a hngt;%m sn phm t;ung gian v phn 1ng t;ung gian. Lu0 nhin ph3ng t;lnh phn 1ngsinh h5a t;"ng *iHu kiOn k kh4 c5 th biu :iFn *3n gin nh sauUQi sinh vt#h2t hu c3 #^T #B ^ S L$ b" mi

Y,t cch tng Jut Ju t;lnh phCn h/0 k kh4 0 ;a th=" T giai *"nU- Qiai F#Bn !Rth/0 phCnA c?t mch cc hp ch2t ca" phCn t@d- Qiai F#Bn &Raci: h5ad- Qiai F#Bn (Rac=tat= h5ad- Qiai 2#Bn )Rm=than h5a.#c ch2t thi hu c3 ch1a nhiHu ch2t hu c3 ca" phCn t@ nh p;"t=insA ch2t b>"Aca;b"h0:;at=sA c=88u8"s=sA 8igninAt;"ng giai *"n th/0 phCnA s *c c?t mch t"nhng phCn t@ *3n gin h3nA :F phCn h/0 h3n. #c phn 1ng th/0 phCn s chu0n h5ap;"t=in thnh amin" aci:sA ca;b"h0:;at= thnh *)ng *3nA v ch2t b>" thnh cc aci:b>". L;"ng giai *"n aci: h5aA cc ch2t hu c3 *3n gin 8i *c ti$p tc chu0n h5athnh ac=tic aci:A ^ v #B. #c aci: b>" :F ba0 h3i ch/ 0$u 8 ac=tic aci:A p;"pi"nic

aci: v 8actic aci:. n cnh *5A #B v ^A m=than"8A cc ;u *3n gin khc cIng*c hlnh thnh t;"ng Ju t;lnh c?t mch ca;b"h0:;at=. Qi sinh vt chu0n h5a m=thanch~ c5 th phCn h/0 m,t s6 8"i c3 ch2t nh2t *&nh nh #B ^A `";mat=A ac=tat=Am=than"8A m=th08amin=sA v #B.LG0 th=" t;ng thi c/a bGnA c5 th chia Ju t;lnh @ 8f k kh4 thnhU- S+ t%Tnh x l 3 3h> vi vi sinh v8t sinh t%Ung 2Bng l lng nh 7+ t%Tnh tip xVc 33h> WXnaA%#bic H#ntact P%#cAssYE 7+ t%Tnh x l b?ng lp bZn 3 3h> vi 2/ng nc Fi tJ2i lGn W[X"5Y;- Mra t;lnh @ 8f k kh4 vi vi sinh vt sinh t;qng :ng :4nh bm nh Ju t;lnh 8Kc kkh4 P_na=;"bic i8t=; ;"c=ssZ.(& Phng php x l sinh hc hi+ 3h> t%#ng x l nc thiMu t;lnh @ 8f sinh hKc hi$u kh4 nc thi g+m ba giai *"nU- \x, ha cc ch=t h]+ c;- *.ng hOp t b# mi;- Ph6n h^, n0i b##c Ju t;lnh @ 8f sinh hKc bng ph3ng php hi$u kh4 c5 th 0 ;a q *iHu kiOn tnhin h"7c nhCn t". L;"ng cc cEng t;lnh @ 8f nhCn t"A ng)i ta t" *iHu kiOn t6i uch" Ju t;lnh "0 h5a sinh h5a nn Ju t;lnh @ 8f c5 t6c *, v hiOu su2t ca" h3n ;2tnhiHu. LG0 th=" t;ng thi t+n ti c/a vi sinh vtA Ju t;lnh @ 8f sinh hKc hi$u kh4 nhCnt" c5 th chia thnhU- e@ 8f sinh hKc hi$u kh4 vi vi sinh vt sinh t;qng :ng 83 8@ng ch/ 0$u *c s@ :ng

* kh@ ch2t hu c3 ch1a ca;b"n nh Ju t;lnh bGn h"t t4nhA h+ 8m th"ngA b phn1ng h"t *,ng gin *"nA Ju t;lnh 8n m=n phCn h/0 hi$u kh4. L;"ng s6 cc Ju t;lnhn0A Ju t;lnh bGn h"t t4nh 8 Ju t;lnh ph bi$n nh2t.- e@ 8f sinh hKc hi$u kh4 vi vi sinh vt sinh t;qng :ng :4nh bm nh Ju t;lnh bGnh"t t4nh :4nh bmA b 8Kc nhx giKtA b 8Kc ca" tiA *a sinh hKcA b phn 1ng nit;at= vimng c6 *&nh.


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?. '( )* -17 D0E5 -0 3R 4E- W9D +5ia 8 8"i nc u6ng *c t" ;a kh 8Cu *)i v 8 8"i nc u6ng *c a chu,ng t;n th$ gii. QiOt am bia c5 cch *C0 t;n n bGn. Y,t phn *c b3m tun h"n vH b _=;"tank * :u0 t;l ch1c n%ng sinh hKc t;"ng b.

u im:

S@ :ng cEng nghO phG hp vi ngu+n thi

c thi sau Ju t;lnh @ 8f c5 n+ng *, cc ch2t gC0 E nhiFm *rng vi Ju0 chun.

#Eng t;lnh thi$t k$ nhx gKn nhng vn */ cEng su2t gim :iOn t4ch s@ :ng.

Dng m":u8A :F mq ;,ngA nCng cEng su2t @ 8f c/a hO th6ng cEng nghO.

Nhc im:

Qn hnh h3i ph1c tpA ng)i vn hnh phi c5 t;lnh *, chu0n mEn ca".

W


10/43

Y,t vi t;m m vn hnh khEng *rng kN thut :n *$n 8ng nc thi sau khi @ 8f khEng *rng th=" chun *H ;a.

Qi cEng nghO n0 cEng t0 chrng tEi nghin c1u *a ;a nhng ph3ng php @ 8f nc thi sn u2t bia t6tA gim chi ph4 thi$t k$ vn hnh.

^0 8in hO cEng t0 mEi t;)ng ngKc 8Cn * *c t v2nA ci t"A thi$t k$ Pchrng tEi c5 nhn vn hnh t;Kn g5i vi gi ;Z * hO th6ng e@ 8f nc thi

nh m0 sn u2t bia c5 t4nh bHn vngA ti$t kiOmA b" vO mEi t;)ng

x l nc thi bia


11/43

d. H D0\- W( )* -17 D0E5 4E- W9D ; O1]-gnh cEng nghiOp m4a *)ng nc ta *ang t;n * pht t;in v gC0 s1c >p kh 8n ch" mEi t;)ngA *7c biOt 8 mEi t;)ng nc. c thi c/a

ngnh cEng nghiOp m4a *)ng 8uEn ch1a m,t 8ng 8n cc ch2t hu c3 ba" g+m cc hp ch2t c/a cacb"nA nit3. #c ch2t n0 :F b& phCn h/0 bqi cc

vi sinh vtA gC0 mGi th6i 8m E nhiFm ngu+n nc ti$p nhn. c thi ch1a phn 8n cc ch2t ;?n 83 8@ngA khi thi ;a mEi t;)ng n5 s 8?ng u6ng v

t" nn 8p c7n q *0 v ph h/0 hO sinh vt t;"ng nc. L;"ng nc thi cwn ch1a m,t 8ng *)ng kh 8n. Ql v0A nc thi m4a *)ng hiOn na0

*ang ;2t cn nhng hO th6ngW( )* -17 D0E5hiOu Ju v phG hp * *=m 8i cCn bng sinh hKc v cu,c s6ng c/a c"n ng)i.

C37 -9- D0E5 DSe- -0 3R 708 +58- O1]-p m4a ch1a hm 8ng 8n cc ch2t hu c3 BDd nc thi t cc cEng *"n vO

sinh nh qngA thi$t b&A ;@a 8KcA 8m mtAt2t c cc ngu+n n0 *Hu ch1a 8ng 8n cc ch2t hu c3 m7c :G 8u 8ng thi ti cc cEng *"n n0

khEng nhiHu.

- c thi sinh h"tU pht sinh t cc khu vc vO sinhA sinh h"t c/a cEng nhCn v nhCn vin t;"ng nh m0A t cc khu nh %nA.

- c ma ch0 t;nU L"n b, 8ng nc ch0 t;n t;n bH m7t cu6n t;Ei th=" cc ch2t E nhiFm ch0 vH t;m @ 8f.

- g"i ;a cwn c5 8ng nc t 8w h3i v ;w ;~ t cc cEng *"n sn u2t v vO sinh khc ch1a nhiHu ch2t hu c3 v ch2t 83 8@ngA tu0 nhin 8ng n0

khEng nhiHu.

T;-0 70D -17 D0E5 ; O1]- nc thi ch bin m^ ca# s+

V


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&?. '( )* -17 D0E5 708 +58- 7 /0k^iOn na0 nHn kinh t$ nc ta *ang t;"ng * pht t;inA *i cGng vi *5 8 cc ngnh cEng nghiOpA nEng nghiOp :&ch vA th3ng miA :u 8&ch *iHu pht t;in

th="A t;"ng *5 ngnh cEng nghiOp ch$ bi$n c ph 8 m,t t;"ng nhng ngnh pht t;in mnh nh2t *=m 8i 8i nhun kinh t$ ch" *2t nc nhiHu nh2tA vl

th$ m hiOn na0 nhiHu t~nhA thnh t;+ng cC0 c ph * *=m 8i ngu+n thu nhp ca" h3nA ci thiOn *)i s6ng ch" mlnhA s"ng m,t t;"ng nhng v2n *H hng

*u t;"ng Ju t;lnh ch$ bi$n c ph cIng cha *c chr t;Kng ti *5 8 v2n *H mEi t;)ngA *7c biOt 8 nc thiA :" *5 *wi hxi phi *a ;a *c Ju0

t;lnh cEng nghO *W( )* -17thi t;iOt * cc E nhiFm n0.

Lhnh phn t;"ng -17 D0E5 708 +58- 7 /0kc5 hm 8ng BDA #BDA SS ca"A p^ th2pA v cc hp ch2t hu c3A nit" v ph"tph".

" FM x l nc thi c phG

c thi t nh m0 ch$ bi$n s *c :n th=" cc *)ng 6ng * :n ti h6 thu g"mA ti *C0 s *c 8?p *7t s"ng ch?n ;c * 8"i bx nhng 8"i

;c c5 k4ch thc 8n * b" vO cc thi$t b& k$ ti$p. Sau khi *c 8"i bx ;c nc ti$p tc *c *a *$n b *iHu hwaA ti *C0 s nh) hO th6ng khu20

t;,n m nc thi *c *iHu hwa n+ng *, v 8iHu 8ng th4ch hpA

c thi sau khi Jua b *iHu hwa s *c *a Jua b \_S v *c b3m kh4 ti *C0 girp ch" vi sinh vt bm :4nh 8n gi th * c5 th phCn h/0 v

h2p th cc ch2t hu c3 8m :inh :ng s6ng v ti$p th=" *c *a Jua b a=;"tank ti *C0 s :iFn ;a Ju t;lnh nit;at h5a v ph"tph" h5aA girp

chu0n h5a nit" v ph"tph" thnh nhng hp ch2t :F h2p th c/a vi sinh vt 8m :inh :ng. v ti$p tc s *c chu0n Jua b bGn sinh hKc ti *C0

8ng bGn *c thu g"m v t" *iHu kiOn ch" bEng bGn 8?ng u6ng *0 b. Gn sau khi *c 8?ng s *a Jua m0 >p bGn v sau *5 *c *a Jua

sCn ph3i bGn nhm gim mGi hEi th6i.

Q ti$p th=" 8 b k=" t t" bEngA mc *4ch c/a b n0 8 8m gim *, *c v *, muA c7n 83 8@ng v vi sinh. Q nc thi s *c *a Jua b 8?ng A

ti *C0 bGn s t;t vH ph4a *0 bEng bGn s *c 8?ng u6ng *0 v *c thu g"m *a vH b ch1a bGn v @ 8f.

#u6i cGng s *a Jua b kh@ t;GngA ti *C0 s chCm thm h5a ch2t nh ch8"A * tiu :iOt vi sinh vt c5 hi v * nc *u ;a *t L#Q. Q *a ;a

ngu+n ti$p nhn.


22/43

&d. '( )* -17 D0E5 42-#Eng nghO s3n hiOn *ang *c s@ :ng ph bi$n ;,ng ;i hiOn na0. Lu0 nhinA ngnh cEng nghO n0 cIng thi ;a ng"i 8ng nc thi gC0 nh

hqng nghim t;Kng *$n mEi t;)ng. c thi th)ng pht sinh t cc nh m0A 4 nghiOp "t"A *+ mN nghOA #n hn ch$ 8ng nc thi n0 bng

cc biOn php hp 8f.

T09R8D 5-0 9R DS-0 W( )* -17 D0E5 42-

_ l nc thi snan *u nc thi c5 n+ng *, v 8u 8ng ca" nn cn *iHu hwa vH n+ng *, nh2t *&nh bng cch ch" nc thi *i 8n b *iHu hwa. Li *C0A cc ch2t

*c t;,n *Hu nn chrng s phn 1ng vi nhau t" thnh cc c7n phCn tn ung Juanh b.

Sau *5A nc thi *c *a *$n b k=" t t" bEng . an *uA cc ch2t cha 8?ng u6ng h$t bA khi *5 cn ch" m,t s6 ch2t h5a hKc v t;,n t6c *,

chm * t;ung hwa h$t cc ch2t t;"ng b . jhi *5A cc bEng c7n b& ph v v 8in k$t vi nhau t" nn cc bEng c7n 8n h3n girp chrng : 8?ng u6ng

b.

Li$p th="A nc thi *c b3m ti$p th=" v" b 8?ng. L;"ng t;ng thi tnh m,t th)i gian c6 *&nhA nc thi *c chia ;a 8m hai ng%n. hn bGn n7ng

h3n nn 8?ng u6ng *0 v *c b3m sang b ch1a bGn. yng nc cwn 8i sau khi @ 8f "ng *c *a vH h6 thu vi thi ;a ng"i th=" Ju0 *&nh.

Sau khi 8u t; ti b ch1a bGn t;"ng th)i gian nh2t *&nhA 8ng nc thi cwn s5t t;"ng bGn ni 8n *c *a vH 8i h6 thuA 8ng bGn cwn 8i cn

thi th=" *rng Ju0 t;lnh @ 8f c/a php 8ut.

&f.'( )* -17 D0E5 -0 3R 4E- W9D -0Fine@ 8f nc thi

#Eng t0 mEi t;)ng gKc yCn chu0n nhn W( )* -17 D0E5A vi t;n m)i n%m kinh nghiOm 8m viOc t;"ng ngnhA chrng tEi *m b" @ 8f nc thi

*t hiOu Ju ca". ^0 gKi ch" cEng t0 chrng tEi n$u Juf khch c5 nhu cu 8?p *7tA vn hnh 0 D0\- W( )* -17 D0E5 -0 3R 4E- W9D -0Fvi

chi ph4 th2p nh2t.

&. Tv- 9- -17 D0E5 -0 3R 4E- W9D -0F

yu 8ng nc thi c/a cc nh m0 sn u2t nha th)ng khEng ca"A ch/ 0$u t Ju t;lnh ;@a v vO sinh *)ng 6ng t;"ng :C0 chu0Hn cEng nghO

sn u2tA nc :Gng t;"ng gii nhiOt ch" si nhaA nc 8m ngu,i t;c cn v nc thi sinh h"t c/a cEng nhCn.

(7c t;ng c/a nc thi nh m0 sn u2t nha 8 ch1a hm 8ng SSA BDA #BD ca"A ng"i ;a cwn c5 ch2t h"t *,ng bH m7tA nit3A ph"sph" v cc

vi sinh vt gC0 bOnh cn @ 8f.

=. C- -0 W( )* -17 D0E5 -0 3R 4E- W9D -0F
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23/43

c thi *c g"m 8i v" h6 thuA sau *5 Jua b tch m * tch cc ch2t ni q t;n bH m7t nc thi. Li$p *$nA nc thi *c :n Jua b *iHu hwa

* n *&nh 8u 8ng v n+ng *, ;+i *a sang b YRA ti *C0A cc ch2t hu c3 v ch2t :inh :ng *c @ 8f hiOu JuA s@ :ng b YR va ti$t

kiOm :iOn t4chA va @ 8f t6t cc ch~ tiu E nhiFm t;"ng nc thi. j$ *$nA nc thi *c :n Jua b a=;"tank * @ 8f phn BD cwn 8i. yu f cn

phi sc kh4 ch" cc b *iHu hwaA YR v a=;"tank * b h"t *,ng hiOu Ju. 8?ng 8am=88a :Gng * 8?ng cc bEng bGn sau @ 8f sinh hKc. yng

bGn thi *c *a sang b ch1a bGn v @ 8f *&nh k. c sau b 8?ng *c kh@ t;Gng bng ch8";in= ti b kh@ t;GngA v :n sang b 8Kc p 8c *

8Kc cc c7n nhx t;c khi ;a ngu+n ti$p nhn. c sau @ 8f *t tiu chun 8"i _A M#Q


24/43

/ bGn U (c 8u gi t;"ngg b n>n bGn v *c cE *7cA gim th t4chA hrt bx *&nh kl. #u6i cung nc thi sau @ 8f phi *t tiu chun M#Q

TVUV


25/43

HCng ngh9 x l nc thi gi=,

c thi t Ju t;lnh *c t;,n chung v *i Jua "ng ch?n ;c ti b 8?ng ct * 8"i bx cc thnh phn c5 k4ch thc 8n v ct * Jua cc bc

ti$p th=". Sau *5 8ng nc thi n0 *c *iHu hwa p^ v 8u 8ng ti b *iHu hwa. L *C0 nc *i v" b k=" t t" bEng nh) b sung ait t"

thnh cc k=" t v p"80m=; girp cc k=" t k$t hp t" thnh bEng ni t;n m7t nc ti$p tc v" b 8?ng p bGn v @ 84 ;ing. #u6i cGng nc *c kh@ c8" tiu :iOt cc vi sinh vt c5 hi.

&l.'( )* -17 D0E5 -0 3R --0 708 +58- 4wine@ 8f nc thi

hm *p 1ng nhu cu ng0 cng t%ng vH :inh :ng thl ngnh cEng nghiOp sn u2t sa * v *ang pht t;in m,t cch mnh m *=m 8i ngu+n 8i

vH kinh t$ vl sa th4ch hp ch" mKi 81a tui. n cnh *5 ngu+n nc thi t viOc sn u2t sa cIng gC0 nh hqng nghim t;Kng ti s1c khx= c"n

ng)i n$u khEng *cW( )* -17 D0E5708 +58- 4wk&p th)i vl t;"ng thnh phn nc thi ch1a nhiHu it3 v c7n 83 8@ngA hm 8ng #BDA BD

cIng kh ca" v nc thi c5 p^ th2p.
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26/43

" FM cCng ngh9 x l nc thi ch bin s]a

c thi t;c khi *c thu v" b ch1a *c *i Jua s"ng ch?n ;c * 8"i bx cc tp ch2t thE v *c b3m 8n b *iHu hwa nhm n *&nh ch2t

8ng nc v *iHu hwa cc 0$u t6 nh p^ *+ng th)i tch m,t phn 8ng :u m ni t;n m7t nc. Sau *5 nc thi *i Jua b \_SA ti *C0 n+ng

*, BD gim *ng k nhm t" *iHu kiOn t6t u ch" vi sinh vt hi$u kh4 h"t *,ng q b _=;"tankA sau khi ;a khxi b _=;"tank *i Jua b 8?ng thl m,t

8ng 8n ch2t hu c3 *c @ 84 v bGn h"t t4nh *c gi 8i tun h"n m,t 4t t;q vH b _=;"tank. Li$p tc Ju0 t;lnh *$n b t;ung gian sau *5 *$n b

8Kc p 8c * 8"i bx cc ch2t c7n 83 8@ngA ch2t hu c3 hwa tan#u6i cGng *c 8"i bx h"n t"n ch2t hu c3 Jua b nan" :ng khE. c sau khi

*c @ 84 *t Ju0 chun hiOn hnh *c thi ;a mEi t;)ng h"7c 8m nc ti.

&m.C"NG NGH# 'a L NC THI Mx NGH#ine@ 8f nc thi

Sn phm * mN nghO mang t4nh nghO thut ca" *c t" nn t s sng t" ti ba t bn ta0 v kh6i 5c c/a c"n ng)i. Sn phm *c *iu kh?c

t" nn nhiHu v *!p khc nhau. n cnh *5 Ju t;lnh sn u2t * pht sinh ;a 8ng nc thi 8m E nhiFm ngu+n nc ngm nn cn phi c5 biOn

phpW( )* -17 D0E5k&p th)i.

o
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27/43

yng nc thi thi ;a phn 8n u2t hiOn t;n 8an t;n m7t *2t h"7c *c g"m vH h6 thu nhng 8i khEng *a Jua biOn php n" @ 8f nn s gC0 E

nhiFm. gu0n nhCn ch4nh 8 :" nh sn u2t cha n?m b?t *c s ngu0 hi c/a 8ng nc thi. ^"7c :" chi ph4 @ 8f nc thi ca".

Ql nhng 8f :" t;nA cEng t0 chrng tEi in *a ;a cEng nghO W( )* -17 D0E5ti$t kiOm chi ph4A nhng vn *m b" ch2t 8ng nc thi sau @ 8f th="

Ju0 *&nh hiOn hnh c/a nh nc.

I. THNH PHN V TNH CHT CA NC THI

1.1. NGUN GC PHT SINH NC THI

#c ngu+n pht sinh nc thiU

- Mu t;lnh sn u2tU nc thi ;a kh 8n t cc khCu nh caA miA c?tA *nh b5ngA ch1a ch/ 0$u c7n b,t * v 8ng ait : t viOc *nh b5ng bH

m7t sn phm

- c thi sinh h"tU pht sinh ch/ 0$u t nh vO sinh v b$p %n. c thi sinh h"t c5 cc ch2t hu c3A vi khun gC0 E nhiFm vi n+ng *, th2pphG hp vi biOn php @ 8f sinh hKc.

jh" st cc ngu+n thi nhm *nh gi m1c *, E nhiFmA t *5 *a ;a ph3ng php @ 8f t6i u nhm gim chi ph4 *u t. Ql 8ng nc thi sinh

h"t khEng *ng k nn n$u c3 sq sn u2t c5 c hai ngu+n n0 ta vn @ 8f th=" ph3ng php h5a 8f.

1.2. THNH PHN V TNH CHT NC THI

#h2t E nhiFm (3n v& (u v" M#Q TUVVW Pc,t _Z

p^ - T. 9 . o 9 W

LSS mgX8 VV-


28/43

III. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH

#c ngu+n pht sinh nc thi ti khu vc sn u2t *c thu g"m bng hO th6ng m3ng thu nc. h4a t;c b g"m chrng tEi *7t s"ng ch?n ;c *

8"i bx cc tp ch2t c5 k4ch thc 8n t;"ng nc thi. h4a sau b g"m 8 8i ;c tinh * 8c bx cc tp ch2t c5 k4ch thc nhx. c thi t b g"m

*c b3m Jua b 8?ng ct * tch m,t phn c7n c5 k4ch thc 8n PctA * vnZ. c thi ti$p tc *c *a sang b *iHu hwa nhm n *&nh 8u

8ng v n+ng *,. Li b *iHu hwaA chrng tEi b6 t;4 m0 khu20 t;,n chlm nhm mc *4ch hwa t;,n *+ng *Hu nc thi t;n t"n :iOn t 4ch bA ng%n nga

hiOn tng 8?ng c7n q bA sinh ;a mGi kh5 ch&u.

,t * c5 t4nh kiHm nn m,t phn s t t;ung hwa vi nc thi ;@a c5 t4nh aitA m7t khc nc thi cwn *c ti$p tc t;ung hwa ti b t;ung hwa Pbng

* h+ngA * t;?ngZ. c thi ti$p tc ch0 t b t;ung hwa u6ng b k=" t k$t hp Ju t;lnh 8?ngA *+ng th)i :Gng b3m *&nh 8ng chCm ch2t k=" t

v" hwa t;,n vi nc thi * t" ;a cc bEng c7n. *C0 cc ch2t mu v c7n 83 8@ng b& k$t t/a 8i cwn nc thi nc thi ch0 Jua b kh@ t;GngA *

kh@ t;Gng cc vi khun c5 hi t;"ng nc thi. Sau *5A nc thi ch0 Jua c,t 8Kc p 8cA * gi 8i c7n 83 8@ng v kh@ c 8ng muA mGi t;"ng nc

thi.

c thi sau khi Jua c,t 8Kc p 8c *t tiu chun th=" Ju0 *&nh hiOn hnh c/a nh nc *c ;a ngu+n ti$p nhn .

Gn c7n t cc b *c *a v" b ch1a bGnA 8m gim 8ng nc ch1a t;"ng bGn. Sau *5A *c c3 Juan ch1c n%ng @ 8f th=" *&nh k.

e@ 8f nc thi nh m0 sn u2t b,t ngKtine@ 8f nc thi

gnh b,t ngKt hiOn na0 nc ta *ang pht t;in ;2t mnhA c5 ;2t nhiHu tp *"n 8n vi cc nh m0 cEng nghiOp sn u2t b,t ngKt vi cEng su2t ca"

Ju0 mE 8n. #h4nh vl th$ 8ng nc thi t cc -0 3R 4E- W9D +qD -6D;2t 8 nhiHu nn cn phi *cW( )* -17 D0E5k&p th)i.

c thi -0 3R 4E- W9D +qD -6Dbqi cc ch2t hu c3 q :ng 83 8@ngA :ng hwa tan vi n+ng *, ca". ^m 8ng ch2t b>"A :u m 8nA nc c5

mu v mGi kh5 ch&uA nhiOt *, 8n. vi khun 8n.
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29/43

s FM x l nc thi nh m, sn x+=t b0t ngt

hm *m b" ch2t 8ng nc *u v"A cc thEng s6 *t tiu chun c,t th=" M#Q TVUV


30/43

ph4 kinh t$. c *c n *&nh q b *iHu hwa *c *a Jua b "i h5a bc ca" =nt"n nhm 8"i bx cc vi sinh vt gC0 bOnh. L~ 8O A ca" nn nc

*c :n Jua b _n"icA hm 8ng ch2t hu c3 *c @ 8f q b _=;"tank vi s tham gia c/a vi sinh vt hi$u kh4. #c c7n ;?n *c gi 8i q b 8Kc

p 8cA *m b" nc *u ;a h5a ch2t ch8";in= *c chCm v" b kh@ t;Gng. c ;a ngu+n ti$p nhn *t c,t th=" M#Q TVUV


31/43

c thi t b 8?ng *c b3m Jua b t;ung gianA ;+i sau *5 *c *a Jua b 8Kc p 8cA vt 8iOu ti b n0 *c s@ :ng 8 sxiA ctA than bGn h"t

t4nh mc *4ch 8 * 8"i bx cc hp ch2t hu c3 m khEng phCn h/0 *cA v girp 8m gim mGi hEi th6iA sau *5 nc s *3c *a Jua b 8Kc nan"

:ng khE * 8"i bx cc ch2t SS cwn 8i t;"ng nc thi v s kh@ t;Gng nc thi * nc *u ;a *t tiu chun Ju0 *&nh c/a nh nc.

Gn ti b ch1a bGn s *c *a Jua m0 >p bGn * 8"i nc nhm 8m gim kh6i 8ng bGn v *c c2p kh4 * gim mGi hEi.

#Eng nghO n0 c5 th n5i 8 m,t cEng nghO @ 8f nc m,t cch t6i u nh2tA phG hp vi t4nh ch2tA *7c *im c/a nc thiA

=&.'( )* -17 D0E5 e -95 73( *p 1ng */ nhu cu c/a th& t;)ng thl ngnh nuEi t;+ng th/0 sn n5i chung v nuEi c n5i ;ing *ang *c *0 mnh pht t;in. (0 mnh nuEi

t;+ngA mq ;,ng c3 c2u nhng 8i khEng chr t;Kng v2n *H mEi t;)ng. QiOc nc thi khEng JuaW( )* -17 D0E5* gC0 E nhiFm mEi t;)ng nc

nghim t;Kng.

T;-0 70D 7 -17 D0E5 -95 73

c thi a" nuEi c gC0 E nhiFm ch/ 0$u :" ngu+n hu c3 ch1a t;"ng nc : tha t th1c %n bqi Lhc t$ ch~ kh"ng


32/43

" FM x l nc thi a# n+Ci c

L;n 8 mE hlnh v4 : ch" m,t s3 *+ *2t ngp nc ki$n t" ch0 ngm. g"i 8"i ch0 ngm cwn c5 8"i ch0 t :" t;n m7t *2t. Q ng)i ta c5 th

tha0 th$ cx s0 bng n%nA 8cA cx Q=tiv=; Pch" 8"i ch0 ngmZ h"7c 8c blnhA h"a srngA b}" cc 8"iA t2t c cc 8"i t;n *Hu s@ :ng ch2t thi *

chu0n h5a thnh ch2t :inh :ng ch" bn thCn n5 s@ :ng.

==.C- -0 W( )* -17 D0E5 58D v 5 4|7ine@ 8f nc thi

YEi t;)ng 8 m,t v2n *H *ang nan gii *6i vi m,t nc c5 nHn kinh t$ *ang pht t;in nh nc ta hiOn na0A *i k}m vi n5 8 s pht t;in c/a ngnh

83ng thcA thc phm gi vai t;w kh Juan t;Kng t;"ng viOc t" ;a cc sn phm cung c2p ch" nhu cu t;"ng nc v u2t khuA v cIng 8 m,t t;"ng

nhng ngnh gC0 ;a E nhiFm mEi t;)ng nhiHu nh2tA cGng vi n5 thl --0 58D v 5 4|7 5 7J8 m,t ngnh gC0 ;a E nhiFm n7ng nh2t *6i vi

mEi t;)ng.

Lhnh phn nc thi ch1a hm 8ng E nhiFm ca"A n+ng *, BDA #BD ca"A *7c biOt 8 nit" v ph"tph" c5 t;"ng nc thiA v m,t s6 hp ch2t

khc

(6i vi 8"i nc thi c5 thnh phn nh th$ n0A thl chrng tEi *H u2t m,t Ju0 t;lnh cEng nghOW( )* -17thi hp 8f ch" n5 *5 8 s@ :ng thc vt

c5 kh n%ng h2p th cc hp ch2t hu c3 v kim 8"i n7ng m,t cch c5 hiOu Ju nh2tA c th 8 q *C0 chrng tEi s@ :ng cC0 b+n b+n tn kh"a hKc 8

L0pha angusti`"8iaA thu,c hK L0phac=a= v cC0 cx n%ng tn kh"a hKc 8 8="cha;isA cC0 s0

$15 OZR ) 42 O +\ DS; D0; -05

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