CONJUNCTIONSCONJUNCTIONS

Bağlaçlar(conjunctions) sözcük ya Bağlaçlar(conjunctions) sözcük ya da sözcük öbeklerini ya da cümleleri da sözcük öbeklerini ya da cümleleri bağlayan sözcüklerdir.bağlayan sözcüklerdir.

Bunlar so,and,once gibi tek bir Bunlar so,and,once gibi tek bir sözcükten oluşabilir ya da in order sözcükten oluşabilir ya da in order that, so that, as long as gibi bir that, so that, as long as gibi bir sözcük öbeğide olabilirler.sözcük öbeğide olabilirler.

Although she studied hard,she could Although she studied hard,she could not pass the licence exam.not pass the licence exam.

Bağlaçları üç grupta inceleyebiliriz:Bağlaçları üç grupta inceleyebiliriz:

1.1. Coordinating conjunctionsCoordinating conjunctions

2.2. Correlative conjunctionsCorrelative conjunctions

3.3. Subordinating conjunctionsSubordinating conjunctions

Bu bağlaçlar şunlardır:Bu bağlaçlar şunlardır:and,or,but,yet,nor,so,forand,or,but,yet,nor,so,for

And aynı doğrultuda anlama sahip And aynı doğrultuda anlama sahip sözcükleri birleştirir(her ikiside olumlu sözcükleri birleştirir(her ikiside olumlu ya da her ikiside olumsuz):beautiful ya da her ikiside olumsuz):beautiful and cleverand clever

But ve yet fakat,ama anlamına gelir ve But ve yet fakat,ama anlamına gelir ve zıtlık vurgulayan,çelişen sözcükleri zıtlık vurgulayan,çelişen sözcükleri birleştirir.birleştirir.

Beautiful but/yet stupidBeautiful but/yet stupid

Or seçenek sunarken (ya da anlamında Or seçenek sunarken (ya da anlamında kullanılır) sooner or later kullanılır) sooner or later

And,but,yet,or iki cümleyide birbirine And,but,yet,or iki cümleyide birbirine bağlayabilirbağlayabilir

The children were playing and the The children were playing and the parents were chatting.parents were chatting.

She did not feel well,yet she still went She did not feel well,yet she still went to workto work

I am too tired but I can do thisI am too tired but I can do this

He does not like meat nor does he He does not like meat nor does he like fishlike fish

She does not like him nor does she She does not like him nor does she like his like his

brotherbrother

She did not go to work for she was illShe did not go to work for she was ill

Bu gruptaki bağlaçlar ikili olarak Bu gruptaki bağlaçlar ikili olarak kullanılır:both…and,either…kullanılır:both…and,either…or,neither…noror,neither…nor

Not only…but also, not…but, not Not only…but also, not…but, not only…but as well.only…but as well.

Bu bağlaçlar genellikle iki Bu bağlaçlar genellikle iki özne,nesne,sıfat,zarf ve fiili sözcük özne,nesne,sıfat,zarf ve fiili sözcük öbeğini ya da cümleciği bağlayabilir.öbeğini ya da cümleciği bağlayabilir.

Both Ali and Ayşe will come with us Both Ali and Ayşe will come with us for the party tonightfor the party tonight

Not only but also Ayşe will come with Not only but also Ayşe will come with us for party tonightus for party tonight

She is neither short nor tall.She is neither short nor tall.

Either Ali or Ayşe will help meEither Ali or Ayşe will help me

Bir yan cümleyi temel cümleye Bir yan cümleyi temel cümleye bağlayan bağlayan when,before,because,although gibi when,before,because,although gibi sözcükler subordinating conjunctions sözcükler subordinating conjunctions diye isimlendirilir diye isimlendirilir

Although it was raining, she went out Although it was raining, she went out for a walkfor a walk

Because she was tired, she went Because she was tired, she went straight to bed straight to bed

Conjunctions as a ChartConjunctions as a ChartTime: Time: after, before, by the time, until , till , since ,as after, before, by the time, until , till , since ,as long as , so long as , while, as, when , whenever, once, long as , so long as , while, as, when , whenever, once, as soon as, immediately, the moment.as soon as, immediately, the moment.

Place:Place:where, wherever, as far as.where, wherever, as far as.

Manner:Manner:as, as if, as though, howas, as if, as though, how

Cause:Cause:because, as , since , seeing that, seeing as, for, because, as , since , seeing that, seeing as, for, as long as, inasmuch asas long as, inasmuch as

Purpose:Purpose:so that, in order that, for the purpose that, for so that, in order that, for the purpose that, for fear that, lestfear that, lest

Concession and Contrast:Concession and Contrast:Although, though, even Although, though, even though, while, whereas , much as, however, though, while, whereas , much as, however,

Condition:Condition:If, unless, only if, whether or not, even ifIf, unless, only if, whether or not, even if

Result:Result:So, so … that, such… thatSo, so … that, such… that

ADVERBIAL ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIMECLAUSES OF TIME

AfterAfterAfter I finish the sport, I will go out After I finish the sport, I will go out

for lunchfor lunch

BeforeBeforeBefore I go out for lunch, I will finish Before I go out for lunch, I will finish

the sportthe sport

WhenWhenWhen I got home, they were eating When I got home, they were eating

dinnerdinner

WhileWhileWhile I was walking up the street, I While I was walking up the street, I

ran into an old friendran into an old friend

AsAsAs I was taking the cake out of the As I was taking the cake out of the

oven, I burnt myselfoven, I burnt myself

By the timeBy the timeBy the time he comes back we will By the time he comes back we will

have finished out workhave finished out work

UntilUntil Until he comes back, we will cook Until he comes back, we will cook

the dinnerthe dinner

TillTill She will wait for me till I finish my She will wait for me till I finish my

workwork

SinceSince We have not seen each other since We have not seen each other since

we left the schoolwe left the school

As soon asAs soon asAs soon as I finish the work, we will As soon as I finish the work, we will

head to partyhead to party

ImmediatelyImmediately Immediately I saw her, I understood Immediately I saw her, I understood

that something was wrongthat something was wrong

The momentThe momentThe moment I saw her, I fell in love The moment I saw her, I fell in love

with herwith her

As long asAs long asI will not forgive him as long as I I will not forgive him as long as I

livelive

So long asSo long asSo long as I love you, I will never So long as I love you, I will never

forget youforget you

WheneverWheneverWhenever we are together, we Whenever we are together, we

enjoy a lot with our friendsenjoy a lot with our friends

The first timeThe first timeThe first I saw her, I thought that she The first I saw her, I thought that she

was the right girl to marry was the right girl to marry

The next timeThe next timeThe next time I see him, I will pay The next time I see him, I will pay

what I owewhat I owe

The last timeThe last timeThe last time I saw her, she was very The last time I saw her, she was very

happyhappy

Now thatNow thatNow that you have graduated, you Now that you have graduated, you

can go abroadcan go abroad

No sooner… thanNo sooner… thanNo sooner had I entered the No sooner had I entered the

house,than he started to cook house,than he started to cook

Hardly, Scarcely, Barely… whenHardly, Scarcely, Barely… when I had scarcely/hardly/barely received I had scarcely/hardly/barely received

his letter when he himself arrivedhis letter when he himself arrived

ThereforeThereforeHe did not like the party, therefore He did not like the party, therefore

he went out.he went out.

Seeing thatSeeing thatSeeing that the traffic was rather Seeing that the traffic was rather

heavy, we decided to take the back heavy, we decided to take the back roadroad

ConsequentlyConsequentlyHe did not let him take the car, He did not let him take the car,

consequently Jack broke his car downconsequently Jack broke his car down

Owing toOwing to Owing to his lack of interest, he did Owing to his lack of interest, he did

not decide to go to campingnot decide to go to camping

Due toDue to Due to the limited employment in Due to the limited employment in

rural areas many people are moving rural areas many people are moving to big citiesto big cities

Because ofBecause of I am crazy because of you.I am crazy because of you.

On account ofOn account ofOn account of the construction work On account of the construction work

on the highway going on for on the highway going on for sometime now, we have been taking sometime now, we have been taking another route to our workanother route to our work

As a resultAs a result It is raining heavily, as a result we It is raining heavily, as a result we

cannot go out for today to have a cannot go out for today to have a picnic with our classmatespicnic with our classmates

So…thatSo…that It was so windy that we could not go It was so windy that we could not go

sailingsailing

Such…thatSuch…that It was such a wonderful film that I It was such a wonderful film that I

watched it againwatched it again

So…asSo…asHis music at last performance was so His music at last performance was so

emotional as to make his harshest emotional as to make his harshest critics admit to his talent.critics admit to his talent.

Such…asSuch…asThe power of the film was such as to The power of the film was such as to

make me leave the cinema with tears make me leave the cinema with tears in my eyesin my eyes

ForForHe finished the meal quickly,for he He finished the meal quickly,for he

had not eaten anything since the had not eaten anything since the morningmorning

Result fromResult fromWhale’s facing extinction result from Whale’s facing extinction result from

men’s hunting them in large numbersmen’s hunting them in large numbers

Due to the fact thatDue to the fact thatDue to the fact that man hunts whales Due to the fact that man hunts whales

in large number, they face extinctionin large number, they face extinction

Owing to the fact thatOwing to the fact thatOwing to the fact that there was a lot Owing to the fact that there was a lot

of snow on way of school, the bus of snow on way of school, the bus driver decided not to go from that driver decided not to go from that way,instead he decided that it would way,instead he decided that it would be more convenient to go from that be more convenient to go from that way because that way was not closed way because that way was not closed cause of snow.cause of snow.

ThusThusWe went to party,thus we met a lot of We went to party,thus we met a lot of

people thanks to our schoold friends.people thanks to our schoold friends.

Result inResult inThe team did not train enough for the The team did not train enough for the

match last week which resulted in a match last week which resulted in a dissappointing result against their dissappointing result against their rivals in Sunday’s match that was 4-rivals in Sunday’s match that was 4-1 .1 .

For that reasonFor that reason He did not like to go to school He did not like to go to school

yesterday,for that reason he did not yesterday,for that reason he did not eat anything eat anything

In caseIn case Do not use this in case of fireDo not use this in case of fire

Even thoughEven though Even though it was good for Even though it was good for

everyone,Charley did not like iteveryone,Charley did not like it

Even ifEven ifI will not forgive you even if you I will not forgive you even if you

dodo

HoweverHoweverIt does not matter however hard It does not matter however hard

you try to unlock that door you try to unlock that door because it is stuck and will not because it is stuck and will not move until a stick is placed and move until a stick is placed and burst to open with a great power burst to open with a great power and you will not unlock that doorand you will not unlock that door

Feyza DemirkapakFeyza DemirkapakİİÖPİİÖP

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