connecting museums with linked data

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Connecting Museums with Linked Data以鏈結資料連結博物館

Hideaki Takeda 　武田英明[email protected]

National Institute of Informatics

国立情報学研究所

When Culture Encounters Internet Conference, December 14th-15th, 2010, Taipei

With LODAC project teamI. Ohmukai, F. Kato, T. Kamura, T. Takahashi, H. Ueda


Outline

Information Cycle Linked Data and Museum Data LODAC Museum


Information Cycle

Share

Collect

Use

Publish

Create&

Information can be created only based on existing information No information can be created out of nothing Collect – Use & Create

Value of information is how much it is used No value for information without use Use & Create – Publish

Accumulation of information is the wealth of society Distribution of information is the health of society Publish – Share -- Collect


Information Cycle

Share

Collect

Use

Publish

Create&

Before Gutenberg Media

Hand-writing booksOral communication

Information Cycle isSlowSmall amountFew People

After Gutenberg, the age of Mass media arrived …


Two social layers on information cycle with Mass Media

Share

Collect

Use

Publish

Create

Writer, Artist, ScholarMass media

Government

&


Two social layers on information cycle with Mass media

Share

Collect

Use

Publish

Create


Government

&

OrdinaryPeople

Collect

Use

Create&


Two social layers on information cycle with Mass Media

Share

Collect

Use

Publish

Create


Government

OrdinaryPeople &


WebShare

Collect

Use

Publish

Internet

Web Server

Web BrowserCreate

& HTML Editor

Search Engine

Information Cycle with Web

Open Door to Information Cycle for Ordinary People


WebInformation Cycle

Share

Collect

Use

Publish

Create&

Web accelerate Information Cycle in Speed Quantity People


WebShare

Collect

Use

Publish

Create&

Internet

Web Server

Web Browser HTML Editor

Search Engine

Information Cycle with Web


Metadata is the platform of Information Cycle

&

Metadata

Share

Collect

Use

Publish

&Create


Linked Data will be the platform of Information Cycle on the content layer

&

Metadata

Share

Collect

Use

Publish

&Create

Linked Data


LOD Cloud(Linking Open Data)


Linked Data – Four Rules

Linked Data is “Web of Data” (Traditional) Web is “Web of Documents”

What is Linked Data? RDF triples Can refer others Can be referred by others,

Four Rules for Linked Data Use URIs as names for things Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using

the standards (RDF*, SPARQL) Include links to other URIs. so that they can discover more things

Linked Data, TBL, http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html


Importance of data in public sector as Linked Data

In principle, it should be shared It is the basic knowledge of our society Data in public sector

Library Museum Archive Government


Challenges for Linked Data in Japan

Lack of culture of sharing Immature community for linked data Lack of central data Set Difficulty of multi-lingual data

Anyway let’s start!


LODAC Project

Open Social Semantic Web Platform for Academic Resources Providing platforms for Linked Data Practicing data accumulation and publishing

Interested Areas Museum information Geographical information, especially geographical names Local information …


Museum data as LOD

The state-of-the-art of museum information in Japan Distributed

Self maintained Isolated

OpaqueSelf designedMessy

Aggregating and associating museum information LODAC-Museum (tentative)


Over 1.4 billion collectionsOver 1,000 organizations


http://lod.ac/ (open on December 11)


LODAC Museum – Main work

Gathering of data Thesaurus, museum collections, etc

Standardization of data Representing data from different sources in a unique form

Integration of data Identifying data Associating the same data

Publishing and share of data


Data sources

Thesaurus and authority sources 日本美術シソーラス DB 絵画編

(Thesaurus of Japanese Art) 国指定文化財データベース

(DB for National Designated Cultural Property) 文化遺産オンライン

(Cultural Heritage Online) Museum Collection (14 museums)

国立美術館所蔵作品総合目録検索システム ( 国立国際美術館，京都国立近代美術館，東京国立近代美術館 ) (4 Nat’l Museums)

国立西洋美術館 (Nat’l M. Western Art) 京都国立博物館 (Kyoto Nat’l Museum) 奈良国立博物館 (Nara Nat’l Museum) 福島県立美術館 (Fukushima Pref. M. of Art)

Other sources DBPedia Japan GIS data

栃木県立美術館秋田県立近代美術館岩手県立美術館徳島県立近代美術館山梨県立美術館東京都現代美術館香川県立東山魁夷せとうち

美術館


Metadata design

Basic Structure Work – Creator – Museum

Interoperability is more considered than correctness in the domain DC> DCTerm> FOAF> iCal >SKOS>NDLSH> RDA> CIDOC

CRM Keep it flat as long as possiblePREFIX URI

crm http://purl.org/NET/cidoc-crm/core#

dc http://purl.org/dc/terms/

dc11 http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/

foaf http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

skos http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#

rdfs http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#

ical http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#

rda2 http://RDVocab.info/ElementsGr2

lodac http://lod.ac/ns/lodac#

lodac:Work Property( 一部項目省略 )資料分類 lodac:genre文化財 lodac:culturalAssets制作者 dc:creator / dc11:creator国籍 crm:P7_took_place_at作品名 dc:title / skos:prefLabel作品名読み dc:title @ja-hrkt / skos:altLabel作品名英語 dc:title @en / skos:altLabel銘文 crm:P62I_is_depicted_by印章 crm:P65_shows_visual_item員数 crm:P57_has_number_of_partsコレクション dc:isPartOf制作年 dc:created推定始年 lodac:estimatedStartYear材質 dc:medium / crm:P45_consists_of

Metadata elementsWork: 　 46Person: 　 23Org. 　 13Bib. 　 12


Integration Policy How to integrate data from different sources

sharing of responsibilityEach source is responsible for its data

Identifying IDs for data and managing data with the IDs LODAC is only responsible for integration

Assigning original IDs and associating other IDs to them

Data from Source B

24

Integrated data

dc:references dc:references



dc:creatordc:creator

crm:P55_has_current_location crm:P55_has_current_location

crm:P55_has_current_location dc:creator

Data from Source A

Work

Museum

Creator


Integration of Person Data

Matching of Creators Base: List of Artists from Thesaurus of Japanese Art Target: Creators of collection in museums + Dbpedia Method: String match of names Results: Links from artist nodes to work nodes are added

LODAC data

Link to Work

DBpedia

Basic Information for Creators

Links


徳島県立美術館　 Tokushima Pref. Museum


東京近代美術館　 National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo


国指定文化財データベース　 DB for National Designated Cultural Property


Tokushima Pref. Museum Thesaurus for Japanese ArtDB for National Designated

Cultural Property

National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo

Fukui Pref. Museum


Data size and Integration Results

Source Type No.

国立美術館 ( 西美を除く 3 館 ) Work 25180

国立西洋美術館 Work 4373

京都国立博物館 Work 5819

奈良国立博物館 Work 431

福島県立美術館 Work 20

栃木県立美術館 Work 32

秋田県立近代美術館 Work 22

岩手県立美術館 Work 1558

徳島県立近代美術館 Work 18482

山梨県立美術館 Work 262

東京都現代美術館 Work 5416

香川県立東山魁夷せとうち美術館 Work 266

Thesaurus for J. art Work 3800

Thesaurus for J. art Person 1332

Thesaurus for J. art Group 289

Thesaurus for J. art Museum 648

Cultural Heritage Online Museum 915

Designated Cultural Property DB Work 10115

合計 103096

Type for Integration

Sources No. Results

Museum Thesaurus for J. art 648 77

Cultural Heritage Online 915

Designated Cultural Property

Thesaurus for J. art (work) 3800 74

Designated Cultural Property DB

10115

work Thesaurus for J. art (work) 1332 15020

Museum collections (work) 61861

Person Thesaurus for J. art (artist) 1332 615

Museum collections (work) 61861

Museum collections


What can LOD give Museum Data?

Connectivity!!

Open Connectivity makes new values for museum data Connect to data in other areas Connect to UGC (User Generated Contents)


Local Information with Museum data

Museum LOD + Local LOD / Sightseeing LOD / Geo LOD

e.g., Tour visiting museums with a focus

Joint event with local festivals

Tour for food related historical events

…

37


User Generated Contents for Museum Information

1. Statue of Sarasvati 2. Ryohoji Temple

3. Theme Song for Ryohoji 4. Event

Contributions by non-experts

e.g.,

Personal comments for Buddha statues

Records of visiting museums

Media-mix events

弁財天像


Publish museum data as LOD

Let’s make museum data open and shareable

Change “cultural heritage” to “cultural resources”

(art/culture) * information = Promotion of the Nation

Beyond collaboration of Museum Library Archives(MLA)

MLA3(Museum Library Archives, Arts and Academia)

More users, more various types of usage


ARTS & CultureArt

Computer Science

Music

Movie

Media

Make arts and culture more dynamic and more energetic

Pop Culture