• consist of 由…构成，包含有 ( 无被动，无进行时 )• = be made up of • The UK consists of four countries.• The UK is made up of four countries.• consist in 在于• 幸福主要在于能感激你所拥有的东西。• Happiness consists in appreciating what you have.• 威尼斯之美就在于它具有古代建筑物的风格。• The beauty of Venice consists in the style of its ancient bu

ildings.

• divide vt. 分…；把…分开• Divide the money equally among / between us. • Divide this line into 20 equal parts.• The fence divides their land from ours.• divide vt. 以…来除 • If you divide 30 by 6, the answer is 5.• divide vt. 使有分歧，使不合• No quarrels shall divide us.• Their views on the subject were much divided.• division n. 划分；除法；分歧

• divide…into… (be divided into…) 把…分成…• separate…from… (be separated from…) 把…和…分离• divide 划分；把整体分成若干部分，破坏了宾语的完整

性　　　　• separate 分隔；把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来，没

有破坏宾语的完整性，只是将宾语分开• 请把这个班分成几个小组。• Please divide the class into several small groups.• 感染了非典的病人应该跟其他人隔离开来。• The patients infected with SARS should be separated from

other people.• As we joined the big crowd I got ___ from my friends.

A. separated B. divided C. lost D. puzzled

• Taiwan _______________ the mainland by the Taiwan Strait.

• He _________ the big eggs _____ the small ones. • I will _______ the apple _____ half / _____ halves. • They _________ at the school gate and went back home.

• The children sleep in ________ beds. • The questions are _________. • I want to talk to him about it __________.

is separated from

separated fromdivide in into

separately

separated分开，分手

separate 单独的，不同的

separate 分开的，互不相连的

• puzzle vt. 使迷惑不解• The question puzzled me. • puzzle about / over 苦思苦想，苦苦思考 • = puzzle one’s brain• He was studying the map and puzzling about the easiest

way to cross the mountain.• I am puzzling my brain about how to make my lesson livel

y and interesting.• puzzle out 仔细思考，设法想出• He spent the afternoon trying to puzzle out what had gone

wrong with his car.

• adj. puzzled 困 [ 迷 ] 惑的 puzzling 令人迷惑 [ 费解 ]的

• His face wore a puzzled expression. • The situation was more puzzling than ever.• puzzle n. 难题，谜；困惑，迷惑• I am in a puzzle about the matter.• He listened to the lecture with a ___ expression.

A. puzzled B. puzzling C. puzzle D. being puzzled

不知如何是好，感到困惑

• There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.• ( 某人 ) 没有必要做某事• There is no need (for you) to come if you don’t want to. • Is there any need to explain any further?• There is no sense in doing sth.• There is no point in doing sth.• (It is) no wonder (that)…• There is no doubt…

• debate v. 辩论，讨论　• We debated until the bar closed.• I debated (about) the question with Mary.• 考虑，讨论 ( 如何是好 )• I’m debating where to go on holiday.• debate n. 讨论，辩论 • After a long debate, the House of Commons approved the

bill.• under debate 正在讨论 [ 辩论 ] 中• The whole question of compensation is still under debate.

debate

argue

quarrel

debate / argue / quarrel• debate v. / n. ( 正式的 ) 辩论，讨论 ( 如在公众场合或议

会中 )• argue v. 争论，争吵，争辩 n. argument• quarrel v. / n. 争论，争吵 ( 常因琐事而争吵 )

• You can clarify this question if you study British history.• clarify vt. 使清楚，澄清，阐明• He clarified his stand on the issue.• I hope that what I say will clarify the misunderstanding.• 他的说明解开了这个谜。• His explanation clarified the mystery.

• include v. including pre. included p.p.• The United Kingdom includes Northern Ireland and Wales.• The policemen put three men into prison, including your b

rother.• The price is 500 yuan, service charge included.

• Don’t refer to me in your letter or in your speech.

• A person refers to a dictionary to find the meaning of words.

• The speaker often referred to his notes.• When I said some people are stupid I wasn’t referring to

you.• The new law does not refer to land used for farming.• Don’t refer to your sister as a silly cow!• He referred his success to the good teaching he’s had.

提到，谈到

查阅，参阅

指的是适用于

把…称作

归功于，归咎于

as well / as well as• Are they coming __________?• She is a talented musician _________ a photographer.• He plays the guitar ___________.• E-mail, as well as telephone, ___ an important part in

daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play

• Miss Han, ___ Mrs. Howe, speaks good French. They often talk in French.A. so well as B. as good as C. as well as D. so good as

• John plays football ___, if not better than, David.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

as well / tooas well as

as well / too

• break away (from) 从…突然逃脱；与…断绝关系，脱离；摆脱 ( 旧习，束缚 )

• break down 出故障； ( 计划，谈判等 ) 失败，坚持不下去；身体垮掉

• break into vt. 强行进入，非法进入；突然发出• break into laughter / tears• break in vi. 强行进入，非法进入；打岔，插嘴• break out ( 战争、瘟疫、火灾 ) 爆发• break through 突破，打通，穿透；取得重大成果• break off 突然停止，中断 ( 谈判 )• break up 碎开；散 ( 会 ) ，驱散 ( 群众 ) ；破裂，瓦解

• The telephone system broke ________.• It was not right for the south to break ________ the

Union.• Police were called in to break _______ the meeting

because it was against the law.• The boy often breaks _____ while the teacher is giving a

lecture.• You must break _________ from the bad habit.• After the shower, the sun broke ___________.• I am sure the house was broken ________ last night, for

the window is broken.• The ice began to break _____ on the river.• The peace talks between the countries have __________

with no agreement reached.

downaway from

up

in

awaythroughinto

upbroken down

• convenience [U] 适合，方便； [C] 便利设施，带来方便的设施

• We bought this house for its convenience.• A washing machine is one of the many modern convenien

ces.• for convenience 为了方便，为了实用• I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience.• at one’s convenience 在…方便的时候• I will come and meet you at your convenience.

• convenient adj. 方便的 • Every morning she gave him an hour’s lesson at a conven

ient time after breakfast.• it is / was convenient for / to sb. • 在某人方便时，主语常是物• When would it be convenient for / to you?• Will the 3:50 train be convenient to you?• Come and see me whenever ___.

A. you are convenient B. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you

• historical adj. ( 有关 ) 历史的，基于史实的• The book is based on historical events.• Was King Arthur a real historical figure?• historic adj. 历史上有名的，有历史意义的• Waterloo is a historic battlefield.• Japan and China signed a historic peace and friendship tr

eaty.

worthwhile, worthy, worth• be worth + n. 值 ( 钱 )/ 值得…• be worth doing 某事值得被做• be worthy of + n. 值得，配得上　• be worthy to be done / of being done 某事值得被做• It is worthwhile doing / to do sth. 值得去做某事• worth adj. 只作表语，不作定语 • worthwhile adj. 既可作表语又可作定语• worthy adj. 作定语时，意思为“值得尊敬的，可敬的”

worthwhile / worth / worthy• The book is _______ reading. = It is __________ reading

the book.• Nursing is a very __________ job.• He was _______ of help.• The exhibition is well ______ a visit.• He thinks teaching foreign language is __________.• He is a ______ man.

worthyworthwhile

worth worthwhile

worthworthwhile

worthy

• influence vt. 影响，对…产生影响• I don’t want to influence you. You must decide for yourself.• What influenced you to take the job?• influence n. 影响 (力 )• She used her influence with the chairman to get me the jo

b.• have (an) influence on / upon / over 对…有影响• Religion has a great influence on man’s behavior.• under the influence of 在…影响下• influence [C]产生影响的人或事物• His friends were a bad / good influence on him.

• leave out 漏掉 ( 没写 ) ，遗漏；删掉• You have left out some figures in your calculation.• I hope you won’t leave the excellent material out.• leave off 停止；脱掉，不穿，关上• We leave off work at five.• leave on 穿着不脱；让 (电灯等 ) 开着• Don’t leave the light on.• leave behind 忘了带，遗忘• I think I left my credit card behind at the restaurant.

• leave for 动身到 ( 某处 )• He left home for the station a few minutes ago.• leave alone 不管，别惹，别碰；让某人独自待着• Leave that alone. You’ll break it.• Oh, just leave me alone, will you?• leave over 使剩余，遗留；暂时搁置 (留待下次解决 )• I gave the children two apples each and I had 3 left over.• Let’s leave the matters over till next month.• Save the leftovers for the dog.• The canal project is a leftover.• leave word 留下口信• He has left word I should wait in his room.

pl. 剩下的饭菜 遗留的问题

• take the place of sb. = take sb.’s place 代替，接替• Who is taking the place of her? = taking her place?• take one’s place 入座• Take your places, please. We are about to start.• in place of 代替，用…而不用…• We Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.• in place 放在本来的地方；适当的 • The picture is not in place on the wall.• That remark was not in place.• out of place 地方放得不对；不恰当的• Some of the books are out of place.

• in the first (second) place 首先 ( 其次 )• In the first place, I must make a plan for my study and in t

he second place, I should have a good way.• give place to 让位给，把座位让给• It is time he gave place to a younger man.• Time passes and the old gives place to the new.• take place vs. happen

• delight v. ( 使 )高兴• He delighted them with his performance.• delight in (doing) sth. 以…为乐• She delights in cooking fancy dishes.• delight [U]高兴，快乐； [C] 使人高兴的事• I listened to the news with delight.• Her dancing was a delight to watch. • take delight in doing sth. 以…为乐• to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是• delighted adj. 愉快的，高兴的• We were delighted to receive your letter.• I was delighted at the news.

• arrange vt. 整理，排列；安排• I began to arrange the flowers in the vases. • Let’s arrange a meeting for next Friday.• The manager arranged to meet his workers.• I’ve arranged for a car to pick them up at the station. • He has arranged for this man to help us.• It has been arranged that he should teach us English.• arrangement n. 安排• I’m perfectly satisfied with your arrangements.• make arrangements (for…) 做安排• What arrangements have you made?

• available adj. • 可以找到 [ 得到的 ]• A limited number of seats are still available.• There was no tickets available for Friday’s performance.• 可以利用，可供使用• Plenty of rooms are available.• The ticket is available until the end of the month.• ( 指人 ) 有空的，不忙的• The man is not available for the job; he has other work.• The President was not available for comment.