CONSULTATION ON SUSTAINABLE SANITATION

9th September 2009Bangalore

TSC: EXPERIENCES & RECOMMENDATIONS

TSC …. KEY OBJECTIVES…

Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life

Accelerate sanitation coverage …access to toilets to all by 2012.

Motivate communities and PRIs promoting sustainable sanitation facilities through awareness creation and health education.

….cover schools by March 2008 and Anganwadis by March 2009, with sanitation facilities and promote hygiene education and sanitary habits...

Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation.

Develop community managed environmental sanitation systems focusing on solid & liquid waste management.

DELHI DECLARATION VIS-À-VIS TSC GUIDELINESDelhi Declaration Water and sanitation as

rights Preserve dignity of

sanitation workers Focus on excluded

communities including people with special needs

Gender friendly sanitation including menstrual hygiene

Monitoring of outcome and impact

TSC Guideline TSC guidelines do not

recognize this right No mention in TSC

guidelines Limited financial support for

toilet construction for the disabled, nothing on technology

No mention of menstrual hygiene

Current monitoring based on expenditure and construction

KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES

Issues Impressive progress

in coverage- however around 50% of the target achieved

Old BLS: The base figure are from 2001-03 against which progress and achievement are measured

Challenges How to sustain

momentum while ensuring quality of construction and sustained use?

Strike a balance between community processes and project time frame.

KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES

Issues

Sanitation still a low priority for community – hence low effective demand

There is no proportionate plan of demand creation & supply chain

Challenges

Focus on effective demand as a precursor to construction of facilities

What arrangements to be made for effective/efficient supply of low cost inputs?

KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGESIssues

Structure/mechanism for raising effective demand

Challenges Innovative

partnership with NGOs rather than vertical contracts/ monitored by INGOs? SHGs/ CBOs? Frontline functionaries team? Role of PRI?

KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES

Issues Limited human resource

support to emphasis on change in behaviour than construction

J.E., RWSS/ DWSD section in the block is over loaded with rural water supply programme and its maintenance. Sanitation is a low/no priority

Challenges Provision of admin &

overhead support for district & block coordinators to expedite the progress does not exist in Budget

KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES

Issues

Coercive implementation strategy in certain cases leading to poor or un-sustainable use of facilities

Challenges

Ensure sustained use and maintenance: can we look at legal provisions like PRIs exercising their right to enforce penalty?

KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES

Issues

Programme largely shaped by the subsidy component: impacts on effective demand creation/ use/maintenance

Challenges

Evolve innovative and effective use of subsidies; how to ensure that equity issues are not compromised within a subsidy regime?

How to promote support as an incentive mode than subsidy?

KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES

Issues Menstrual hygiene

and specific needs of women and girl child yet to be adequately focused in programme strategy

Challenges To develop a

sensitive awareness and education package at the community and school level.

How to sensitize / build capacities of implementing agencies for the same?

KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES

Issues Inadequate technical

monitoring-implications for sustainability of structures/quality of ground water source /house hold awareness about maintenance.

Community is not aware about the pit maintenance & pit emptying process

Single model of one/twin leach pit is emphasized in TSC program

Challenges Who should be

responsible for monitoring during construction???

How to ensure area specific designs in different geological (Sub-surface) condition :flood/ Sandy/ rocky/water logged areas

How & who will make provision for the people with special needs like disabled, PLWHA?

KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGESIssues

Lack of linkage with health & hygiene/ acceptance of toilets largely as a convenience or privacy factor does not lead to whole-household use or round -the- year use. Connection between sanitation and health is not emphasized The burden is on the woman to carry extra water for the toilet who then discourages the household to build toilets

Challenges The challenge is to change sanitation related behaviors of the whole household;

the challenge is also to develop and integrate a usage- monitoring system Educating public on relation between sanitation & health Linkage between water availability & usage of toilets

KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES

Issues TSC has become

target (construction) driven and largely focused on latrinization. Solid & Liquid Waste Management is completely neglected.

Challenges Efficient use &

monitoring of the 10% of Project cost allocated  for   SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT.

KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES

Issues NGP is seen as an

end to achieve an award and not as a process to achieve Total Sanitation

Challenges How to maintain

Gram Panchayat status as Nirmal and how to reduce the percentage of slippage?

EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS

Programme approach/management Strategize to implement ‘TOTAL SANITATION’ (not only toilet construction) Focus on key outcome indicators to measure progress (a) effective demand; (b) whole- household usage/whole- year usage; (c) maintenance plan; (d) status of ground water quality; (d) use and maintenance in schools /anganwadis/ institutions (e) health benefits (f) behaviour change Outcome monitoring could be done by complementing on line TSC monitoring system with periodic field based reviews and community monitoring systems, other than the annual NGP verification carried out by Government of India Include menstrual hygiene as a component of the campaign Timely release of funds and effective monitoring of utilization (not disbursement) of funds

EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS Ensure adequate technical supervision/establish

a system of ground water quality monitoring / explore community based surveillance systems( link with NRDWQM&SP)

Alternative (community based & led) delivery and maintenance mechanism

Providing water supply to NGPs and ensuring that G.Ps where toilet construction is done  and attained the status of Nirmal Grampanchayat get the facility of pipe water supply on priority

Department can integrate water and sanitation program to achieve TSC objective in totality

Facilitate development of district specific strategies; establish a system of concurrent documentation/ assessment of experiences/ sharing of lessons.

Prohibiting Open defecation, legally / making provision for punishment for open defecation

EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS

Institutional arrangements/ capacity building Mechanism for convergence of departments at district /GP

level Build capacities of stakeholders (sarpanch / panchayat

secretary/front line functionaries/ etc.) There is a need for key resource centre for WASH at state

level with multi disciplinary team (Engineers, Sociologist, Documentation & Publication Expert and M&E person). The expected roles of key resource centre can be

Support in enhancing the capacities of all the stake holders. Provide technical support in implementation of TSC. Provide quality feedback on construction and improvement. Review TSC  Implementation in all the districts. And help

the district administration in developing district sanitation plan and strategy

Regular review meet of SWSM & DWSM

EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONSPartnerships Establish partnership with Support

Organizations for delivery of goods and services/ technical supervision/ effective demand creation/ management of NGOs / capacity building

EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS

Need for Rural Sanitation Policy States 5 year Programme Plan

THANK YOU