consumer equilibrium
TRANSCRIPT
miHkksDrk lkE; DR.EKRAMUDDIN SIDDIQUI
PGT ECONOMICSJNV FAIZABAD (U.P.)
miHkksDrk lkE;
miHkksDrk lkE; dh fLFkfr rc gksrk gS tc miHkksDrk nh gqbZ cktkj dher ij viuh vk; bl izdkj O;; djrk gS fd mls vf/kDre lUrskl izkIr gksA
mi;ksfxrk dh /kkj.kk oLrqvksa esa bPNk dks lUrq’V djus dh ‘’kfDr mi;ksfxrk dgykrh gS A
vFkok oLrqvksa dk og xq.k mi;ksfxrk dgykrk gS tks bPNk dks lUrq’V djrk gS A
dqy vSkj lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dqy mi;ksfxrk TU dk vFkZ lhekUr mi;ksfxrk MU: TU/Q
?kVrh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dqy vSkj lhekUr mi;ksfxrk odz
dqy vSkj lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dh /kkj.kk
dqy mi;ksfxrk dh /kkj.kkdqy mi;ksfxrk & oLrqvksa dh
lHkh bdkbvksa ds miHkksx ls izkIr gksus okyh mi;ksfxrkvksa dk ;ksx dqy mi;ksfxrk dgykrk gS A
tSls & ,d oLrq ls 10 mi;ksfxrk $ nwljh oLrq ls 11 mi;ksfxrk = dqy mi;ksfxrk
TU = ∑MU
lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dh /kkj.kk lhekUr mi;ksfxrk & oLrq dh ,d
vfrfjDr bdkbZ ds miHkskx ls dqy mi;ksfxrk esa tks ifjorZu mls lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dgrs gS A
;fn 10oha bdkbZ ls dqy mi;ksfxrk 100 izkIr gksrh gS rFkk 11oha bdkbZ ls dqy mi;ksfxrk 111 izkIr gksrh gS rks lhekUr mi;ksfxrk ¾ 111 & 100 ¾ 11
MU = TU – TU
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Packetsof crisps
TUin utils
0123456
07
1113141413
Util
ity (u
tils)
Packets of crisps consumed (per day)
TU
Darren’s utility from consuming crisps (daily)
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Packetsof crisps
TUin utils
0123456
07
1113141413
MUin utils
-74210
-1
Util
ity (u
tils)
Packets of crisps consumed (per day)
TU
Darren’s utility from consuming crisps (daily)
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Packetsof crisps
TUin utils
0123456
07
1113141413
MUin utils
-74210
-1
Util
ity (u
tils)
Packets of crisps consumed (per day)
TU
MU
Darren’s utility from consuming crisps (daily)
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 1 2 3 4 5 6MU
TU = 2
Q = 1
MU = TU / Q
Util
ity (u
tils)
Packets of crisps consumed (per day)
TU
Darren’s utility from consuming crisps (daily)
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 1 2 3 4 5 6MU
MU = TU / Q = 2/1 = 2
Util
ity (u
tils)
Packets of crisps consumed (per day)
TU
TU = 2
Q = 1
Darren’s utility from consuming crisps (daily)
js[kkfprz2
42
01
61
2 8 4 0-2
1 2 3 4 5 6
TU M
U
X oLrq dk miHkksx
TUx
MUx
dqy mi;ksfxrk odz24
20
16
12
8 4 0
1 2 3 4 5 6
TU
X oLrq dk miHkksx
TUx
dqy mi;ksfxrk vkSj lhekUr mi;ksfxrk esa lEcU/k
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
Uti
lity
ekrzk 1 2 3 4 5 6
lhekUr mi;ksfxrk odz
MUx
+ve
Zero
-ve
dqy mi;ksfxrk vkSj lhekUr mi;ksfxrk esa lEcU/k
1. fdlh oLrq ,d vfrfjDr bdkbZ ds miHkksx djus ij lhekUr mi;ksfxrk ?kVrh gS ysfdu dqy mi;ksfxrk c<rh gSA
2. izFke pkj bdkbZ;ksa dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk /kukRed jgrh gS rks dqy mi;ksfxrk c<rh tkrh gS A
3. tc lhekUr mi;ksfxrk ’kwU; jgrh gS rks dqy mi;ksfxrk vf/kDre gksrh gS A
4. Tkc lhekUr mi;ksfxrk _.kkRed jgrh gS rks dqy mi;ksfxrk ?kVrh gS A
?kVrh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e ?kVrh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e ;g
dgrk gS fd ,d
oLrq dh vfrfjDr bdkbZ;ksa dk yxkrkj miHkksx djus ij
izkIr gksus okyh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk ?kVrh tkrh gS A
miHkksDrk lkE; & ,d oLrq ds lEcU/k esa
miHkskDrk )kjk oLrq dh [kjhnkjh rhu dkjdksa ij fuHkZj djrh gS A
1. oLrq dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk
2. oLrq dh dher
3. eqnzk dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk
lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dh rkfydk
X dh bdkbZ MUx MUmoney
1 20 102 18 103 16 104 10 105 0 106 -5 10
js[kkfprzM
Ux
/ MU
m
X oLrq dk miHkksx 1 2 3 4 5 6
201816141210 8 6 4 2 0
MUx
MUmP E
Px = MUxMUm
miHkksDrk lkE; dh n’kk,a &,d oLrq ds lEcU/k esa
oLrq dh dher = eqnzk dh lhekUr
mi;ksfxrk
Px =
oLrq dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk
MUxMUm
MUx
Px=MUm
miHkksDrk lkE; dh ekU;rk,a1. miHkksDrk foosd’khy gS A
2. miHkksDrk dh vk; fLFkj gS A
3. oLrq dh dher fLFkj gS A
4. eqnzk dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk fLFkj gS A
eqnzk dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk D;k gS \
eqnzk dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dk vFkZ gS ^ ,d #i;s ds cjkcj ds ewY; * A ekuk ,d #i;s dk ewY; = 4 ;wfVy gS
miHkksDrk lkE; dh n’kk,a & nks oLrq ds lEcU/k esa
ekuk miHkksDrk X rFkk Y oLrq dk miHkksx dj jgk gS &
X oLrq dh fLFkfr esa miHkksDrk lkE; = Mum
Y oLrq dh fLFkfr esa miHkksDrk lkE; = Mum
= = MUm
PxMUx
PyMUy
PxMUx
PyMUy
js[kkfprzh; mnkgj.k ekuk Px = P = 1 Rs.
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
MUx MUy
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
MUxMUy
lkE; dk foUnq
fLFkj MUmR
O;k[;k & lkE; voLFkk rc gksxh tc
vc pWwfd Px = Py =1 lkE; lehdj.k gksxk % MUx = MUy = Mum A
mijksDr fprz esa R foUnq ij MUx = MUy (=25;wfVy)AmiHkksDrk oLrq&X dh bdkbZ;ka vkSj oLrq&Y dh 12 bdkbZ;ka [kjhn jgk gS A oLrq&X dh tc og 8oha bdkbZ;ka bdkbZ [kjhnrk gS ]rc mldk MUx = 25 ;wfVy gS ( oLr q&Y dh tc og 12oh bdkbZ [kjhnrk gS] rc mldk MUy = 25 ;wfVy gS A
MUmPyMUy
PxMUx
miHkksDrk )kjk ,d #i;s ds cjkcj vuqHko dk xbZ lUrqf’V Hkh MUy = 25 ;wfVy gS( ;g fLFkj ;k leku gS tSlk fd R foUnq ij gS tgWk MUx = MUy = Mum A pwfd izfr bdkbZ dher Px = Py =1 #i;k gS( miHkskDrk X rFkk Y ij 20 Rs [kpZ djrk gS rFkk lkE; voLFkk esa og oLrq X dh 8 vkSj oLrq Y dh 12 bdkbZ;ka [kjhn jgk gS A