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Thank you for ordering the Customer-Owned Outside Plant Design Manual , 3rd edition, 2004. Please placethe chapter tabs in front of the title page for each chapter.

We welcome all comments about this manual. If you have any questions about BICSI and its services,please contact our office at 800-242-7405 (USA/Canada toll free); +1 813-979-1991; fax +1 813-971-4311;e-mail bicsi@bicsi.org; Web site www.bicsi.org.

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Customer-OwnedOutside Plant Design Manual3rd edition

Tampa, Florida

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© 2004 by BICSI ®

Printed in the United States of America

Third edition published 2004 by BICSI

First printing March 2004

ISBN: 1-928886-21-3

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be used, reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any

means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage andretrieval system, without prior agreement and written permission from the publisher, except for theinclusion of brief quotations in a review.

The contents of this manual are subject to revision without notice due to continued progress inmethodology, design, and manufacturing.

THIS MANUAL IS SOLD AS IS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, RESPECTING THECONTENTS OF THIS BOOK, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES FORTHE MANUAL’S QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR ANYPARTICULAR PURPOSE. BICSI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO THE PURCHASER OR ANY OTHER

ENTITY WITH RESPECT TO ANY LIABILITY, LOSS, OR DAMAGE CAUSED DIRECTLY ORINDIRECTLY BY THIS MANUAL.

BICSI World Headquarters8610 Hidden River ParkwayTampa, FL 33637-1000 USA800-242-7405 (USA/Canada toll free); +1 813-979-1991fax: +1 813-971-4311e-mail: bicsi@bicsi.orgVisit our Web site: www.bicsi.org

All brand names, trademarks, and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders.

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Thank you for ordering the third edition of BICSI’s Customer-Owned Outside Plant (CO-OSP) Design Manual . The officers and directors of BICSI are pleased to provide an up-to-date reference manual that offersproven design guidelines and methods accepted by the telecommunications industry. Volunteers from outsidethe United States and Canada have provided input to make this edition of the CO-OSP more suitable for aninternational audience.

An international telecommunications association, BICSI serves the industry by providing excellentopportunities to learn new technologies through the Registered Communications Distribution Designer(RCDD ®) registration program, LAN and OSP Specialty enhancements, telecommunications distributiondesign and installation courses, several educational conferences each year, and technical publications suchas the Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual, Network Design Reference Manual,Telecommunications Cabling Installation Manual, Residential Network Cabling Manual , and the

BICSI Telecommunications Dictionary.

If you have questions about BICSI and its services, please contact our office at 800-242-7405 (USA/Canadatoll free) or +1 813-979-1991; fax: +1 813-971-4311. You may also contact BICSI via e-mail and our Website: www.bicsi.org and bicsi@bicsi.org. We welcome your comments about the CO-OSP Design Manual .To do so, simply complete the Reader’s Comment Form in the Preface of this manual and return it to BICSI.Our goal is to make BICSI publications the most important tools in your office.

Russ Oliver, RCDD/LAN Specialist, President

John Bakowski, RCDD/LAN/OSP Specialist, President-Elect

Steve Calderon, RCDD/LAN/OSP Specialist, Secretary

Edward J. Donelan, RCDD/LAN Specialist, Treasurer

Christine Klauck, RCDD/LAN Specialist, U.S. Northeast Region Director

Jerry V. Allen, RCDD, U.S. Southeast Region Director

Brian Hansen, RCDD/LAN Specialist, U.S. North-Central Region Director

James R. Craig, RCDD/LAN Specialist, U.S. South-Central Region Director

Stephan Fowler, RCDD, U.S. Western Region Director

Roman Dabrowski, RCDD, Canadian Region Director

John Laban, RCDD/LAN Specialist, European Region Director

Colin Browitt, RCDD, South Pacific Region Director

Mel E. Lesperance, RCDD, Executive Director

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Warning

It is the responsibility of the user of this manual to determine and use the applicablesafety and health practices (e.g., in the United States, Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration [OSHA], National Electrical Code ® [NEC ®] , National ElectricalSafety Code® [NESC ®] ) associated with customer-owned outside plant (CO-OSP).CO-OSP is inherently dangerous. BICSI shall not be liable to the purchaser or anyother entity with respect to any liability, loss, or damage caused directly or indirectlyby application or use of this manual. No project is so important, nor any completiondeadline so critical, to justify the nonconformance with industry standards.

This manual does not address safety issues associated with its use. It is the designer’sresponsibility to use established, and appropriate safety and health practices, and todetermine the applicability of all regulatory agencies.

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Acknowledgments

BICSI’s officers and membership wish to thank the following who have contributed their time and skills indeveloping the 3rd edition of the Customer-Owned Outside Plant (CO-OSP) Design Manual .

George Fewell, RCDD, World IT Solutions LLC.John Adams, RCDD/OSP Specialist, Adams TelecomDonna Ballast, RCDD, dbiJeff Beavers, RCDD/OSP Specialist, University of Kansas, NTS Carl Bonner, RCDD/OSP Specialist, Network Communications Supply CompanyEd Brower, RCDD/OSP Specialist, BellSouth TelecommunicationsTerri M. Brown, Superior Essex Cindy Corliss, BICSI

Edward C. Cronin, RCDD, Superior Essex James R. Craig, RCDD/LAN Specialist, ComNet Communications, Inc.Robert Faber, RCDD/LAN Specialist, The Siemon CompanyBob Gross, RCDD, RM Gross, Inc .Joan Hersh , BICSI Joe Hite, RCDD/OSP Specialist, CT CommunicationsBob Jensen, RCDD, Fluke Networks, Inc .Jay Paul Myers, RCDD, OrtronicsSam Rosenthal, RCDD/LAN Specialist, General DynamicsMike St. Angelo, RCDD, A+, Network+Ron Shaver, RCDD/LAN/OSP Specialist, BICSI Ray Yeager, RCDD, Peachtree Telecommunications Intl, LLC

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BICSI Policy for Numeric Representation of Units of Measure

International System of Units (SI)

BICSI technical manuals primarily follow the modern metric system, known as theInternational System of Units (SI). The SI is intended as a basis for worldwide standardizationof measurement units. All units of measure in this manual are expressed in SI terms, followedby an equivalent empirical (U.S. customary) unit of measure in parentheses (see exceptionslisted below).

Style Guidelines• In general, SI units of measure are converted to an empirical unit of measure and placed

in parentheses. Exception: When the reference material from which the value is pulled isprovided in empirical units only, the empirical unit is the benchmark.

• In general, soft (approximate) conversions are used in this manual. Soft conversions areconsidered reasonable and practicable; they are not precise equivalents. In someinstances, precise equivalents (hard conversions) may be used when it is a:

– Manufacturer requirement for a product.

– Standard or code requirement.

– Safety factor.• For metric conversion practices, refer to ANSI/IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997, Standard for

Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System .• Trade size is approximated for both SI and empirical purposes. Example: 103 mm

(4 trade size).

• American wire gauge (AWG) and plywood are not assigned dual designation SI units.Dimensions shown in association with AWGs represent the equivalent solid conductordiameter. When used in association with flexible wires, AWG is used to representstranded constructions whose cross-sectional area (circular mils) is approximatelyequivalent to the solid wire dimensions provided.

• In some instances (e.g., optical fiber media specifications), the physical dimensions andoperating wavelengths are designated.

• When Celsius temperatures are used, an equivalent Fahrenheit temperature is placed inparentheses.

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BICSI…An International Telecommunications Association

About BICSI

The BICSI mission statement says it best!

“Leading the telecommunications industry in the enhancement of quality servicesand methods around the globe by providing excellence in education, promotingskills sharing, and assessing knowledge with professional registration programs.”

BICSI is a professional not-for-profit telecommunications association, founded in 1974 toserve and support telephone company building industry consultants (BICs) responsible for thedesign and distribution of telecommunications wiring in commercial and multi-dwellingbuildings.

BICSI has grown dramatically since those early days and is now recognized worldwide as aneducational resource for the cabling infrastructure industry. Our membership spans the globe

and our services cover the broad spectrum of voice, data, and video technologies. BICSImembers include cabling contractors, manufacturers, systems integrators, electricalcontractors, end users, and many other types of telecommunications professionals.

BICSI is headquartered in Tampa, Florida, USA, and currently has offices in Australia, Brazil,Japan, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. BICSI serves nearly 25,000 members and installersin more than 110 countries around the world.

BICSI Member Benefits

BICSI membership is your key to a successful career in telecommunications. Memberbenefits extend into the technical, legislative, and even the financial realms of this competi-tive industry. Membership offers ample opportunities for professional networking, and careerdevelopment and advancement. BICSI assists telecommunications professionals with theircareers by providing training, certification, conferences, and publications in the design andinstallation of voice, data, and video technologies.

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BICSI Member Benefits, continued

Member Discounts

BICSI members receive substantial discounts on quality education—manuals, design courses,

and conferences. BICSI members also receive discounts on TIA cabling standards, CablingStandards Update Newsletter, industry-related reports, CABA conferences, and SCTEproducts and conferences. In addition, BICSI offers health, dental, vision, disability, term life,accidental death and dismemberment, and errors and omissions insurance rates for individualmembers and/or their companies.

International Credentials

BICSI’s professional registration programs are internationally recognized.

RCDD ® • RCDD/LAN Specialist • RCDD/OSP Specialist

Registered Installer, Level 1 • Registered Installer, Level 2 • Registered Technician

Registered Residential Installer

• The title Registered Communications Distribution Designer (RCDD) is awarded to BICSImembers who demonstrate expertise in the design, implementation, and integration of telecommunications and data communications transport systems and related infrastructurecomponents.

• Designed to enhance the RCDD, the Local Area Network (LAN) Specialty (RCDD/LANSpecialty) designation recognizes a BICSI member’s proficiency in LAN and internet-working design.

• The Customer-Owned Outside Plant Specialty (RCDD/OSP Specialty) designationrecognizes a BICSI member’s proficiency in CO-OSP design.

• The Registered Cabling Installers and Technicians demonstrate their proficiency inconducting site surveys, pulling cable, and terminating and testing copper and opticalfiber cable to the highest level of specification.

• The Registered Residential Installers demonstrate their ability to design and install avariety of residential structured cabling network systems, including new construction orretrofits.

Vendor-Neutral Training

BICSI presents leading-edge technical training in all phases of telecommunicationsdistribution design and installation. These courses are offered at hundreds of locations acrossthe country and around the world, including more than 130 BICSI-licensed training centers.

In addition, BICSI can bring its first-class training to your location. All BICSI courses areavailable for on-site training, BICSI also offers a number of online courses.

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BICSI Member Benefits, continued

Educational Conferences

BICSI members gain knowledge and continuing education credits by attending BICSI

conferences. Each year BICSI hosts design conferences in North America, as well as regularlyscheduled conferences held in other BICSI Districts and Regions worldwide. Conferencesinclude presentations by leaders in the telecommunications industry and opportunities tonetwork with your peers.

Technical Publications

Receive substantial discounts on BICSI’s highly acclaimed manuals—long considered thedefinitive reference source of the industry. BICSI manuals serve as valuable reference toolsand detailed study guides for BICSI courses and exams. Also available on CD-ROM, BICSImanuals are based on recognized codes, standards, and regulations. Our most popularpublications include the Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual, Network Design

Reference Manual, LAN and Internetworking Applications Guide, Customer-Owned OutsidePlant Design Manual, Telecommunications Cabling Installation Manual , Residential Network Cabling Manual, and BICSI Telecommunications Dictionary . BICSI has also released an

Introduction to Commercial Voice/Data Cabling Systems video and workbook to aid thenoncabling professional.

In May 2004, the 1 st edition of the Wireless Design Reference Manual will be published. Inaddition to wireless LAN design information, this new manual encompasses many otherareas including radio frequency, personal area networks, antenna systems, cellular, paging,networking, troubleshooting, and system optimization. The goal of this new manual is tokeep BICSI members up-to-date and on the cutting edge of wireless technology.

BICSI’s reference manuals also are translated into selected foreign language editions.

Legislative and Standards Involvement

In the United States, the BICSI Governmental Relations Committee constantly monitorslegislative, regulatory, and judicial activities, and will advise you of any actions that affectBICSI and its membership. In addition, BICSI’s representatives take active roles in standards-setting panels and agencies worldwide.

Career Opportunities

BICSI members have an inside advantage when looking for employment opportunities. TheBICSI Web site (www.bicsi.org) offers free employment and resume listing on BICSI’s JobBoard. In addition, BICSI awards more than US$30,000 per year in career development

scholarships for members and their families.

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BICSI Member Benefits, continued

Newsletters and Web Site

BICSI helps keep you in touch with industry news and association activities through the

BICSI News. In addition, Region Directors and District Chairs help keep you current withtelecommunications happenings in your area through the local Region News and District

News . BICSI members also receive regular mailings about courses, conferences, and exams.

The updated BICSI Web site at www.bicsi.org offers information on BICSI publications,training courses, educational conferences, professional registration programs, online ordering,course registration, discussion forums, job board, member certifications, listings of almost15,000 BICSI Registered Installers and Technicians, “members-only” access to valuabledocuments, and member discounts. The Web site also is a valuable tool for promoting yourcompany online as a BICSI Corporate Member. This feature will allow you to establish adirect link to your Web site.

Gain the Competitive Edge!

Combine all the benefits of BICSI membership into one complete package and you’llunderstand why BICSI members hold a competitive advantage. BICSI keeps you ahead of your competition through a continuous flow of new information in the fast-changing field of low-voltage distribution systems. By prominently displaying your BICSI membership, youmake known your professional ability to industry contacts. When you join BICSI, you willgain a competitive edge.

Join BICSI Today!

BICSI membership is open to individuals and corporations serving the telecommunicationsand building industries. Join BICSI and combine your expertise with your colleagues in the

network of telecommunications professionals. Complete BICSI information is available uponrequest. For a membership application or other information, contact:

BICSI World Headquarters8610 Hidden River ParkwayTampa, FL 33637-1000 USA800-242-7405 (USA/Canada toll free)+1 813-979-1991; fax: +1 813-971-4311e-mail: bicsi@bicsi.orgVisit our Web site: www.bicsi.org

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How to Use this Manual

Section Heading

Topic Heading

Part Heading

Part headings are used to discuss major areas of a topic.

• Bullet important terms and phrases.

– Bullets are often followed by more detailed information.

Figure X.X Title

Chapter 1: Overview

Each chaptersection is dividedinto multiplesubheadings.

Chapter number and name are indicatedat the outside top of each page.

Figures, examples, and tables are numbered sequentially in a given chapter.Each is followed by a brief descriptive title.

© 2004 BICSI ® X-X CO-OSP Design Manual, 3rd edition

Page numbers areshown at the bottom ofthe page. The chapternumber precedes thepage number.

Chapters are divided into sections.

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Reader’s Comment Form

Customer-Owned Outside Plant (CO-OSP) Design Manual, 3rd edition

You may use this form to communicate your comments about this publication, its organization, or subjectmatter. Your comments will be sent to BICSI’s Technical Information and Methods Committee for review andaction, if any is deemed appropriate.

Comments (please include specific chapter and page reference; attach a marked-up page when a figurechange is needed):

Please complete the following information:

last name first name middle initial date

company name

mailing address

city state/province zip/postal code country

daytime phone fax e-mail

Thank you for your cooperation.

Send to: Attn: CO-OSP Design Manual User Response or fax to: +1 813-971-4311BICSI8610 Hidden River ParkwayTampa, FL 33637-1000 USA

Office Use Only

Response from Technical Information and Methods Committee:

Class A Class B Class C

TI&M committee chair signature date

TI&M panel chair signature date

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Table of Contents

© 2004 BICSI ® i CO-OSP Design Manual, 3rd edition

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Overview

Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 1-1Definition...................................................................................................................................... 1-1Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1-1

Purpose ............................................................................................................................................ 1-3Background ................................................................................................................................. 1-3Standardization ............................................................................................................................ 1-3United States Codes, Standards, and Methodology ...................................................................... 1-4Purpose of Codes and Standards ................................................................................................. 1-4Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 1-5Planning ...................................................................................................................................... 1-5Work Prints ................................................................................................................................. 1-5Right-of-Way................................................................................................................................ 1-6Pathways and Spaces ................................................................................................................. 1-6Cabling ........................................................................................................................................ 1-7Air-Pressure Systems.................................................................................................................. 1-7

Professionalism ............................................................................................................................... 1-8Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1-8Professional Organizations .......................................................................................................... 1-8Other Valuable Sources ............................................................................................................... 1-8

Organizations—United States ......................................................................................................... 1-9American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)........................... 1-9

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) .............................................................................. 1-9BICSI ® —A Telecommunications Association ................................................................................ 1-9Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) .............................................................................................. 1-9Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. ® (IEEE ® ) .................................................. 1-10Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA), Inc. ................................................................... 1-10National Fire Protection Association ® (NFPA ® ) ........................................................................... 1-10Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ............................................................. 1-10Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA).......................................................................... 1-10

Publications—United States ......................................................................................................... 1-11BICSI ® Publications ................................................................................................................... 1-11Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA), Inc. Publications ............................................... 1-11

National Electrical Safety Code ® (NESC ® ) .................................................................................. 1-12National Fire Protection Association ® (NFPA ® ) Publications ....................................................... 1-12Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Publications ......................................... 1-12Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) Publications ..................................................... 1-13

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Table of Contents

© 2004 BICSI ® iii CO-OSP Design Manual, 3rd edition

Economics ....................................................................................................................................... 3-12

Conduit System Planning ................................................................................................................. 3-13

Finished Conduit System Design ..................................................................................................... 3-14

Conduit System Requirements ......................................................................................................... 3-14

Future Conduit System Requirements .............................................................................................. 3-16

Planning Lateral Ducts ..................................................................................................................... 3-16

Planning Subsidiary Ducts ............................................................................................................... 3-16

Section Length/Diameter Considerations .......................................................................................... 3-17

Maintenance Hole (MH) Location and Quantity ................................................................................. 3-18

Clearances ....................................................................................................................................... 3-19

Conduit Depth .................................................................................................................................. 3-19

Live or Dynamic Loads ..................................................................................................................... 3-20

Dead or Earth Loads ........................................................................................................................ 3-21

Tensile Stresses ............................................................................................................................... 3-21Drain Slope ...................................................................................................................................... 3-22

Conduit Formations .......................................................................................................................... 3-22

Advantages of Multiple-Bore Conduit ................................................................................................ 3-25

Types of Conduit ............................................................................................................................... 3-25

Selecting a Type of Conduit .............................................................................................................. 3-26

Conduit Construction ........................................................................................................................ 3-28

Calculating Conduit Pulling Tensions ................................................................................................ 3-31

Designing Curved Conduit Sections .................................................................................................. 3-43

Air-Assisted Cable Installation .......................................................................................................... 3-43

Calculating Volume of Backfill .......................................................................................................... 3-45

Trench Work .................................................................................................................................... 3-47

Conduit Design for Bridge Crossing .................................................................................................. 3-51

Tunnels .................................................................................................................................. 3-60

Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 3-60

Utility Tunnels .................................................................................................................................. 3-60

Pedestrian Tunnels ........................................................................................................................... 3-60

Vehicular Tunnels ............................................................................................................................. 3-60

Motivating Design Factors ................................................................................................................ 3-61

Application Areas ............................................................................................................................. 3-61

Advantages .................................................................................................................................. 3-62

Disadvantages .................................................................................................................................. 3-62

Utility Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 3-62

Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 3-63

Ventilation .................................................................................................................................. 3-63

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Table of Contents

CO-OSP Design Manual, 3rd edition iv © 2004 BICSI ®

Fire Detection 3-63

Support Structures ........................................................................................................................... 3-63

Section 2: Direct-Buried Pathways

Direct-Buried Pathways ....................................................................................................... 3-65Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3-65Plow Route Selection ................................................................................................................. 3-67Burial Depth ............................................................................................................................... 3-67

Placing Direct-Buried Cable ................................................................................................ 3-69Trenching ................................................................................................................................... 3-69Plowing ...................................................................................................................................... 3-70Boring ........................................................................................................................................ 3-73

Section 3: Aerial Pathways

Aerial Pathways ..................................................................................................................... 3-77Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3-77Designing New Aerial Support Structures ................................................................................... 3-78Types of Loading ........................................................................................................................ 3-79Storm Load Requirements.......................................................................................................... 3-80Pole Classification ..................................................................................................................... 3-84Numerical Classification of Poles ............................................................................................... 3-85Pole Depth Below Ground .......................................................................................................... 3-89Depth Requirement .................................................................................................................... 3-89

Compaction ............................................................................................................................... 3-91Transverse Load on a Pole from Aerial Line ................................................................................ 3-91Loads Imposed by Service Drop Wires ....................................................................................... 3-94Loads Imposed by Pole Attachments ......................................................................................... 3-94Transverse Load Calculation ...................................................................................................... 3-95Selection ................................................................................................................................... 3-96Vertical Load .............................................................................................................................. 3-97Bending Moments (Longitudinal Loads)...................................................................................... 3-98Calculation of Pole Height .......................................................................................................... 3-98Pole Spacing and Span Lengths ................................................................................................. 3-99Total Weight and Maximum Span Lengths of the Cable ............................................................ 3-100

Special Situation Designs ........................................................................................................ 3-104Clearances .............................................................................................................................. 3-107

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© 2004 BICSI ® v CO-OSP Design Manual, 3rd edition

Support Strands ........................................................................................................................ 3-111Anchor and Guys ..................................................................................................................... 3-112Designing Additions to Existing Aerial Support Structures ........................................................ 3-124

Section 4: Spaces

Spaces ................................................................................................................................. 3-131Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3-131Confined Spaces ...................................................................................................................... 3-131Maintenance Holes (MHs)........................................................................................................ 3-132Choosing Precast or Site-Poured Maintenance Hole (MH) ....................................................... 3-139Maintenance Hole (MH) Size Extensions ................................................................................. 3-139Selecting Maintenance Hole (MH) by Duct Entrance ................................................................ 3-139Maintenance Hole (MH) Types ................................................................................................. 3-141Cable Racking Provisions ........................................................................................................ 3-145

Administration.......................................................................................................................... 3-146Sealing Ducts .......................................................................................................................... 3-146Openings, Covers, and Frames ................................................................................................ 3-146Maintenance Hole (MH) Extension Rings ................................................................................. 3-147

Handholes (HHs) ................................................................................................................. 3-148Location ................................................................................................................................... 3-149

Pedestals, Cabinets, and Vaults ........................................................................................ 3-150Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3-150Ground-Level Pedestals and Cabinet Criteria............................................................................ 3-151

Cabinets .................................................................................................................................. 3-151

Controlled Environment Vault (CEV) ................................................................................ 3-154

Concrete Universal Enclosure (CUE) .............................................................................. 3-155

Marinas ................................................................................................................................ 3-156Service at Marinas ................................................................................................................... 3-156Terms and Definitions ............................................................................................................... 3-156Docks with Floating Sections ................................................................................................... 3-156Designating Specific Docks for Service .................................................................................... 3-157

Precabling Boat Slips .............................................................................................................. 3-157Using Mechanical Protection ................................................................................................... 3-158Protecting Cable, Conductors, and Terminals ........................................................................... 3-158Choosing Conduit Size and Type ............................................................................................. 3-158Bonding and Grounding ............................................................................................................ 3-159System Separation .................................................................................................................. 3-159Condominium Slips .................................................................................................................. 3-160

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Table of Contents

CO-OSP Design Manual, 3rd edition vi © 2004 BICSI ®

Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 3A-1Initial Strand Tensions and Sags ............................................................................................... 3A-1Maximum Span Length ............................................................................................................. 3A-3Sag and Tension of Installed Cables .......................................................................................... 3A-5

Chapter 4: Cabling

Cabling ..................................................................................................................................... 4-1

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4-1

Recognized Cable .................................................................................................................. 4-3

Cable Types ....................................................................................................................................... 4-3

Optical Fiber Cable............................................................................................................................. 4-3

Balanced Twisted-Pair Cable .............................................................................................................. 4-4

75 Ohm Coaxial Cable ....................................................................................................................... 4-4

Optical Fiber Cabling.............................................................................................................. 4-5

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4-5

Attenuation......................................................................................................................................... 4-6

Optical Fiber Cable Types ................................................................................................................ 4-18

Twisted-Pair Cabling ............................................................................................................ 4-24

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 4-24

Selection Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 4-24

Cable Attenuation Margin ................................................................................................................. 4-27

Cable Construction Types ................................................................................................................. 4-28

Plastic Insulated Conductor (PIC) Cable ........................................................................................... 4-35

Aerial ............................................................................................................................................... 4-36

Self-Supporting Cable ....................................................................................................................... 4-38

Direct-Buried .................................................................................................................................... 4-41

Underground ..................................................................................................................................... 4-46

Screened Cable................................................................................................................................ 4-49

RUS Filled Cable .............................................................................................................................. 4-52

Aerial Drop Wire ............................................................................................................................... 4-63

Direct-Buried Service Wire................................................................................................................ 4-63

Coaxial Cabling ..................................................................................................................... 4-64

Cable Selection ................................................................................................................................ 4-64

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Table of Contents

© 2004 BICSI ® vii CO-OSP Design Manual, 3rd edition

Mechanical Factors .......................................................................................................................... 4-64

Electrical Factors ............................................................................................................................. 4-65

Aerial Applications............................................................................................................................ 4-67

Direct-Buried Applications ................................................................................................................ 4-68

Broadband Twisted-Pair Telecommunications Cable ......................................................................... 4-68

Design Criteria.................................................................................................................................. 4-69

Subscriber Service Drops ................................................................................................................. 4-70

Determine Bandwidth Requirements ................................................................................................. 4-72

Obtain Loss Budgets for Electronics from the Customer ................................................................... 4-72

Twinaxial Cabling .................................................................................................................. 4-73

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 4-73

Optical Fiber Coaxial Cabling .............................................................................................. 4-74

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 4-74

System Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 4-75

Applications ..................................................................................................................................... 4-76

Chapter 5: Cabling Hardware

Hardware .................................................................................................................................. 5-1

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 5-1

Cabling Hardware ............................................................................................................................... 5-1

Closures for Twisted-Pair Cables ....................................................................................................... 5-3

Aerial ................................................................................................................................................ 5-4Direct-Buried and Underground .......................................................................................................... 5-5

Closures for Optical Fiber Cables ...................................................................................................... 5-6

Cabling Hardware Selection ............................................................................................................... 5-7

Connecting Hardware ....................................................................................................................... 5-10

Design Considerations ..................................................................................................................... 5-10

Splicing Connectors for Twisted-Pair Cable ....................................................................................... 5-12

Twisted-Pair Cable ............................................................................................................................ 5-15

Splicing Methodogy .......................................................................................................................... 5-16

Splice Data....................................................................................................................................... 5-18

Maximum Bundle Size for Closures .................................................................................................. 5-19

Testing ............................................................................................................................................. 5-23

Waterproof Splicing .......................................................................................................................... 5-23

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Optical Fiber Cable........................................................................................................................... 5-23

Optical Fiber Splicing Methods ......................................................................................................... 5-25

Splice Protection .............................................................................................................................. 5-26

Optical Fiber Splicing Hardware Considerations ................................................................................ 5-27

Hardware Labeling ............................................................................................................................ 5-28

Chapter 6: Grounding, Bonding, and Electrical Protection

Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 6-1

Exposed Outside Plant (OSP) ........................................................................................................... 6-1

Bonding and Grounding ..................................................................................................................... 6-5

MGN and Non-MGN Power Systems ................................................................................................ 6-6

Bonding Requirements ....................................................................................................... 6-10

Aerial Cable Bonding Requirements ................................................................................................ 6-10Direct-Buried Cable Bonding Requirements ..................................................................................... 6-13

Underground Cable Bonding Requirements...................................................................................... 6-15

Maintenance Hole (MH) Bonding and Grounding .............................................................................. 6-16

Building Entrance Protection ........................................................................................................... 6-18

Protectors ............................................................................................................................. 6-21

Fuseless Protector Housing ............................................................................................................ 6-21

Fused Protector Housing ................................................................................................................. 6-21

Fuse Links ...................................................................................................................................... 6-22

Protector Units ................................................................................................................................ 6-22Primary and Secondary Protector Units .......................................................................................... 6-23

Chapter 7: Air-Pressure Systems

Air-Pressure Systems ............................................................................................................. 7-1

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 7-1

Air Feeder Pipe ................................................................................................................................. 7-2

Air Dryers .......................................................................................................................................... 7-3

Manifold Assembly ............................................................................................................................ 7-4

Automatic Shutoff Valve..................................................................................................................... 7-4Pressure Transducer Unit .................................................................................................................. 7-5

Cable Pressure Monitoring Systems ................................................................................................. 7-7

Standard Operating Environment ....................................................................................................... 7-8

Design Considerations ...................................................................................................................... 7-9

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Chapter 8: Right-of-Way

Right-of-Way ............................................................................................................................ 8-1

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 8-1

Definition ........................................................................................................................................... 8-2

Types of Right-of-Way ....................................................................................................................... 8-3

Purchasing Right-of-Way ................................................................................................................... 8-3

Options ............................................................................................................................................. 8-4

Acquiring Easement or Right-of-Way ................................................................................................. 8-4

Public Right-of-Way .......................................................................................................................... 8-5

Types of Right-of-Way ....................................................................................................................... 8-5

Other Considerations ......................................................................................................................... 8-6

Easements........................................................................................................................................ 8-6

Right-of-Way Easements and Permits ............................................................................................... 8-7

Property Descriptions ........................................................................................................... 8-9

Methods of Describing Property ........................................................................................ 8-10

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 8-10

Rectangular Grid System ................................................................................................................ 8-10

State Coordinate System ................................................................................................................ 8-16

Metes and Bounds .......................................................................................................................... 8-17

Subdivision Plat and Description ..................................................................................................... 8-21

Centerline Description ..................................................................................................................... 8-22

Point Description ............................................................................................................................. 8-23

Reference Description ..................................................................................................................... 8-24

Summary of Property Descriptions .................................................................................................. 8-24

Real Estate Law .............................................................................................................................. 8-24

Chain of Title ........................................................................................................................ 8-31

Restrictions, Covenants, and Conditions ......................................................................... 8-31

Liens and Encumbrances ................................................................................................... 8-32

Appraisers ....................................................................................................................................... 8-32Private Right-of-Way ........................................................................................................................ 8-36

Obtaining and Recording a Private Easement .................................................................................. 8-37

Contents of the Private Easement Document .................................................................. 8-38

Easement Document....................................................................................................................... 8-38

Permit Information ............................................................................................................... 8-39

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State Highway Permit ...................................................................................................................... 8-39

Railroad Right-of-Way...................................................................................................................... 8-42

Railroad Permit ............................................................................................................................... 8-42

Sample Letter of Request for Railroad Permit .................................................................................. 8-44

Casing Lengths for Various Railroad Crossing Angles ...................................................................... 8-45

Layout of a Railroad Crossing .......................................................................................................... 8-46

Chapter 9: Design Documentation

Work Prints ............................................................................................................................. 9-1

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 9-1

Schematic Design ............................................................................................................................. 9-1

Work Prints ....................................................................................................................................... 9-4

CO-OSP Design and Construction Checklist ..................................................................... 9-6Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 9-6

CO-OSP Design Checklist ................................................................................................................ 9-6

CO-OSP Construction Specifications Checklist ............................................................................... 9-11

Work Print Information Examples .................................................................................................... 9-17

Chapter 10: Scope of Work

Scope of Work ....................................................................................................................... 10-1

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 10-1

Narrative .......................................................................................................................................... 10-1Project Drawings ............................................................................................................................. 10-2

Systems Structure .......................................................................................................................... 10-2

Associated Hardware ...................................................................................................................... 10-2

Method of Placement ...................................................................................................................... 10-2

Splicing Twisted-Pair Cable ............................................................................................................. 10-3

Splicing Optical Fiber Cable ............................................................................................................ 10-3

Splicing Coaxial Cable ..................................................................................................................... 10-3

Terminating Twisted-Pair Cable ........................................................................................................ 10-4

Terminating Optical Fibers ............................................................................................................... 10-4

Terminating Coaxial Cable ............................................................................................................... 10-4

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Maintenance Hole (MH) Plan View and Elevation Detail Drawings ................................................... 10-4

Material List .................................................................................................................................... 10-5

Final Acceptance ............................................................................................................................ 10-5

Project Specific Note Section .......................................................................................................... 10-5

Optional Considerations .................................................................................................................. 10-6

Additional Issues ............................................................................................................................. 10-6

Chapter 11: Project Management

Project Management .............................................................................................................11-1

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 11-1

General Project Management Concepts .......................................................................................... 11-1

Project Tracking .............................................................................................................................. 11-2

Example Project Outline.................................................................................................................. 11-3

Project Scheduling .......................................................................................................................... 11-4

Preliminary Planning ....................................................................................................................... 11-6

Project Management Responsibilities ............................................................................................ 11-12

Schedule Updating ........................................................................................................................ 11-15

Project Management Terms and Conditions................................................................................... 11-16

Chapter 12: Cost Estimating ................................................................................................ 12-1

Cost Estimating ..................................................................................................................... 12-1

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 12-1

Statement of Work (SOW)............................................................................................................... 12-2Site Conditions ................................................................................................................................ 12-3

Outside Plant (OSP) Cost Estimating ............................................................................................. 12-5

Estimating the Cost of a Small Project (Example) ......................................................................... 12-10

Change Order Cost Estimating ...................................................................................................... 12-15

Chapter 13: Maintenance and Restoration

Maintenance and Restoration ............................................................................................. 13-1

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 13-1

Maintenance Issues ........................................................................................................................ 13-1Routine Maintenance....................................................................................................................... 13-2

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Demand Maintenance ...................................................................................................................... 13-4

Restoration Issues .......................................................................................................................... 13-5

Operations Support Centers ............................................................................................................ 13-6

Locations of Operations Support Centers ........................................................................................ 13-7

Outside Plant (OSP) Infrastructure Characteristics .......................................................................... 13-8

Detailed Maintenance Plan .............................................................................................................. 13-8

Emergency Restoration Procedures ................................................................................................ 13-9

Glossary

Terms ..................................................................................................................................... G-1

Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................. G-23

Symbols ................................................................................................................................ G-33

Warning ................................................................................................................................ G-40

Bibliography ............................................................................................................................B-1

Index .......................................................................................................................................... I-1

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Figures

Chapter 2: Cabling Infrastructure

Figure 2.1 Star topology ............................................................................................................... 2-2Figure 2.2 Hierarchical star topology ............................................................................................ 2-3

Figure 2.3 Star topology (one-level hierarchical) ............................................................................ 2-4

Figure 2.4 Star topology (two-level hierarchical) ............................................................................ 2-5

Figure 2.5 Physical wired star/logical ring topology ...................................................................... 2-6

Figure 2.6 Buildings connected by a physical ring ........................................................................ 2-7

Figure 2.7 Main backbone ring and redundant backbone star combined ....................................... 2-8

Figure 2.8 Clustered star topology with physical star/logical ring .................................................. 2-9

Figure 2.9 Optical fiber ring topology .......................................................................................... 2-10

Figure 2.10 Bus topology ............................................................................................................. 2-11

Figure 2.11 Tree and branch topology ........................................................................................... 2-12

Chapter 3: Pathways and Spaces

Figure 3.1 Lateral and subsidiary ducts ...................................................................................... 3-15

Figure 3.2 Live or dynamic load dispersal ................................................................................... 3-20

Figure 3.3 Dead or earth load dispersal ...................................................................................... 3-21

Figure 3.4 Conduit casings under railroads ................................................................................. 3-29

Figure 3.5 Conduit casings under highway.................................................................................. 3-30

Figure 3.6 Forces acting on cable pulled through straight conduit ............................................... 3-33

Figure 3.7 Inclined straight conduit ............................................................................................. 3-34Figure 3.8 Simple bend .............................................................................................................. 3-35

Figure 3.9 Typical concrete-encased conduit structure ............................................................... 3-45

Figure 3.10 Typical compacted fill conduit structure...................................................................... 3-46

Figure 3.11 Typical trench shield .................................................................................................. 3-47

Figure 3.12 Typical trench with shoring in unstable ground ........................................................... 3-48

Figure 3.13 Typical trench with shoring in stable ground ............................................................... 3-49

Figure 3.14 Bell end conduit slip sleeve ........................................................................................ 3-51

Figure 3.15 Expansion joints ........................................................................................................ 3-52

Figure 3.16 Angle bracing............................................................................................................. 3-53

Figure 3.17 Longitudinal bracing and load forces .......................................................................... 3-54Figure 3.18 Anchor and plug......................................................................................................... 3-55

Figure 3.19 Back-to-back expansion joint units ............................................................................ 3-55

Figure 3.20 Back-to back expansion joint ..................................................................................... 3-55

Figure 3.21 “In-line” single-expansion joint (over 30 m [100 ft]) ...................................................... 3-56

Figure 3.22 Expansion joint (under 30 m [100 ft]) .......................................................................... 3-56

Figure 3.23 Single expansion joint ................................................................................................ 3-57

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Figure 3.24 Angle bracing into stranded area ................................................................................ 3-57

Figure 3.25 Conduit installed in sidewalk portion of bridge ............................................................ 3-58

Figure 3.26 Conduit installed by hanging under sidewalk portion of bridge .................................... 3-58

Figure 3.27 Conduit run attached to side of bridge with steel brackets .......................................... 3-59

Figure 3.28 Conduit runs attached to steel I-beams ...................................................................... 3-59

Figure 3.29 Protection of direct-buried cable ................................................................................. 3-66

Figure 3.30 Hand operated plow ................................................................................................... 3-69

Figure 3.31 Trencher .................................................................................................................... 3-70

Figure 3.32 Trencher/vibratory plow .............................................................................................. 3-71

Figure 3.33 Rip plow..................................................................................................................... 3-72

Figure 3.34 Auger bore ................................................................................................................. 3-73

Figure 3.35 Horizontal directional drilling machine ........................................................................ 3-74

Figure 3.36 Wind and ice loadings ............................................................................................... 3-80

Figure 3.37 Example of keying a pole ........................................................................................... 3-90Figure 3.38 Pole placement utilizing terrain feature....................................................................... 3-99

Figure 3.39 Slack span .............................................................................................................. 3-105

Figure 3.40 Building attachment methods................................................................................... 3-106

Figure 3.41 Flying cross ............................................................................................................. 3-107

Figure 3.42 Midspan clearances ................................................................................................. 3-108

Figure 3.43 Vertical clearances over obstacles ........................................................................... 3-109

Figure 3.44 Vertical clearances between utilities ........................................................................ 3-109

Figure 3.45 Clearance distances .................................................................................................3-111

Figure 3.46 Push brace .............................................................................................................. 3-113

Figure 3.47 Guying configurations .............................................................................................. 3-114

Figure 3.48 Definition of lead and height ..................................................................................... 3-115

Figure 3.49 Calculating pull with pull finder ................................................................................. 3-116

Figure 3.50 Calculating pull with tape measure ........................................................................... 3-117

Figure 3.51 Guy rule ................................................................................................................... 3-120

Figure 3.52 Using guy strand selection chart example ............................................................... 3-121

Figure 3.53 Types of common anchors ....................................................................................... 3-122

Figure 3.54 Guy rod ends ........................................................................................................... 3-123

Figure 3.55 Aerial to underground transition ................................................................................ 3-126

Figure 3.56 Aerial to direct-buried transition................................................................................ 3-127Figure 3.57 Underground to direct-buried transition ..................................................................... 3-127

Figure 3.58 Underground to building transition ............................................................................ 3-127

Figure 3.59 Aerial to building transition ....................................................................................... 3-128

Figure 3.60 Direct-buried to building transition ............................................................................ 3-129

Figure 3.61 Typical maintenance hole (cutaway side view).......................................................... 3-134

Figure 3.62 Maintenance hole diagram ....................................................................................... 3-135

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Figure 3.63 Maintenance hole frame, cover, and collar ................................................................ 3-136

Figure 3.64 Center conduit tray .................................................................................................. 3-137

Figure 3.65 Splayed conduit entry .............................................................................................. 3-137

Figure 3.66 Basic A precast maintenance hole ........................................................................... 3-138

Figure 3.67 Type A maintenance hole with center conduit window (plan view) ............................. 3-141

Figure 3.68 Type A maintenance hole with splayed window (plan view) ....................................... 3-141

Figure 3.69 Type J maintenance hole with center conduit window (plan view) .............................. 3-142

Figure 3.70 Type J maintenance hole with splayed conduit windows (plan view) ......................... 3-142

Figure 3.71 Type L maintenance hole with center conduit window (plan view) ............................. 3-143

Figure 3.72 Type L maintenance hole with splayed conduit window (plan view) ........................... 3-143

Figure 3.73 Type T maintenance hole with center conduit window (plan view) ............................. 3-144

Figure 3.74 Type T maintenance hole with splayed conduit window (plan view) ........................... 3-144

Figure 3.75 Typical cable maintenance hole ............................................................................... 3-145

Figure 3.76 Typical handhole ...................................................................................................... 3-149Figure 3.77 Pedestals and cabinets ........................................................................................... 3-152

Figure 3.78 Modular floating dock layout (with condominium-option terms, no scale) .................. 3-160

Figure 3.79 Sample marina layout .............................................................................................. 3-161

Chapter 4: Cabling

Figure 4.1 Cable sizing ................................................................................................................. 4-1

Figure 4.2 Loose-tube cable cross section ................................................................................. 4-19

Figure 4.3 Tight-buffered cables .................................................................................................. 4-20

Figure 4.4 ALPETH cable ........................................................................................................... 4-36

Figure 4.5 Self-supporting cable ................................................................................................. 4-38Figure 4.6 Reinforced self-supporting cable ................................................................................ 4-40

Figure 4.7 PASP cable ............................................................................................................... 4-41

Figure 4.8 ASP cable ................................................................................................................. 4-44

Figure 4.9 Bonded ASP cable ..................................................................................................... 4-46

Figure 4.10 Underground (ductpic) cable ...................................................................................... 4-47

Figure 4.11 Air core screened cable ............................................................................................. 4-49

Figure 4.12 Filled screened cable ................................................................................................. 4-50

Figure 4.13 PE 39—Filled solid ALPETH cable ............................................................................ 4-52

Figure 4.14 PE 39—Filled solid 0.13 mm (0.005 in) cable ............................................................ 4-54

Figure 4.15 PE 39—Filled solid gopher resistant sheath cable ..................................................... 4-57

Figure 4.16 PE 89—Filled foam skin CACSP cable ...................................................................... 4-59

Figure 4.17 PE 89—Filled foam skin ALPETH cable ..................................................................... 4-61

Figure 4.18 Coaxial cable ............................................................................................................. 4-64

Figure 4.19 Aerial coaxial cables .................................................................................................. 4-67

Figure 4.20 Armored cable ........................................................................................................... 4-68

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Figure 4.21 Trunk/feeder system .................................................................................................. 4-70

Figure 4.22 Standard shield and super shield (quad) construction (drop cable) ............................. 4-71

Figure 4.23 Twinaxial cable .......................................................................................................... 4-73

Figure 4.24 Optical fiber-coaxial system ....................................................................................... 4-74

Chapter 5: Cabling Hardware

Figure 5.1 Splice closures and covers.......................................................................................... 5-2

Figure 5.2 Splice closures ........................................................................................................... 5-3

Figure 5.3 Filled/direct-buried splice closure systems ................................................................. 5-5

Figure 5.4 Optical fiber closure .................................................................................................... 5-6

Figure 5.5 Underground to direct-buried transition……………………………………………………… 5-8

Figure 5.6 Underground to building transition………………………………………………………….. . 5-8

Figure 5.7 Direct-buried to building ........ …………………………………………………………………5-9

Figure 5.8 Example of IDC connection . …………………………………………………………………5-12

Figure 5.9 In-line, butt, and branch ............................................................................................. 5-13

Figure 5.10 Example of single pair splice connections and modules ............................................. 5-14

Figure 5.11 Example of multipair splice connectors and modules ................................................. 5-14

Figure 5.12 Examples of splice coding ......................................................................................... 5-16

Figure 5.13 In-line splice .............................................................................................................. 5-16

Figure 5.14 Foldback splice ......................................................................................................... 5-17

Figure 5.15 Completed two-bank splice ........................................................................................ 5-17

Figure 5.16 Examples of splices required due to cable routing .................................................... 5-23

Figure 5.17 Splice tray examples ................................................................................................. 5-27

Chapter 6: Grounding, Bonding, and Electrical Protection

Figure 6.1 Ground potential rise .........................................