copyright and creative commons

Copyrights andCreative Commons

GPA 1035

Prepared and Presented by Dr. Haggen So

Released under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong Licence

Introduction to Copyright in HK

知識產權署教育與版權

http://www.ipd.gov.hk/chi/education.htm





Other Systems forLegal Use without Clearance

Fair Use – Non-exhaustive Model

Fair Dealing – Exhaustive Model

Fair Use

• Applicable in the US

• Purpose and character of use• Nature of work• Amount of work being copied• Effect on monetary return

Fair Dealing• UK, Commonwealth, HK• Prescribed in Hong Kong Copyright

Ordinance

– Research and private study– Criticism, review and news reporting– Incidental inclusion of copyright

material– Provisions for disabilities– Fair dealing for purposes instruction and

examination– Legal or Governmental Use

Fair Dealing (Cont')• Within the prescribed categories, 4 points

for considerations in Education within HKCO

– the purpose and nature of the dealing– the nature of the work– the amount and substantiality of the

portion dealt with in relation to whole work

– the effect on the potential market value of the work

Guidelines for Photocopying of Printed Works by Not-for-profit

Educational Establishments• Fair Dealing prescribed in HKCO in the

2007 amendment ultimately depends on the interpretation of the courts

• Guidelines developed by a group of users and copyright owners under the coordination of Intellectual Property Department

• Updated 2004

Guidelines (Cont.)• Articles in newspapers or periodicals - a

complete article of any length• Poems - not more than 250 words• Stories or essays - not more than 2,500

words• Textbook - not more than 2% of the

number of pages of a textbook in one month, not more than 5% in an academic year

• For articles in periodicals, poems, stories or essays - not more than 3 works from the same author for one course in an academic year

Copyright Clearance

• Use beyond Fair Dealing – Clearance Required

– Ask Author– Hong Kong Reprographic Rights

Licensing Society (HKRRLS)– Hong Kong Copyright Licensing

Association (HKCLA)– Composers and Authors Society of Hong

Kong (CASH)

CC Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzC99sf2u7g




All Rights Reserved

No Rights Reserved

©Creative

Commons

balance

Copyright

Limitation on Creativity

To stimulate more Creativity

Copyright

"Copyright Clause" in US Constitution, 1787

To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right

to their respective Writings and Discoveries.

Copyright

1710Statute of Anna 14+14 yr

to

1998Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act

(Mickey Mouse Protection Act) 95 yr

Prof. Lawrence Lessig

Lessig

Raised in a Republican Family

Turn Democrat with Outside Exposure

Eldred

A Passionate father who wished to encourage reading by putting

Classics on the Web

Mickey Mouse Protection Actwas a show stopper

Became a Test Case

History of Creative Commons

2001 Kick-Off2002 Six Licences

(Six Contracts)

purpose

licence elements:

Attribution 署名

Non-Commercial 非商業性

No Derivative Works 禁止衍生

Share Alike 相同方式共享

Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd)

Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike (by-nc-sa)

Attribution Non-commercial (by-nc)

Attribution No Derivatives (by-nd)

Attribution Share Alike(by-sa)

Attribution(by)

6 variationsthe licences

署名非商業性禁止衍生(by-nc-nd)

署名非商業性相同方式共享(by-nc-sa)

署名非商業性(by-nc)

署名禁止衍生(by-nd)

署名相同方式共享(by-sa)

署名(by)

6 個不同條款授權條款

three expressions:

Human-Readable: Commons Deed

Lawyer-Readable: Legal Code

Machine-Readable: Digital Code, Metadata

Common Deed 法律條款的摘要

Legal Code 授權條款全文

Digital Code 數碼源碼

<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/88x31.png" /></a><br />本著作係採用<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/">共享創意署名-非商業性-相同方式共享 3.0 香港授權條款</a>授權.

History of Creative Commons

2001 Kick-Off2002 Six Licences2004台灣創用 CC

2006中国大陆知识共享2008 香港共享創意

It all began when the Journalism and Media Studies

Centre was willing to take the lead

Localization of Licences

The Legal Lead completed Two rounds public consultations CCi approved the localization of

six CC licences

Community Outreach

CC presentations at different occasions

Production of CC Education Kit

with interviews from renowned

artist, composer, writer and IT expert

Pre-Launch Event"Free Culture and Free Society:

Can the West Love Both?" The Inaugural Lee Shu Pui

Leung Wai Hing Distinguished Lecture in Digital MediaA lecture hosted by JMSC, HKU

held on 24 Oct. with Lessig giving a lecture to

the general public

Launch on 25 Oct ! !HKICC Lee Shau Kee School of

Creativity

Media Coverage

More than 20 Articles in various Newspapers

Several Radio interviewsLessig's interview was broadcast on TV

Highlights of Adoption

OpenRadioMySinaBlog

Kwun Tong Culture and HistoriesRTHK

OpenRadio

MySinaBlog

Kwun Tong Culture and Histories

RTHK Creative Archive

http://www.rthk.org.hk/creativearchive/






Local Adoption Language Type Usage: 30 Apr Usage: 13 Aug % ChgEnglish by 13,620 15,479 13.65%English by-nc 40,259 42,628 5.88%English by-nc-nd 72,466 87,679 20.99%English by-nc-sa 70,488 81,117 15.08%English by-nd 11,053 14,259 29.01%English by-sa 7,927 10,739 35.47%Chinese by 71 73 2.82%Chinese by-nc 2,834 3,635 28.26%Chinese by-nc-nd 1,488 1,952 31.18%Chinese by-nc-sa 1,393 2,920 109.62%Chinese by-nd 91 143 57.14%Chinese by-sa 98 93 -5.10% Total 221,788 260,717 17.55%

Growth of CC Works Worldwide

Search CC Licensed Works

http://hk.creativecommons.org/

Search CC Licensed Works

http://search.creativecommons.org/

License Your Works in CC

http://hk.creativecommons.org/

Problems

• Practical – InMediaHK

• Philosophical – What is the Commons?

InMediaHK

Philosophical – What is the Commons?

• Compatibility between Licences - Commons without Commonality

http://creativecommons.org.tw/static/choose/license/licwizeng

• Problems highlighted in Wikipedia

• Resolution







Conclusion

• The current copyright system– Over-developed and Complicated– Probably biased towards the

Establishment

• Creative Commons – Simplify the System– Encourage the Respect of Copyright– Encourage Creativity

Image Credits

OpenRadio Screen Capture, from http://openradiohk.com/, released under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivative 3.0 HK Licence

MySinaBlog Screen Capture from http://mysinablog.com/, used by permission

Image Credits

Kwun Tong Culture and Histories Screen Capture, from http://www.kwuntongculture.hk/, used by permission

InMediaHK Screen Capture, from http://www.inmediahk.net/, used by permission

This presentation is expanded from:

Rebecca McKinnon (2008). Creative Commons: Copyright in the digital age for Greater China and Hong Kong, from http://www.slideshare.net/rmackinnon/cc-hku-129484, released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Unported Licence

Other Credits

Bollier, D. (2009). Viral Spiral: How the Commoners Built a Digital Republic of Their Own. New York, New Press.Chao, B. (2009). "Open Business：開放商業模式 ." CNET Taiwan Retrieved 21 Oct, 2009, from http://taiwan.cnet.com/blog/0,2000089057,20135851,00.htm.Creative Commons. (2007). "Retiring Standalone DevNations and One Sampling License." Retrieved 17 Oct, 2009, from http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/7520.Creative Commons Taiwan. (2006). "Creative Commons Licenses Compatibility Wizard." Retrieved 17 Oct, 2009, from http://creativecommons.org.tw/static/choose/license/licwizeng.Defining of Free Culture Works. (2008). "Defining of Free Culture Works." Retrieved 17 Oct, 2009, from http://freedomdefined.org/Definition.Government, Q. (2008). "Presentation - Government Information Licensing Framework For the Nation, Queensland Spatial Information Council." Retrieved 21 Oct, 2009, from http://www.gilf.gov.au/files/file/Resources/GILF%20Framework%20for%20the%20Nation%20presentation.pdf.Hirtle, P. B. (2009). "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States 1 January 2009." Cornell Copyright Information Center Retrieved 20 May, 2009, from http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/public_domain/copyrightterm.pdf.

References

Lessig, L. (2004). Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity. New York, Penguin.McLaughlin, A. (2009). "Making Government 2.0 a Reality: A Citizen's Guide to Essential Reforms." Retrieved 21 Oct, 2009, from http://web2expo.blip.tv/file/2023830/.Tsang, D. (2007). Copyright (Amendment) Ordinance 2007. L. Council, Hong Kong Government.香港特別行政區政府知識產權署 . (2004). "非牟利教育機構影印印刷作品指引 ." Retrieved 17 Oct, 2009, from http://www.ipd.gov.hk/chi/intellectual_property/copyright/workshop/clarifying/Guidelines_Printed_Works_Chi_2Aug04.pdf.香港特別行政區政府知識產權署 . (2007). "修訂後的香港版權法－教師與學生指南 ." Retrieved 17 Oct, 2009, from http://www.ipd.gov.hk/chi/intellectual_property/copyright/edu_guide_c.pdf.香港特別行政區政府知識產權署 . (2009). "教育與版權 ." Retrieved 17 Oct, 2009, from http://www.ipd.gov.hk/chi/education.htm.

References