cosmologia moderna-15112008
TRANSCRIPT
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Cosmos logiaMundo Estudo
CosmologiaO que é ?
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Telescópios(1608)
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M6 - Borboleta
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Constelação de Orion
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Nebulosa de Orion – M42
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Nebulosa de Andrômeda
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M31 – Galáxia de Andrômeda
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Telescópio Espacial Hubble(1990)
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Hubble ultra deep field
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Hubble ultra deep field
13 bilhões de Anos-Luz
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Questões Cosmológicas
Qual a distância dos objetos celestes?
O Universo está expandindo?
Do que é feito o Universo?
Qual o tamanho do Universo?
Como descrever o Universo?
Qual a sua idade?
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Relatividade Geral(1915)
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Relatividade Geral(1915)
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Distâncias Cosmológicas
Velas padrão
1000 W 1000 W250 W
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Distâncias Cosmológicas
Velas padrão
1000 W 250 W10 W
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Estrelas Cefeidas
Brilho intrínseco da estrela – Magnitude visual Absoluta;
Magnitude visual Aparente;
Distância que a estrela se encontra do observador;
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Edwin Hubble(1889 – 1953)
1923 – Mede a distância que a nebulosa de Andrômeda está de nós observando o
brilho de Cefeidas;
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Galáxia de Andrômeda
2,2 Milhões de Anos-Luz
Conclusão: Nebulosa de Andrômeda é um sistema estelar independente da Via Láctea!
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Distâncias Cosmológicas
Velas padrãoSupernovas
Grande Núvem de Magalães Distância: 155 mil Anos-Luz;
SN1987 A
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Fenômeno extremamente raro!
11 Supernovas na Via-Láctea em 20.000
anos!
Última SN: 1604;
Centaurus A – SN1986 G;
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SN 1997ff – 10 bilhões de anos-luz;Hubble Deep Field
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Espectro da Luz
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Hidrogênio
Hélio
Oxigênio
Nitrogênio
Ferro
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Efeito Doppler
c
v
fonte
fonteobservador =−
λλλ
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Lei de Hubble(1929)
DHv 0= H0 = constante de Hubble
0t
Dv = t0 ~ 2 bilhões de anos;
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t0 ~ 13,7 bilhões de anos;Idade do Universo
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O Universo está expandindo!
Como assim???
Homogênio
Isotrópico
Não existe lugar especial no universo (distribuição Uniforme
de galáxias);Não existe direção especial no universo (aparência é a
mesma em qualquer direção);
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Olhando para o passado!Quanto mais profundamente olhamos no Universo, mais para o passado do Universo
você observa!
Radiação Cósmica de Fundo em Microondas
400 mil anos após o surgimento do Universo
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)
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Olhando para o passado!
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Como o Universo se Expande?
Hoje
70 bilhões de anos
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Do que é feito o Universo?
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Dados observacionais para a matéria escura!Podemos detectar matéria escura por métodos indiretos;
v(r)
r
r P d(U. A.) v(km.s-1)
M 0.37 47.9
V 0.72 35.1
T 1 29.9
P 36 4.7
………
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Lentes Gravitacionais
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Dados observacionais para a matéria escura!São problemas físicos diferentes, em tempos diferentes que apresentam o mesmo
problema!
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O que é observado!
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Futuro do Universo!
1) O Universo se expande eternamente!
2) O Universo colapsa sobre ele mesmo!
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Dados observacionais
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Energia Escura!
Anti-gravidade?
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Futuro do Universo?
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Bibliografiahttp://www.einstein-online.info/en/
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/relativity/
http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/
http://hubblesite.org/gallery/movie_theater/
http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/telescopios6.htm
http://cosmicweb.uchicago.edu/filaments.html
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2001/09/video/f/ http://www.telescopiosnaescola.pro.br/sn1987a.pdf
http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/2001/09/videos/h/formats/low_mpeg.mpg
http://laserstars.org/data/elements/index.html
http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/~jma/thesis/online/figures/make_figures/spectrum.jpeg
http://www.if.ufrgs.br/fis02001/aulas/cosmo2.html
http://www.cosmobrain.com.br/artigos/artigo_022001.html
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http://www-supernova.lbl.gov/public/papers/40snetrans/hubblelogtrans.jpg
Bibliografia
http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/news/index.html
http://visservices.sdsc.edu/projects/enzo/
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/01/video/a/
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Slides Complementares
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Forças da Natureza
Força Atuação
Fraca
Forte
Eletromagnética
Gravitacional
10-15m
10-18m
infinito
infinito
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SN1994 D
Galáxia NGC 4526