country activities - 一般財団法人リモート・セン … activities kusuma, msb, et.al....

GEOSS Asian Water Cycle Initiative Country Activities

Kusuma, MSB, et.al. Water Res Eng, FCEE, ITB

Kusuma, MSB, et.al, Water Res Eng, FCEE, ITB

INDONESIA

Study Area : Citarum River

2

Citarum River Basin,West Java. Indonesia

Lower Citarum


INDONESIA

Citarum Frame Work

3

VISION Collaboration between government and the

community to have a clean, healthy, productive, and sustainable

Main Pillars

Foundation

Community Empowerment Data & Information

Institu-tional and IWRM Planning

Water Resour-ces Develop-ment

Water Use and

Allocation

Enviro-mental Protec-tion

Disaster Preven-tion

Source: citarum.org


INDONESIA

Existing Problem Floods : upstream (Bandung City) and downstream area

(Kerawang etc)

Drought : Upstrean and Downstream

Water quality : Three cascade reservoir, Upstream (Bandung) and downstream (Kerawang etc).

Water allocation : constraint/conflict among three cascade reservoir with different purposes priority (Hydropower, irrigation and raw water for industry/housing). Water pricing issue.

Lack of data and reliable analitycal method.

Influences of landuse changes and climate changes to the above problem

Existing Condition


INDONESIA

Three weeks flooded in Dayeuh Kolot, previously natural flood plain area of upstream Jatiluhur Reservoir, 2013

sindonews.com

liputan6.com

prioritasnews.com

Existing Condition

detik.com Source: www.tempo.co

Source: www.metrotvnews.com

One weeks flooded in Jatiasih, Bekasi due to dike breach of Citarum River downstream of Jatiluhur Reservoir in 2013


INDONESIA

Engineering solution is only a short term as there is socio engineering solution required for the following problem :

Erosion and sedimentation

Solid waste

Land use change

Water suply/allocation

Existing Condition

1986 Before normalization 1994 Partial normalization 2001 Nearly final normalization 2003 Final normalization

2005 After normalization

2010 After normalization


INDONESIA

Three Cascade Reservoir of Citarum River (Flood, Irrigation, Power, Raw Water and Aqua Culture)

Saguling,1984, IndoPower Cirata (1988, PT PJB) Jatiluhur 1967, POJ

Jatiluhur Dam during drougt event in 2013, Source: voaindonesia.com

Jatiluhur Dam during flood event in 2010, Source: nasional.news.viva.co.id

Existing Condition

Average annual sedimentation rate 8 million m3/year flood in rainy

season and water scarcity in the dry season (ASER 2008, BPLHD)


INDONESIA

Existing Condition

555 000 m3/year of solid waste (BBWSC, 2013), Batujajar Bridge - Photo: The Sun, 2009

190 Tons /day of organic Waste, BPLHD,2009

Watershed degradation in neglasari area (BBWSC, 2013)

Industrial and domestic waste, upstream and downstream, BBWSC, 2013

Ciwidey, upstream area, MSB Kusuma, 2005


INDONESIA

White paper of Climate Chang Adaptation Scenario (Koike T, Univ of Tokyo, AWCI, Nov 2010)

Flood

Population

Growth

Urbanization

Three Cascades

Reservoir Operations Poverty

Organic Waste

Solid Waste

Subsidence

Ground Water Exploitation

Energy

Spatial

Planning

Problems

Food Production

Land Use

Change

Governance

many agencies

Fisheries

Watershed Degradation

Water

Demand Sedimentation

Water

Pollution

Inconsistency of Infrastructure

Characteristics of Water-Nexus in the Citarum River Basin (Koike T et al, WS, Bandung, 26J2013)

Key Changes Consequences

Runoff Ratio

Climate Change

Fertilizer


INDONESIA

Project Design Matrix : Outline

Project Purpose:

Adaptation of water resources management system in Citarum River Basin based

on evaluation of land use and climate change impact to flood and drought, by using improved datasets and analytical methodology

Expected Outputs: Update hydrological data and analysis method to identify flood and

drought trend

Demonstrate climate change impacts on floods and droughts based on the updated data and analysis method

Improvement the use of observational data and modeling to develop water resources management strategies in the future and its application capacity

Potential Activities and Collaboration: Updating observation data of rainfall, climatology, river discharge, and

land cover and analysis method for flood and drought assessment

Disseminating water resources management strategies, data sharing and technology among institutions


INDONESIA

Project Design Matrix : Expected Outputs

Update hydrological data and analysis method to identify flood and drought trend in Citarum River Basin Updated observation data of rainfall, climatology, river discharge, and land cover in

Citarum River Basin

Updated analysis method for flood and drought assessment

Demonstrate climate change impacts on floods and droughts based on the updated data and analysis method Updated flood and drought assessment through implementing of bias correction and

statistical downscaling of the selected GCMs

To develop near-real time rainfall-run off data observation/assessment and data dissemination systems based on ground data and satellite coupling which would be used as inputs into flood and drought prediction

To develop comprehensive climate observation data archives including land cover satellite image which are used for climate and land cover change analysis

Improvement the use of observational data and modeling to develop water resources management strategies in the future and its application capacity Improvement the appropriate unit hydrograph method and drought indices for

flood/drought assessment in Citarum River Basin / Indonesia

Dissemination of water resources management strategies, data sharing and technology among institutions

Improvement of the curriculum for undergraduate program in the topics of water resources engineering and management, sub-topics of flood and drought assessment


INDONESIA

Project Design Matrix : Activities Plan

Potential activities and collaboration Updating hydrological and analysis method to identify flood and drought trend in Citarum River Basin Updating observation data of rainfall, climatology, river

discharge, and land cover in Citarum River Basin Updating analysis method for flood and drought assessment Expected collaborators:

Ministry of Public Work : Puslitbang SDA (Research Centre for Water Resources), BBWSC (Citarum River Basin Organization) and PJT-II (Jatiluhur Dam Authority)

BMKG (Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics),

Local Government : BPLHD and Dinas PSDA Jawa Barat (West Java Water Resources Development Agency)

LAPAN (National Institute of Aeronautic and Space of Indonesia)

Directorate General of Higher Education (DIKTI)

MP3EI (Masterplan for Acceleration and Expansion of Economic Development, Coordinating Ministry of Economic Affairs)

AWCI (Asian Water Cycle Initiative) and Tokyo University (DIAS : Data Integration and Analysis System)

GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems)


INDONESIA


Demonstrating climate change impacts on floods and droughts based on the updated data and analysis method Updating flood and drought assessment through implementing of bias

correction and statistical downscaling of the selected GCMs

Developing near-real time rainfall-run off data observation/assessment and data dissemination systems based on ground data and satellite coupling which would be used as inputs into flood and drought prediction

Developing comprehensive climate observation data archives including land cover satellite image which are used for climate and land cover change analysis

Expected collaborators: Ministry of Public Work : Puslitbang SDA (Research Centre for Water Resources), BBWSC

(Citarum River Basin Organization) and PJT-II (Jatiluhur Dam Authority)

BMKG (Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics)

AWCI (Asian Water Cycle Initiative), DIAS (Data Integration and Analysis System) and University of Tokyo


GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems)


INDONESIA


Improving the use of observational data and modeling to develop water resources management strategies in the future and its application capacity

Improving the appropriate unit hydrograph method and drought indices for flood/drought assessment in Citarum River Basin / Indonesia

Disseminating water resources management strategies, data sharing and technology among institutions

Improving the curriculum for undergraduate program in the topics of water resources engineering and management, sub-topics of flood and drought assessment

Expected collaborators: Ministry of Public Work : Puslitbang SDA (Research Centre for Water Resources),

BBWSC (Citarum River Basin Organization) and PJT-II (Jatiluhur Dam Authority)

BAPPENAS (State Ministry of National Development Planning)

BMKG (Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics)

Local Government


Directorate General of Higher Education (DIKTI)

AWCI (Asian Water Cycle Initiative), DIAS (Data Integration and Analysis System) and University of Tokyo


INDONESIA

Indonesian Universities and Research Institution Join research on particular themes Private Sector

Involvement

Climate Variability Climate Change

Global

Regional

Local

Water Related Impacts

Drought Flood Other Impacts Research

People Awareness

Mitigation Plan

Implementation

Local Level Policy

AWCI, Tokyo/ Japanese University and Other Institution Downscaling of climatology data and scenarios

BBWSC, PJT-II,

DPSDA, etc Data,

Implementation and Policy BAPPENAS,

BAPPEDA Join research on particular themes

Collaboration Opportunities

International/National Funding Institution Program Cooperation

Curent Presentation


INDONESIA

Project Design Matrix : Progress

Activities : Research : Improvement of data base and assessment method

Education : Improvement of curriculum of water resources engineering study program

Training : Improvement of assessment tools

Community services : Contribution to problem solving of local people

Partners National and local level

Government

Private

Local people

Universities and research institution

Overseas level

Association//Group : GEOSS-ACWI

Universities : Tokyo University

Donor institution : APN (last proposal failed might be caused by missed one

cv of team member)


INDONESIA


Research : Study of Runoff Control Effect in Upper Citarum Watershed Rivers (Cisangkuy,

Citarik, Cikapundung) to South Bandung Flood

Evaluation of Water Resources Management System for Climate Change Adaptation

Spatial Model of Risk Analysis in Determining Flood Control Criteria (Case study: Upper Citarum River Basin), 2013

Training : Improvement of assessment tools

Community services : Contribution to problem solving of local people


INDONESIA


Rainfall

Discharg

Data observation ; varies from one station to another. From 376 rainfall stations, 26 stations (6.9% ) has very good data record with data availability more than 90%, 142 stations (37.8% ) have relatively good data records with data availability more than 70% and 192 stations (51.2%) have bad data records with data availability less than 50%.

Data Availability >90% (26stations)

Data Availability >70% (142 stations)

Data Availability <50% (192stations)

Meteorological Station at Lembang

Discharge Station at Cirasea-Cengkrong

Rainfall Station at Cicalengka Discharge Station at Nanjung

19

Trend of Climate Change Effect in the Pacific Ocean to Rainfall in Citarum

Correlation of MEI and monthly rainfall during dry season

Correlation of MEI and monthly rainfall during wet season

Trend: Upper Citarum tends to have a positive correlation coefficient, while lower Citarum tends to have a negative correlation coefficient. If MEI takes place in the dry season, upper Citarum tends to have more rainfall while lower Citarum tends to get less rainfall. If the warm phase of MEI takes place during rain season, both regions of upper Citarum and lower Citarum tend to have less rainfall, however, the potential of reduction in rainfall tends to be much in upper Citarum than in lower Citarum

20

Trend of Climate Change Effect in the Indian Ocean to Rainfall in Citarum

Correlation of DMI and monthly rainfall during dry season

Correlation of DMI and monthly rainfall during wet season

Trend: If warm phase of DMI takes place in dry season, then both regions of upper Citarum and lower Citarum tend to have less rainfall compared to the potential reduction which is much in lower Citarum than upper Citarum If warm phase of DMI takes place in rain season, rainfall in upper Citarum tends to be lower while rainfall in lower Citarum tends to be higher.


INDONESIA

21

Climate Change: Rainfall and river discharge trend

Trend of increase in average rainfall and discharge during wet season, and decrease in dry season within the last few decades: (Case Study of Upper Citarum River Basin)

decrease

increase

decrease increase

Nanjung Station

Upper Citarum River Basin

Current and near future Activities


INDONESIA

Current and near future Activities Community Services

22

Citarum Bestari (Clean, Healthy, Sustainable, Attractive) and Eco-village Project

Rapid development in Citarum River Basin has resulted in the degradation in its water quality. Ecosystem restoration need to be conducted through an integrated and systematic action by involving the relevant stakeholders. To support this program, the Government of West Java Province through launch ‘Citarum Bestari Action Plan’, particularly in the upstream of Citarum River Basin from km 0 to km 77.

Eco Village Program also launched to increase the awareness of the society to support Citarum River Ecosystem Restoration

Cikapundung

Cidurian

Citarum Hulu Cijalupang

Citarik Cikeruh

Cisangkuy Ciwidey

Cimahi

Saguling

Cisanti Lake, Upstream of Citarum River Basin


INDONESIA

23

Efforts To Support Water Resources Management in Subang district: Case Studies Cipunegara

Flood and droughts risk be reduced by a well-integrated water resources management especially in managing water during the rainy and dry season. Subang District is one of the area in West Java Province with relatively high risk to flood and drought. In the early of 2014, thousand of houses were inundated during the flood event which hit 13 sub-district in Subang. In the other hand, large area of rice field in this district also susceptible to drought in dry season. This program focused on the flood and drought assessment in Cipunegara River Basin as one of the main river in Subang District.

www.tempo.com

Flood in Subang District, 2014

Community Services



INDONESIA Related Research and Academic Activities

24

Flood Assessment in PT. INTI Area

PT . INTI is a national telecommunication and electrical devices manufacture, founded in the early 1970. The factory site in Dayeuh Kolot, Bandung, is located in low contour and relatively close to Citarum River. The rapid development of industrial area around its site location in, especially in some nearby river tributaries together with more intense heavy rainfall within the last few years has resulted flooding / inundation in the location of PT.INTI.

River tributaries adjacent to the site location

Building structure in the river water body nearby the site location



INDONESIA Community Service

25

Flood Assessment in PT. Pupuk Kujang

PT Pupuk Kujang is a national fertilizer company, founded in 1975. The rapid development of industrial area around its site location in Cikarang, together with more intense heavy rainfall within the last few years has resulted flooding / inundation in nearby area. Flood assessment in conducted as part of the effort to overcome the flood inundation within the company site and in the nearby residential areas

Flood from Cikarang Gelam River

Siphon in Cikarang Gelam River, filled with garbage



INDONESIA Education

26

Curriculum Improvement of Undergraduate Program of Water Resources Engineering and Management in ITB The Undergraduate Program of Water Resources Engineering and Management

of ITB is entered the second year

To cope with the latest water resources issues, and science & technology improvement, curriculum improvement and adjustment is conducted in several subjects, such in in the topics of drought hydrology, etc.

Staff Capacity Development

The member of Water Resources Engineering Research Group, ITB, are actively involved in workshop/training as part of staff capacity development, e.g.:

AWCI Training Course on Improved Bias Correction and Downscaling Techniques for Climate Change Assessment including Drought Indices (2013)

Planned: Climate change impact assessment techniques including hydrological modeling in cold region basins, Pakistan (2014)



INDONESIA

27

Evaluation of Application Unit Hydrograph Method for Non Uniform Rainfall and

Contribution of each tributary river

Cikapundung

Cidurian

Citarum Hulu Cijalupang

Citarik Cikeruh

Cisangkuy Ciwidey

Cimahi

Saguling

Research

Citarum Hulu Citarik Cikeruh Cisangkuy Cidurian Cikapundung Cipamokolan Cicadas

Event in 2007 21.71% 7.94% 7.27% 34.38% 3.12% 18.34% 3.50% 1.92%Event in 2008 22.16% 13.44% 13.65% 26.51% 2.89% 14.46% 3.20% 1.76%Event in 2010 16.18% 21.41% 6.94% 28.79% 3.65% 15.34% 4.19% 2.39%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

Perc

enta

ge o

f con

trib

utio

n flo

od h

ydro

grap

h (%

)

Contribution Flood Hydrograph of Sub Watrsheds in Upper Citarum River Basin



INDONESIA

28

Drought

Dry spell trends in the downstream of Citarum such as Bekasi, Karawang, and Indramayu Regency shows an increasing pattern.

Most of irrigation area in West Java is located in the downstream of Citarum River Basin, with total area about 200,00ha. Prolonged drought in this basin might disturb Indonesian rice production

Source: citarum.org

Dry Spell Trend in Citarum River Basin



INDONESIA Research

29

Analysis of Meteorological and Hydrological Drought in Citarum River Basin

This study presents an analysis of spatial and temporal of droughts from the aspect of meteorological and hydrological. In Citarum River Basin. Correlation between parameters of meteorological and hydrological is

evaluated to describe the magnitude of the drought event in terms of duration, severity, and extent of affected area - 3 - 3 - 4

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4 Ekstrim Basah3 Sangat Basah2 Agak Basah1 Sedikit Basah

0 . 5 Awal Selang Basah0 Mendekati Normal

- 2 Awal Selang Kering- 3 Sedikit Kering- 5 Agak Kering- 6 Sangat Kering- 7 Ekstrim Kering

Extremely wet

Very wet

Moderately wet

Near normal

Moderately dry

Severely dry

Extremely dry

SPI 3-month (1997) PDSI (1997)



INDONESIA

Summary

30

• Socio engineering solution is required to achieve

appropriate solution for Citarum River Basin

• Data base development is compulsory to improve

results reliability and in this case national and

international cooperation is required

• Improvement of assessment method/tools is necessary

to support future program


INDONESIA

Thank You Arigatou

Terimah kasih

country activities - 一般財団法人リモート・セン … activities kusuma, msb, et.al....

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