cover evironment pre3 · 2016. 11. 17. · 7eoe 7eoe 7eoe czodko9afxtlq[dkolt[a[ouip[ip’0bo grn...

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$D lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu !G ,Nmu $$D lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu !G ,Nmu $$D lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu !G ,Nmu $$D lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu !G ,Nmu $$D lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu !G ,Nmu $dyf9tdeg7njvows; c]t 9a’s;tG g7njvows;xt8y[af7elaj’8k,okp76cotoe ............................... 27dyf9tde;q’,qoG sjko c]t oqdcdh; .............................................................................................. 28dyf9tdely]txtlhk’laoG dkoxAoI6[g]0k7toyfxtdv[gxaoI6[laf c]t 8Qow,h ............................ 29dyf9tdedkosYodk’c9h’G sYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqd ............................................................ 30dyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkG gd,[;dI6[rk[lafxud9eo;o !{&D ....................................................... 31dyf9tdedkosYo8k,,5,G ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,g7njv’sYolezaf .......................................... 32

&D &D &D &D &D lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkFlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkFlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkFlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkFlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu !G ,Nmu & vkmyfmu !G ,Nmu & vkmyfmu !G ,Nmu & vkmyfmu !G ,Nmu & vkmyfmu !G ,Nmu &dyf9tdeg7njvows; c]t 9a’s;tG g7njvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’oqdcdh; ..... 33dyf9tde;q’,qoG ’6 c]t c0h ........................................................................................................ 34dyf9tdely]txtlhk’laoG mkluI6[rk[lafxudfh;plu8k,.9 ......................................................... 35dyf9tdedkosYodk’c9h’G sYofyo-kpG ’6dyo0PfD ...................................................................... 36


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!WD !WD !WD !WD !WD lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu @G ,Nmu &vkmyfmu @G ,Nmu &vkmyfmu @G ,Nmu &vkmyfmu @G ,Nmu &vkmyfmu @G ,Nmu &dyf9tdeg7njvows; c]t 9a’s;tG g7njvows;gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqf .............. 66dyf9tde;q’,qoG vkdkf ............................................................................................................. 67dyf9tdely]txtlhk’laoG c8h,I6[rk[0Poltst Vy 8k,7ela[ ................................................. 68dyf9tdedkosYodk’c9h’G sYoc[[sYoxhv’dao8q; ..................................................................... 69dyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkG gd,8+I6[rk[vkdkfvhv,8q;gIqkD ........................................................ 70

dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,G ,5,;ymtpklkfme,t-kf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD ........................ 71 95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu # 95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu # 95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu # 95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu # 95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu # ........................................................................................... 72-74!!D!!D!!D!!D!!Dlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkFlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkFlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkFlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkFlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu #G ,Nmu !vkmyfmu #G ,Nmu !vkmyfmu #G ,Nmu !vkmyfmu #G ,Nmu !vkmyfmu #G ,Nmu !

dyf9tdeg7njvows; c]t 9a’s;tG g7njvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ vkdkffu ..... 75dyf9tde;q’,qoG 7;k,\kp c]t -nj0v’4E .............................................................................. 76dyf9tdely]txtlhk’laoGxAofyogxaoI6[v53,’ ............................................................................... 77dyf9tdedkosYodk’c9h’G sYoc[[sYoglnvw]j\6 ........................................................................ 78dyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkG gd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[4ED .................................................................. 79dyf9tdedkosYo8k,,5,G ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao ...................................... 80

!@D !@D !@D !@D !@D lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkFlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkFlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkFlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkFlyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu #G ,Nmu @ vkmyfmu #G ,Nmu @ vkmyfmu #G ,Nmu @ vkmyfmu #G ,Nmu @ vkmyfmu #G ,Nmu @dyf9tdeg7njvows; c]t 9a’s;tG g7njvows;8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[[qf7e7jv’ 4E ............... 81dyf9tde;q’,qoG muj8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’4E ....................................................................... 82dyf9tdely]txtlhk’laoG 0uf0Po8q;g]d !* 8k,Ivp9E .......................................................... 83dyf9tdedkosYodk’c9h’G sYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qoD ............................................ 84dyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkG gd,9a[76jI6[rk[4Emk’.o c]t mk’ovdD ......................................... 85dyf9tdedkosYo8k,,5,G ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f ........................................ 86

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1

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(ສວສ

)

6

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7

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(ສວສ

)

8

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9

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu !

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(ສວສ

)

10

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|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu !

11

dyf9tdely]txtlhk’laodyf9tdely]txtlhk’laodyf9tdely]txtlhk’laodyf9tdely]txtlhk’laodyf9tdely]txtlhk’lao

sq;0=hG 8yfI6[rk[-hk’ c]t ,hksq;0=hG 8yfI6[rk[-hk’ c]t ,hksq;0=hG 8yfI6[rk[-hk’ c]t ,hksq;0=hG 8yfI6[rk[-hk’ c]t ,hksq;0=hG 8yfI6[rk[-hk’ c]t ,hk

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo.odko8yfI6[rk[-hk’ c]t ,hkwfh4nd8hv’@D g/ydxtlkflerao]ts;jk’,n da[ 8k.odko8yfI6[rk[G -hk’ c]t ,hkD#D ,u7;k,vqfmqo.odko8yfI6[rk[G -hk’ c]t ,hk.shltvkf9q[’k,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko8yfI6[rk[-hk’ c]t ,hkD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D g9hp0k;F dk;leg]afI6[ sn dk;g0Qk|P;8Q,D@D g9hpI6[rk[ -hk’F ,hk c]t c[[I6[rk[-hk’F ,hkmuj8yfc]h;D#D -k,oEF lt[6F zhkg-af,nD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpgIafmjkmk’cvooyh;,nwxmk’s^a’d=k,ng0QkD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[-hk’F ,hkF lqomtokdjP;da[75oxt3spf c]t 0Ao8vodko8yfI6[-hk’ c]t ,hkD#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodko8yfI6[rk[-hk’F ,hkD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[0Ao8vo c]t ;ymu8yfI6[rk[-hk’F ,hkD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo.odko8yfI6[rk[-hk’F ,hk.sh9q[’k, c]t dkogda[

,hPov5xtdvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’dko[vd0Ao8vo.odko8yfI6[rk[-hk’ c]t ,hkD@D 7;k,7jv’c7h;.odko8afF 8yfI6[rk[G -hk’ c]t ,hkD#D 7;k,vqfmqo.odko8yfI6[rk[G -hk’ c]t ,hk .shltvkf9q[’k,DD



(ສວສ

)

12

dyf9tdedkos^Yodk’c9h’ dyf9tdedkos^Yodk’c9h’ dyf9tdedkos^Yodk’c9h’ dyf9tdedkos^Yodk’c9h’ dyf9tdedkos^Yodk’c9h’

sq;0= hG c[[s^ Yo,af8km;kplP’Ihv’0v’lafsq;0= hG c[[s^ Yo,af8km;kplP’Ihv’0v’lafsq;0= hG c[[s^ Yo,af8km;kplP’Ihv’0v’lafsq;0= hG c[[s^ Yo,af8km;kplP’Ihv’0v’lafsq;0= hG c[[s^ Yo,af8km;kplP’Ihv’0v’laf

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG !D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYo,af8km;kplP’Ihv’0v’lafwfh4nd8hv’D@D s^Yoc[[s^Yo,af8km;kplP’Ihv’0v’lafwfh4nd8hv’D#D vqfmqo.og;]ks^yhoc[[s^YoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYoc[[sYo,af8km;kp lP’Ihv’0v’laf

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D zhkcr ! zno c]t \;d38wdjF 7;kp c]t c[hD@D ;ymus^Yoc[[s^Yo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpgIafmjkmk’wdj[yoF 7;kppjk’ c]t c[hIhv’D@D okp76ltg|u c[[s^Yo c]t lkmyf;ymus^Yoc[[s^Yo,af8km;kplP’Ihv’0v’laf#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYo,af8km;kplP’Ihv’0v’laf 768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yoc[[s^Yo,af8km;kplP’Ihv’0v’lafD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG ]t,af]t;a’.og;]kpjk’F [+p6hsa’daoF ,ult8y.odko2a’F sYoc]h;vtokw,,nF

8uo c]t gda[,hPov5xtdvo-j;pdaoD*D .shgfadohvpoaj’]q’1Pf-njc]h;7jvpM[y[0Bo[y[]q’s^a’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvps^Yo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYo,af8km;kplP’Ihv’0v’lafD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkosYoc[[sYo,af8km;kplP’Ihv’0v’lafD#D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]ks^yhoD


13

dyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkdyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkdyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkdyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkdyf9tdegd,dkolbdlk

sq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosâ’F fhko0hk’sq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosâ’F fhko0hk’sq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosâ’F fhko0hk’sq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosâ’F fhko0hk’sq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosâ’F fhko0hk’

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfhD@D 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosa’F fhko0hk’wfh4nd8hv’D#D -j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ks^Yogd,D

II. goNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.odko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosa’F fhko0hk’G -hk’F ’q;F 7;kpF ,hk

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qdG fhko|hkG -hk’F ’q;F 7;kpF ,hkD fhko0hk’G -hk’F ’q;F 7;kpF

,hkD fhkosa’G -hk’F ’q;F 7;kpF ,hkD Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[G czjogd,7ela[G 1kF 0kF ’kF 9kFskF

fkF rkD{ czjogd,lts^t Vk{ czjogd,rtpao-tot 1 0 ’ 9 s f r

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[laf[qdxtgrflaf.spjD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkos^Yogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,

fhko|hkF fhkosa’F fhko0hk’D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sâ’9kds^Yoc]h; c]t dko-j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.o

g;]ks^Yogd,D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosa’F fhko0hk’D#D dko-j;pgsnv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ksYogd,D



(ສວສ

)

14

dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,

sq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjko

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D sYogxao7qo]hP’laf c]t sYogxao8q;]t7vo.o[qfoymko1jk’,j;o-njoD#D vjkoI6[rk[.oxB,oymko c]t vjkovvdlP’7ela[mju,u c]t lts^t V5 wfh4nd8hv’D$D g;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\j6grnjvo.og;]ks^YoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’sYoF ;ymusYo8k,,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkoD!D dkosYo[qf[kflq,,5fgxao7qo]hP’lafF .shvkskolaf c]t gxao8q;]t7vo.o[qfoymko g]njv’lv’ljP;D@D dkola’gdf c]t vjkoI6[rk[.oxB,oymkog]njv’lv’ljP;F vjkovvdlP’7ela[mju,ults^t V5 d5 [5

x5 ]5 95 ,5 85 v5D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fG vkskolaf9e]v’D |hkdkd38lafD \;d8q;]t7vo.o[qfoymko g]njv’ lv’ljP;D@D ,5,vjkoG dtfkolP[ s^n 8yfF xB,oymkog]njv’ lv’ljP;S xB,[qfg/ydsaf rklk]k; gsA, @ X|hk

!#? s^n g9hp7ela[G d5 [5 x5 ]5 95 ,5 85 v5D#D [aflaopt]adg0Qks^Yo8k,,5,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[laf[qdxtgrflaf.spjD@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF .shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgs^nvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yo8k,,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[|6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odkosYogxao7qo]hP’laf c]t sYogxao8q;]t7vo.o[qfoymko#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkovjkoI6[rk[.oxB,oymko c]t vjkovvdlP’7ela[mju,ultst V5D$D dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu !

15


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,lP’laopko8q[,nsq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,lP’laopko8q[,nsq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,lP’laopko8q[,nsq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,lP’laopko8q[,nsq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,lP’laopko8q[,n

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D ltcf’mjkmk’8k,lP’laopko8q[,nwfh4nd8hv’D@D g;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,lP’laopko8q[,nG{ 8q[,n ! [kf ltcf’mjkmk’c[hIhv’D{ 8q[,n @ [kf ltcf’mjkmk’dt8jkpg8AoD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvomjksafdkpt[=]ysko,n c]t cv; Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko,n c]t cv;G 8q[,n,kmk’\hkF 0hk’-hkp{0;k c]t mjk|6ocv;

wxvhv,Iv[D@D .shgfadohvppjk’1EgmQk8k,9a’s;tlP’dv’-hk{w;D#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,lP’laopko8q[,nD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpoaj’0aflt\kfsa[8klt,kmyD*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,lP’laopko8q[,nD(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,lP’laopko8q[,nD@D dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu @


(ສວສ

)

16

dyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qosq;0=hG dt8jkp c]t c[hsq;0=hG dt8jkp c]t c[hsq;0=hG dt8jkp c]t c[hsq;0=hG dt8jkp c]t c[hsq;0=hG dt8jkp c]t c[hI. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’

grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spf c]t dkof6c]Iadlkdt8jkp c]t c[hwfh4nd8hv’D@D vjkovvdlP’rtpao-tot8Qo8k,7ela[wfh-afg9oD#D oa[9eo;oc8j !{!& wfh4nd8hv’D$D ,u7;k,g,f8kdt]5ok8+lafD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D laf[qdxtgrflafohvpG c[hF dt8jkpD { c[hG ]adltotG c[hgxaolafmuj,ulufeF luoE8koF lu0k;F ,ug0qkF ,u $ 0kF ,usk’lAoS g7njvomuj fh;pdkopjk’

c]t c]joS muj16jvkwlG c[hvkwl16j.o7vdF mqj’okF gfujosphk sn 2k,S vkskoG c[h gxaolafmujdyornfc]t oEgxaovkskoS 75oxt3spfG c[h.sh-Uo c]t oq,S dkof6c]IadlkG .shvkskoF .shmuj16jvkwlF[+me]kp c]t xyjoxq;g;]kg9a[gxaoD

{ dt8jkpG ]adltotG dt8jkpgxaolafmuj,uluoE8koF lucf’F lu0k;F ,u $ 0kF ,us6pk;F ,usk’lAoSg7njvomujfh;pdkoc]jo c]t g8AoS muj16jvkwlG dt8jkp]hP’vkwl16j.o7vd c]t dt8jkpxjk vkwl16j.oxjkSvksko dt8jkpgxaolafmujdyornf c]t oEgxaovkskoS 75oxt3spfG dt8jkp.sh-Uogxaovksko c]t.sh7;k,l;p’k,S dkof6c]IadlkG .shvkskoF 16jvkwlF c]t xyjoxq;g;]kg9a[gxaoD

@D vjkovvdlP’rtpao-tot8Qo8k,7ela[G -hk’X-?F dt8jkp Xd?F c[h X[?F zad Xz?F dh;p Xd?F vhvp Xv?D#D oa[9eo;oc8j !{!& Xoa[w,hfY;?

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D w,hfY; !& vaoS I6[rk[G c[hdyosphk16jmqj’okF dt8jkp16j.o7vdF 7qogvqksphk.shdt8jkpdyoD@D [af7ela[G -hk’X-?F jdt8jkp Xd?F c[h X[?F zad Xz?F dh;p Xd?F vhvpXv?

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[dkof6c]Iadlk-hk’ c]t ,hkD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F djP;da[]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spfF dkof6c]Iadlk

dt8jkp c]t c[hD#D okp76rkgfadohvpvjkovvdlP’rtpao-tot8Qo8k,7ela[D$D .shgfadohvpoa[w,hfY;9eo;oc8j !{!&D&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[da[]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spfF dkof6c]Iadlk dt8jkp

c]t c[hD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkovto5]adIadlkdt8jkp c]t c[hD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spf c]t dkof6c]Iadlkc[h c]t dt8jkpD@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkovjkovvdlP’rtpao-tot8Qo8k,7ela[D#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkooa[9eo;ow,hfY;c8j !{!&D$D 7;k,g,f8kdt]5ok8+lafD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu @

17


sq;0= h G c8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9Esq;0= h G c8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9Esq;0= h G c8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9Esq;0= h G c8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9Esq;0= h G c8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9E

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo.odkoc8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9Ewfh4nd8hv’D@D c8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9Ewfh9q[’k,D#D ,u7;k,vqfmqo.odkoc8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9E.shleg]afD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoc8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9ED

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D l=fe s^n l=luw,hD@D 1k’]b[F g9hp0k;D#D g9hpI6[rk[38dt8jkpmuj,uIvp9E c]t g9hpI6[rk[38dt8jkpmuc8h,c]h;D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpgIafmjkmk’d=k,ng0Qkc]h;c[,nvvdD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[38dt8jkpF lqomtokdjP;da[0Ao8vodkoc8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkpD#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkoc8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9ED$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[0Ao8vodkoc8h,I6[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9ED*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo.odkoc8h,I6[ c]t 7;k,lk,ad7u.odkogda[

,hPov5xtdvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo.odkoc8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9ED@D 7;k,9q[’k,.odkoc8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9ED#D 7;k,vqfmqo.odkoc8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkp8k,Ivp9E.shleg]afD



(ສວສ

)

18


sq;0= hG c[[s^Yodt8jkppkf7vdsq;0= hG c[[s^Yodt8jkppkf7vdsq;0= hG c[[s^Yodt8jkppkf7vdsq;0= hG c[[s^Yodt8jkppkf7vdsq;0= hG c[[s^Yodt8jkppkf7vd

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYodt8jkppkf7vdwfh4nd8hv’D@D sYoc[[sYodt8jkppkf7vdwfh4nd8hv’D#D xvfwr.og;]ksYoc[[sYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYoc[[sYodt8jkppkf7vdD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo;ymusYo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvp1+kgmQkda[muj c]t pjk’gxaoc4;-nj8k,lP’g7ktD@D okp76ltg|u c[[sYo c]t lkmyf;ymusYoc[[sYodt8jkppkf7vdD#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYodt8jkppkf7vdF okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYoc[[sYodt8jkppkf7vdD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG s^YoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7uF 7jvpc]joF [+c]jo8edao c]t vtokw,,nF

8uo.shltvkfsa’9kdsYoc]h;D*D .shgfadohvp1noda[mujc]h;7jvpM[u[8k,8qo8q; sa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvpsYo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYodt8jkppkf7vdD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkosYoc[[sYodt8jkppkf7vdD#D 7;k,xvfwr.og;]ksYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkvkmyfmu ! ,Nmu @

19

dyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkdyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkdyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkdyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkdyf9tdegd,dkolbdlksq;0=hG gd,9a[76jI6[rk[38laf[qdda[sk’sq;0=hG gd,9a[76jI6[rk[38laf[qdda[sk’sq;0=hG gd,9a[76jI6[rk[38laf[qdda[sk’sq;0=hG gd,9a[76jI6[rk[38laf[qdda[sk’sq;0=hG gd,9a[76jI6[rk[38laf[qdda[sk’I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’

grnjv.shgfadlk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D 9a[76jI6[rk[I6[rk[38laf[qdda[sk’D#D 7;k,lk,ad7u.og;]ksYogd,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=9a[76jI6[rk[I6[rk[38laf[qdda[sk’G dt8jkpda[sk’F ,hkda[sk’F -hk’da[sk’F 7;k,da[sk’F

]u’da[sk’D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,9a[76jI6[rk[I6[rk[38laf[qdda[sk’G dt8jkpda[sk’F ,hkda[sk’F -hk’da[sk’F

7;k,da[sk’F ]u’ da[sk’ Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosa’F fhko0hk’G

{ fhko|hkG ,hkF -hk’F ’q;F 7;kpD{ fhkosa’G ,hkF -hk’F ’q;F 7;kpD{ fhko0hk’G ,hkF -hk’F ’q;F 7;kpD

#D I6[rk[dt8jkpmuj,u9eo;o!{!&D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpoa[9eo;oc8j !{!&D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkosYogd,9a[76jI6[rk[38laf[qdda[sk’D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kdsYoc]h; c]t 7;k,lk,ad7u.og;]ksYogd,D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jI6[rk[38laf[qdda[sk’DD#D 7;k,lk,ad7u.og;]ksYogd,D



(ສວສ

)

20


sq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,@D vjkovvdlP’7ela[muj,ults^t V5 c]t vjkoI6[rk[.oxB,oymkowfh4nd8hv’D#D c8h,I6[rk[ c]t 8yfI6[rk[wfh4nd8hv’D$D gda[,hPog7njv’s^Yow;h4nd[jvomujdeoqfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -bjg7njv’sYoF ;ymusYo8k,,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao@D dkola’gdf c]t vjkovvdlP’7ela[muj,ultst V5G ,5h’F p5’F ]5’ d5h’ c]t vjkoI6[rk[.oxB,oymko

g]njv’lv’ljP;D #D dkoc8h,I6[rk[38dt8jkpD 8yfI6[rk[-hk’ c]t ,hkD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,vjkoG dtfkolP[ s^n 8yfS 7ela[mju,ults^t V5G ,5h’F p5’F ]5’F d5h’ xB,oymkog]njv’lv’ljP;D@D ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoG l=fe s^n l=luw,hF g9hp0k;F dk;le]a[8yfF g9hpc[[I6[rk[38dt8jkpF g9hp

I6[rk[-hk’ c]t ,hkD#D [aflaopt]adg0Qks^Yo8k,,5,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP[da[laf[qdxtgrflafohvpD@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF .shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,vjko c]t ,5,lu]txtlhk’laoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgs^nvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yo8k,,5,vjko c]t ,5,lu]txtlhk’laoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPog7njv’s^Yow;h4nd[jvomujdeoqfD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkovjkovvdlP’7ela[muj,ults^t V5 F 8jk’dao c]t vjkoI6[rk[.oxB,oymkoD#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoc8h,I6[rk[ c]t 8yfI6[rk[D$D dkogda[,hPog7njv’sYow;h4nd[jvomujdeoqfD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu @

21


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D ltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[wfh4nd8hv’D@D xvfwr.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[G{ pqdI6[rk[xkltcf’mjkmk’xk]vpoED{ pqdI6[rk[d5h’ltcf’mjkmk’d5h’g8AoD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D I6[rk[G xkF d5h’D@D mjksafdkpt[=]ysko]e7= c]t 0k Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko]e7= c]t 0kG \6o]e7= c]t mjk31j’31t0k]q’D@D .shgfadohvppjk’1P[glAog-nvdpk; # c,afD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvplajo7+,n c]t 7+8uo-hk*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[D(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,xvfwr.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[D@D 7;k,xvfwr.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu ! ,NmuG #


(ສວສ

)

22

dyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qosq;0=hG xk c]t d5h’sq;0=hG xk c]t d5h’sq;0=hG xk c]t d5h’sq;0=hG xk c]t d5h’sq;0=hG xk c]t d5h’I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’

grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spfF dkof6c]Iadlkxk c]t d5h’wfh4nd8hv’D@D 2a’oymkoF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfoymkowfh-afg9oD#D ,u7;k,g,f8kdt]5ok8+lafD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D lafoEG xkF d5h’D{ xkG ]adltotG xk[k’-toyf,ugdafs5h,s+38F [k’-toyf[+,ugdafs5h,s+38F ,usk’F ,u7u16jsa’ c]t 16jmhv’S

g7njvomujfh;pdko]vpS muj16jvkwlG xkvkwl16j.ooES vkskoG xkdyorbfF |vooE c]t oEgxao vkskoS75oxt3spfG xk.sh-YogxaovkskoF xk[k’-toyf.sh7;k,l;p’k,S dkof6c]IadlkG .shvkskoF16jvkwl X|v’ s^n vjk’?F [+me]kp c]t \ajoxjPooEg]njvpMD

{ d5h’G ]adltotG d5h’,u]adltotsa’dqj’F ,ugxnvdc0’s5h,s+8q;F ,u|;fS g7njvomujfh;pdko]vpS muj16jvkwlGd5h’vkwl16j.ooES vkskoG d5h’dyornfF |vooE c]t oEgxaovkskoS 75oxt3spfG d5h’.sh-YogxaovkskoS dkof6c]IadlkG .shvkskoF muj16jvkwl X|v’ sn vjk’?F [+me]kp c]t \ajoxjPooEg]njvpMD

@D dko2a’oymkog]njv’ xkohvp0UfnhF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfoymkoD{ 7ela[G x6F xkF d5h’F svpF 0PfF sh;pF 8qd.9F lafF oEF gdafF ]vpF ;a’oEF xvfwrF 0=3mfD{ xt3spdG /6’lafoE-vdskdyovksko.osh;poE1jk’,u7;k,l5dF d5h’sa’dqj’]vpwx-j;p xkohvpF

xk7+.spj,ugdaffes5h,g8a,38F xkohvpdjk;0=3mfda[\6jlafoEF xkohvp]vpsYoz6hfP; 1jk’,j;o-njoD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D vjk’xkS I6[rk[G xkF d5h’F 7qogdnvxkD#D [qfoymkog]njv’ xkohvp0UfN Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[lafoEmujgfadohvpI6h9adD@D okp76g]qjkoymkoF lqomtokF g;Qkgxao7elaa[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfoymkoD#D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F lqomtokdjP;da[]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spfF dkof6c]

Iadlkxk c]t d5h’D$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spfF dkof6c]Iadlkxk c]t d5h’*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfaddjP;da[vto5]adIadlkxk c]t d5h’D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spf c]t dkof6c]Iadlkxk c]t d5h’D@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkog;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfoymkoD#D 7;k,g,f8kdt]5ok8+lafD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu ! ,N mu #

23


sq;0= hG dkomkluI6[rk[lafoEsq;0= hG dkomkluI6[rk[lafoEsq;0= hG dkomkluI6[rk[lafoEsq;0= hG dkomkluI6[rk[lafoEsq;0= hG dkomkluI6[rk[lafoE

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D mkluI6[rk[lafoE.sh9q[’k, c]t 16j.o0v[D@D g/ydxtlkflerao]ts;jk’,nda[8k.odkomkluI6[lafoED#D c[j’xaol=lu.sh\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkomkluI6[rk[lafoEfh;plu8k,.9D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D l=luw,h s^n l=lumPo@D xB,[qfg/ydsaf|j;p lyj’c;f]hv, X|hkmu &?D#D [qfgr’ ;ao.o|bj’vkmyfD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76rkgfadohvpIhv’gr’ ;ao.o|bj’vkmyf xtdv[mjkmk’D@D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[xkmujgfadohvpg7upgsao c]t 0Ao8vodkomkluI6[lafoED#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkomkluI6[rk[lafoED$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD&D gfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[;ymumkluI6[rk[lafoED*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo.odkomkluI6[rk[ c]t dkoc[j’xaog7njv’.-h.sh

\6jgrnjvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,9q[’k,.odkomkluI6[lafoE[+.shvvd9kd0v[D@D 7;k,7jv’c7h;.odko9a[l=lumkluI6[lafoED#D dkoc[j’xaol=lu.sh\6jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu #


(ສວສ

)

24


sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Aodq[sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Aodq[sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Aodq[sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Aodq[sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Aodq[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0aog8Aodq[fh4nd8hv’D@D s^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Aodq[wfh4nd8hv’D#D ,u,k]tpkfmujfu.og;]ks^yhoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Aodq[D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D g-nvd c]t dv’D@D ;ymus^Yo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvplajo0=h,nF 8q[,n c]t \6og0qjkD@D okp76ltg|u c[[sYo c]t lkmyf;ymusYoc[[sYoc0j’0aog8Aodq[D#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYoc0j’0aog8Aodq[F okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Aodq[D&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG vqfmqo]=4hks^Yo8k,]=kfa[F 7jvpg8AoF s^Yoc]h;]hk’,n c]t 8uo.shltvkfD*D .shgfadohvpoaj’]q’1Pf0k-njc]h;.-h,n[u[g[qkM sa’9kdoAo xjvp.shgfadohvps^Yo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Aodq[D#D ,k]tpkfmujfu.og;]ksyhoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkvkmyfmu ! ,Nmu #

25

dyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkdyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkdyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkdyf9tdegd,dkolbdlkdyf9tdegd,dkolbdlksq;0=hG gd,]Po]efa[lafoEmuj0kfskpwx8k,c[[sq;0=hG gd,]Po]efa[lafoEmuj0kfskpwx8k,c[[sq;0=hG gd,]Po]efa[lafoEmuj0kfskpwx8k,c[[sq;0=hG gd,]Po]efa[lafoEmuj0kfskpwx8k,c[[sq;0=hG gd,]Po]efa[lafoEmuj0kfskpwx8k,c[[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-nj c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D ]Po]efa[lafoEmuj0kfskpwx8k,c[[wfh4nd8hv’D#D gda[,hPoczjogd,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko]Po]efa[lafoEmuj0kfskpwx8k,c[[G xkF d5h’F svpF dtx6D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,]Po]efa[I6[rk[lafoEmuj0kfskpwx8k,c[[G xkF d5h’F svpF dtx6 Xle]a[okp76 c]t

gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9a[76jI6[rk[38laf[qdda[sk’G dt8jkpda[sk’F ,hkda[sk’F -hk’da[sk’F

7;kpda[sk’F ]u’da[sk’D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[lafoED@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkos^Yogd,]Po]efa[lafoEmuj0kfskpwx

8k,c[[D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kdsYoc]h; c]t gda[,hPoczjogd,D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko]Po]efa[lafoEmuj0kfskpwx8k,c[[D#D dkogda[,hPoczjogd,D

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu #


(ສວສ

)

26


sq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D [vddkog7njvows;7;k,c8d8jk’0v’xk c]t d5h’wfh4nd8hv’#D mklu c]t c8h,I6[rk[wfh4nd8hv’$D g;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\j66jgrnjvo.og;]ksYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’s^YoF ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD@D dkola’gdfdkog7njvows;0v’xkF d5h’F [vd7;k,c8d8jk’0v’xkF d5h’D#D mkluI6[rk[xkD c8h,I6[38dt8jkpD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfG xk c]t d5h’D vjk’ sn -k,oED@D ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoG l=feF l=luw,h sn lumPoD g9hp0k;D g9hhpI6[rk[xkD g9hpc[[I6[rk[38dt8jkpD#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[lafoED@D okp76cotoe;ymusYo c]t .shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,;ymtpklkfme,t-kfF c]t

,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgsnvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,;ymtpklkfme,t-kf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD &D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\j66jgrnjvo.og;]ksYoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vddkog7njvows; c]t 7;k,c8d8jk’0v’xk c]t d5h’D#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkomklu c]t c8h,I6[rk[D$D dko-j;pgsnv\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu #

27


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;xt8y[af7ela j’8k,okp76cotoesq;0= hG g7n jvows;xt8y[af7ela j’8k,okp76cotoesq;0= hG g7n jvows;xt8y[af7ela j’8k,okp76cotoesq;0= hG g7n jvows;xt8y[af7ela j’8k,okp76cotoesq;0= hG g7n jvows;xt8y[af7ela j’8k,okp76cotoe

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D xt8y[af8k,7elaj’8k,okp76cotoewfh4nd8hv’D@D 2a’7elaj’0v’okp76fh;p7;k,8A’.9D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoxt8y[af8k,7elaj’8k,okp76cotoeG oqd[yoF sjkopjk’D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvomjksafdkpt[=]yskoc0o c]t 0k Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]yskoc0o c]t 0kG mjkpqdc0o0Bogmy’sq;F ra[c0olvdg0QkxkpoY;,n

95[jkwsj c]t mjk1no0kfP;pqd0k76hg0Qkmk’sa’gvqk,ng[Nv’sa’9a[w;hD@D .shgfadohvpg8Ao0kfP;g0Qk;q’,qoD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoxt8y[af8k,7elaj’8k,okp76cotoeD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpovos’kpsa[8k;kc0ovvdF rhv,ma’9jk’0kD*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoxt8y[af8k,7elaj’8k,okp76cotoeD(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dko2a’7elaj’0v’okp76fh;p7;k,8A’.9D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoxt8y[af8k,7elaj’8k,okp76cotoeD@D 7;k,8A’.9.odko2a’7elaj’0v’okp76D

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu $


(ສວສ

)

28

dyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qosq;0=hG sjko c]t oqdcdh;sq;0=hG sjko c]t oqdcdh;sq;0=hG sjko c]t oqdcdh;sq;0=hG sjko c]t oqdcdh;sq;0=hG sjko c]t oqdcdh;I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’

grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spfF dkof6c]Iadlksjko c]t oqdcdh;wfh4nd8hv’D@D g]qjk7e7jv’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o7e7jv’wfh-afg9oD#D [vd8ec|j’gmy’F ]5j,wfh4nd8hv’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D lafxudG sjkoF oqdcdh;D{ sjkoG ]adltotG sjko,ulq[.spjgxF ,u @ 0kF ,uxudF ,u0qoF ,usk’S g7njvomujfh;pdkopjk’S muj16jvkwlG

sjkovkwl16j8k,gfujo[hkoF .o]qd s^n 7vdS vkskoG sjkodyoIeF g0QkgxnvdF sq;vksko c]t oES75oxt3spfG sjko.sh-UoF w0jgxaovksko c]t Ihv’g8nvog;]k7qo,kgInvoS dkof6c]IadlkG.shvkskoF .shmuj16jvkwlF [+me]kp c]t xyjoxq;lafg;]kg9a[gxaoD

{ oqdcdh;G ]adltotG oqdcdh;,ulq[lucf’F ,u @ 0kF ,u0qolu0P;F ,usk’S g7njvomujfh;pdko[yoS muj16jvkwlGoqdcdh;vkwl16j8k,’jkw,hF 3dow,h c]t 7vd s^n dq’S vkskoG oqdcdh;dyo\kdw,hF c,’w,h c]toES 75oxt3spfG oqdcdh;gxaolaf]hP’muj.sh7;k,l;p’k, c]t -j;pdyoc,’w,hS dkof6c]IadlkG.shvkskoF .shmuj16jvkwlF [+me]kp c]t xyjoxq;lafg;]kg9a[gxaoD

@D dkog]qjk7e7jv’ oqdcdh;F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o7e7jv’D{ 7ela[G oqdcdh;F lq[F cf’F |hkIadF [Q’F dh;pD{ xt3spdG oqdcdh;ohvp’vpgmy’’jkw,hF oqdcdh;,addyo[Q’ c]tdh;pF 0hvpxhvodh;poqdcdh;F

0hvpwfhpyooqdcdh;Ihv’D#D dko[vd8ec|j’gmy’F ]5j,D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D I6[rk[G sjko16j.o7vdF oqdcdh;’vp16j’jkw,hF 7qogdnvsjkoF sjko16j]5j,8Qow,h c]t oqdcdh;’vp

16jgmy’8Qow,hD@D [qf7e7jv’ oqdcdh; Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[lafxydmujgfadohvpg7upgsaoD@D okp76g]qjk7e7jv’F lqomtokF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,gohnv.o[qf7e7jv’D#D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F lqomtokdjP;da[]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spfF dkof6c]

Iadlksjko c]t oqdcdh;D$D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[oqdcdh;9a[16jgmy’8Qow,hF sjko16j]j5,8Qow,h c]h;[vdlyj’muj16jgmy’F 16j]5j,D&D .shgfadohvpg;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qf7e7jv’7noD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkovto5]adIadlksjko c]t oqdcdh;D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spf c]t dkof6c]Iadlksjko

c]t oqdcdh;@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkog]qjk7e7jv’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o7e7jv’D#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd8ec|j’gmy’F ]5j,D

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu ! ,N mu $

29


sq;0=hG dkoxAogxaoI6[rk[laf c]t 8Qow,hsq;0=hG dkoxAogxaoI6[rk[laf c]t 8Qow,hsq;0=hG dkoxAogxaoI6[rk[laf c]t 8Qow,hsq;0=hG dkoxAogxaoI6[rk[laf c]t 8Qow,hsq;0=hG dkoxAogxaoI6[rk[laf c]t 8Qow,h

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D xAofyogxaoI6[;q’,qoF lk,c9F 9t85]afF lujc9.sh7hkp7nD@D xtdv[I6[;q’,qoF lk,c9F 9t85]afmjuxAoc]h;gxaoI6[rk[laf c]t 8Qow,hh.sh,u7;k,7hkp7nD#D c[j’xaofyoxaho.sh\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoxAofyogxaoI6[;q’,qoF lk,c9F 9t85]afF lujc9c]h;xtdv[gxaoI6[rk[laf c]t 8Qow,hD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D glNvdaogxNvoF fyo sn cxh’le]a[xAoF czjoIv’xAoD@D -k,oEF lt[6 c]t zhkg-af,nD#D c[[I6[rk[laf c]t 8Qow,hmujxAoc]h;D$D [qf7e7jv’ oqdcdh;D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ oqdcdh; xtdv[mjkmk’D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfc[[I6[rk[laf c]t 8Qow,hF lqomtokdjP;da[lj;oxtdv[0v’laf c]t 8Qow,hD#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkoxAofyogxaoI6[;q’,qoF lk,c9F 85]afF lu jc9c]h;xtdv[

gxaoI6[rk[laf c]t 8Qow,hD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvgfadohvpD&D gfadohvpltg|uzqo’koF g;Qk7nodjP;da[dkoxtdv[I6[g]0k7toyfgxaoI6[rk[laf c]t 8Qow,hD*D lndlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoc[j’xao c]t 7;k,lk,ad7u.odkogda[,hPov5xtdvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,7hkp7n.odkoxAofyogxaoI6[;q’,qoF lk,c9F 9t85]afF lujc9D@D 7;k,7hkp7n.odkoxtdv[;q’,qoF lk,c9F 9t85]afmujxAoc]h;gxaoI6[rk[laf c]t 8Qow,hhD#D dkoc[j’xaofyoxaho.sh\6jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu $


(ສວສ

)

30


sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqdsq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqdsq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqdsq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqdsq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqd

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqdwfh4nd8hv’D@D sYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqdwfh4nd8hv’D#D vqfmqo.og;]ksYoc[[sYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqdD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D [qf7e7jv’ oqdcdh;@D [j;’F dhvosuoohvpmujltvkfF g-nvdF dv’F w,hohvple]a[0ufglAow- c]t glAog]uj,D#D ;ymusYo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’ oqdcdh; xtdv[mjkmk’D@D okp76ltg|uc[[sYo c]t lkmyf;ymusYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqdD#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqdF okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .sh gfadokpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqdD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadokpG vqfmqo]=4hkg0QksYo8k,]efa[F sYoc]h;vtokw,8uo c]t ,n.shltvkfD*D .shgfadohvpgvqk,n7Ecv;[yfwxmk’0hk’-kp c]t 0hk’0;k-hkM sa’9kdoAo xjvp.sh gfadohvps^yho8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao7k[w0joqdD#D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]ksyhoD


31


sq;0= hG gd,[;dI6[rk[lafxud9eo;o !{&sq;0= hG gd,[;dI6[rk[lafxud9eo;o !{&sq;0= hG gd,[;dI6[rk[lafxud9eo;o !{&sq;0= hG gd,[;dI6[rk[lafxud9eo;o !{&sq;0= hG gd,[;dI6[rk[lafxud9eo;o !{&

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D [;dI6[rk[lafxud9eo;o !{& wfh4nd8hv’D#D -j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ks^Yogd,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko[;dI6[rk[lafxudG oqdF wdjF sjko 9eo;o !{&

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo { dkolvolnjdkoIPo { dkolvolnjdkoIPo { dkolvolnjdkoIPo { dkolvolnjdkoIPo { dkolvo!D czjogd,rNo4kodko[;dI6[rk[dko[;dI6[rk[G oqdF wdjF sjko 9eo;o !{& Xle]a[okp76

c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,]Po]efa[I6[rk[lafoEmuj0kfskpwx8k,c[[G xkF d5h’F svpF dtx6D#D [qf7e7jv’ oqdcdh;D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’ oqdcdh;D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkos^Yogd,[;dI6[rk[lafxu9eo;o !{&D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,s^a’9kds^Yoc]h; c]t dko-j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.o

g;]ks^Yogd,D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[;dI6[rk[lafxud9eo;o !{&D#D dko-j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ks^Yogd,D



(ສວສ

)

32


sq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,g7n jv’s^Yolezafsq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,g7n jv’s^Yolezafsq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,g7n jv’s^Yolezafsq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,g7n jv’s^Yolezafsq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,g7n jv’s^Yolezaf

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosa’F fhko0hk’ c]t 9a[76jI6[rk[laf[qdda[sk’wfh4nd8hv’D#D ;k’I6[oqdcdh;16jgmy’8Qow,hF sjko16jdhv’8Qow,h8k,c[[ c]t 8+[avdgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,9yo8tokdko

1jk’,j;o-njoD$D c[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j66jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’sYoF ;ymusYo8k,,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,g7njv’sYolezaf@D dko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosa’F fhko0hk’ c]t 9a[76jI6[rk[laf[qdda[sk’D#D dko;k’I6[oqdcdh;16jgmy’8Qow,h c]t ;k’I6[sjko16jdhv’8Qow,h8k,c[[F 8+[avdgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,

9yo8tokdkoD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,gd,dkolbdlkG dtfkolP[ sn 8yfD czjogd, 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosa’F

fhko0hk’ c]t czjo9a[76jI6[rk[laf[qdda[sk’D@D ,5,g7njv’sYolezafG -5fw,h[avd sn [avdxklt8ydD c[[;k’I6[oqdcdh;16jgmy’8Qow,hF sjko16jdhv’8Qow,Fh

I6[rk[oqdcdh;F 8Qow,h c]t sjkoD#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5, c]t [qf7e7jv’ oqdcdh;D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’ oqdcdh;xtdv[mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdko@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF .shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,g7njv’sYo

lezafD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgsnvD$D .shgfadgfadg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,gd,dkolbdlkF c]t ,5,g7njv’sYolezafD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoc[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j66jgrnjvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[laf[qd8k,fhko|hkF fhkosa’F fhko0hk’ c]t 9a[76jI6[rk[

laf[qdda[sk’D#D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odko;k’I6[oqdcdh;16jgmy’8Qow,hF sjko16jdhv’8Qow,h8k,c[[ c]t 8+[avdgxaoI6[8jk’M

8k,9yo8tokdkoD$D dkoc[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j6grnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu $

33


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ oqdcdh;sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ oqdcdh;sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ oqdcdh;sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ oqdcdh;sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ oqdcdh;

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D ltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’wfh4nd8hv’D@D vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’ oqdcdh;D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D [qf7e7jv’ oqdcdh;D@D 1k’]qfD#D mjksafdkpt[=]yskoc0o c]t 8uo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]yskoc0o c]t 8uoG c0o0;k37h’wxmk’-hkpF c0o-hkp37h’wxmk’0;k

c]t mjk1+kgmQkD@D .shgfadohvp3ff]q’1k’]qfD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvppjk’-hkMwx{,k8k,lt[kp*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D@D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkD vkmyfmu ! ,NmuG &


(ສວສ

)

34


sq;0=hG ’6 c]t c0hsq;0=hG ’6 c]t c0hsq;0=hG ’6 c]t c0hsq;0=hG ’6 c]t c0hsq;0=hG ’6 c]t c0h

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spf’6 c]t c0hwfh4nd8hv’D@D g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[wfh-afg9oD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D lafg]nv7koG ’6F c0hD{ ’6G ]adltotG ’6gxaolafg]nv7ko8qo8q;xqdsh5,fh;p|a’ c]t gdafS muj16jvkwlG ’6vkwl16j.oxjk c]t

.oI6 s^n 3dow,hS vkskoG ’6dyolafS 75oxt3spfG |a’’6gIafg7njv’.-h c]t g7njv’xtfa[D{ c0hG ]adltotG c0h,u|a’ c]t gdafs5h,s+8qo8q;F xkdpk;F ,uc0h;F ,u $0kF sk’pk;S muj16jvkwlG

c0hvkwl16j.ooES vkskoG c0hdyo-UoS 75oxt3spfG |a’c0hgIafg7njv’.-h c]t g7njv’xtfa[D@D dkog;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[G{ 7ela[G ’6F c0hF 3dow,hF xjkD{ xt3spdG ’6,u|a’ c]t gdafF ’6vkwl16j.oxjkF ’6dyolafgxaovkskoF |a’’6.-hgIafdtgxqkF c0h,u$ 0kF

c0hvkwl16j.ooED

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvoI6[rk[G ’6F c0hF 3dow,hF xjkF ’616j.oxjkF c0h16j.ooEF ’6dyo0PfF dtgxqJk|a’’6F c0hdyo-YoD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[lafg]nv7komujgfadohvpI6h9adD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F lqomtokdjP;da[]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spf0v’’6 c]t

c0hD#D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[D$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[]adltotF muj16jvkwlF vkskoF 75oxt3spf0v’’6 c]t c0hD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[,u7;k,lk,ad7u c]t 7;k,]t,af]t;a’[+.sh’6dafD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd]adltotF muj16jvkwlFvkskoF 75oxt3spf0v’’6 c]t c0hD@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkog;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[D

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu !,N mu &

35


sq;0= hG mkluI6[rk[lafxudfh;plu8k,.9sq;0= hG mkluI6[rk[lafxudfh;plu8k,.9sq;0= hG mkluI6[rk[lafxudfh;plu8k,.9sq;0= hG mkluI6[rk[lafxudfh;plu8k,.9sq;0= hG mkluI6[rk[lafxudfh;plu8k,.9

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo.odkomkluI6[rk[lafxudwfh4nd8hv’D@D mkluI6[rk[lafxud.sh9q[’k, c]t 16j.o0v[D#D c[j’xaol=lu.sh\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkomkluI6[rk[lafxudfh;plu8k,.9D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D l=luw,h s^n l=lumPoD@D [qfg/ydsaf|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk X|hkmu *F(?@D [qfgr’ zaddkfF zadsq,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76rkgfadohvpIhv’gr’ zaddkfF zadsq, xtdv[mjkmk’D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[lafxudF lqomtokdjP;da[I6[Ijk’ c]t 0Ao8vodkomklyI6[rk[lafxudD#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkomkluI6[rk[lafxudD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[;ymumkluI6[rk[lafxud.shltvkf9q[’k,D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo c]t dko-j;pgs^nvg-yj’dao c]t daoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo.odkomkluI6[rk[lafxudD@D 7;k,9q[’k,.odkomkluI6[rk[lafxud[+.shvvd0v[D#D c[j’xaol=lu.sh\6jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu ! ,Nmu &


(ສວສ

)

36


sq;0=hG c[[s^Yo’6dyo0Pfsq;0=hG c[[s^Yo’6dyo0Pfsq;0=hG c[[s^Yo’6dyo0Pfsq;0=hG c[[s^Yo’6dyo0Pfsq;0=hG c[[s^Yo’6dyo0Pf

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosyhoc[[sYo’6dyo0Pfwfh4nd8hv’D@D s^Yoc[[s^Yo’6dyo0Pfwfh4nd8hv’D#D -j;pgsnvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ksYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkos^Yoc[[s^Yo ’6dyo0PfD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D [qf7e7jv’ ’6dyo0PfD@D ;ymus^Yo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpgIafmjkmk’oqd[yowx{,k8k,gfujoD@D okp76ltg|uc[[s^Yo c]t lkmyf;ymus^Yoc[[s^Yo’6dyo0PfD#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYo’6dyo0PfF okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yoc[[s%Yo’6dyo0PfD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG sYoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7u c]t c]jo-hkM]t;a’.sh8edaoD*D .shgfadohvpoa j’]q’1Pf0k-n jc]h;dQ,sq;]q’ c]t g’upsq;0Bo-hkM s^a’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfad

ohvps^Yo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYo’6dyo0PfD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkos^Yoc[[s^Yo’6dyo0PfD#D dko-j;pgsnvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ksYoD


37


sq;0= hG gd,lbdlk]kp]tvPf0v’I6[rk[lafmu j]U16 jc8j]t[jvosq;0= hG gd,lbdlk]kp]tvPf0v’I6[rk[lafmu j]U16 jc8j]t[jvosq;0= hG gd,lbdlk]kp]tvPf0v’I6[rk[lafmu j]U16 jc8j]t[jvosq;0= hG gd,lbdlk]kp]tvPf0v’I6[rk[lafmu j]U16 jc8j]t[jvosq;0= hG gd,lbdlk]kp]tvPf0v’I6[rk[lafmu j]U16 jc8j]t[jvo

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D lbdlk]kp]tvPf0v’I6[rk[]afmuj]U16jc8j]t[jvowfh4nd8hv’D#D lk,ad7u.og;]ksYogd,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=lbdlk]kp]tvPf0v’I6[rk[]afmuj]U16jc8j]t[jvoG ’6F c0hF oqdF gxafF d;k’F dt8jkpD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,lbdlk]kp]tvPf0v’I6[rk[]afmuj]U16jc8j]t[jvoG czjogd,.spjmuj,uI6[rk[G ’6F c0hF oqdF

gxafF d;k’F dt8jkpF czjogd,ohvp,uI6[rk[G ’6F c0hF oqdF gxafF d;k’F dt8jkpF c[hF ’q;F 7;kpDXle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?F

@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,rNo4kodko[;dI6[rk[G oqdF wdjF sjko 9eo;o !{&D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[lafg]nv7koD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkosYogd,lbdlk]kp]tvPf0v’I6[rk[]afmuj]U

16jc8j]t[jvoD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kdsYoc]h; c]t 7;k,lk,ad7u.og;]k sYogd,D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkolbdlk]kp]tvPf0v’I6[rk[]afmuj]U16jc8j]t[jvoD#D 7;k,lk,ad7u.og;]ksYogd,D



(ສວສ

)

38


sq;0=hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,vjko

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D mkluI6[rk[ c]txAofyowfh4nd8hv’D#D g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[ c]t vjkoI6[rk[.oxB,oymkowfh4nd8hv’D$D ,u,k]tpkf.odkovjko c]t sYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’sYoF ;ymusYo8k,,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,vjko@D dkomkluI6[c0hF xAofyogxaoI6[;q’,qoF lk,c9F 9t85]afF lujc9xtdv[gxaoI6[38laf c]t 8Qow,hD#D la’gdfc]t g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[G ’6,u|a’ c]t gdafF ’6vkwl16j.oxjkF ’6dyolafgxaovkskoF

|a’’6.-hgIafdtgxqJkF c0h ,u $ 0kF c0hvkwl 16j.ooEF c0hdyo-Uogxaovksko c]t vjko8k,I6[rk[.oxB,oymkog]njv’xkohvp0UfND

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoG fyole]a[xAoF zhkIv’xAoF -k,oEF lt[6F zhkg-af,nS g9hpI6[rk[c0Fh l=luw,h s^n

l=lumPoD@D ,5,vjkoG dtfkolP[ s^n 8yfF I6[rk[ ’6F ’616j.oxjkF ’6dyo0PfF dtgxqJkgIaffh;p|a’’6F c0h,u $ 0kF

c0h16j.ooEF c0hdyo-UoF xB,oymkog]njv’xkohvp0UfND#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[lafg]nv7koD@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF.shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,vjko#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgsnvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,vjkoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dko,u,k]tpkf.odkovjko c]t sYoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymu sYo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkomklu c]t xAofyoxtdv[gxaoI6[38lafD#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkog;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[ c]t vjkoI6[rk[.oxB,oymkoD$D dko,u,k]tpkf.odkovjko c]t sYoD


39

95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu @95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu @95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu @95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu @95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu @


!D xt8y[af7elaj’8k,okp76cotoewfh4nd8hv’D@D ltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,9yo8tokdko1jk’,j;o-njoD#D ltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfwfh4nd8hv’D$D ltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[wfh4nd8hv’D& xvfwr.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D*D 2a’7elaj’0v’okp76fh;p7;k,8A’.9D(D g;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD


!D [vdlj;oxtdv[F 75oxt3spfF dko[q;]t[afIadlkzadsq,F zaddkfF fvd9exkF fvdfk;gInv’Ffvd76oF 8Qolk]u c]t 8Qo4qj;wfh4nd8hv’D

@D Ihv’gr’fh;p7;k,,j;o-njoD#D [vdlufvd9exkF fvdfk;gInv’F fvd76wfh4nd8hv’D$D g]qjk7e7jv’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,7e7jv’F [qfgr’F [qfoymkoF I6[rk[F wfh-afg9oD&D xqdxadIadlkrnf c]t vkdkfD*D [vdzqodkoxP[mP[9eo;omujs^kpd;jk[+gduo !& wfh4nd8hv’D(D [vd7;k,c8d8jk’]e8QoF fvd c]t \kd0v’rnfwfh4nd8hv’D)D vjkovvlP’7emujxtlq,da[lts^t V6 wfh-afg9oD_D [vdvkdkf c]t 75oxt3spf0v’vkdkfwfh4nd8hv’D


(ສວສ

)

40


!D mkluI6[rk[rnf.sh.[ c]t mkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdF fvdw,h.sh9q[’k, c]t 16j.o0v[D@D g/ydxtlkflerao]ts;jk’,nda[8k.odkomkluI6[rnf.sh.[ c]t mkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdD#D c[j’xaol=luF g7njv’.-h c]t -j;pgsnv\6jgrnjvoD$D c8h,I6[fvdw,h8k,Ivp9E.sh4nd8hv’D&D la’gdflts^t V6 muj,u16j.o7ela[D*D 0uf0Polts^t V6 .o7ela[wfh4nd8hv’D(D ,u7;k,vqfmqo.odko0Polts^t V6 .o7ela[.shleg]afD)D [vd0Ao8vodkoc8h,I6[rk[x6,gxQk8k,c[[wfh4nd8hv’D_D c8h,I6[rk[x6,gxQk8k,c[[.sh7hkp7nD

dyf9td=kdkos^Yodk’c9h’dyf9td=kdkos^Yodk’c9h’dyf9td=kdkos^Yodk’c9h’dyf9td=kdkos^Yodk’c9h’dyf9td=kdkos^Yodk’c9h’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG

!D dko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dk8ydkdkosyhoc[[sYo]u’pkf8Qow,hF sYoIjkpoE.ljcdh; c]t xAo-kpgxaoI6[8jk’MF sYoc[[syhoc0j’0aolqj’xB,oymkoF sYoc[[sYo8aj’;yglf c]t sYoc[[sYo xhv’dao8q;gv’D

@D syhoc[[sYo]u’pkf8Qow,hF sYoIjkpoE.ljcdh; c]t xAo-kpgxaoI6[8jk’MF sYoc[[syho c0j’0aolqj’xB,oymkoF sYoc[[sYo8aj’;yglf c]t sYoc[[sYoxhv’dao8q;gv’wfh4nd8hv’D

#D vqfmqo.og;]ksyhoc[[sYoD$D xvfwr.og;]ksYoc[[sYoD&D ,u,k]tpkfmujfu.og;]ksyhoD*DDDDD -j;pgsnvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ksYoD(D g[ud[ko,j;o-nnjo.og;]ksYoD

41


!D [vd-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t 8q;g]dmuj,u16j.ogd,D@D 8+I6[rk[3f,u3oF fvdw,hS I6[rk[vkdkfvhv,8q;gIqkwfh4nd8hv’D#D 9af\;f\6jfvdw,h8k,luwfh4nd8hv’D$D 9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&G 9a[76jI6[rk[8Qow,hda[.[wfh4nd8hv’D&D c[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD*D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]ksYogd,D


!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 0Po7ela[muj,ults^t V5 F c8h, c]t mkluI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,c[[F 0Polts^tV6 .o7ela[G f6dF

l6oF 96’F [6fF I6[F 96,F c8h,I6[rk[x6,gxQk8k,c[[wfh4nd8hv’D#D g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[ c]t vjko7ela[muj,ults^t V5 V6F vjko7ela[muj,ults^t V5

c]h;[vdlP’rtpao-tot8Qoc]t mkluI6[rk[fvdw,hF mkluI6[rk[zad[Q’F vjko8k,I6[rk[xB,oymkog]njv’ c,’dtg[Nv-q,fvdw,hwfh1jk’-afg9oD

$D sYogxaoc,j]hP’x5’c8j’vkskoF gxao-k;l;ox6dzad c]t sqfoEzadF gxaor+7hkF c,j7hkF ]6d7hk-N0kpfvdw,h c]t \kdw,hF gxaol;ol;ox6dzadF fvdw,h c]t \kdw,hF mqf]v’gxqjkx6,gxQkF[vd7;k,c8d8jk’0v’]e8QornfF fvdrnf c]t \kdrnf1jk’,j;o-njoD

&D mqf]v’dhkcdjozaddkf s^nzadsq,F [vd7;k,c8d8jk’0v’zaddkf c]t zadsq,F mqf]v’dhkcdjolk]uF la’gdfdko9tg]uog8u[380v’zaddkf sn zadsq,wfh4nd8hv’D

*D gda[,hPog7njv’.sh4nd[jvomujdeoqfw;hD(D g;Qk7emujl5rk[8+da[\6jgrnjvo.og;]ksYoD)D c[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\6jgrnjvo.og;]ksYoD_D ,u,k]tpkf.odkovjko c]t sYoD!WD -j;pgsnv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ksYoD


(ສວສ

)

42


sq;0= hG sq;0= hG sq;0= hG sq;0= hG sq;0= hG g7n jvows;xt8y[af0= h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoeg7n jvows;xt8y[af0= h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoeg7n jvows;xt8y[af0= h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoeg7n jvows;xt8y[af0= h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoeg7n jvows;xt8y[af0= h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoe

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D xt8y[af0=h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoewfh4nd8hv’D@D xvfwr.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoxt8y[af0=h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoeG c0hovovhkxkdF ’6]vpoED

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvomjksafdkpt[=]ysko0k c]t cv; Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko0k c]t cv;G mjk1no0kfP;pqd0k0Bomk’|hkgvqk,nma’lv’

g[Nv’9a[w;h c]t mjks’jP’cv;wxmk’-hkp{0;kD@D .shgfadohvpg8Ao0kfP;wx\hk c]t sa’8k,lP’g7ktD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoxt8y[af0=h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoeD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvppjk’-hkMwx{,kgIafmjkmk’gda[0Ugspnjv*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoxt8y[af0=h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoeD(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,xvfwr.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoxt8y[af0=h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoeD@D 7;k,xvfwr.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu !

43


sq;0=hG rnf.sh.[sq;0=hG rnf.sh.[sq;0=hG rnf.sh.[sq;0=hG rnf.sh.[sq;0=hG rnf.sh.[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vdlj;oxtdv[F 75oxt3spf c]t dko[q;]t[afIadlkzadsq, c]t zaddkfwfh4nd8hv’D@D Ihv’gr’fh;p7;k,,j;o-njoD#D g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’wfh-afg9oD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D rnf.sh.[G zadsq, c]t zaddkf{ zadsq,G ,uIkdcdh;F Ikd/vpF ]e8QoF .[lh;pF fvd c]t \kdD{ zaddkfG ,uIkdcdh;F Ikd/vpF ]e8QoF .[pk;F fvd c]t \kdD{ 75oxt3spf0v’zadsq, c]t zaddkfG .-hgxaovkskomuj,u;y8k,yo8+Ijk’dkpD{ dko[q;]t[afG x6dF sqfoEF .lj/5jor;ofyoF [+gfaf.[ c]t [+me]kpD@D dkoIhv’gr’ zaddkfF zadsq,F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’D{ 7ela[G zaddkfF zadsq,F Ikd/vpF Ikdcdh;F ]e8QoF fvdF .[D{ xt3spdG zadsq,,u]e8Qo c]t .[F zaddkf,uIkdcdh; c]t Ikd/vpF r;ds^koohvp,adcd’zadF

0Q;zaddyoc-[s^kpD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D zadsq,F zaddkfD@D [qfgr’ zadsq, zaddkf Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[zadmujgfadohvpg7updyoD@D okp76rkgfadohvpIhv’gr’F lqomtokF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’D#D .shgfadohvpla’gdf8Qozadsq,F zaddkfS lqomtokdjP;da[lj;oxtdv[F 75oxt3spf c]t

dko[q;]t[afIadlkzadsq, c]t zaddkfD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nolj;oxtdv[F 75oxt3spf c]t dko[q;]t[afIadlkzadsq, c]t zaddkfD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkof6c]Iadlkrnf c]t dkodyozadD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vdlj;oxtdv[F 75oxt3spf c]t dko[q;]t[afIadlkzadsq, c]t zaddkf@D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odkoIhv’gr’D#D 7;k,-afg9o.odkog;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’D

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu !


(ສວສ

)

44


sq;0=hG mkluI6[rk[rnf.sh.[fh;plu8k,.9sq;0=hG mkluI6[rk[rnf.sh.[fh;plu8k,.9sq;0=hG mkluI6[rk[rnf.sh.[fh;plu8k,.9sq;0=hG mkluI6[rk[rnf.sh.[fh;plu8k,.9sq;0=hG mkluI6[rk[rnf.sh.[fh;plu8k,.9

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D mkluI6[rk[rnf.sh.[.sh9q[’k, c]t 16j.o0v[D@D g/ydxtlkflerao]ts;jk’,nda[8k.odkomkluI6[rnf.sh.[D#D c[j’xaol=lu.sh\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkomkluI6[rnf.sh.[fh;plu8k,.9

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D l=luw,h s^n l=lumPoD@D xB,[qfg/ydsaf|j;pluj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vD [D#D#D [qfgr’ zaddkfF zadsq,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76rkgfadohvpIhv’gr’ zaddkfF zadsq, xtdv[mjkmk’D@D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[lj;oxtdv[ c]t 0Ao8vodkomkluI6[rk[rnf.sh.[D#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkomkluI6[rk[rnf.sh.[D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD rnf.sh.[&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[0Ao8vodkomkluI6[rk[rnf.sh.[D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo.odkomkluI6[rk[ c]t dkoc[j’xaog7njv’.-h.sh

\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,9q[’k,.odkomkluI6[rk[rnf.sh.[[+.shvvd9kd0v[D@D 7;k,7jv’c7h;.odko9a[l=lumkluI6[rnfrnf.sh.[D#D dkoc[j’xaol=lu.sh\6jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu !

45

dyf9tdedkos^Yodk’c9h’dyf9tdedkos^Yodk’c9h’dyf9tdedkos^Yodk’c9h’dyf9tdedkos^Yodk’c9h’dyf9tdedkos^Yodk’c9h’

sq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao]u’pkf8Qow,hsq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao]u’pkf8Qow,hsq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao]u’pkf8Qow,hsq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao]u’pkf8Qow,hsq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao]u’pkf8Qow,h

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosyhoc[[sYo]u’pkf8Qow,hwfh4nd8hv’D@D s^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0ao]u’pkf8Qow,hwfh4nd8hv’D#D xvfwr.og;]ks^yhoc[[s^YoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0ao]y’pkf8Qow,hD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D gr’ zaddkfF zadsq,D@D 8Qow,hohvpF g-nvdF w,hohvple]a[0uf;q’,qo c]t dtc-adD#D ;ymus^Yo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ zaddkfF zadsq, c]t gIafmjkmk’xtdv[D@D okp76ltg|uc[[sYo c]t lkmyf;ymusYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao]y’pkf8Qow,hD#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao]y’pkf8Qow,hF okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0ao]y’pkf8Qow,hD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG c]jo8hv’]t,af]t;a’F [+.shp6hsa’daoF sYoc]h;vtokw,,n c]t 8uo.shltvkfD*D .shgfadohvpoaj’lt,tmu sa’9kdoAo xjvp.shgfadohvps^Yo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0ao]u’pkf8Qow,hD#D 7;k,xvfwr.og;]ks^yhoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Numu !


(ສວສ

)

46


sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[8Qow,hda[.[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[8Qow,hda[.[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[8Qow,hda[.[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[8Qow,hda[.[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[8Qow,hda[.[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u1j6.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D 9a[76jI6[rk[8Qow,hda[.[wfh4nd8hv’D#D c[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko9a[76jI6[rk[8Qow,hda[.[G 8Qodh;pF 8Qo8koF 8Qo\kd,j;’F 8QovhvpF 8Qo\kdrhk;F 8Qo3rD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,9a[76jI6[rk[8Qow,hda[.[G 8Qodh;pF 8Qo8koF 8Qo\kd,j;’F 8QovhvpF 8Qo\kdrhk;F 8Qo3rD

Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,lbdlk]kp]tvPf0v’I6[rk[lafmuj]U16jc8j]t[jvoG czjogd,.spjI6[rk[’6F c0hF

oqdF gxafF d;k’F dt8jkpF czjogd,ohvp,uI6[rk[G ’6F c0hF oqdF gxafD d;k’F dt8jkpF c[hF ’q;F7;kp

#D [qfgr’ zaddkfF zadsq,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ zaddkfF zadsq,D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkos^Yogd,9a[76jI6[rk[8Qow,hda[.[D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kds^Yoc]h; c]t dkoc[j’xaoD

VD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqoD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqoD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqoD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqoD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jI6[rk[8Qow,hda[.[D#D dkoc[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu !

47


sq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fF ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfsq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fF ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfsq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fF ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfsq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fF ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfsq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fF ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kf

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D sYogxaoc,j]hP’ c]t -k;l;o1jk’,j;o-njoD#D mqf]v’dhkcdjozaddkf sn zadsq,F [vd7;k,c8d8jk’0v’zaddkf c]t zadsq,wfh4nd8hv’D$D gda[,hPog7njv’sYow;h4nd[jvomujdeoqfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’s^YoF ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfD@D lq,,5fgxaoc,j]hP’oezad,kx5’c8j’vkskoD gxao-k;l;ox6dzad c]t sqfoEzadD#D la’gdf c]t mqf]v’dhkcdjozaddkf sn zadsq,F [vd7;k,c8d8jk’0v’zaddkf c]t zadsq,D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fG g7njv’.-hshv’7q; sn g7njv’.-h9e]v’F zad sn zad9e]v’F g7njv’,n-k;l;o c]t

l;ozad9e]v’D@D ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfG fyole]a[x6dF 34F dt3xt s^n dtxJv’F cdjozaddkf s^n zad sq,D

glNvdaogxNvoF -k,oEF lt[6F zhkg-af,nD 8Qozaddkf c]t 8Qozadsq,D#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5, c]t [qfgr’ zadsq,zaddkfD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ zadsq,zaddkfD@D okp76cotoe;ymusY^oF .shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0Qks^Yo8k,,5,[qf[kflq,,5fF ,5, ;ymtpk

lkf me,t-kfD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgsnvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,[qf[kflq,,5fF ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPog7njv’sYow;h4nd[jvomujdeoqfD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odkosYogxaoc,j]hP’ c]t -k;l;oD#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkomqf]v’dhkcdjozaddkf sn zadsq,F [vd7;k,c8d8jk’ 0v’zaddkf c]t zadsq,D$D dkogda[,hPog7njv’sYow;h4nd[jvomujdeoqfD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu !


(ສວສ

)

48


sq;0=hG g7n jvows;gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,9yo8tokdkosq;0=hG g7n jvows;gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,9yo8tokdkosq;0=hG g7n jvows;gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,9yo8tokdkosq;0=hG g7n jvows;gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,9yo8tokdkosq;0=hG g7n jvows;gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,9yo8tokdko

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D ltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,9yo8tokdko1jk’,j;o-njoD@D g;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,9yo8tokdkoG x6dzadF .lj/5joF sqfoED

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvomjksafdkpt[=]ysko]e8q; c]t 0k Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko]e8q; c]t 0kG de,ng0QkF c[,nvvdF mjk31t0k]q’D@D .shgfadohvpc]jog8t0kwxmk’\hkD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,9yo8tokdkoD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvD*D .shgfadohvppjk’cd;j’c0owx{,k-hkMDD .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,9yo8tokdkoD)D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,9yo8tokdkoD@D dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu @

49

dyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qosq;0=hG rnf.shfvdsq;0=hG rnf.shfvdsq;0=hG rnf.shfvdsq;0=hG rnf.shfvdsq;0=hG rnf.shfvdI. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’

grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd]adltotF luF 75oxt3spf c]t dko[q;]t[afIadlkfvd9exkF fvdfk;gInv’ c]t

fvd76owfh4nd8hv’D@D 2a’oymkoF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfoymkowfh-afg9oD#D xqdxadIadlk8Qofvdw,hD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D rnf.shfvdG fvd9exkF fvdfk;gInv’F fvd76oD{ fvd9exkG gxaofvdmuj,ulu0k;F lucf’F lugs^nv’ c]t fvd,u]adltotgxaorQ;S fvdfk;gInv’G

gxaofvdmuj,ulugsnv’ c]t gxaofvdfjP;S fvd76oG gxaofvdmuj,ulugsnv’ c]t fvd,u]adltotgxaorQ;D{ 75oxt3spfG gvqkw;h[6-kF xtfa[xtfk c]t .sh7;k,l;p’k,F fvd9exkpa’gxaofvdw,h xt9e-kf

]k;gIqkS dko[q;]t[afIadlkG x6dF sqfoEF r;ofyoF [+gfaf c]t [+me]kpD@D dko2a’oymkog]njv’ c,’dtg[Nv-q,fvdw,hF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfoymkoD{ 7ela[G fvd76oF fvdfk;gInv’F fvd9exkF c,’dtg[NvF oEs;koF gdlvoF I6[;q’,qoF lugs^nv’F

dyjoF sv,D{ xt3spdG /5’c,’dtg[Nv[yo8v,fvdw,hF fvd9exk[kog8a,8QoF fvd9exk,udu[fvdshkdu[F fvd76o

gxaorQ;[kolugsnv’g8a,8QoF fvdfk;gInv’[k’fvd,ulugsnv’cdjF fvdw,h.sh7;k,l;p’k,DIIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo

!D fvd9exkF fvdfk;gInv’F fvd76oD@D [qfoymkog]njv’ c,’dtg[Nv-q,fvdw,h Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[fvdw,hmujgfadohvpg7upgsaoD@D okp76g]qjkoymkoF lqomtoklqomtokF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfoymkoD#D .shgfadohvpla’gdffvdw,hF lqomtokdjP;da[]adltotF luF 75oxt3spf c]t dko[q;]t[afIadlk

fvd9exkF fvdfk;gInv’ c]t fvd76oD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7no75oxt3spf0v’fvdw,h c]t g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfoymko7noD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,f5\ajo c]t dkoxqdxadIadlk8Qofvdw,hD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd]adltotF luF 75oxt3spf c]t dko[q;]t[afIadlkfvd9exkF

fvdfk;gInv’ c]t fvd76oD@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkog;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfoymkoD#D dkoxqdxadIadlk8Qofvdw,hD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu @


(ສວສ

)

50


sq;0=hG c8h, c]t mkluI6[fvdw,h8k,Ivp9Esq;0=hG c8h, c]t mkluI6[fvdw,h8k,Ivp9Esq;0=hG c8h, c]t mkluI6[fvdw,h8k,Ivp9Esq;0=hG c8h, c]t mkluI6[fvdw,h8k,Ivp9Esq;0=hG c8h, c]t mkluI6[fvdw,h8k,Ivp9E

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D c8h,I6[fvdw,h8k,Ivp9E.sh4nd8hv’D@D mkluI6[rk[fvdw,h.shltvkf9q[’k,D#D -j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoc8h, c]t mkluI6[fvdw,h8k,Ivp9ED

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D l=feF l=luw,h s^n l=lumPo@D g9hpI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,Ivp9E c]t g9hpI6[rk[fvdw,hmujmkluc]h;D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpde,ng0QkF c[,nvvd c]t lajo,nD@D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[-njfvdw,hF 0Ao8vodkoc8h, c]t mkluI6[fvdw,hD#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkoc8h,F mkluI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,Ivp9ED$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[0Ao8vodkoc8h, c]t mkluI6[fvdw,hD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo.odkomkluI6[rk[ c]t dkoc[j’xaog7njv’.-h.sh

\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoc8h,I6[rk[fvdw,h8k,Ivp9ED@D 7;k,ltvkf9q[’k,.odkomkluI6[rk[fvdw,hD#D dko-j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu @

51


sq;0=h G s^YoIjkpoE.ljcdh;sq;0=h G s^YoIjkpoE.ljcdh;sq;0=h G s^YoIjkpoE.ljcdh;sq;0=h G s^YoIjkpoE.ljcdh;sq;0=h G s^YoIjkpoE.ljcdh;

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoIjkpoE.ljcdh;wfh4nd8hv’D@D g/yddhk,-Uo,n.sh,u7;k,c0’cI’D#D ,u,k]tpkfmujfu.og;]ksYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYoIjkpoE.ljcdh;D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D 9;kpF cdh;F 75oED@D ;ymusYo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpgIafmjkmk’pjk’sqfl;ofvdw,hD@D okp76ltg|uc[[sYo c]t lkmyf;ymusYooE sYoIjkpoE.ljcdh;D#D .shgfadohvpsYooE sYoIjkpoE.ljcdh; okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYooE sYoIjkpoE.ljcdh;D&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG sYoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7u]t;a’[+.shfyog0Qk8kF sYoc]h; vtokw,8uoF

,n.shltvkf c]t gda[,hPov5xtdvoD*D .shgfadohvpgIafmjkmk’oqd[yo-hkMsa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvpsyho8k,.9D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,c0’cI’0v’dhk,-Uo,n.odkoIjkpoE.ljcdh;D#D ,k]tpkfmujfu.og;]ksYo

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Numu @


(ສວສ

)

52


sq;0= hG gd,9af\;f\6jI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,lusq;0= hG gd,9af\;f\6jI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,lusq;0= hG gd,9af\;f\6jI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,lusq;0= hG gd,9af\;f\6jI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,lusq;0= hG gd,9af\;f\6jI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,lu

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D 9af\;f\6jI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,luwfh4nd8hv’D#D vqfmqo.og;]ksYogd,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko9af\;f\6jI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,luG fvd9exkF fvdfk;gInv’F fvd76o c8j]t1jk’,ulucf’F gsnv’F

oE\kddhP’D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,9af\;f\6jI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,luG fvd9exkF fvdfk;gInv’F fvd76o c8j]t1jk’ ,ulucf’F

gsnv’F oE\kddhP’ Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9a[76jI6[rk[8Qow,hda[.[D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[rnf.shfvdD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkosYogd,9af\;f\6jI6[rk[D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kdsYoc]h; c]t 7;k,vqfmqoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9af\;f\6jI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,xtgrfD#D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]ksYogd,D

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu @

53


sq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D vjko sn g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[ c]t vjko7ela[muj,ults^t V5 V6 wfh4nd8hv’D#D c8h, c]t mkluI6[1jk’,j;o-njoD$D g;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’sYoF ;ymusYo8k,,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao@D g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[G /6’c,’dtg[Nv8v,fvdw,hF fvd9exk[kog8a,8QoF fvd9exk,udu[

fvdshkdu[F fvd76ogxaorQ;[kolugsnv’g8a,8QoF fvdfk;gInv’[k’fvd,ulugsnv’cdjD fvdw,h.sh7;k,l;p’k, c]t vjkovvdlP’7ela[muj,ultst V5 V6G v5 v6D

$D c8h, c]t mkluI6[fvdw,hF mkluI6[zad[Q’D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,vjkoG dtfkolP[ s^n 8yfF I6[rk[G fvd9=kxkF fvdfk;gInv’F fvd76oF xB,oymkog]njv’G

c,’dtg[Nv-q,fvdw,hD [af7ela[6G v5 v6D@D ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoG l=feF l=luw,h s^n lumPoF g9hpIvp9EI6[rk[fvdw,hF g9hpI6[rk[zad[Q’D#D [aflaopt]adg0Qks^Yo8k,,5,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[rnf.shfvdD@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF.shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgs^nvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yo8k,,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\j6grnjvo.og;]ks^YoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkovjko sn g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[ c]t vjkovvdlP’7ela[muj,ultst V5 V6D#D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odkoc8h, c]t mkluI6[D$D dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu @G ,Nmu @


(ສວສ

)

54


sq;0= hGsq;0= hGsq;0= hGsq;0= hGsq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[ g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[ g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[ g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[ g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D ltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[wfh4nd8hv’D@D xvfwr.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[GGGGG{ pqdI6[rk[fvd9exk ltcf’mjkmk’gvqkfvdw,h[6-kD{ pqdI6[rk[fvdfk;gInv’ ltcf’mjkmk’ c,’dtg[Nv[yo8v,fvdw,hD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D I6[rk[G fvd9exkF fvdfk;gInv’D@D 1k’]qfD#D mjksafdkpt[=]ysko,n c]t cv; Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko,n c]t cv;G lajo7+,n c]t mjk\6ocv;wxvhv,Iv[D@D .shgfadohvp3ff]q’1k’]qfD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvp1nogvqk,ndvfgvyds^a[8kskp.9g0Qk{vvdD*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopko pqdI6[rk[D(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,xvfwr.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[D@D 7;k,xvfwr.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

|jj;p[hko0v’0hvp vkmyfmu @ ,NmuG #

55


sq;0=hG sq;0=hG sq;0=hG sq;0=hG sq;0=hG rnf.sh\kdrnf.sh\kdrnf.sh\kdrnf.sh\kdrnf.sh\kd

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vdlj;oxtdv[F 75oxt3spfF dko[q;]t[afIadlk8Qolk]u c]t 8Qo4qj;wfh4nd8hv’D@D g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[wfh-afg9oD#D [vdzqodkoxP[mP[9eo;omujs^kpd;jk[+gduo !& wfh4nd8hv’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D rnf.sh\kdG lk]uF \kd4qj;D{ lk]uG ,uIkd/vpF ]e8Qogxaoxhv’F .[pk;F fvdgxaorQ; c]t \kdgxaoI;’D{ \kd4qj;G ,uIkdcdh;F Ikd/vpF ]e8Qogxaog7nvF .[lh;pF fvdgxaorQ; c]t \kdpk; X/ad?D{ 75oxt3spfG gxaovkskoD{ dko[q;]t[afG x6dF sqfoEF r;ofyoF [+gfaf c]t [+me]kpD@D dkog;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[G 8Qolk]u.[pk;F \kdlk]u/adpk;F g7nv\kd4qj;pk;

0P;’k,F fvd\kd4qj;lu0k;F \kd4qj;/adpk;lu0P;D#D dkoxP[mP[9eo;omujs^kpd;jk[+gduo !&D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D 8Qolk]uF 8Qo\kd4qj;D@D I6[rk[G \kdlk]u !{!&F 8Qolk]uF g7nv\kd4qj;F fvd\kd4qj;F /ad\kd4qj;D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[zad c]t \kdw,hmujgfadohvpg7updyoD@D okp76.shgfadohvpla’gdf8Qolk]uF 8Qo\kd4qj;S lqomtokdjP;da[lj;oxtdv[F 75oxt3spfF

dko[q;]t[afIadlk8Qolk]u c]t 8Qo\kd4qj;D#D okp76rkgfadohvpg;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[D$D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[\kdlk]uF xP[mP[9eo;omujs^kpd;jk[+gduo !&D&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7bolj;oxtdv[F 75oxt3spfF dko[q;]t[afIadlk8Qolk]u c]t 8Qo4qj;D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,lk,ad7u c]t dko[q;]t[afIadlk8Qolk]u c]t 8Qo4qj;D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vdlj;oxtdv[F 75oxt3spfF dko[q;]t[afIadlk8Qolk]u c]t 8Qo4qj;D@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkog;Qkgxaoxt3spd 8k,I6[rk[D#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vdzqodkoxP[mP[9eo;omujs^kpd;jk[+gduo!&D

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu #


(ສວສ

)

56


sq;0=hG 0uf0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[sq;0=hG 0uf0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[sq;0=hG 0uf0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[sq;0=hG 0uf0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[sq;0=hG 0uf0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vdmyfmk’ c]t 0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[D@D 0uf0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[wfh4nd8hv’D#D vqfmqo.odko0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[.shleg]afD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko0uf0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[G dy [y xy ly my 9y oy 8yD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D l=fe s^n l=luw,hF 1k’]n[D@D xN,[qfg/ydsafrklk]k; gsA, @ X|hk (? sn g9hp0uf0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[G dy [y xy ly my 9y oy 8yD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76.shgfadohvpgIafmjkmk’0Po|a’lngmy’dk’sk;D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdf7ela[muj,ults^t Vy c]h;vjko7ela[D#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodko0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[;ymu0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo.odko0Po c]t dkoc[j’xaog7njv’.-h.sh\6jgrnjvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vdmyfmk’ c]t 0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko0uf0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[D#D 7;k,vqfmqo.odko0Polts^t Vy 8k,7ela[.shleg]afD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu #

57


sq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aolq j’xB,oymkosq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aolq j’xB,oymkosq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aolq j’xB,oymkosq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aolq j’xB,oymkosq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aolq j’xB,oymko

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[syhoc0j’0aolqj’xB,oymkoD@D sYoc[[sYoc0j’0aolqj’xB,oymkowfh4nd8hv’D#D -j;pgsnvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ksYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0aolqj’xB,oymkoD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D xN,oymko c]t dv’@D ;ymusYo Xg[yj’xN,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvp\6og0qjkF [yfcv; c]t p+kgmQkda[muj8k,lP’8q[dv’D@D okp76ltg|u c[[sYo c]t lkmyf;ymusYoc[[sYoc0j’0aolqj’xB,oymkoD#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYoc0j’0aolqj’xB,oymkoF okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0aolqj’xB,oymkoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG sYoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7uF vqfmqo]=4hksYo8k,]=kfa[F sYoc]h;vtokw,,nF

8uo.shltvkf c]t gda[,hPov5xtdvo-j;pdaoD*D .shgfadohvpgIafmjkmk’]q,raf-hkM sa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvpsYo8k,.9D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0aolqj’xB,oymkoD#D dko-j;pgsnvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ksYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Numu #


(ສວສ

)

58


sq;0= hG gd,9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&sq;0= hG gd,9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&sq;0= hG gd,9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&sq;0= hG gd,9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&sq;0= hG gd,9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t 8q;g]dmuj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D 9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!& wfh4nd8hv’D#D vqfmqo.og;]ksYogd,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&G \kdlk]u ! \kd da[8q;g]d !F \kdlk]u @ \kd

da[8q;g]d @F \kdlk]u # \kd da[8q;g]d #F \kdlk]u $ \kd da[8q;g]d $F \kdlk]u & \kdda[8q;g]d &F \kdlk]u * \kd da[8q;g]d *F \kdlk]u ( \kd da[8q;g]d (F \kdlk]u ) \kdda[8q;g]d )F \kdlk]u _ \kd da[8q;g]d _F \kdlk]u !W \kd da[8q;g]d !WF \kdlk]u !! \kdda[8q;g]d !!F \kdlk]u !@ \kd da[8q;g]d !@F \kdlk]u !# \kd da[8q;g]d !#F \kdlk]u !$\kd da[8q;g]d !$F \kdlk]u !& \kd da[8q;g]d !&D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&G \kdlk]u ! \kd da[8q;g]d !F \kdlk]u @

\kd da[8q;g]d @F \kdlk]u # \kd da[8q;g]d #F \kdlk]u $ \kd da[8q;g]d $F \kdlk]u &\kd da[8q;g]d &F \kdlk]u * \kd da[8q;g]d *F \kdlk]u ( \kd da[8q;g]d (F \kdlk]u )\kd da[8q;g]d )F \kdlk]u _ \kd da[8q;g]d _F \kdlk]u !W \kd da[8q;g]d !WF \kdlk]u!! \kd da[8q;g]d !!F \kdlk]u !@ \kd da[8q;g]d !@F \kdlk]u !# \kd da[8q;g]d !#F\kdlk]u !$ \kd da[8q;g]d !$F \kdlk]u !& \kd da[8q;g]d !&D Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D

@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9af\;f\6jI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,luDIVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo

!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[75oxt3spf c]t dko[q;]t[afIadlk8Qo\kdlk]uD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t 8q;g]dmuj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F 8q;g]d c]t dkosYogd,9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kdsYoc]h; c]t 7;k,vqfmqoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t 8q;g]dmuj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&D#D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]ksYogd,D

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu #

59


sq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D mqf]v’dhkcdjo\kdlk]u c]t la’gdfdkog8u[.spj0v’zaddkf sn zadsq,wfh4nd8hv’D#D 0Po7ela[muj,ults^t V5F c8h, c]t mkluI6[rk[wfh4nd8hv’D$D c[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j66jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’s^YoF ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao@D dkola’gdf c]t mqf]v’dhkcdjo\kdlk]u c]t la’gdfdkog8u[.spj0v’zaddkf sn zadsq,D#D dkola’gdf c]t 0Po7ela[muj,ults^t V5G dk’,5h’F 3,’x5dF p5’]kpF dt[5’F o5j’glNvF d5h’ok

c]t c8h, c]t mkluI6[fvdw,h8k,c[[D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfG fyole]a[x6dF 34F dt3xt s^n dtxJv’F cdjo\kdlk]uD

8Qozaddkf sn zadsq,mujdhk.o,NdjvoD glNvdaogxNvoF -k,oE]hk’,nF lt[6 c]t zhkg-af,nD@D ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoG g9hp0k;F l=feF l=luw,h sn lumPoF g9hpc[[I6[rk[fvdw,hF dk’,5h’F 3,’x5dF

p5’]kpF dt[5’F o5j’glNvF d5h’okD#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[rnf.sh\kdlk]uF \kd4qj;D@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF.shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF

,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgsnvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,;ymtpklkfme,t-kf c]t ly]txtlhk’lao&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoc[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j66jgrnjvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkomqf]v’dhkcdjo\kdlk]u c]t la’gdfdkog8u[.spj0v’zaddkf sn zadsq,D#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko0Po7ela[muj,ults^t V5F c8h, c]t mkluI6[rk[fvdw,h8k,c[[$D dkoc[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j66jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu @,Nmu #


(ສວສ

)

60


sq;0= hGsq;0= hGsq;0= hGsq;0= hGsq;0= hG g7n jvows;xt8y[af7ela j’8k,okp76cotoe g7n jvows;xt8y[af7ela j’8k,okp76cotoe g7n jvows;xt8y[af7ela j’8k,okp76cotoe g7n jvows;xt8y[af7ela j’8k,okp76cotoe g7n jvows;xt8y[af7ela j’8k,okp76cotoe

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D xt8y[af7elaj’8k,okp76cotoewfh4nd8hv’D@D 2a’7elaj’0v’okp76fh;p7;k,8A’.9D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoxt8y[af7elaj’8k,okp76cotoeG x6dlk]uF r;ofyoF .lj/5joF sqfoED

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvomjksafdkpt[=]ysko0k c]t ]e7= Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko0k c]t ]e7=G \6o]e7= c]t mjk1no0kfP;pqd0k0Bomk’|hk

gvqk,nma’lv’g[Nv’9a[w;hD@D .shgfadohvppjk’IPoc[[pjk’,hkD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoxt8y[af7elaj’8k,okp76cotoeD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpoaj’0aflt\kfsa[8klt,kmyD*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoxt8y[af7elaj’8k,okp76cotoeD(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dko2a’7elaj’0v’okp76fh;p7;k,8A’.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoxt8y[af7elaj’8k,okp76cotoeD@D 7;k,8A’.9.odko2a’7elaj’0v’okp76D

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu $

61


sq;0= hG 7;k,c8d8jk’0v’rnfsq;0= hG 7;k,c8d8jk’0v’rnfsq;0= hG 7;k,c8d8jk’0v’rnfsq;0= hG 7;k,c8d8jk’0v’rnfsq;0= hG 7;k,c8d8jk’0v’rnf

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd7;k,c8d8jk’0v’]e8QoF fvd c]t \kd0v’rnfwfh4nd8hv’D@D vjkovvdlP’7emujxtlq,da[lts^t V6 wfh-afg9oD#D xqdxadIadlkrnf

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D 7;k,c8d8jk’0v’]e8QoF fvd c]t \kd0v’rnfD{ 7;k,c8d8jk’0v’]e8QornfG ]e8Qogxaoxhv’F gxaog7nv c]t gxaor5j, X]e8Qogxaoxhv’G lk]uF vhvpS

]e8Qogxaog7nvG \kd4qj;F \kdvbF \kdc8’S ]e8Qogxaor5j,G \kdgzafF \kdg0nv?D{ 7;k,c8d8jk’0v’fvdrnfG fvd.spj{ohvpS fvdfjP;F fvdgxaorQ; XfvdfjP;G fvdfk;gInv’F

fvd\kdvbF fvd8kg;aoF fvdd5sk[S fvdgxaorQ;G fvdlk]uF fvd76oF fvd9exkF fvd\kd,j;’?D{ 7;k,c8d8jk’0v’\kdrnfG \kdfjP;F \kdgxaorQ; X\kdfjP;G \kdvbF \kdc8’F \kd,vow0jS

\kdgxaorQ;G \kd]ewpF \kdc7h’?D@D dkovjkovvlP’7emujxtlq,da[lts^t V6G 76 ’6 l6 86 46 x6 [6 p5 I6 s6 m6

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D 8Qolk]uF 8QovhvpF 8Qo\kd4qj;F 8Qo\kdgzafS fvdfk;gInv’F fvd8kg;aoF fvd\kdvbF fvd76oF

fvd9exkS \kdvbF \kd]ewpF \kdc7h’D@D [af7ela[G 76 ’6 l6 86 46 x6 [6 p5 I6 s6 m6

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpla’gdf8Qolk]uF 8QovhvpF 8Qo\kd4qj;F 8Qo\kdgzafF lqomtok7;k,c8d8jk’

0v’]e8QornfD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdffvdfk;gInv’F fvd8kg;aoF fvd\kdvbF fvd76oF fvd9exkF lqomtok

7;k,c8d8jk’0v’fvdrnf#D .shgfadohvpla’gdf\kdvbF \kd]ewpF \kdc7h’F lqomtok7;k,c8d8jk’0v’\kdrnfD$D okp76rkgfadohvpvjkovvdlP’7emujxtlq,da[lts^t V6D&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7no7;k,c8d8jk’0v’]e8QoF fvd c]t \kd0v’rnfD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,f5\ao c]t dkoxqdxadIadlkrnfD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqo la’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd7;k,c8d8jk’0v’]e8QoF fvd c]t \kd0v’rnfD@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkovjkovvdlP’7emujxtlq,da[lts^t V6D#D dkoxqdxadIadlkrnfD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu $


(ສວສ

)

62


sq;0=hGsq;0=hGsq;0=hGsq;0=hGsq;0=hG mkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdfh;plu8k,.9 mkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdfh;plu8k,.9 mkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdfh;plu8k,.9 mkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdfh;plu8k,.9 mkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdfh;plu8k,.9

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D mkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdwfh4nd8hv’D@D mkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdwfh9q[’k,D#D c[j’xaol=lu.sh\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkomkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdfh;plu8k,.9D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D l=fe s^n l=luw,hF 1k’]n[D@D xN,[qfg/ydsaf|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vD [# X|hk!!?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76.shgfadohvpg;QkvvdlP’lts^t VyD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[rnf.shfvdD#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkomkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[;ymumkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo.odkomklu c]t dkoc[j’xaol=lu.sh\6jgrnjvoD

IV. dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqo dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqo dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqo dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqo dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkomkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdD@D 7;k,9q[’k,.odkomkluI6[rk[rnf.shfvdD#D dkoc[j’xaol=lu.sh\6jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu $

63


sq;0=hG c[[s^Yo4q’;yglfsq;0=hG c[[s^Yo4q’;yglfsq;0=hG c[[s^Yo4q’;yglfsq;0=hG c[[s^Yo4q’;yglfsq;0=hG c[[s^Yo4q’;yglf

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYo8aj’;yglfwfh4nd8hv’D@D s^Yoc[[s^Yo4q’;yglfwfh4nd8hv’D#D xvfwr.og;]ks^Yoc[[s^YoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYoc[[sYo4q’;yglfD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D 4q’zhkcrF fvdw,hF c]t dv’@D ;ymusYo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvp\6og0qjkF [yfcv; c]t cd;j’c0owx0hk’-hkp{0hk’0;kD@D okp76ltg|u c[[s^Yo c]t lkmyf;ymus^Yoc[[s^Yo4q’;yglfD#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYo4q’;yglfF okp768yf8k, c]t -j;p cotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yoc[[s^Yo4q’;yglfD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG sYoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7uF ]t;a’[+p6h\6jF [+c]jo8edaosYo c]h; vtokw,,nF

8uo.shltvkf c]t gda[,hPov5xtdvo-j;pdaoD*D .shgfadohvpoaj’]q’8q[,nIhv’gr’ sa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvps^Yo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkos^Yoc[[s^Yo4q’;yglfD#D 7;k,xvfwr.og;]ks^YoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Numu $


(ສວສ

)

64


sq;0= hG gd,3f,u3ofvdw,hsq;0= hG gd,3f,u3ofvdw,hsq;0= hG gd,3f,u3ofvdw,hsq;0= hG gd,3f,u3ofvdw,hsq;0= hG gd,3f,u3ofvdw,h

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 8+3f,u3ofvdw,hwfh4nd8hv’D#D vqfmqo.og;]ks^Yogd,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko8+I6[rk[3f,u3ofvdw,hG fvd9exkF fvdfk;gInv’F fvd76oF fvdd5s^k[F fvd8kg;aoD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,3f,u3ofvdw,hG fvd9exkF fvdfk;gInv’F fvd76oF fvdd5s^k[F fvd8kg;ao Xle

]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,c8d8jk’0v’fvdrnfD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkos^Yogd,8+I6[rk[3f,u3ofvdw,hD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kds^Yoc]h; c]t 7;k,vqfmqoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko8+I6[rk[3f,u3ofvdw,hD#D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]ks^Yogd,D

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu $

65


sq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjko

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D sYogxaor+7hkF c,j7hkF ]6d7hk c]t -k;l;o1jk’,j;o-njoD#D vjkovvdlP’7ela[muj,ults^t V5 c]h;[vdrtpao-tot8Qo c]t vjko8k,I6[rk[.oxB,oymkowfh

4nd8hv’D$D ,u,k]tpkf.odkovjko c]t sYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’s^YoF ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjko@D dkosYo[qf[kflq,,5fgxaor+7hkF c,j7hkF ]6d7hkF -N c]t 0kpfvdw,h c]t \kdw,hD gxao-k;l;ox6dzadF

fvd w,h c]t \kdw,hD#D dkola’gdf c]t vjkovvdlP’7ela[muj,ults^t V5 .oxB,[qfg/ydsafrklk]k; gsA, @ c]h;[vd

rtpao-tot8Qo p , o 0D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fG fvdw,hF \kdw,h s^n \kdw,h9e]v’F -y’-aj’D g7njv’,n-k;l;oF zad c]t

\kdw,h9e]v’F g9hp[afg’yoD@D ,5,vjkoG dtfkolP[ s^n 8yfF xB,[qfg/ydsafrklk]k;gsA, @ X|hk !_?#D [aflaopt]adg0Qks^Yo8k,,5,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,c8d8jk’0v’]e8QoF fvd c]t \kd0v’rnfD@D okp76cotoe;ymusY^oF.shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0Qks^Yo8k,,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgs^nvD$D .shjgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yo8k,,5,[qf[kflq,,5f c]t ,5,vjkoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvp.sh,u,k]tpkfdjP;da[dkovjko c]t s^YoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odkosYogxaor+7hkF c,j7hkF ]6d7hk c]t -k;l;oD#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkovjkovvdlP’7ela[muj,ultst V5 c]h;[vdrtpao-tot8Qo c]t vjko8k,I6[rk[

.oxB,oymkoD$D dko,u,k]tpkf.odkovjko c]t sYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu $


(ສວສ

)

66


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;gxaoz6hoe{z6 hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfsq;0= hG g7n jvows;gxaoz6hoe{z6 hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfsq;0= hG g7n jvows;gxaoz6hoe{z6 hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfsq;0= hG g7n jvows;gxaoz6hoe{z6 hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfsq;0= hG g7n jvows;gxaoz6hoe{z6 hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqf

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D ltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfwfh4nd8hv’D@D g;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfG skp.9g0Qk{skp.9vvdF l6[]q,g0Qk8uo]qfD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvomjksafdkpt[=]ysko,n c]t 8uo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko,n c]t 8uoG mjksadoY;,n]q’F 0Bogmnjv]toY; c]t mjk1+kgmQk0Bo{]q’D@D .shgfadohvppjk’8k,mk’c7[ !W -a’8uc,afF pk; # c,afD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvp1nopqdc0o;kvvdskp.9g0QkF gvqkc0o]q’skp.9vvdD*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfD(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k,okp76deoqfD@D dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu &

67


sq;0=hG vkdkfsq;0=hG vkdkfsq;0=hG vkdkfsq;0=hG vkdkfsq;0=hG vkdkf

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vdvkdkf c]t 75oxt3spf0v’vkdkfwfh4nd8hv’D@D g]qjk7e7jv’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,7e7jv’wfh-afg9oD#D xqdxadIadlkvkdkfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D vkdkf c]t 75oxt3spf0v’vkdkfG{ vkdkf,u16jmqj;wxvhv,8q;gIqkc8jgIqkg[yj’[+gsaoD{ 75oxt3spf0v’vkdkfG 7qoF lafF rnf8hv’dkovkdkfgrnjvskp.9F .lj]q,8uo]qfF .lj]q,\kd[koF

4hk[+,uvkdkfskp.97qoF lafF rnfd=9t8kpD@D dkog]qjk7e7jv’G vkdkffuF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D{ 7ela[G vkdkfF xt3spfF 7qoF lafF 8Qow,hF l6[]q,F IadlkD{ xt3spdG vkdkf,uxt3spfF 7qolafF 8Qow,h.-hvkdkfskp.9F 7qo.-hvkdkfl6[]q,8uo]qfF grnjvoma’

s^kp-j;pdaoIadlkvkdkfD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D [qf7e7jv’ vkdkffuD@D I6[rk[G 7qol6[8uo]qfF c,’w,h8kp.od;fcdh;D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76.shgfadohvpgvqk,nvaffa’[bf|bj’F lqomtokdjP;da[7;k,I6hlbdD@D okp76rkgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’F lqomtokF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o7e7jv’D#D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F lqomtokdjP;da[vkdkf c]t 75oxt3spf0v’vkdkfD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o0v’7e7jv’7noD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,lk,ad7u c]t dkoxqdxadIadlkvkdkfD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vdvkdkf c]t 75oxt3spf0v’vkdkfD@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkog]qjk7e7jv’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o7e7jv’D#D dkoxqdxadIadlkvkdkfD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu &


(ສວສ

)

68


sq;0=hG 0uf0Po7ela[mujxtlq,lts^t Vysq;0=hG 0uf0Po7ela[mujxtlq,lts^t Vysq;0=hG 0uf0Po7ela[mujxtlq,lts^t Vysq;0=hG 0uf0Po7ela[mujxtlq,lts^t Vysq;0=hG 0uf0Po7ela[mujxtlq,lts^t Vy

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vodko0uf0Po7ela[mujxtlq,lts^t Vy wfh4nd8hv’D@D 0uf0Po7ela[mujxtlq,lts^t Vy wfh4nd8hv’D#D 7;k,vqfmqo.odko0Polts^t VyD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko0uf0Po7ela[mujxtlq,lts^t VyG dy [y xy lyD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D l=feF g9hp0k;F 1k’]n[D@D xB,[qfg/ydsafrklk]k; gsA, @ X|hk )? s^n g9hpc[[0Polts^t VyD#D [qf7e7jv’ vkdkffuD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’ vkdkffuxtdv[mjkmk’D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[x6,gxQkF lqomtokdjP;da[I6[Ijk’ c]t 0Ao8vodko0uf0Po7ela[

mujxtlq,lts^t VyD#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodko0uf0Po7ela[mujxtlq,lts^t VyD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[;ymu0uf0Po7ela[mujxtlq,lts^t VyD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoc[j’xaog7njv’.-h c]t 7;k,lk,ad7uda[\6jgrnjvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vodko0uf0Po7ela[mujxtlq,lts^t VyD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko0uf0Po7ela[mujxtlq,lts^t VyD#D 7;k,vqfmqo.odko0Polts^t VyD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Nmu &

69


sq;0=h G c[[sYôxhv’dao8q;sq;0=h G c[[sYôxhv’dao8q;sq;0=h G c[[sYôxhv’dao8q;sq;0=h G c[[sYôxhv’dao8q;sq;0=h G c[[sYôxhv’dao8q;

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoxhv’dao8q;gv’wfh4nd8hv’D@D sYoc[[sYoxhv’dao8q;wfh4nd8hv’D#D ,u7;k,,j;o-njo.og;]ksYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYoc[[sYoxhv’dao8q;

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D [qf7e7jv’ vkdkffu@D ;ymusYo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’ vkdkffu xtdv[mjkmk’D@D okp76ltg|uc[[sYo c]t lkmyf;ymusYoc[[sYoxhv’dao8q;D#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYoxhv’dao8q;F okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYoc[[sYoxhv’dao8q;D&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG s^YoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7uF ]t;a’[=j.sh]Q,F sYoc]h;vtokw,8uo c]t

,n.shltvkfD*D gfadohvp1nogxaoc4;.-h,no;osa’.shdaog[qkM sa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvpsyho8k,.9D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkosYoc[[sYoxhv’dao8q;D#D 7;k,,j;o-njo.og;]ksYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu @ ,Numu &


(ສວສ

)

70


sq;0= hG gd,8+I6[rk[vkdkfvhv,8q;gIqksq;0= hG gd,8+I6[rk[vkdkfvhv,8q;gIqksq;0= hG gd,8+I6[rk[vkdkfvhv,8q;gIqksq;0= hG gd,8+I6[rk[vkdkfvhv,8q;gIqksq;0= hG gd,8+I6[rk[vkdkfvhv,8q;gIqk

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’@D 8+I6[rk[dkfvhv,8q;gwfh4nd8hv’gIqkD#D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]ksYogd,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko8+I6[rk[vkdkfvhv,8q;gIqkD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,8+I6[rk[vkdkfvhv,8q;gIqk Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,8+I6[rk[3f,u3ofvdw,hD#D [qf7e7jv’ vkdkffuD

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V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko8+I6[rk[vkdkfvhv,8q;gIqkD#D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]ksYogd,D

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71

dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,sq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfF ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoI. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’

grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D mqf]v’gxqjkx6,gxQk c]t [vd7;k,c8d8jk’0v’]e8QornfF fvdrnf c]t \kdrnf wfh4nd8hv’D#D c8h,I6[rk[x6,gxQk8k,c[[ c]t 0Polts^t V6 .o7ela[$D -j;pgsnv\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’s^YoF ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao@D dkola’gdf c]t mqf]v’gxqjk]q,.ljx6,gxQk.sh8n’c]h;xjvp]q,vvd9kdx6,gxQkS la’gdf7;k,

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IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,;ymtpklkf c]t me,t-kfG x6,gxQkD 8Qolk]uF vhvpF g7nv\kd4qj; s^n rnfmuj,u.omhv’4yjoD

fvdfk;gInv’F \kdvbF \kd]ewpF \kdc7h’ sn \kdw,h 8k,]tf6dkomuj,u.omhv’4yjoD fvd76oFfvd\kdvb sn fvdmuj,u.omhv’4yjoD

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#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5, c]t [qf7e7jv’ vkdkffuD

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ly]txtlhk’laoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgsnvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,;ymtpklkfme,t-kf c]t ly]txtlhk’laoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[,u,k]tpkf.odkovjko c]t sYoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkomqf]v’gxqjkx6,gxQkF dko[vd7;k,c8d8jk’0v’]e8QornfF fvdrnf c]t \kdrnfD#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoc8h,I6[rk[x6,gxQk8k,c[[ c]t 0Polts^t V6 muj,u.o7ela[D$D dko-j;pgsnv\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

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72

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!D [vd0Ao8vo.odkoxAofyogxaoI6[v53,’F dko0uf0Po8q;g]dvkia[ c8j W{_ 8k,Ivp9EF dkoc8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[wfh4nd8hv’D

@D xAofyogxaoI6[v53,’.sh,u7;k,7hkp7nD#D c[j’xaofuoxaho.sh\6jgrnjvoD$D 0uf0Po8q;g]d !* 8k,Ivp9E.sh9q[’k,D&D ,u7;k,vqfmqo.odko0uf0Po8q;g]d !* 8k,Ivp9EF dkoc8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[F dko0Po

ltst V5 8k,7ela[dkoc8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[.shleg]afD*D c8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[F c8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[.sh7hkp7nD(D la’gdflt V5 .o7ela[8k,7ela[D)D 0uf0Polts^t V5 .o7ela[8k,7ela[wfh4nd8hv’D_D g/ydxtlkflerao]ts;jk’,nda[lkp8k.sh,u7;k,7jv’c7h;D

73


!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dk8ydkdkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc[[s^Yoglnvw]j\6 s^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qoF s^YooE{s^Yo-kpG 4vdoE.ljrk-tot8jk’MF dv’-kpgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9F c[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;pD c]t sYoc[[sYo,af8km;plP’0v’g7njv’fqo8uG lP’dv’F dtc-Jd c]tclj’D

@D s^Yoc[[s^Yoc[[s^Yoglnvw]j\6F s^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qoF s^YooE{s^Yo-kpG4vdoE.ljrk-tot8jk’MF dv’-kpgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9F c[[sYoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;p c]tsYoc[[sYo,af8km;plP’0v’g7njv’fqo8uG lP’dv’F dtc-Jd c]t clj’ wfh4nd8hv’D

#D vqfmqo.og;]ksyhoc[[sYoD$D xvfwr.og;]ksYoc[[sYoD&DDDDD -j;pgsnvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ksYoD*D g[ud[ko,j;o-nnjo.og;]ksYoD


!D vvdlP’7ela[F rtpao-totF lts^tmuj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D ]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgspNvwfh4nd8hv’D$ 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[4E c]t oE8qd8kfwfh4nd8hv’D&D 9a[76jI6[rk[mk’.o c]t mk’ovdwfh4nd8hv’D*D 9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[D(D -j;pgsnv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ksYogd,D)D c[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoDສະ

ຫງວນລຂະສດ

(ສວສ

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74


! D! D! D! D! D [vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D[vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D[vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D[vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D[vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D@D lezaf7;k,-kF ]Po8q;g]dmujgIaffh;pdtfkf-kpwfh4nd8hv’#D xAofyogxaoI6[v53,’F 0Po8q;g]d W{_ 8k,.9F c8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8kf8k,c[[F c8h,I6[rk[

me,t-kf8k,c[[0uf0Polts^t Vy .o7ela[wfh4nd8hv’D$D vjko7ela[.omuj,ults^t Vy c]t oa[I6[rk[oqd c]t [vd9eo;ooqd !@F !&F !( 38D&D gxaooadmjv’mjP;wxmjP;-q,4EF gxao.dhoerkoadmjv’mjP;wxmjP;-q,4E1jk’,j;o-njoD*D 9a[76jI6[rk[4ES 9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&S 9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[S

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75


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ vkdkffusq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ vkdkffusq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ vkdkffusq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ vkdkffusq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ vkdkffu


II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’ vkdkffuD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D [qf7e7jv’ vkdkffuD@D mjksafdkpt[=]ysko]e7= c]t c0o Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko]e7= c]t c0oG mjk\6o]e7= c]t mjkpqdc0o0Bogmy’sq;cdj;’,nD@D .shgfadohvpg8Aodq[D#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpovos’kpsa[8kF ;kc0ovvdrhv,ma’9jk’0kD*D .shgfadohvp1nolajo,nwx{,k-hkM(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D@D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu !


(ສວສ

)

76


sq;0=hG 7;k,\kp c]t -n j0v’4Esq;0=hG 7;k,\kp c]t -n j0v’4Esq;0=hG 7;k,\kp c]t -n j0v’4Esq;0=hG 7;k,\kp c]t -n j0v’4Esq;0=hG 7;k,\kp c]t -n j0v’4E

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd7;k,\kp c]t -nj0v’4Ewfh4nd8hv’D@D g]qjk7=k7jv’F F F F F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o7e7jv’wfh-afg9oD#D xqdxadIadlklyj’c;f]hv,mk’me,t-kfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D 7;k,\kp c]t -nj0v’4ED{ 7;k,\kp0v’4EG 4E\kpg4y’I6mujgxao3rh’d;hk’16j.or6suo sn zkD{ -nj4Emujgduf8k,me,t-kfG 4EmjkowdlvoF 4E8yj’F 4Exk/k c]t 4Emuj,u.omhv’4yjoD@D dkog]qjk7=k7jv’ 4=hkF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o7e7jv’D{ 7ela[G 4EF dh;k’F r6suoF mhv’4yjoF ’k,F 4EmjkowdlvoF 4Exk/kF 4Edv’]=F 4E8yj’xkdv6F mjP;-q,D{ xt3spdG 4Ec,jo3r’dh;k’r6suoF 4Emjkowdlvogxao4Emuj’k,skpF skowxmjP;-q,4EF 4Exk/

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lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu !

77


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II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoxAofyogxaoI6[v53,’D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D fyo sn cxh’le]a[xAoF czjoIv’xAoF glNvdaogxNvoF c[[I6[v53,’mujxAoc]h;D@D -k,oEF lt[6F zhkg-af,nD#D [qf7e7jv’ 4ED

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk[qf7e7jv’ 4E xtdv[mjkmk’D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[v63,’mujxAoc]h;F lqomtokdjP;da[0Ao8vodkoxAofyogxaoI6[v53,’D#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkoxAofyogxaoI6[v53,’D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’koF g;Qk7nodjP;da[0Ao8vodkoxAofyogxaoI6[v53,’D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,lk,ad7u c]t dkoc[j’xaolyj’0v’.sh\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vodkoxAofyogxaoI6[v53,’D@D 7;k,7hkp7n.odkoxAofyogxaoI6[v53,’D#D dkoc[j’xaofuoxaho.sh\6jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu !


(ສວສ

)

78


sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoglnvw]j\6sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoglnvw]j\6sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoglnvw]j\6sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoglnvw]j\6sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoglnvw]j\6

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYoglnvw]j\6wfh4nd8hv’D@D sYoc[[sYoglnvw]j\6wfh4nd8hv’D#D g[ud[ko,j;o-nnjo.og;]ksYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYoc[[sYoglnvw]j\6D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D \kds;ufD@D [qf7=k7jv’ 4=hk c]t 7e7jv’glnvw]j\6D#D ;ymusYo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’ 4=hk xtdv[mjkmk’D@D okp76cotoec[[sYo c]t lkmyf;ymusYoc[[sYoglnvw]j\6D#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYoglnvw]j\6F okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;hqk7nodkosYoc[[sYoglnvw]j\6D&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG sYoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7uF ]t;a’[=jc]jo8edaoF s%Y%oc]h;vtokw,,n c]t

8uo.shltvkfD *D gfadohvp7Ecv;c]h;[yfwxmk’0hk’-hkp c]t 0hk’0;k-hkM sa’9kdoAo xjvp.shgfadohvpsYo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkosYoc[[sYoglnvw]j\6D#D 7;k,g[ud[ko,j;o-njo.og;]ksYoD


79


sq;0=hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7bdaoI6[rk[4Esq;0=hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7bdaoI6[rk[4Esq;0=hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7bdaoI6[rk[4Esq;0=hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7bdaoI6[rk[4Esq;0=hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7bdaoI6[rk[4E

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-nj c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[4Ewfh4nd8hv’D#D c[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYogd,8+I6[rk[4ED

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[4EG 4EmjkowdlvoF 4E8yj’F 4Exk/k Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,8+I6[rk[vkdkfvhv,8q;gIqkD#D [qf7e7jv’ 4ED

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’4ED@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkosYogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[4ED*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kdsYoc]h; c]t dkoc[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.og;]k[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[4ED#D dkoc[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD



(ສວສ

)

80


sq;0= hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0= hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0= hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0= hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0= hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njvsY^o c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D@D 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[4E c]t 9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!& wfh4nd8hv’D#D xAofyo c]t c8h,I6[rk[8k,c[[wfh4nd8hv’D$D c[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j66jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’sYoF ;ymusYo8k,,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao@D dko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[4EG 4EmjkowdlvoF 4E8yj’F 4Exk/k c]t dko9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d

!{!&#D dkoxAofyoxAogxaoI6[v53,’ c]t c8h,I6[rk[x6,gxQkD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoG fyole]a[xAoF zhkIv’xAoF -k,oEF lt[6F zhkg-af,nF g9hpc[[I6[rk[ x6,gxQkD

l=feF l=luw,h s^n lumPoF g9hp0k; @D ,5,gd,dkolbdlkG dtfkolP[ sn 8yfF czjogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[4EG 4EmjkowdlvoF 4E8yj’F 4Exk

/k c]t czjogd,9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&D#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5, c]t [qf7=k7jv’4=hkD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’ 4E xtdv[mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdko@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF.shgfadg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgsnvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoc[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j66jgrnjvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-nj,5, c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[4E c]t 9a[76jI6[rk[\kdlk]uda[8q;g]d !{!&D#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoxAofyo c]t c8h,I6[rk[D$D dkoc[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j66jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu # ,Nmu !

81


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[[qf7e7jv’ 4Esq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[[qf7e7jv’ 4Esq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[[qf7e7jv’ 4Esq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[[qf7e7jv’ 4Esq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[[qf7e7jv’ 4E

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D ltcf’mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’1jk’,j;o-njoD@D dhkltcf’vv.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’4ED

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D [qf7e7jv’ 4ED@D mjksafdkpt[=]ysko,n c]t cv; Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko,n c]t cv;G mjkfyfoY;,nwxmk’-hkp{0;k c]t mjk\6ocv;

wxvhv,Iv[D@D .shgfadohvpg8Ao-ydc-adg[Nv’-hkp{0;kD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpoaj’1jv’1=hF gvqkc0ow0;jdao;k’gmy’sq;g0qjkF g’up|hk0BoF skp.9g0QkF dQ,sq;]q’F

skp.9vvd-hkM*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkodhkltcf’vvd.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D@D dkodhkltcf’vvd.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,NmuG @


(ສວສ

)

82


sq;0=sq;0=sq;0=sq;0=sq;0= hG hG hG hG hG mu j8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’4Emuj8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’4Emuj8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’4Emuj8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’4Emuj8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’4E

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vdmuj8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’4Ewfh4nd8hv’D@D vjko8q;g]d8k,]efa[c8j W{_ wfh4nd8hv’D#D xqdxadIadlklyj’c;f]hv,mk’me,t-kfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D muj8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’4EmjkowdlvoF 4E8yj’ c]t 4Exk/kD{ 4EmjkowdlvoG 4Emjkowdlvo8A’16j[hkookwdj g,nv’;P’w- c0;’sq;raoS 7;k,le7aoG

gxao[jvogIaf;Pd.oltw\8+l6hd6h-kf0v’mjkoz6hoe c]tgxaolt4komujmk’xts;aflkfD{ 4E8yj’G 4E8yj’8A’16j[hkoxkdv6g,nv’xkdv6 c0;’s^;’rt[k’S 7;k,le7aoG .o4E,urtr5fmtI6[F

,ume,t-kfl;p’k,gxaolt4komujmjv’mjP; c]t gxaocs^j’lbdlksk0=h,6o7;k,I6hmk’fhkoxts;aflkfD

{ 4Exk/kG 4Exk/k8A’16j[hkook7ao-hk’ g,nv’mjkc0d c0;’7e,j;oS 7;k,le7aoG gxaolt4komujmjv’mjP; c]t gxao[jvolbdlksk0=h,6o7;k,I6hmk’xts;aflkfD

@D dkovjko8q;g]d8k,]efa[c8j W{_D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D I6[rk[G 4EmjkowdlvoF 4E8yj’ c]t 4Exk/kD@D [af8q;g]d W{_D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo { dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo { dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo { dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo { dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo { dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[-nj0v’4ED@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[4EF lqomtokdjP;da[muj8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’4ED#D .shgfadohvpla’gdf[af8q;g]dF vjko8q;g]d8k,]efa[c8j W{_D$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nomuj8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’4Emjkowdlvo c]t vjko8q;g]d8k,]efa[c8j W{_ 7noD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoIadlk7;k,ltvkf c]t dkoxqdxadIadlklyj’c;f]hv,

mk’me,t-kfDV DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqo

la’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vdmuj8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao 0v’4ED@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkovjko8q;g]d8k,]efa[c8j W{_D#D dkoxqdxadIadlklyj’c;f]hv,mk’me,t-kfD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8qq;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu @

83


sq;0=hG 0uf0Po8q;g]d !*sq;0=hG 0uf0Po8q;g]d !*sq;0=hG 0uf0Po8q;g]d !*sq;0=hG 0uf0Po8q;g]d !*sq;0=hG 0uf0Po8q;g]d !* 8k,Ivp9E 8k,Ivp9E 8k,Ivp9E 8k,Ivp9E 8k,Ivp9E

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vodko0uf0Po8q;g]d !* 8k,Ivp9Ewfh4nd8hv’D@D 0uf0Po8q;g]d !* 8k,Ivp9E.sh9q[’k,D#D ,u7;k,vqfmqo.odko0uf0Po8q;g]d !* 8k,Ivp9E.shleg]afD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko0uf0Po8q;g]d !* 8k,Ivp9E

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D l=feF 1k’]n[D@D xB,c[[g/ydsaf7toyflkf ! X|hk @@? s^n g9hp8q;g]d !* muj,uIvp9ED#D g9hp8q;g]d !* muj0Poc]h;D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpgvqkoY;,nlkodaoc]h;cvos^a’,ng0QkskdaoD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdf8q;g]d !* c]h;vjko8q;g]d8k,]efa[D#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodko0uf0Po8q; !* 8k,Ivp9ED$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD&D gfadohvpltg|uzqo’koF g;Qk7nodjP;da[0Ao8vodko0uf0Po8q;g]d !* 8k,Ivp9ED*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo c]t dko-j;pgs^nvdaoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vodko0uf0Po8q; !* 8k,Ivp9ED@D 7;k,9q[’k,.odko0uf0Po8q;g]d !* 8k,Ivp9ED#D 7;k,vqfmqo.odko0uf0Po8q;g]d !* 8k,Ivp9E.shleg]afD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Numu @


(ສວສ

)

84


sq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qosq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qosq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qosq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qosq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qo

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG! D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qowfh4nd8hv’D@D sYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qowfh4nd8hv’D#D xvfwr.og;]ksYoc[[sYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qoD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D \kd[koF dv’ c]t w,hl=k]a[0ufglyhoD@D ;ymusYo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpoa[g]dxkdgxqjkc8j !{#W rhv,ma’8q[,nD@D okp76ltg|u c[[sYo c]t lkmyf;ymusYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qoD#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[s%Yoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qoF okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG s^YoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7u c]t vqfmqo]=4hks^Yo8k,]=kfa[F

sYoc]h;vtokw,,n c]t 8uo.shltvkfD*D .shgfadohvppqd,n0Bogmy’sq;c]h;7jvpMcd;j’wx{,k-hkM sa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvpsYo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao3po[kog0Qk;q’,qoD# 7;k,xvfwr.og;]ksYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu @

85


sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[mk’.o c]t mk’ovdsq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[mk’.o c]t mk’ovdsq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[mk’.o c]t mk’ovdsq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[mk’.o c]t mk’ovdsq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[mk’.o c]t mk’ovd

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D 9a[76jI6[rk[4mk’.o c]t mk’ovdwfh4nd8hv’D#D c[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko9a[76jI6[rk[mk’.o c]t mk’ovdG 4EF oE8qdF gInvomuj,uI6[fk;16jmk’.o c]t mk’ovdD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,9a[76jI6[rk[mk’.o c]t mk’ovdG 4EF oE8qdF gInvomuj,uI6[fk;16jmk’.o c]t mk’ovdD

Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6prkp4EG 4EmjkowdlvoF 4E8yj’ c]t 4Exk/kD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[muj8A’0v’4EmjkowdlvoF 4E8yj’ c]t 4Exk/kD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkosYogd,9a[76jI6[rk[mk’.o c]t mk’ovdD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kdsYoc]h; c]t dkoc[j’xaoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jI6[rk[mk’.o c]t mk’ovdD#D dkoc[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu @


(ສວສ

)

86


sq;0=hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fsq;0=hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fsq;0=hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fsq;0=hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fsq;0=hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 0Po8q;g]dvkia[8k,Ivp9E c]t xAofyowfh4nd8hv’D#D sYogxaooadmjv’mjP; c]t gxaowdhoerkoadmjv’mjP;wxmjP;1jk’,j;o-njoD$D g;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’sYoF ;ymusYo8k,,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,[qf[kflq,,5f@D dko0Po8q;g]dvkia[8k,Ivp9Ec8j W{_ c]t xAofyogxaoI6[v53,’#D dkosYo[qf[kflq,,5fgxaooadmjv’mjP;wxmjP;-q,4ED gxao.dhoerkoadmjv’mjP;wxmjP;-q,4ED

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoG l=feF 1k’]b[D xB,[qfg/ydsaf7toyflkf s^n g9hpIhvp9E8q;g]dvkia[ c8j W{_

fyoxAoF czjoIv’xAoF glNvdaoxAoF -k,oEF lt[6F zhkg-af,nD@D ,5,[qqf[kflq,,5fG 4E9e]v’D#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[4EmjkowdlvoF 4E8yj’ c]t 4Exk/kD@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF.shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,[qf[kflq,,5fD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,ly]txtlhk’laoF ,5,[qf[kflq,,5, c]t gda[,hPov5xtdvoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\j6grnjvo.og;]ks^YoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymu s^Yo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odkosYogxaookp76 c]t sYogxao8q;]t7vo.o[qfg]njv’oymkoD#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko0Po8q;g]dvkia[8k,ivp9E c]t xAofyogxaov53,’D$D dko,u,k]tpkf.odkovjko c]t sYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu # ,Nmu @

87


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;xt8y[af0= h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoesq;0= hG g7n jvows;xt8y[af0= h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoesq;0= hG g7n jvows;xt8y[af0= h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoesq;0= hG g7n jvows;xt8y[af0= h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoesq;0= hG g7n jvows;xt8y[af0= h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoe

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D xt8y[af0=h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoewfh4nd8hv’D@D -j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoxt8y[af0=h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoeG{ g;Qk-nj8kfd;k’-u ltcf’mjkmk’ 4jkpI6[gvqk8kfD{ g;Qk-nj8kf7vortgra’ ltcf’mjkmk’ ,j;o-njoIhv’gr’D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvomjksafdkpt[=]ysko]e7= c]t 0k Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko]e7= c]t 0kG mjkdQ,sq;]q’F g’up|hk0Bo c]t mjk31j’31t0k]q’D@D .shgfadohvp3ff1Pf1k’ Xl6’ #W -,?D?D?D?D?D#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoxt8y[af0=h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoeD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvp1nogIafmjkmk’9a[fvdw,h,kfq,D*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoxt8y[af0=h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoeD(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dko-j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoxt8y[af0=h8qd]q’8k,okp76cotoeD@D dko-j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu #


(ສວສ

)

88


sq;0=hG oE8qd8kfsq;0=hG oE8qd8kfsq;0=hG oE8qd8kfsq;0=hG oE8qd8kfsq;0=hG oE8qd8kf

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd7;k,\kp c]t -nj0v’oE8qd8kfwfh4nd8hv’D@D g]qjk7e7jv’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qf7e7jv’wfh-afg9oD#D xqdxadIadlklyj’c;f]hv,mk’me,t-kfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D 7;k,\kp c]t -nj0v’oE8qd8kfD { 7;k,\kp0v’oE8qd8kfG oE8qd8kf\kpg4y’oEmujws^]q’9kdr6 sn suozkmujl6’-aoD { -njoE8qd8kfmujgduf9kdme,t-kfG oE8qd8kfd;k’-uF oE8qd8kf7vortgra’ c]t oE8qd8kf

muj,u.omhv’4yjoD@D dkog]qjk7e7jv’ oE8qd8kfF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D{ 7ela[G oE8qd8kfF suoF cdh;F ’k,F me,t-kfF oE8qd8kfd;k’-uF oE8qd8kf7vortgra’D{ xt3spdG oE8qd8kfws^zjkosuol6’F s^kogsaoc]h;oE8qd8kfd;k’-uF ’k,vujsuoE8qd8kfg]ktF me,t-kf]h;ooE8qd8kf7vortgra’D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D I6[rk[oE8qd8kf@D [qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kf Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[oE8qd8kfmujgfadohvpg7upgsaoD@D okp76rkgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’F lqomtokF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o [qf7e7jv’D#D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[oE8qd8kfF lqomtokdjP;da[7;k,\kp c]t -nj0v’oE8qd8kfD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[7;k,\kp c]t -nj0v’oE8qd8kfS g;Qkgxao7elaa[ c]t gxaoxt3spd

8k,goNv.o0v’7e7jv’7noD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,lk,ad7u c]t dkoxqdxadIadlklyj’c;f]hv,mk’me,t-kfD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd7;k,\kp c]t -nj0v’oE8qd8kfD@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkog]qjk7e7jv’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D#D dkoxqdxadIadlklyj’c;f]hv,mk’me,t-kfD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu #

89


sq;0= hG c8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[sq;0= hG c8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[sq;0= hG c8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[sq;0= hG c8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[sq;0= hG c8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vodkoc8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[wfh4nd8hv’D@D c8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[.sh7hkp7nD#D ,u7;k,vqfmqo.odkoc8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[.shleg]afD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoc8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D g9hp0k;F l=feF 1k’]b[D@D g9hpI6[rk[oE8qdmujc8h,c]h;D#D [qfgr’ Iadlyj’c;f]hv,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ Iadlyj’c;f]hv, xtdv[mjkmk’D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[oE8qdF lqomtokdjP;da[oE8qd8kfmujgfadohvpg7upgsaoD#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkoc8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltzqo’koF g;Qk7nodjP;da[;ymuc8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo c]t dkogda[,hPov5xtdvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g9Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vodkoc8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[D@D 7;k,7hkp7n0v’dkoc8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[D#D 7;k,vqfmqo.odkoc8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[.shleg]afD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu #


(ສວສ

)

90


sq;0= hG s^ YooEG 4vdoE.ljrk-tot8jk’Msq;0= hG s^ YooEG 4vdoE.ljrk-tot8jk’Msq;0= hG s^ YooEG 4vdoE.ljrk-tot8jk’Msq;0= hG s^ YooEG 4vdoE.ljrk-tot8jk’Msq;0= hG s^ YooEG 4vdoE.ljrk-tot8jk’M

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’ grujv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYo c[[s^Yo4vdoE.ljrk-tot8jk’MF@D g/yddhk,-Uo,n.shc0’cI’.og;]k4vdoED#D -j;pgs^nvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ks^YoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYo c[[sYo4vdoE.ljrk-tot8jk’MF

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D [qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kfD@D 75oEF 3vF -k,F dt85d1k’F 9vdF dtxJv’D#D ;ymusYo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’ oE8qd8kf xtdv[mjkmk’D@D okp76ltg|uc[[sYo c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYo c[[sYo4vdoE.ljrk-tot8jk’MF#D .shgfadohvps^Yo 4vdoE.ljrk-tot8jk’M 768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYoc[[sYo 4vdoE.ljrk-tot8jk’MF&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG sYoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7uF [+sqfoE.ljdaoF sYoc]h; vtokw,,nF 8uo c]t

gda[,hPov5xtdvo-j;pdaoD*D .shgfadohvpoaj’]q’c]h;gvqk,nxq’.lj8adskp.9g0Qk{vvd-hkM c]h;xjvp.shgfadohvpsYo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,c0’cI’0v’dhk,-Uo,n.og;]ksYoD#D dko-j;pgsnvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ksYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Numu #

91


sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[oE8qd8kfsq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[oE8qd8kfsq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[oE8qd8kfsq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[oE8qd8kfsq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[oE8qd8kf

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-nj c]t I6[rk[muj,u.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[oE8qd8kfwfh4nd8hv’D#D -j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ks^Yogd,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[oE8qd8kfG oE8qd8kfd;k’-uF oE8qd8kf7vortgra’F oE8qd8kf2koD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[oE8qd8kfG oE8qd8kfd;k’-uF oE8qd8kf7vortgra’F oE8qd8kf2koD

Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9a[76jI6[rk[mk’.o c]t mk’ovdG 4EF oE8qdF gInvomuj,uI6[fk;16jmk’.o

c]t mk’ovdD#D [qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kfD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’ oE8qd8kfD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkosYogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[oE8qd8kfD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kdsYoc]h; c]t dko-j;pgsnv\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u.ogd,@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[oE8qd8kf#D dko-j;pgsnv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ksYogd,D

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu #


(ສວສ

)

92


sq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D@D 8+[avdgxaoI6[8jk’M c]t lezaf7;k,-k c]t ]Po8q;g]dmujgIaffh;pdtfkf-kp1jk’,j;o-njoD#D c8h,I6[rk[ c]t 0Po8q;g]d W{ _ 8k,.9wfh4nd8hv’D$D gda[,hPog7njv’s^Yow;h4nd[jvomujdeoqfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’sYoF ;ymusyo8k,,5,g7njv’sYolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD@D dko8+[avdgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,9yo8tokdkoF lezaf7;k,-k c]t ]Po8q;g]dmujgIaffh;pdtfkf

-kpc8j W sk _D#D dkoc8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[ c]t 0Po8q;g]d W{ _ 8k,.9D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,g7njv’sYolezafG -5f[avd [af8q;g]dvkia[mujgIaffh;pdtfkf-kpc8j W sk _D@D ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoG l=feF l=luw,h sn lumPoF g9hpc[[I6[rk[oE8qdF g9hp0k;D#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5, c]t [qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kfD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’ oE8qd8kf xtdv[mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdko@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF.shgfadg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,g7njv’sYolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgsnvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,g7njv’sYolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD&D g;Qk7el5rk[da[\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,@D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odko8+[avdgxaoI6[8jk’MF lezaf7;k,-k c]t ]Po8q;g]dmujgIaffh;pdtfkf-kpD#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoc8h,I6[rk[ c]t 0Po8q;g]d W{ _ 8k,.9D$D dkogda[,hPog7njv’sYow;h4nd[jvomujdeoqfD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu # ,Nmu #

93


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kfsq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kfsq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kfsq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kfsq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kf


II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kfD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D [qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kfD@D mjksafdkpt[=]yskoc0o c]t 0k Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]yskoc0o c]t 0kG mjkc0ow0j;c0o-hkpF c0o-hkpw0j;c0o0;k c]t

mjk1no0kfP;pqd0k76hwxmk’sa’gvqk,ng[Nv’|bj’9a[w;hD@D .shgfadohvppjk’-ydc-d1P[glAog-nvdD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvpoaj’da[rNo76h0kF gvqk,nma’lv’7qj,rNomk’sa’F rhv,ma’lajo0k-hkM*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoltcf’mjkmk’xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D@D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu $


(ສວສ

)

94


sq;0=hG oE8qd8kfd;k’-u c]t 7vortgra’sq;0=hG oE8qd8kfd;k’-u c]t 7vortgra’sq;0=hG oE8qd8kfd;k’-u c]t 7vortgra’sq;0=hG oE8qd8kfd;k’-u c]t 7vortgra’sq;0=hG oE8qd8kfd;k’-u c]t 7vortgra’

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vdmuj8A’F 7;k,le7ao0v’oE8qd8kfd;k’-u c]t 7vortgra’wfh4nd8hv’D@D vjkovvdlP’7ela[mju,u8q;ltdqf d o ’ f [ , wfh-afg9oD#D xqdxadIadlklyj’c;f]hv,mk’me,t-kfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D muj8A’F 7;k,le7ao0v’oE8qd8kfd;k’-u c]t 7vortgra’D{ oE8qd8kfd;k’-uG oE8qd8kfd;k’-u8A’16j[hkog,nv’0kp g,nv’ c]t c0;’s^;’rt[k’S

7;k,le7aoG gxaocs^j’mjv’mjP;mk’me,t-kfD{ oE8qd8kf7vortgra’G oE8qd8kf7vortgra’8A’16j[hkomjk7=hF g,nv’30’ c0;’9exkladS

7;k,le7aoG gxaocsj’mjv’mjP;mk’me,t-kfD@D dkovjkovvdlP’7ela[mju,u8q;ltdqf d o ’ f [ ,G f6dF l6oF 96’F [6fF I6[F 96,D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D I6[rk[G oE8qd8kfd;’-u c]t 7vortgra’@D [af7ela[G f6dF l6oF 96’F [6fF I6[F 96,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[-nj0v’oE38o8kfD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[oE38o8kfF lqomtokdjP;da[muj8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’oE8qd8kf

d;k’-u c]t oE8qd8kf7vortgra’D#D okp76rkgfadohvpvjkovvdlP’7ela[mju,u8q;ltdqf d o ’ f [ ,D$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[muj8A’ c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’oE8qd8kfd;k’-u c]t 7vortgra’S

vjkovvdlP’7ela[mju,u8q;ltdqf d o ’ f [ , 7noD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoIadlk7;k,ltvkf c]t dkoxqdxadIadlklyj’c;f]hv,mk’

me,t-kfD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vdmuj8A’F 7;k,le7ao c]t dkoxqdxadIadlkoE8qd8kfd;k’-u c]t 7vortgra’D@D 7;k,-afg9ovjkovvdlP’7ela[mju,u8q;ltdqf d o ’ f [ ,D#D dkoxqdxadIadlklyj’c;f]hv,mk’me,t-kfD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu =$

95


sq;0=hG 0uf0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[sq;0=hG 0uf0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[sq;0=hG 0uf0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[sq;0=hG 0uf0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[sq;0=hG 0uf0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’

grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo.odko0uf0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[wfh4nd8hv’D@D 0uf0Polts^t lts^t V5 8k,7ela[wfh4nd8hv’D#D vqfmqo.odko0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko0uf0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[G d5 [5 x5 ]5 95 ,5 85 v5D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D l=feF 1k’]b[D@D xN,[qfg/ydsafrklk]k; gsA, @ X|hk !#? s^n g9hp0uf0uf0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[G d5 [5 x5 ]5 95 ,5

85 v5D#D [qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kfD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk[qf7e7jv’ oE8qd8kf xtdv[mjkmk’D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdf7ela[ d5 [5 x5 ]5 95 ,5 85 v5D lqomtokdjP;da[7ela[muj,ults^t V5D#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodko0uf0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[0Ao8vodko0uf0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo c]t 7;k,lk,ad7u.odkogda[,hPov5xtdvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vodko0uf0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[D#D 7;k,vqfmqo.odko0Polts^t V5 8k,7ela[D

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu $


(ສວສ

)

96


sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;p sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;p sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;p sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;p sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;p

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;pwfh4nd8hv’D@D 9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[wfh4nd8hv’D#D xvfwr.og;]ks^Yoc[[s^YoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;pD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D g-nvd2k’ c]t \kds;ufD@D ;ymusYo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76D?

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvplajo,nF \6o0=h8uo c]t \6og0qjkD@D okp76ltg|uc[[s^Yo c]t lkmyf;ymus^Yoc[[s%Yoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;pD#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;pF okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;pD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG sYoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7uF g;]kg8Ao[+.shp6hdaoF sYoc]h;vtokw,,n c]t

8uo.shltvkfD*D .shgfadohvpoaj’]q’1P[0kvvd-njc]h;.-hlv’,n[u[-hkM0Bo]q’sa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvpsYo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8yddkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0aog8Ao0hk,sh;pD#D 7;k,xvfwr.og;]ks^YoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Numu $

97


sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D vvdlP’7ela[F rtpao-tot c]t lts^tmuj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’@D ;k’8q;ltdqf d o ’ f [ , .ljlts^t V6 xtdv[gxao7ela[wfh4nd8hv’D#D c[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[G 7ela[ xuF ]uF luF fuF ouF ,uF ruG lts^t VuS rtpao-tot xF ]FlF fF oF ,F rD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd, 9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[G{czjogd,7ela[G xuF ]uF luF fuF ouF ,uF ruD{ czjogd,lts^t VuD{czjogd,rtpao-tot xF ]F lF fF oF ,F rD Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[oE8qd8kfD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[lts^tD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[7ela[F rtpao-tot c]t lts^tmuj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[7ela[Frtpao-totF lts^t c]t dkos^Yogd,9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t

lts^t8k,7ela[D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kds^Yoc]h; c]t c[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkovvdlP’7ela[F rtpao-tot c]t lts^tmuj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[D#D c[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu $


(ສວສ

)

98

dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,sq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’sq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’sq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’sq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’sq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laolaolaolaolao

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D vjkovvdlP’7ela[mju,ults^t VbF oa[I6[rk[oqd c]t [vd9eo;ooqd !@ !& !( wfh4nd8hv’D#D 0Polts^t Vb .o7ela[ c]t c8h,I6[rk[wfh4nd8hv’D$D ,u,k]tpkf.odkovjko c]t sYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao@D dkovjkovvdlP’7ela[mju,ultst VbG lb 9b fb [b ]b vb pb ,bF dkooa[I6[rk[oqd c]t [vd9e o;o !@F !&

!( 38D#D dkola’gdf c]t 0Polts^t Vb muj,u.o7ela[G lb 9b fb [b ]b vb pb ,b c]t c8h,I6[rk[oE8qd8k,c[[D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,vjkoG dtfkolP[ sn 8yfF [af7ela[G lb 9b fb [b ]b vb pb ,bF [afI6[rk[oqd 9eo;o !@ 38F !& 38F !( 38D@D ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoG l=feF l=luw,h sn lu mPoF g9hp0k;F xB,[qfg/ydsafrklk]k; gsA, @ X|hk @W? sn

g9hp7ela[G lb 9b fb [b ]b vb pb ,bF g9hpc[[I6[rk[oE8qdD#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[oE8qd8kfd;k’-u c]t 7vortgra’D@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF.shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,vjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgsnvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,vjjko c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPog7njv’sYow;h4nd[jvomujdeoqfD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G

!D dko[vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymu sYo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkovjkovvdlP’ 7ela[mju,u lts^t VbF oa[I6[rk[oqd c]t [vd9eo;ooqd !@

!& !( 38D#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko0Polts^t Vb mju,u.o7ela[$D dko,u,k]tpkf.odkovjko c]t sYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu # ,Nmu $

99


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D ltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[wfh4nd8hv’D@D -j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[G{ pqdI6[rk[4a’0UgspNv ltcf’mjkmk’4Y,0UgspNv.lj4a’D{ pqdI6[rk[8Qow,h ltcf’mjkmk’x6d8Qow,hD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D I6[rk[G 4a’0UgspNvF 8Qow,hD@D mjksafdkpt[=]yskoc0o c]t 8uo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]yskoc0o c]t 8uoG mjkpqdc0o0Bogmy’sq;cdj;’,n c]t mjk\6o7+8uoD@D gfadohvp3ff]q’1k’]qfD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpoaj’da[rNo76h0kF gvqk,nma’lv’7qj,rNomk’sa’F rhv,ma’lajo0kD*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[D(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dko-j;pgsnv\6jgrnjvo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,dkolaopkopqdI6[rk[D@D dko-j;pgsnv\6jgrnjvo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,NmuG &


(ສວສ

)

100

dyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qosq;0=hG dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qosq;0=hG dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qosq;0=hG dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qosq;0=hG dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qosq;0=hG dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qoI. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’

grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vddkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+lyj’c;f]hv,wfh4nd8hv’D@D Ihv’gr’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’wfh-afg9oD#D xt8y[af8qo8+lyj’c;f]hv,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qoD{ dkoxqdxadIadlkG -j;pdaoIadlk7;k,ltvkfF x6d8Qow,h.lj[=]yg;oxkd4E.sh0P;’k,D{ dkoxt8y[af8qoG [+me]kplyj’g;f]hv,F xt8y[af8k,dqf]t[P[0v’dkog0Qk-q,S pY,cph,c9j,

.l8hvoIa[c0dmujwxmjv’mjP;S ,u9yf.9gvNvg/Nvgrnjvczj c]t xt8y[af8qo.shlq,da[7e0;aomuj;jk ltvkfFlu0P;F lts’q[F lu;yw]F lts;jk’ltws; c]t ,ultg|jD

@D dkoIhv’gr’ Iadlklyj’g;f]hv,F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’D{ 7ela[G lyj’c;f]hv,F 4t|qoF 8Qow,hF lu0P;F lu;yw]F lts;jk’ltws;F ,qoltg|jF mjv’mjP;F ltvkfF

’k,D{ xt3spdG [hkog,nv’,u7;k,lts’q[Iqj,g1aoF s^kogsao7;k,lu;yw]F [hkog,nv’,u,qoltg|jF

g,nv’]k;,u7;k,ltvkf’k,8kF .z,k1k,[+,u;ao]n,D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo[qfgr’ Iadlklyj’g;f]hv, Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoxqdxadIadlklyj’c;f]hv,mk’me,t-kfD@D okp76rkgfadohvpIhv’gr’F lqomtokF ;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’D#D okp76lqomtokdjP;da[dkoxt8y[af8+lyj’c;f]hv,D$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+lyj’c;f]hv,S g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t

gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o0v’[qfgr’7noD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoIadlk7;k,ltvkf c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+lyj’c;f]hv,D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vddkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+lyj’c;f]hv,D@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkoIhv’gr’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’D#D dkoxt8y[af8qo8+lyj’c;f]hv,

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu =&

101


sq;0= h G c8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[sq;0= hG c8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[sq;0= hG c8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[sq;0= hG c8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[sq;0= hG c8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D c8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[.sh7hkp7nD@D g/ydxtlkflerao]ts;jk’,nda[lkp8k.sh,u7;k,7jv’c7h;D#D ,u7;k,vqfmqo.odkoc8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[.shleg]afD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoc8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D l=feF 1k’]b[F g9hp0k;D@D g9hpc[[I6[rk[me,t-kfmujc8h,c]h;D#D [qfgr’ Iadlklyj’c;f]hv,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ Iadlklyj’c;f]hv, xtdv[mjkmk’D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[me,t-kfF lqomtokdjP;da[I6[rk[me,t-kfD#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkoc8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[;ymuc8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo c]t dko-j;pgsnv\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,7hkp.odkoc8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[D@D 7;k,7jv’c7h;.odkoc8h,I6[rk[me,t-kfD#D 7;k,vqfmqo.odkoc8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[.shleg]afD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu # ,Nmu &


(ສວສ

)

102


sq;0= hG c[[s^Yo,af8km;kplP’g7n jv’fqo8usq;0= hG c[[s^Yo,af8km;kplP’g7n jv’fqo8usq;0= hG c[[s^Yo,af8km;kplP’g7n jv’fqo8usq;0= hG c[[s^Yo,af8km;kplP’g7n jv’fqo8usq;0= hG c[[s^Yo,af8km;kplP’g7n jv’fqo8u

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdko sYoc[[sYo,af8km;kplP’fqo8uwfh4nd8hv’F@D sYoc[[sYo,af8km;kplP’fqo8uwfh4nd8hv’D#D vqfmqo.og;]ks^yhoc[[s^YoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYoc[[sYo,af8km;kplP’fqo8uG lP’dv’F dtc-ad c]t clj’D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D clj’F zhkcr ! znoF dv’ c]t dtc-adD@D ;ymus^Yo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D#D [qfgr’ Iadlklyj’g;f]hv,

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ Iadlklyj’g;f]hv,D@D 76ltg|uc[[sYo c]t lkmyf;ymusYoc[[sYo,af8km;kplP’fqo8uD#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYo,af8km;kplP’fqo8uD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYoc[[sYo,af8km;kplP’fqo8uD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG s^YoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7uF 8A’.92a’lP’F vqfmqo]=4hks^Yo8k,]efa[F

sYoc]h;vtokw,8uo c]t ,n.shltvkfD*D .shgfadohvpoaj’]q’Ihv’gr’8q[,nF sa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvpsYo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkosYoc[[sYo,af8km;kplP’fqo8uD#D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]ksyhoD


103


sq;0= hG gd,]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgspNvsq;0= hG gd,]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgspNvsq;0= hG gd,]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgspNvsq;0= hG gd,]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgspNvsq;0= hG gd,]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgspNv

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,.sh4nd8hv’D@D ]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgspNvwfh4nd8hv’D#D c[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYogd,8+I6[rk[me,t-kfD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgspNvG gfadohvp-kpdyodh;pF 4Y,gxnvddh;p.lj dt8jkS

gfadohvppy’dyog0Qk|q,F 4Y,g9hps+g0Qk|q,.ljdt8jk Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[G czjogd,]Po]efa[gfadohvp-kp

dyodh;pF 4Y,gxnvddh;p.ljdt8jkS gfadohvppy’dyog0Qk|q,F 4Y,g9hps+g0Qk|q,.ljdt8jkD#D [qfgr’ Iadlklyj’g;f]hv,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ Iadlklyj’g;f]hv,D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkos^Yogd,]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko

4Y,0UgspNvD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kds^Yoc]h; c]t dkoc[j’xaoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgspNvD#D dkoc[j’xaogd,.sh\6jgrnjvoD



(ສວສ

)

104


sq;0= hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlksq;0= hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlksq;0= hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlksq;0= hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlksq;0= hG ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlk

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-nj,5, c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D@D c8h,I6[rk[F 0Polts^t Vb .o7ela[8k,c[[wfh4nd8hv’D#D ]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgsNpv c]t 9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[wfh

4nd8hv’D$D -j;pgsnv\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -nj,5,F ;ymusYo8k,,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlkD@D dkoc8h,I6[rk[me,t-kf8k,c[[ c]t la’gdf c]t 0Polts^t Vb muj,u.o7ela[G fbdF dbj’F xB,

[b’#D ]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgsNpvG gfadohvp-kpdyodh;pF 4Y,gxnvddh;p.ljdt8jkS gfadohvppy’

dyog0Qk|q,F 4Y,g9hps+g0Qk|q,.ljdt8jk c]t 9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[G 7ela[G xu ]u;u lu fu ou ,u ruD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoG dtfkolP[ sn 8yfF l=feF l=luw,h sn lumPoF g9hp0k;F [af7ela[G fbd djb’ xB, [b’F@D ,5,gd,dkolbdlkG czjogd,]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgsNpvG gfadohvp-kpdyodh;pF

4Y,gxnvddh;p.ljdt8jkS gfadohvppy’dyog0Qk|q,F 4Y,g9hps+g0Qk|q,.ljdt8jk c]t czjogd,9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t ltst8k,7ela[G xu ]u ;u lu fu ou ,u ruF ltst VuF rtpao-tot x ] ; l f o , rD

#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5, c]t [qfgr’ Iadlklyj’c;f]hv,DIVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo

!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ Iadlklyj’c;f]hv, xtdv[mjkmk’8k,yo8tokdko@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF.shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0Qk,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlkD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgsnvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,ly]txtlhk’lao c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlkD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dko-j;pgsnv\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoc8h,I6[rk[ c]t 0Polts^t Vb mju,u.o7ela[D#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko8+I6[rk[ c]t ;k’8q;ltdqf.ljlts^txtdv[gxao7ela[D$D dko-j;pgsnv\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu # ,Nmu &

105

95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu $95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu $95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu $95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu $95fxtlq’le]a[vkmyfmu $


!D ltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qf7e7jv’F [qfgr’wfh4nd8hv’D@D ltcf’mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’1jk’,j;o-njoD#D ltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfwfh4nd8hv’D$D vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D&D g;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD*D dhkltcf’vvd.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D


!D [vdlt4komujle7ao8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0Bowfh4nd8hv’D@D g]qjk7e7jv’F g;Qkgxao7ela[F gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qf7jv’F [qfgr’F I6[rk[wfh-afg9oD#D [vdI6[lujc9 c]t ;q’,qowfh4nd8hv’D$D [vdmuj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlkmkfs^;’;P’9aoF ;afr6luF mkfvu’Ia’F ;afr69exklad

wfh4nd8hv’D&D xt8y[af8qo8+lt4komujle7aoD*D Ihv’gr’xtdv[mjkmk’wfh4nd8hv’D(D vjko8q;g]d]k; c]t g]dvkia[9kdg’yoG .[&WW du[ c]t .[ !WWW du[wfh4nd8hv’D)D vjkovvdlP’7ela[mujxtlq,da[lts^t Vt V6 wfh-afg9oD


!D [vd0Ao8vodko8yfg9hp,5jo.ljmkfs^;’F dkora[lugxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9F dkogxqjklugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9wfh4nd8hv’D

@D 8yfg9hp,5jo.ljI6[rk[mkfs^;’ c]t mkluI6[mkfs^;’.shltvkf9q[’k,D#D ,u7;k,lk,ad7uF c[j’xaog7njv’.-h da[\6jgrnjvoD$D ,u7;k,7jv’c7h;.odkomklu c]t 1vflugxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9D&D ra[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9.sh7hkp7n c]t ltvkf9q[’k,D gxqjklugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M.sh7hkp7nF

1vflugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9wfh7hkp7nD*D g/ydlk,tmy.og;]kgxqjkluD(D ,u7;k,vqfmqo.odko1vflu.shgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9.shleg]afD


(ສວສ

)

106


!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dk8ydkdkosYoc[[sYo]6j]ujg0QklkoFc[[sYory,I6[8jk’Mfh;pfyo-kpsYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQkF syhoc[[sYo8es^;f9a[39o c]t sYoc[[sYoxjPolqj’fvdw,hD

@D s^Yoc[[s^Yo]6j]ujg0QklkoF s^Yofyo-kpG xAo-kpgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9F s^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQkF syhoc[[sYo8es^;f9a[39o c]t sYoc[[sYoxjPolqj’fvdw,h wfh4nd8hv’D

#D vqfmqo.og;]ksyhoc[[sYoD$DDDDD -j;pgsnvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ksYoD&D g[ud[ko,j;o-nnjo.og;]ksYoD


!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D I6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]adS 9a[76jI6[rk[8q;g]d8k,]efa[mujdeoqfS 9a[76jI6[rk[0q;8k,c[[

wfh4nd8hv’#D 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfS ;afwfh4nd8hv’D$D gda[,hPoczjogd,&D 7;k,lk,ad7u.og;]ks^Yogd,*D g;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD(D -j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ks^Yogd,D


!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 8+I6[xtdv[gxaoI6[8jk’M8k,9yo8tokdkoF 8+I6[g]0k7toyfxtdv[gxaoI6[mkf8k,c[[wfh4nd8hv’D#D 8yfg9hpgxaoI6[rk[mkfs;’F gxqjklu.shgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,9yo8totdkoF ra[lugxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9F

1vflugxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9wfh4nd8hv’D$D vjko8k,I6[rk[G mkfs^;’;P’9aoF ;afr69exkladF ;afr6lu16jc0;’s^;’rt[k’F mkfvu’Ia’

16jc0;’lts;aootg0fF vjko7ela[muj,ults^t Vb c]t 8q;ltdqfF vjko7e0a;o * l= wfh-afg9oD&D 9a[76jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]adS 9a[76jI6[rk[8q;g]d8k,]efa[mujdeoqfS 9a[76jI6[rk[I6[-q’0q;

8k,c[[S 9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[wfh4nd8hv’D*D gda[,hPog7njv’s^Yow;gxao]t[P[ c]t 4nd[jvomujdeoqfw;hD(D g;Qk7emujl5rk[8+da[\6jgrnjvo.og;]ks^YoD)D c[j’xaog7njv’s^Yo.sh\6jgrnjvo.og;]ks^YoD_D -j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ks^YoD

107


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qfgr’ Iadlkly j’c;f]hv,sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qfgr’ Iadlkly j’c;f]hv,sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qfgr’ Iadlkly j’c;f]hv,sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qfgr’ Iadlkly j’c;f]hv,sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qfgr’ Iadlkly j’c;f]hv,

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D ltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’wfh4nd8hv’D@D vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’ Iadlklyj’c;f]hv,D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D dv’D@D [qfgr’ Iadlklyj’gg;f]hv,D#D mjksafdkpt[=]ysko0k c]t cv; Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko0k c]t cv;G mjk\6osq;g0qjk c]t mjk|6ocv;wxvhv,Iv[D@D .shgfadohvppjk’g1j’g1h8k,glAo-njIadlk7;k,mjP’D#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvpoaj’0aflt\kfs^a[8klt,kmyD*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’D(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’D@D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu !


(ສວສ

)

108


sq;0= hG lt4komujle7ao8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0Bosq;0= hG lt4komujle7ao8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0Bosq;0= hG lt4komujle7ao8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0Bosq;0= hG lt4komujle7ao8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0Bosq;0= hG lt4komujle7ao8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0Bo

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vdlt4komujle7ao8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0Bowfh4nd8hv’D@D g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[wfh4nd8hv’D#D [vdI6[lujc9 c]t ;q’,qowfh4nd8hv’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D lt4komujle7ao8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0BoG mkfs^;’;P’9aoF ;afr6luF mkfvu’Ia’ c]t ;afr69exkladD@D g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[G rtmkfs^;’16jot7vos^;’;P’9aoF ;afr616jc0;’9exkladF ;afr6lu

16jc0;’s^;’rt[k’F mkfvu’Ia’16jc0;’lts;aootg0fD#D I6[g]0k7toyfG I6[lujc9F ;q’,qoD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvoI6[rk[G mkfs^;’F ;afr6luF mkfvu’Ia’F ;afr69exkladF 0q;F ;afD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[lt4komujle7ao8jk’Mmujgfadohvpg7upwxD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F lqomtokdjP;da[lt4komuj8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0BoD#D okp76rkgfadohvpg;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[D$D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[0q; c]t ;af c]h;[vdlyj’mujgxaoI6[lujc9 c]t I6[;q’,qoD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[lt4komuj8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0Bo c]t g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[7noD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkog7qk]q[oa[4nlt4komujle7aomk’r5fmtlklt|kD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vdlt4komujle7ao8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0BoD@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkog;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[D#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vdI6[lujc9 c]t ;q’,qo

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu !

109


sq;0=hG 8yfg9hp,jj 5o.ljI6[mkf8k,c[[sq;0=hG 8yfg9hp,jj 5o.ljI6[mkf8k,c[[sq;0=hG 8yfg9hp,jj 5o.ljI6[mkf8k,c[[sq;0=hG 8yfg9hp,jj 5o.ljI6[mkf8k,c[[sq;0=hG 8yfg9hp,jj 5o.ljI6[mkf8k,c[[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vodko8yfg9hp,5jo.ljmkf8k,c[[wfh4nd8hv’D@D 8yfg9hp,5jo.ljI6[rk[mkf8k,c[[.shltvkf9q[’k,D#D ,u7;k,lk,ad7uda[\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko8yfg9hp,jj5o.ljI6[mkf8k,c[[D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D g9hpI6[rk[mkfF g9hp,5jo c]t I6[rk[mkfmuj8yfc]h;D@D dk;leg]afI6[ sn dk;g0Qk|P;8Q,D#D -k,oEF lt[6 c]t zhkg-af,nD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpgfadohvplajo,nF g[afoY;,ngmnjv]toY;D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[mkfs^;’F lqomtokdjP;da[I6[Ijk’ c]t 0Ao8vodko8yfg9hp,5jo

.ljI6[rk[mkfs^;’D#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodko8yfg9hp,5jo.ljI6[rk[mkfs^;’D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[0Ao8vodko8yfg9hp,5jo.ljI6[rk[mkfs^;’D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo c]t 7;k,lk,ad7u\6jgrnjvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo8yfg9hp,5jo.ljI6[rk[mkf8k,c[[D@D 7;k,9q[’k,.odko8yfg9hp,5jo.ljI6[rk[mkf8k,c[[D#D 7;k,lk,ad7uda[\6jgrnjvoD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu !


(ສວສ

)

110


sq;0=h G c[[s^Yo]6j]u jg0Qklkosq;0=h G c[[s^Yo]6j]u jg0Qklkosq;0=h G c[[s^Yo]6j]u jg0Qklkosq;0=h G c[[s^Yo]6j]u jg0Qklkosq;0=h G c[[s^Yo]6j]u jg0Qklko

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[syho]6j]ujg0qhklkowfh4nd8hv’D@D s^Yoc[[s^Yo]6j]ujg0Qklkowfh4nd8hv’D#D g[ud[ko,j;o-njo.og;]ks^YoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkos^Yoc[[s^Yo]6j]ujg0QklkoD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D 7e7jv’ ]6j]jug0Qklko@D ;ymus^Yo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvp8q[,nwx0hk’-hkp{0hk’0;k c]t gmy’sq;D@D okp76ltg|u c]t lkmyf;ymusYoc[[sYo]6j]ujg0QklkoD#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYo]6j]ujg0QklkoF okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYoc[[sYo]6j]ujg0QklkoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG s^YoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7uF s^Yoc]h;vtokw,8uo c]t ,n .shltvkf*D gfadohvpgIafmjkmk’oqdwdj[yo-hkMsa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvpsyho8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkosYoc[[sYo]6j]ujg0QklkoD#D 7;k,g[ud[ko,j;o-njoD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu !

111


sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]adsq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]adsq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]adsq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]adsq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]ad

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D 9a[76jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]adwfh4nd8hv’D#D g;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko9a[76jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]adG I6[rk[;afda[;q’,qoF gInvoda[lujc9F mkfda[lk,c9D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,9a[76jI6[rk[;afda[;q’,qoF gInvoda[lujc9F mkfda[ lk,c9D Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,]Po]efa[dkoxt8y[af8qo.odko4Y,0UgspNvG gfadohvp-kpdyodh;pF 4Y,gxnvd

dh;p.ljdt8jk c]t gfadohvppy’dyog0Qk|q,F 4Y,g9hps+g0Qk|q,.ljdt8jkD#D [qfgr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aoD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aoD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkosYogd,9a[76jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]ad8k,

mujdeoqfD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,s^a’9kds^Yoc]h; c]t dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[

\6jgrnjvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]adD#D dkog;Qk7el5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

\j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu !


(ສວສ

)

112


sq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,vjkosq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,vjko

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 8+I6[xtdv[gxaoI6[8jk’M8k,9yo8tokdko1jk’,j;o-njoD#D vjko8k,I6[rk[ c]t vjkovvdlP’7ela[muj,ults^t Vb c]t 8q;ltdqfwfh4nd8hv’D$D c[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j6grnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’sYoF ;ymusYo8k,,5,g7njv’sYolezaf c]t ,5,vjko@D dko8+I6[lujc9F ;q’,qoF xtdv[gxaoI6[0q;F sqomk’F 8Qow,hS 8+I6[;q’,qoF lk,c9F lujc9

xtdv[gxaoI6[8jk’M 8k,9yo8tokdkoD#D dkola’gdfF vjko8k,I6[rk[mkfs^;’;P’9aoF ;afr69exkladF ;afr6lu 16jc0;’s^;’rt[k’F

mkfvu’Ia’16jc0;’lts;aootg0fF vjkovvdlP’7ela[muj,u lts^t Vb c]t 8q;ltdqfG fbd dbj’ xB,[b’D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,g7njv’sYolezafG g9hpc0’8afgxaoI6[lujc9F lk,c9 c]t ;q’,qoD@D ,5,vjkoG dtfkolP[ s^n 8yfF I6[rk[mkfs^;’;P’9aoF ;afr69exkladF ;afr6luF mkfvu’Ia’D

[af7ela[G fbd dbj’ xB, [b’D#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[lt4komujle7ao8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0BoD@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF .shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0Qk,5,g7njv’sYolezaf c]t ,5,vjkoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgsnvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,g7njv’sYolezaf c]t ,5,vjkoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoc[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j6grnjvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odko8+I6[xtdv[gxaoI6[8jk’M8k,9yo8tokdkoD#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkovjko8k,I6[rk[ c]t vjkovvdlP’7ela[muj,ults^t Vb c]t 8q;ltdqfD$D dkoc[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j6grnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu !

113




II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfG oq[ws;hmkfs^;’F pjk’;PomPovhv,mkfs^;’D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvomjksafdkpt[=]yskocv; c]t 0k Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko cv; c]t 0kG mjkg[afcv;wx0hk’-hkp{0;k c]t mjk1noD 0kfP;

pqd0k76hg0Qkwxmk’sa’gvqk,ng[Nv’sa’9a[w;hD@D .shgfadohvppjk’31j’31tgxaoc4;-njD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfD$D .shgfadxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpovos’kpsa[8kF ;kc0ovvdrhv,ma’9jk’0k*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfD(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfD@D dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu @


(ສວສ

)

114


sq;0=hG sq;0=hG sq;0=hG sq;0=hG sq;0=hG mkfs^;’;P’9aomkfs^;’;P’9aomkfs^;’;P’9aomkfs^;’;P’9aomkfs^;’;P’9ao

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vdmuj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+mkfs^;’;P’9aowfh4nd8hv’D@D Ihv’gr’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’wfh-afg9oD#D xt8y[af8qo8+lt4komujle7ao0v’-kfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D muj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+mkfs^;’;P’9aoD{ muj8A’G mkfs^;’;P’9ao8A’16j[hkomkfs^;’g|nvF g,nv’w-g-f4kF ot7vos^;’;P’9aoD{ 7;k,le7aoG ,umkfs;’gxao[jvomjv’mjP;F gxao[jvoladdk]t[6-kF r=g4y’gfnvo !@ gra’0Bo !& 7O

;aomk’lklt|k0v’m5dMxugryjowfhgIaf[5oltgs^u,lts^v’grnjv.shc0drkp.o c]t 8jk’xtgmfg0Qk,kmjv’mjP; c]t laddk]t[6-kD

{ dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qoG dkoxqdxadIadlkG -j;pdaoIadlk7;k,ltvkfF x6d8Qow,hsn sphk.lj[=]yg;ogfujo.sh0P;’k,S dkoxt8y[af8qoG [+me]kplyj’gg;f]hv,F xt8y[af8k,dqf]t[P[0v’dkog0Qk-q,S pY,cph,c9j,.l8hvoIa[c0dmujwxmjv’mjP;S ,u9yf.9 gvNvg/Nvgrnjvczj c]txt8y[af8qo.shlq,da[ 7e0;aomuj;jkG ltvkfF lu0P;F lts’q[F lu;yw]F lts;jk’ltws; c]t ,ultg|jD

@D dkoIhv’gr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aoF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’G{ 7ela[G mkfs^;’F ot7vos^;’;P’9aoF -q,g-upF lts^v’F gfnvoly[lv’gra’D{ xt3spdG mkfs;’8A’16j.9dk’0v’ot7vos;’;P’9aoF mkfs;’;P’9aogxao,yj’0a;o0v’mqj;3]dkF

gryjogIaf[5omkfs;’DIIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo

I6[rk[ mkfs^;’F [qfgr’ mkfs^;’;P’9ao Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?DIVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo

!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;mkfs;’;P’9aomujgfadohvpg7upgsaoD@D okp76rkgfadohvpIhv’gr’F lqomtokF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’D#D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[mkfs^;’F lqomtokdjP;da[muj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk

c]tdkoxt8y[af8+mkfs^;’D $D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodkoxt8y[af8qo8+mkfs^;’ c]t g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’7noD &D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoxt8y[af8qo c]t dkoxqdxadIadlklt4komujle7ao0v’-kfD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vdmuj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[qf8qo8+mkfs;’;P’9aoD@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkoIhv’gr’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qfgr’D#D dkoxt8y[af8qo8+lt4komujle7ao0v’-kfD

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu @

115


sq;0= hG mkluI6[rk[mkfs^;’sq;0= hG mkluI6[rk[mkfs^;’sq;0= hG mkluI6[rk[mkfs^;’sq;0= hG mkluI6[rk[mkfs^;’sq;0= hG mkluI6[rk[mkfs^;’

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D mkluI6[mkfs^;’.shltvkf9q[’k,D@D ,u7;k,7jv’c7h;.odkomkluD#D c[j’xaog7njv’.-h.sh\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkomkluI6[rk[mkfs^;’D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D I6[mkfs^;’ c]t I6[rk[I6[mkfmujmkluc]h;D@D l=luw,h s^n lumPoD#D [qfgr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aoD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ mkfs^;’;P’9ao xtdv[mjkmk’D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[mkfs^;’F lqomtokdjP;da[lu0v’mkfs^;’D#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkomkluI6[mkfs^;’D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[dkomkluI6[rk[mkfs^;’D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoc[j’xao c]t dko-j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,ltvkf9q[’k,.odkomkluI6[rk[mkfs^;’D@D 7;k,7jv’c7h;.odko.-h,n.og;]kmkluD#D dkoc[j’xaog7njv’.-h.sh\6jgrnjvoD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu @


(ສວສ

)

116


sq;0= hG c[[s^Yory,I6[rk[8jk’Mfh;pfyo-kpsq;0= hG c[[s^Yory,I6[rk[8jk’Mfh;pfyo-kpsq;0= hG c[[s^Yory,I6[rk[8jk’Mfh;pfyo-kpsq;0= hG c[[s^Yory,I6[rk[8jk’Mfh;pfyo-kpsq;0= hG c[[s^Yory,I6[rk[8jk’Mfh;pfyo-kp

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG !D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYory,I6[rk[8jk’Mfh;pfyo-kpwfh4nd8hv’D @D g/yd7;k,c0’cI’0v’dhk,-Uo,nD #D -j;pgsnvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ksYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkosYoc[[sYory,I6[rk[8jk’Mfh;pfyo-kpD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ;ymusYo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D@D gr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aoD#D oEmujltvkfF zhkg-af,nF fyo-kpF -;hkoohvpF c,jry, c[[I6[8jk’MD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ mkfs^;’;P’9ao xtdv[mjkmk’D@D okp76ltg\uc[[sYo c]t lkmyf;ymusYoc[[sYory,I6[rk[8jk’Mfh;pfyo-kpD#D .shgfadohvpsYofyo-kpG xAogxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9F okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYoc[[sYory,I6[rk[8jk’Mfh;pfyo-kpD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG ]t,af]t;a’[+.shs;jkofyog0Qk8kdaoF [+pkfg7njv’sYodaoF sYoc]h; vtokw,,nF

8uo.shltvkf c]t gda[,hPov5xtdvo-j;pdaoD*D .shgfadohvpoaj’]q’g]qjk7e7jv’rhv,ma’8q[,nF sa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvpsYo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,c0’cI’0v’dhk,-Uo,n.og;]ksYoD#D dko-j;pgsnvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ksYoD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu @

117


sq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfsq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfsq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfsq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfsq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfI. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’

grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,Dwfh4nd8hv’@D 9a[76jmuj7bdaoI6[rk[mkfwfh4nd8hv’D#D -j;pgsn^v\6jgrnjvo.og;]ks^Yogd,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfG mkfs^;’F mkfvu’Ia’ c]t mkfr6luD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo { dkolvolnjdkoIPo { dkolvolnjdkoIPo { dkolvolnjdkoIPo { dkolvolnjdkoIPo { dkolvo!D czjogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfG mkfs^;’F mkfvu’Ia’ c]t mkfr6luD Xle]a[okp76 c]t

gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjkgd, 9a[76jI6[rk[G ;afda[;q’,qoF gInvoda[lujc9F mkfda[lk,c9D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo { dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo { dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo { dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo { dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo { dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[lt4komujle7ao8jk’Mmuj7qolhk’0BoD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgsnvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkosYogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kdsYoc]h; c]t dko-j;pgsnv\6jgrnjv.og;]k

sYogd,D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfD#D dko-j;pgsnv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ksYogd,D

\j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu @


(ສວສ

)

118


sq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’sYo c]t ;ymusYo8k,,5,D@D 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkf c]t 9a[76jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]adwfh4nd8hv’D#D mkluI6[rk[ c]t 8yfg9hp,5jogxaoI6[rk[wfh4nd8hv’D$D -j;pgsnv\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’sYoF ;ymusYo8k,,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao@D dko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfG mkfs^;’F mkfvu’Ia’ c]t mkfr6lu c]t dko9a[76jI6[rk[lyj’

x5dlhk’da[laopt]adD#D mkluI6[rk[mkfs^;’ c]t 8yfg9hp,5jogxaoI6[rk[mkfs^;’D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,gd,dkolbdlkG czjogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfG mkfs^;’F mkfvu’Ia’ c]t mkfr6lu c]t

dko9a[76jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]ad8k,]efa[mujdeoqfG I6[rk[;afda[;q’,qoF gInvoda[lujc9Fmkfda[lk,c9D

@D ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoG dtfkolP[ s^n 8yfF l=luw,h s^n lumPoF g9hp,5joF dk;F g9hpI6[rk[mkfs^;’Fg9hpc[[8yfI6[rk[mkfs^;’D

#D [aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5, c]t [qfgr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aoD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aoD@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF .shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgs^nvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yo8k,,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dko-j;pgs^nv\j6grnjvo.og;]ks^YoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkf c]t 9a[76jI6[rk[lyj’x5dlhk’da[laopt]adD#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkomkluI6[rk[ c]t 8yfg9hp,5jo.ljI6[rk[mkfs^;’D$D dko-j;pgsnv\j6grnjvo.og;]ksYoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu @

119


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qfgr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aosq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qfgr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aosq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qfgr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aosq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qfgr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aosq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[[qfgr’ mkfs^;’;P’9ao

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D ltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’wfh4nd8hv’D@D vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aoD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D dv’D@D [qfgr’ mkfs^;’;P’9aoD#D mjksafdkpt[=]yskoc0o c]t 0k Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko c0o c]t 0kG ;kc0ovvdl6’rP’da[[jkwsjF gvqk,nma’lv’g[Nv’

w0j;dao16jmk’|hk c]t mjk31j’31t0k]q’D@D .shgfadohvppjk’gvqk8uo]q’xjv’8k\jk’g-nvdD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvppjk’-hkMwx{,k8k,lt[kp*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’D(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,okp76vvdc[[xtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’D@D 7;k,vqfmqo.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu #


(ສວສ

)

120

dyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qosq;0=hG ;afr6lusq;0=hG ;afr6lusq;0=hG ;afr6lusq;0=hG ;afr6lusq;0=hG ;afr6lu

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vdmuj8A’F 7;k,le7ao c]t dkoxqdxadIadlk;afr6luwfh4nd8hv’D@D g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[wfh-afg9oD#D xt8y[af8qo8+lt4komujle7ao0v’-kfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=! muj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qoG{ muj8A’G ;afr6lu8A’16j[hkoxjk0k, g,nv’ c]t c0;’s^;’rt[k’D{ 7;k,le7aoG ,uzklkfgIaffh;pdhvosuogxaogvdt]adF ,urtr5fmtI6[gxao[jvoladdk]t[6-kF

gxao[jvomjv’mjP;F gxaocsj’lbdlk0=h,6o7;k,I6hmk’fhkoxts;aflkf c]t gxaog,nv’,=]tfqd3]dD{ dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qoG dkoxqdxadIadlkG -j;pdaoIadlk7;k,ltvkfF x6d8Qow,h

sn sphk.lj[=]yg;ogfujo.sh0P;’k,S dkoxt8y[af8qoG [+me]kplyj’c;f]hv,F xt8y[af8k,dqf]t[P[0v’dkog0Qk-q,S pY,cph,c9j,.l8hvoIa[c0dmujwxmjv’mjP;S ,u9yf.9gvNvg/Nvgrnjvczj c]txt8y[af8qo.shlq,da[7e0;aomuj;jkG ltvkfF lu0P;F lts’q[F lu;yw]F lts;jk’ltws; c]t ,ultg|jD

@D g;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[G xtlkfgIaffh;pdhvosuoF gfadohvpx6dsphkF vhkprkc0dwxmjP;;afr6luD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvoI6[rk[G ;afr6luF xtlkfgIaffh;pdhvosuoF gfadohvpx6dsphkF z6hoemjP;rkc0dwxmjP;;afr6luD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[;afr6lumujgfadohvpg7upgsaoD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[;afr6luF lqomtokdjP;da[muj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t

dkoxt8y[af8qoD#D okp76rkg;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[D$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[muj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk;afr6luD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[xt8y[af8qo c]t dkoxqdxadIadlklt4komujle7ao0v’-kfD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vdmuj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+;afr6luD@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkog;Qkgxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[#D dkoxt8y[af8qo8+lt4komujle7ao0v’-kfD

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu #

121


sq;0= hG ra[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9sq;0= hG ra[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9sq;0= hG ra[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9sq;0= hG ra[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9sq;0= hG ra[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo.odkora[lugxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9wfh4nd8hv’D@D ra[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9.sh7hkp7n c]t ltvkf9q[’k,D#D ,u7;k,lk,ad7uda[\6jgrnjvoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkora[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D g9hp0k;F luoE c]t g9hpI6[rk[ra[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’MD@D -k,oEF lt[6 c]t zhkg-af,nD#D [qf7e7jv’ ]tf6c]h’DDDDD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk[qf7e7jv’ ]tf6c]h’ xtdv[mjkmk’D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfg9hpI6[rk[ra[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’MF lqomtokdjP;da[-nj c]t 0Ao8vodko

ra[luD#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkora[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’koF g;Qk7nodjP;da[0Ao8vodkora[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,lk,ad7u c]t dko-j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vodkora[lugxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9D@D 7;k,7hkp7n c]t 7;k,ltvkf9q[’k,.odkora[lugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9D#D 7;k,lk,ad7uda[\6jgrnjvoD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu #


(ສວສ

)

122


sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQk sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQk sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQk sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQk sq;0=hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQk

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’ grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG !D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQkwfh4nd8hv’D @D s^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQkwfh4nd8hv’D #D vqfmqo.og;]ksyhoc[[sYoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8= dkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQkD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D cdh;oEF dv’F [h;’mujgIaffh;pg9hp sn gIaffh;pzhkD@D ;ymus^Yo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvp7Ecv;g8Ao0BoF ]q’16jda[mujD@D okp76ltg|uc[[s^Yo c]t lkmyf;ymus^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQkD#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQkF okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQkD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG sYoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7uD ]t,af]t;a’.og;]k3po[h;’[+sh]Q,F s^Yo

c]h;vtokw,,nF 8uo.shltvkf c]t gda[,hPov5xtdvo-j;pdaoD*D .shgfadohvp7Ecv;oaj’]q’F ]5d0Bosa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvpsYo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0ao3po[h;’.ljgxQkD#D 7;k,vqfmqo.odkos^yhoD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu #

123


sq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[;afsq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[;afsq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[;afsq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[;afsq;0=hG gd,9a[76jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[;af

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[;afwfh4nd8hv’D#D dko-j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ks^Yogd,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[;afG ;afr69exkladF ;afrtcdh;F ;af-P’mv’D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[;afG ;afr69exkladF ;afrtcdh;F ;af-P’mv’ Xle]a[okp76 c]t

gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[mkfG mkfs^;’F mkfvy’Ia’F mkfr6luD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[7e0;ao * lD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkos^Yogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[;afD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kdsYoc]h; c]t dko-j;pgsnv\6jgrnjv.og;]k

sYogd,D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jI6[rk[;afD#D dko-j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvo.og;]ks^Yogd,D

\j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu #


(ສວສ

)

124


sq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlksq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlksq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlksq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlksq;0=hG ,5,vjko c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlk

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D@D vjko7e0;ao * l c]t vjko8k,I6[rk[wfh4nd8hv’D#D 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[;af c]t 9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[wfh4nd8hv’D$D g;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\j6grnjvo.og;]ks^YoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’sYoF ;ymusYo8k,,5,vjko c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlk@D dkola’gdfF vjko7e0;ao * lG ! l= ltvkfF @ l= lt s’q[F # l lts;jk’F $ l= lu 0P;F & l =ltg|jF

* l= lu;y w] c]t vjko8k,I6[rk[G mkfs^;’;P’9aoF ;afr6luF mkfvu’Ia’ c]t ;afr69exkladD#D 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[;afG ;afr69exkladF ;afrtcdh;F ;af-P’mv’ c]t 9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t ltst

Vu 8k,7ela[G ]u ;u lu fu ou ru ,uDIIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo

!D ,5,vjkoG dtfkolP[ s^n 8yfD [af7e0;ao * l=G ! l ltvkfF @ l= lts’q[F # l= lts;jk’F $ l= lu0P;F & l= ltg|jF * l= lu;yw]D I6[rk[G mkfs;’;P’9aoF ;afr6luF mkfvu’Ia’ c]t ;afr69exkladD

@D ,5,gd,dkolbdlkG czjogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[;afG ;afr69exkladF ;afrtcdh;F ;af-P’mv’ c]tczjogd,9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t Vu 8k,7ela[D

#D [aflaopt]adg0Qks^Yo8k,,5,DIVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo

!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[;afr6luD@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF .shgfadohvpg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,vjko c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlkD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgs^nvD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yo8k,,5,vjko c]t ,5,gd,dkolbdlkD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\j6grnjvo.og;]ks^YoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkovjko7e0;ao * l c]t vjko8k,I6[rk[D#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[;af c]t 9a[76jrtpao-tot c]t lts^t8k,7ela[D$D dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\j6grnjvo.og;]ks^YoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu #

125




II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfG oq[ws;hmkfvy’Ia’F oq[ws;h z6h.spjFoaj’lt,kmyD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvomjksafdkpt[=]ysko0k c]t cv; Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]ysko0k c]t cv;G mjk\6osq;g0qjk c]t mjkmhv’F sa’D@D .shgfadohvpg8Ao0kfP;g0Qk;q’,qoD#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfD$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvpoaj’1Pf0kwxmk’|hkF 9jk’0kvvdF dQ,]q’gvqk,n9a[xkp8uoD*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfD(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoltcf’mjkmk’gxaoz6hoe{z6hxt8y[af8k, 8k,okp76deoqfD@D dkog;Qk7emujl5rk[da[\6jgrnjvoD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqkF vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu $


(ສວສ

)

126

dyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qosq;0=hG mkfvu’Ia’sq;0=hG mkfvu’Ia’sq;0=hG mkfvu’Ia’sq;0=hG mkfvu’Ia’sq;0=hG mkfvu’Ia’

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vdmuj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+mkfvu’Ia’wfh4nd8hv’D@D Ihv’gr’xtdv[mjkmk’wfh4nd8hv’D#D vjko8q;g]dvkia[9kdg’yoG .[ &WW du[ c]t .[ !WWW du[wfh4nd8hv’D$D xt8y[af8qo8+lt4komujle7ao0v’-kfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D muj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+mkfvu’Ia’G{ muj8A’G mkfvu’Ia’8A’16j[hkomkfvu’Ia’F g,nv’wdlvoF c0;’lts;aootg0fD{ 7;k,le7aoG ,u;afF ,urtr5fmtI6[gxao[jvoladdk]t[6-k c]t g7qk]q[oa[4n 0v’xt-k-qoD{ dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qoG dkoxqdxadIadlkG -j;pdaoIadlk7;k,ltvkfF x6d8Qow,h

s^n sphk.lj[=]yg;ogfujo.sh0P;’k,S dkoxt8y[af8qoG [+me]kplyj’c;f]hv,F xt8y[af8k,dqf]t[P[0v’dkog0Qk-q,S pY,cph,c9j,.l8hvoIa[c0dmujwxmjv’mjP;S ,u9yf.9gvNvg/Nvgrnjvczjc]txt8y[af8qo.shlq,da[7e0;aomuj;jk ltvkfF lu0P;F lts’q[F lu;yw]F lts;jk’ltws; c]t,ultg|jD

@D dkoIhv’gr’ mkfvu’Ia’ xtdv[mjkmk’D#D dkovjko8q;g]dvkia[9kdg’yoG .[ &WW du[ c]t.[ !WWW du[D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D I6[rk[ mkfvu’Ia’S [qfgr’ mkfvu’Ia’ Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D@D g’yo.[ &WW du[F .[ !WWW du[D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[mkfvu’Ia’mujgfadohvpg7upgsaoD@D okp7rkgfadohvpIhv’gr’xtdv[mjkmk’D#D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[mkfvu’Ia’F lqomtokdjP;da[muj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk

c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+mkfvu’Ia’D$D .shgfadohvpla’gdf8q;g]d.og’yo.[ &WW du[ c]t .[ !WWW du[F vjkog]dvkia[9kdg’yoD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[muj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadmkfvu’Ia’ c]t vjkog]dvkia[

9kdg’yo.[ &WW du[ c]t.[ !WWW du[ 7noD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[xt8y[af8qo8+lt4komujle7ao c]t dkovto5]adIadlkg’yodu[]k;D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vdmuj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+mkfvu’Ia’D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkovjkog]dvkia[9kdg’yoG .[ &WW du[ c]t .[ !WWWD#D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkoIhv’gr’xtdv[mjkmk’D$D dkoxt8y[af8qo8+lt4komujle7ao0v’-kfD

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu $

127


sq;0= hG gxq jklu.shgxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9sq;0= hG gxq jklu.shgxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9sq;0= hG gxq jklu.shgxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9sq;0= hG gxq jklu.shgxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9sq;0= hG gxq jklu.shgxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0AodkogxqjklugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9wfh4nd8hv’D@D gxqjklugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M.sh7hkp7nD#D g/ydlk,tmy.og;]kgxqjkluD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkogxqjklu.shgxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D g9hp0k;F luoEF m+f6fF g9hpI6[rk[gxqjkluD@D -k,oEF lt[6 c]t zhkg-af,nD#D [qfgr’ mkfvu’Ia’D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ mkfvu’Ia’ xtdv[mjkmk’D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfg9hpI6[rk[gxqjkluF lqomtokdjP;da[-njI6[rk[D#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodkogxqjklugxaoI6[rk[8k,.9D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[0Ao8vodkogxqjklugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo c]t dko-j;pgs^nv\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t maflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0AodkogxqjklugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9D@D 7;k,7hkp7n.odkogxqjklugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9D#D lk,tmy.og;]kgxqjkluD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu $


(ສວສ

)

128


sq;0= hG c[[s^Yo8es^;f9a[39osq;0= hG c[[s^Yo8es^;f9a[39osq;0= hG c[[s^Yo8es^;f9a[39osq;0= hG c[[s^Yo8es^;f9a[39osq;0= hG c[[s^Yo8es^;f9a[39o

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosyhoc[[sYo8es^;f9a[39owfh4nd8hv’@D s^yhoc[[s^Yo8es^;f9a[39owfh4nd8hv’D#D g[ud[ko,j;o-njo.og;]ks^YoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8= dkos^Yoc[[s^Yo8es^;f9a[39oD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D lkfx6 c]t fvdw,hD@D gr’ mkfvu’Ia’#D ;ymus^Yo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ mkfvu’Ia’ xtdv[mjkmk’D@D okp76ltg|uc[[s^Yo c]t lkmyf;ymus^Yoc[[s^Yo8es^;f9a[39oD#D .shgfadohvpsYoc[[sYo8es^;f9a[39oF okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYoc[[sYo8es;f9a[39oD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG sYoIj;,daofh;p7;k,lk,ad7uF ,ult8y]t;a’8q;[+.sh]Q,.og;]kg8Ao0hk,1k’F

vqfmqo]=4hks^Yo8k,]efa[F s^Yoc]h;vtokw,,nF 8uo.shltvkfD*D .shgfadohvp1no8q[,nIhv’gr’ sa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvps^Yo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkos^yhoc[[s^Yo8es^;f9a[39oD#D 7;k,g[ud[ko,j;o-njo.og;]ks^YoD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu $

129


sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[8q;g]d8k,]efa[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[8q;g]d8k,]efa[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[8q;g]d8k,]efa[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[8q;g]d8k,]efa[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jI6[8q;g]d8k,]efa[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D 9a[76jI6[8q;g]d8k,]efa[mujdeoqfwfh4nd8hv’D#D gda[,hPoczjogd,

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko9a[76jI6[8q;g]d8k,]efa[G WF!F @F #F $F &F *F (F )F _D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,9a[76jI6[8q;g]d8k,]efa[G WF!F @F #F $F &F *F (F )F _ Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9a[76jI6[rk[muj7ndaoI6[rk[;afG ;afr69exkladF ;afrtcdh;F ;af-P’mv’D#D [qfgr’ mkfvu’Ia’D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ mkfvu’Ia’D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgsnv&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkos^Yogd,9a[76jI6[8q;g]d8k,]efa[mujdeoqfD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kds^Yoc]h; c]t gda[,hPoczjogd,D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jI6[8q;g]d8k,]efa[D#D gda[,hPoczjogd,D

\j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu $


(ສວສ

)

130


sq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,g7njv’s^Yolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D@D 8+I6[g]0k7toyfxtdv[gxaoI6[ c]t 8+[avdxtdv[gxaoI6[8jk’M8k,9yo8tokdko1jk’,j;o-njoD#D gxqjklu.shgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9 c]t ra[lugxaoI6[8jk’M 8k,.91jk’,j;o-njoD$D gda[,hPog7njv’s^Yow;h4nd[jvomujdeoqfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’sYoF ;ymusYo8k,,5,g7njv’sYolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao@D dko8+I6[lujc9F ;q’,qoF lk,c9xtdv[gxaoI6[mkf8k,c[[ c]t 8+[avdgxaoI6[8jk’M8k, 9yo8tokdkoD#D dkogxqjklu c]t ra[lu.shgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9 c]t dkora[lugxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D ,5,g7njv’sYolezafG -5f[avdF g9hp8afgxaoI6[lujc9F ;q’,qoF lk,c9D c[[I6[mkfD@D ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoG luoEF m+f6f s^n w,hxjv’F glNvdaogxNvoF -k,oEF lt[6F zhkg-af,nF g9hp0k;D#D [aflaopt]adg0Qks^Yo8k,,5,D$D [qfgr’ mkfvu’Ia’D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpIhv’gr’ mkfvu’Ia’ xtdv[mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdko@D okp76cotoe;ymusYoF.shgfadg]nvd[aflaopt]adg0QksYo8k,,5,g7njv’sYolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD#D .shgfadohvpg0QksYo8k,,5,F okp768yf8k,cotoe c]t -j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkosYo8k,,5,g7njv’sYolezaf c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laoD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoc[j’xaog7njv’sYo.sh\j66jgrnjvoD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D dko[vd-njg7njv’s^Yo c]t ;ymus^Yo8k,,5,D@D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odko8+I6[g]0k7toyfxtdv[gxaoI6[mkf c]t 8+[^avdxtdv[gxaoI6[8jk’M

8k,9yo8tokdkoD#D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odkogxqjklu c]t ra[lugxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9D$D dkogda[,hPog7njv’s^Yow;h4nd[jvomujdeoqfD

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu $

131


sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[[qfgr’ mkfvu’Ia’sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[[qfgr’ mkfvu’Ia’sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[[qfgr’ mkfvu’Ia’sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[[qfgr’ mkfvu’Ia’sq;0= hG g7n jvows;8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[[qfgr’ mkfvu’Ia’

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D ltcf’mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’1jk’,j;o-njoD@D dhkltcf’vvd.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’ mkfvu’Ia’D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D dtc-adD@D [qfgr’ mkfvu’Ia’D#D mjksafdkpt[=]yskocv; c]t 8uo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpsafdkpt[=]yskocv; c]t 8uoG mjk\6ocv;wxvhv,Iv[ c]t mjkg1j’g1hD@D .shgfadohvppjk’gmy’cdafg9hp0Bo{]q’c8j8+k{l6’D#D okp76cotoe c]t lkmyfdkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’ c]t okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvpovos’kp;kc0ovvdrhv,ma’9jk’0kD*D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af7nodkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’D(D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dhkltcf’vvd.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’D

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,,j;o-njo.odkoltcf’mjkmk’8k,9yo8tokdkoxtdv[goNv.o[qfgr’D@D dkodhkltcf’vvd.og;]kltcf’mjkmk’

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(ສວສ

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132

dyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qodyf9tde;q’,qosq;0=hG ;afr69exkladsq;0=hG ;afr69exkladsq;0=hG ;afr69exkladsq;0=hG ;afr69exkladsq;0=hG ;afr69exkladI. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’

grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vdmuj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+;afr69exkladwfh4nd8hv’D@D g]qjk7e7jv’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qf7jv’wfh-afg9oD#D vjkovvdlP’7ela[mujxtlq,da[lts^t Vt V6 wfh-afg9oD$D xt8y[af8qo8+lt4komujle7ao0v’-kfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D muj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+;afr69exkladG{ muj8A’G ;afr69exklad8A’16j[hko |v’lt g,nv’ c]t c0;’9exkladD{ 7;k,le7aoG ,u;afF gxao[jvomjv’mjP;F gxao[jvoladdk]t[6-kFgxao,=]tfqd3]dcsj’mu @F r=g4y’gfnvo

# gra’0Bo !&7O ;aomk’lklt|k0v’m5dMxugryjowfhgIaf[5oltgs^u,lts^v’ grnjv.shc0drkp.oc]t 8jk’xtgmfg0Qk,kmjv’mjP; c]t laddk]t[6-kD

{ dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxt8y[af8qoG dkoxqdxadIadlkG -j;pdaoIadlk7;k,ltvkfF x6d8Qow,hsn sphk.lj[=]yg;ogfujo.sh0P;’k,S dkoxt8y[af8qoG [+me]kplyj’c;f]hv,F xt8y[af 8k,dqf]t[P[0v’dkog0Qk-q,S pY,cph,c9j,.l8hvoIa[c0dmujwxmjv’mjP;S ,u9yf.9gvNvg/Nvgrnjvczj c]t xt8y[af8qo.shlq,da[7e0;aomuj;jk ltvkfF lu0P;F lts’q[F lu;yw]F lts;jk’ltws; c]t ,ultg|jD

@D dkog]qjk7e7jv’ [5o;afr69=kxkladF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,I6[rk[D{ 7ela[G ;afr6F ,=]tfqdF mjv’mjP;F xtlkfF 7qo8jk’xtgmfD{ xt3spdG ;afr69exklad,=]tfqd0v’3]dF 7qo8jk’xtgmfg0Qk,kmjv’mjP;F skp7qomP;0BowxxtlkfD#D vjkovvdlP’7ela[mujxtlq,da[lts^t Vt V6G xt86F dtx6F I6s6F lt[6D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D I6[rk[ ;afr69exkladS [qf7=k7jv’ [5o;afr69=kxklad Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D@D [af7ela[G xt86F dtx6F I6s6F lt[6

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D okp76lqomtokda[gfadohvpdjP;da[;afr69exkladmujgfadohvog7upwxD@D okp76rkgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’F lqomtokF g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qf7e7jv’D#D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[;afr69exkladF lqomtokdjP;da[muj8A’F 7;k,le7aoF dkoxadxadIadlk

c]t dkoxt8y[af8qo8+;afr9exklad$D okp76rkgfadohvpvjkovvdlP’7ela[mujxtlq,da[lts^t Vt V6D&D .shgfadohvpg;QkdjP;da[muj8A’F dkoxqdxadIadlk;afr69exklad c]t g;Qkgxao7ela[8k,goNv.o

[qf7e7jv’7noD*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkoxt8y[af8qo c]t dkoxqdxadIadlk;afr69exkladD

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vdmuj8A’F 7;k,le7ao c]t dkoxqdxadIadlk;afr69exkladD@D 7;k,-afg9o.odkog]qjk7e7jv’F g;Qkgxao7ela[ c]t gxaoxt3spd8k,goNv.o[qf7jv’D#D 7;k,-afg9o.odkovjkovvdlP’7ela[mujxtlq,da[lts^t Vt V6D$D dkoxt8y[af8qo8+lt4komujle7ao0v’-kfD

|jj;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu &

133


sq;0= hG 1vflugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9sq;0= hG 1vflugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9sq;0= hG 1vflugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9sq;0= hG 1vflugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9sq;0= hG 1vflugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D 1vflugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9wfh7hkp7nD@D ,u7;k,7jv’c7h;.odko1vflugxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9D#D ,u7;k,vqfmqo.odko1vflu.shgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9.shleg]afD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko1vflugxaoI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D g9hp0k;F luoEF g-nvdle]a[96j,luoEF g9hpI6[rk[muj1vfluD@D -k,oEF lt[6 c]t zhkg-af,nD#D [qf7=k7jv’ [5o;afr69=kxkladD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk[qf7e7jv’ [5o;afr6 xtdv[mjkmk’D@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfg9hpI6[rk[muj1vfluF lqomtokdjP;da[-nj0v’I6[rk[ c]t 0Ao8vodko1vfluD#D okp76cotoeF lkmyf;ymu c]t 0Ao8vodko1vflugxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9D$D .shgfadohvpxt8y[af8q;9y’F okp768yf8k,-j;pgs^nvgfadohvpD&D .shgfadohvpltg|uzqo’ko c]t g;Qk7nodjP;da[;ymu1vfluoEgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9D*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[7;k,vqfmqo c]t 7;k,lk,ad7uda[\6jgrnjvoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,7hkp7n0v’dko1vfluI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9D@D 7;k,7jv’c7h;.odko1vfluI6[rk[8jk’M8k,.9D#D 7;k,vqfmqo.odko1vflu.shgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9.shleg]afD

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu &


(ສວສ

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134


sq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aoxjPolqj’fvdw,hsq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aoxjPolqj’fvdw,hsq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aoxjPolqj’fvdw,hsq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aoxjPolqj’fvdw,hsq;0= hG c[[s^Yoc0j’0aoxjPolqj’fvdw,h

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoc[[sYoxjPolqj’fvdw,hwfh4nd8hv’D@D s^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0aoxjPolqj’fvdw,hwfh4nd8hv’D#D -j;pgs^nvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ks^YoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0aoxjPolqj’fvdw,hD

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D dv’ c]t fvdw,hD@D [qf7e7jv’ ;afr69exklqdD@D ;ymus^Yo Xg[yj’xB,76j,n76?D

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk 7e7jv’ ;afr69exklqd xtdv[mjkmk’D@D okp76ltg|u c]t lkmyf;ymusYoc[[sYoc0j’0aoxjPolqj’fvdw,hD#D .shgfadsYoc[[sYoc0j’0aoxjPolqj’fvdw,hF okp768yf8k, c]t -j;pcotoeD$D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[dkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0aoxjPolqj’fvdw,hD&D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpG ]t,af]t;a’.og;]ks^Yo[=jgIaf.shfvdw,hs5f,nF ,u7;k,;jv’w; .odko

lqj’fvdw,hF s^Yoc]h;vtokw,,nF 8uo c]t gda[,hPov5xtdvo-j;pdaoD*D .shgfadohvpgIafmjkmk’fq,fvdw,h sa’9kdoAoxjvp.shgfadohvpsYo8k,.9D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd0Ao8vo c]t dt8ydkdkosYoD@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odkos^Yoc[[s^Yoc0j’0aoxjPolqj’fvdw,hD#D dko-j;pgs^nvg-yj’dao c]t dao.og;]ks^Yo

lyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu &

135


sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[0q;8k,c[[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[0q;8k,c[[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[0q;8k,c[[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[0q;8k,c[[sq;0= hG gd,9a[76 jmu j7ndaoI6[rk[0q;8k,c[[

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grnjv.shgfadohvplk,kfG!D [vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,wfh4nd8hv’D@D 9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[0q;8k,c[[wfh4nd8hv’D#D 7;k,lk,ad7u.og;]ks^Yogd,D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=dko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[0q;8k,c[[D

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo!D czjogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[I6[8k,c[[ Xle]a[okp76 c]t gfadohvp?D@D czjogd,gdqjk gd,9a[76j8q;g]d8k,]efa[D#D [qf7e7jv’ [5o;afr69=kxkladD

IVDDDDD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo!D .shgfadohvpg]qjk7e7jv’ [5o;afr69=kxkladD@D .shgfadohvpla’gdfI6[rk[F okp76lqomtokdjP;da[-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D#D okp766cotoe c]t lkmyf0Ao8vodkosYogd,D$D .shgfadohvpsYogd,.\jF gd,gdqjk c]t okp7668yf8k,-j;pgs^nvD&D .shgfadohvpg;Qk7nodjP;da[-njgd,F I6[rk[ c]t dkosYogd,9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[0q;8k,c[[*D lbdlkvq[Iq,gfadohvpdjP;da[dkogda[,hPogd,sa’9kdsYoc]h; c]t 7;k,lk,ad7u.og;]ksYogd,D

V DDDDD dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqola’gdf c]t mqflv[7;k,g0Qk.9G!D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko[vd-njgd, c]t I6[rk[muj,u16j.ogd,D@D 7;k,4nd8hv’.odko9a[76jmuj7ndaoI6[rk[0q;8k,c[[D#D 7;k,lk,ad7u.og;]ksYogd,D

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu &


(ສວສ

)

136

|j;plyj’c;f]hv,vhv,8q;gIqk vkmyfmu $ ,Nmu &

dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,dyf9tdedkos^Yo8k,,5,sq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’laosq;0=hG ,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao

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II. goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=!D -njg7njv’sYoF ;ymusYo8k,,5,gd,dkolbdlk c]t ,5,ly]txtlhk’lao@D dko9a[76jI6[rk[0q;8k,c[[ c]t 9a[76j8q;g]d8k,]efa[G WF!F @F #F $F &F *F (F )F _D#D dko1vflu c]t dkogxqjklu.shgxaoI6[8jk’M8k,.9D

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137

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