Epoj 5 BOJHOCAHHTETCKH CTpaHa 631

UDC 355/359:617(497.1X091)H 3 H C T O P H J E

CpnCKO paTHO XUpypUIKO HCKyCTBO

(1876-1918)PaTHa XHpyprnja y CpSnJH y BpeMe

cpncKO-TypcKMx paTOBa

MHJie

aKa;ieMHJa, 3a oniuTy H BacKy/iapHy xHpyprHJy, Eeorpm

K l j u c n c r e f i : medicina, vojna; istorija medicine; hirurgija; bolnice,vojne; rat; oprema i aparati; transport; Srbiju.

K e y w o r d s : military medicine; history of medicine; surgery; hospitals,mililary; war; equipment and supplies; transportation;Serbia.

ynope; io ca ocHKBaiteM cpiicKe apjKaBe H BOJCKC

t|)opMHpa ce H FteHa caHHreTCKa cjTyH

632 BOJHOCAHMTETCKH Bpoj 5

CTpaHe H Aa ce, y3 MaKCHMajiHO yonuiTaBaH.e MH-H.eHHUa, MO)Ke CTBOpHTH OIIIIJTH yTHCaK 0 pajiy H AOMeTH-

Ma cpncKe paTHe xHpyprHJc. BpeMeHCKa AHCTaHua, TaKo^e,

OMoryhaBa OTBopeHy H jacHy aHanH3y 6e3 HKaKBHX 3ao6H-

;ia>KeH.a ropKHx HCTHHa, npHKpHBaH.a H npehyTKHBaFta

ipeiuaKa M iiponyeTa, OCHOBHH uujbCBH paAa cy npOMOUH-

ja BpxyHCKHX AOMeTa cpncKe paTHe xHpyprHJe H yKa3HBa-

Hje Ha HaJBajKHHJe JIHHHOCTH 3acjiy>KHe 3a Te AOMere. MHHH

ce Aa OBaKaB H36op MeTOAa aaje paay MHoro uiHpH, paTHO-

MeAHUHHCKH, MCAHUHHCKH H Ky^TypHH 3HaHaj.

npoynaBatfae paTHOXupypuiKor HCKycTBa H3 OBor ne-

3Ha'jaJH0 je oTOKaHO HenocrojaitcM HiBopHHX noAa-

, jep je ApxHBa eaHHTeTCKe cnyiK6e cnajbeHa 1915.

roA. y TOKy i]OBjiaHeH>a cpneKe EOJcKe. FIoAauH y ApyrHM

ApJKaBHHM apxHBaMa cy y3rpeAHH, a HaJ3HaiaJHHJH H3B0p

H3 TOr BpeMeHa cy paAOBH o6jaBJbeHH AO 1915. rojx. KOJH

ey BejiHKHM A&HOM H3ry6ji>eHH y ^ y r o M CBeTCKOM '

PaTHa XHpyprHJa y CpGuJH y BpeMe cpncKO-

paTOBa

Ouiuiua eojna ucuiopuja

Uocnc 6oM6apAOBaH.a Eeorpaaa 1862. roAHHe H HH-

yp-necMe KHe3 MHxanjio y6p3aBa npH-

npeine 3a paT (,ja ocjio6ol)eibe, He3aeucH0ciu u Kyjiuiypy").CpeAHHOM MapTa 1867. KHe3 MHxanJio nyTyje y UapnrpaA

TAe My j e cyjnaH ypy4Ho (jiepMaH o iipeAaJH rpaAOBa - Be-

orpaAa, CMeAepeBa, UJanua H K.!iaAOBa. Ha SeorpaACKoj

TBp^aBH, nopeA TypCKe, 3aBHJopHJia ce H cpncKa 3acTaBa, a

TypcKa nocaAa H A.nH pH3a-nauja, nocneAH.n TypcKH KO-

, HanycTHHH cy BeorpaA 24. anpHJia 1867. Haqno-

ey(J)opHJa KpaTKO Tpaje, a ancojiyTHCTiiHKa BiiacT

KHe3a MHxaHJia H cTanHH IIOJIHTHHKH cyKo6H Ha Kpajy pe-

3y;iTyjy ySHeTBOM KHe3a MnxaH^a BepoBarHo H3 yHyrpa-

IUH.HX nonHTHMKHx pa3Jiora. H36HJaH.e yciaHKa y Xepue-

roBHHH noACTHMe HenpHKpHBaHa HauHOHajiHa ocehaH.a H

jaBHocT OTBopeHO 3axTeBa Aa CpGuja noApMCH BocaHCKo-

xepueroBaiKH ycTahaK. Ha 3HaK PyeHJe Aa he noApiKaiH

Cp6HJy y eBeHTyajiHOM cyKo6y ea TypcKOM Maja 1876.

roA- cpnena n upHoropcKa BJia^a 3ajeAHO noAHOce TypcKOJ

npeAJior Aa ce BocHa H XepueroBHHa ycTyne Cp6HJH H IJp-

Hoj fopH. r iopra OASHJa npeAJior, a CpGwja H UpHa Popa,

iioA npHTHCKOM jaBHocTH, 16. jyHa 1876.^ y BeHeuHJH

CK^anajy TaJHH cnopa3yM (cjiwKa 1) H 18. jyHa 1876. roA.

o6jaBJbyjy paT TypcKOJ. OnmTe OAyuieBJbeH.c y BeorpaAy

AOJiaeKOM reHepajia MHxaHJia HepttajeBa 3

' C B H UHTaTH urraMnaHH cy Kyp3U«OM w HaseAeHH cy H3Bop-

Ho (npCMa je3HiKiiM ti npaBonHCHiiM npaBHJiHMa y BpeMe

H ii3iiaBaH.a), a Hama'ieiba y H>HMa (3a;ie6ji>aiba,

cji) cy H.HXOBHX ayTopa.

2 JJaHac ce OBaj AaH cjiaBH Kao BAW BojcKe JyrocnaBHJe.

^ FeHepan MepH.ajcB. OAyineBJbCHH naHCJiaBiicTa (no Orap-

joBy BaKyfiHHy naHCJiaBH3aM je (})HJio;ioujKa (l)aHTa3HJa). Ao;ia3H y

CpSHJy ca 2 4 5 2 Ao6poBOJi.ua (OA Tora 612 o(})HUHpa). HaKO j e

PycHJa KacHO ymjia y paT, He Mowe ce 3aHeMapHTK paTHH

ca 2 452 Ao6poBo.ibua H BejiHKOM epncKOM no6eAOM 11. aB-

rycTa 1876. KOA UlyMaTOBua. Me^yiHM, Cp6HJa HeAOBOJb-

HO npHiipeMJiieHa CKOHOMCKH, IIOJUITHMKH H BOJHO HHJC MO-

rjia Aa oneKyje Behe ycnexe, Te j e y Beorpaay

MHp ca TypcKOM Kao status quo ante bellum.

^nt^^^j^^f^ r/ids^f^4'/' ^/^t'^M- 5O^»^'*

C J I . 1 - TaJHM yroBop ii3Me^y Cp6HJe H UpHe Tope CKJIO-

16. jyHa 1876.

roAHHy AaHa KacHHJe, HOIUTO je seh noHeo HO-

BH pyeKo-TypcKH paT, Cp6HJa 13. AeueMSpa ( 1 1 2 ) 1877.

yjia3H noHOBO y paT. 3a Apyrw paT Mo6HJiHcaHO je 138 000

HOC OBHx pycKHx ;io6pOBOJi>aua. AJIH, 6HJIO je H OApet)eHHX npo-

: npeBejiHK 6poj aporaHTKHX pycKKX octikiuHpa y iuTa6oBH-

(6H;]0 HX je flBocTpyKo BHiiie oa cpncKHx) Bpjio xcreporcHoi-

(HAeanHCTii, OHaJHHUvt, KapHJepMcra, aBaHTypiicTii. KpH-

). FeHepaji Mepibajea npoH3BeAeH je H y HHH cpnCKor rc-

Hepajia H nociao KOMaHaaHT uenoKynHC cpncKe H pycKc BOJCKC,

rioHauiao ce Kao npaBH rocnOAap, naK BcfiH oa KHe3a MH;iaHa KO-

ra je OH 3a BpeMe paTa nporjiacHO 3a Kpajba! Floene paTa ocrajio je

y Cp6HJH 50 pycKHX oi

Bpoj 5 BOJHOCAHHTETCKH 633

. PaTHe onepaiiHJe o;iBHJajic cy ce Ha rpii npaBua ca

TpH Kopa: MopaecKH j e ,,iip)Kao HHUI y uiKpHnuy", a T H -

M04KH H lUyMa;iHJCKii eHepriiHHO cy HacrynanH npeiua

H Beiioj FlajiaHUH. riocjie ycnetUHHx 6op6M 20. a.c-

(7.12) 1877. Ha C B . HHKO;IH H 25. ;ieueM6pa

(12.12) npefl Be.noM FlajianKOM cpncKa BojcKa je 29. AeueM-

opa (16,12) oc;io6o;iHJia riHpOT. Hum j e oc.no6oI)eH 13. j a -

Hyapa 1878. roji (31.12.1877). M3BpiiieHa peopraH!i3auHJa

cpncKe BOJCKe H noBOJbHe OKOJIHOCTH ycjioBH.Fic cy ycne-

iijHo Bol)eH.e paTHHX onepauHJa. Oc.no6o^cHe cy 3HaTHe re -

pHTopHJe Ha HCTOKy H jyroHCTOKy Cp6HJe, a npHJiiiKOM

[[OTimcHBaH.a npHMHpja cpncKa BOJCKa j e Beh 6n;ia Ha Ko-

eoBy. YroBopoM o Miipy KOJH cy noTPHCane PycHJa H Typ-

CKa 3. MapTa (19.2) 1878, y CaH-CTe(l)aHy npH3HaTa je He-

taBHCHOCT Cp6HJH, UpHOJ FopH H PyMyHHJH. Osaj yroBop

OHO je BejiHKO pa30'iapaH.e 3a Cp6njy j ep joj HHcy npHnajie

CBe ocjioGoIjCHt; cpiicKC repHTOpuje (rpHCKM H 3Henoji.cKH

Kpaj). YMecTO na jyroHcroMHoj crpaHH Cp6HJa je ,ao6njia

iipoiuHpeH.e Ha jyro3ana;iy, ;io HoBor na3apa H KOCOBCKC

. Ha KoHrpecy BCJIHKHX cHna 12. jyHa 1878. y

YiOBop je ;ioHeK;ie H3MeHjeH, ajiH CpSHJa HHJe

;io6HJia ocBojeHe jyroHCTO4He KpajeBe HacejteHe cpncKHM

CTaHOBHHUJTBOM.

PaiuHa xupypiuja

y CBOJHM ..riHCMHMa" H3HOCH CBOJe BH^eH>e Op-

J\

c'HUKa y 6ojinuiie" (4), HeKOJiHKo ro;iHHa npefl paT 6Hjia

j e no3HaTa H MOHoq7atl)HJa Theodor-a Billroth-a H 6apoHa

von Mundy-ja o eBaKyauHJH paH.cHHKa (5). HHKaKBHM nuo-

aoM HHcy ypOAH/ia HH 3anoMaraH,a BejiOHHJa 1875, roA, HH

Hajia3 KOMHCHJe y Kojoj cy 6HJIH up BjiaaaH T)opI)eBHh H ap

CaBa rieTpOBHh ^a caHHTeTCKe onpcMe HMa carno 3a HeKO-

nHKo jxana para, YOHH catnor paxa MHHHCTapctBO BOJHO

Tpa)Kn o,a CpilcKoT dpyiuuiea lipeenoT Kpcuia noMoh y neKa-

pHMa, KyBapuMa, ajin H ,,93 Kona 3a meiuKe u 47 oMnu6yca

3a .laKiue paihenuKe"\ On onpeMe HeaocTajajio je CBe, oji

nocTejBHHe no xHpypiuKe onpeMe. CaHHTeT je ymao y par

iiOTnyHO HecnpeMaH, a CTapeuiHHe cy ynyhcHe y CBOJe je-

flHHHue ca .,yuymciu8OM da pade c UMupoeu3aiiujaMa"\

JXan nocne npBe 6op6e KOA cejia MpaMopa ^ Ha 3anoMara-

H.e HanejiHHKa flHBH3HJCKor caHHTeTa jxp Be.noHH oflroBapa

^a he 3aB0Je H ocxajiH caHHTexcKH MaTepHJaji ^OGHTH Ha-

peziHHX flaHa! HHJe 6HJIO HH AOBOJBHO 6ojiKHua 3a j

paH.eHHKa (cjiHKa 2).

C J I . 2 - ripHXBaT cpncKHx paaeHHKa y HBattHUH 3a BpeMe

ripBor cpncKo-TypcKor paTa. UprejK H3 The Illustrated

London News, 1876.

TeK y TOKy paTa noflHHcy ce SapaKe 3a TO: rpH y "fiy-

npHJH, jiBe y Beorpaay H je^Ha y JoBaHOBuy (cjiHKe 3 H 4).

ILIec}) pycKMx MHCHJa I4pBeHor KpcTa reHepan np TaySep

OBaKO cnHKa eTaH>e y caHHTeTCKOJ c;iy»c6H: ,,y Cp6uju He-

MO yHU6ep3uCueuia... MeduifUHa je uouiuyHO y pyKOMa ca-

MOyKux jieKapa, a auoiueKe cy peutKe nax u y iuaKsoj eapo-

mu Kao Uiuioje FiapahuH. IJpupodHoje lumoje cpucKa ma-

da ca 3axeajiHouihy upuMwia ceaKy Cuy^uHCKy iioMoh, Ha-

po^uiuo MeduiiUHCKy, Kojaje 3a epejue oeoi paiua c name

cuipaHe yupaeo u 6wia Hajcmeapnuja". Join je ropa cjiHKa

caHHTeTCKor 36pHH.aBaH>a Kojy ;iaje a p MapKOHeT, l u e ^

PyeKe GonHHue y CMe;iepeBy, KOJH j e ;ioiijao ca 6OJIHHUOM

^ PaT je noieo 19. jyHa 1876. HanaAOM cpncKe BOJCKe Ha

TypcKy Kapayjiy y cejiy MpaMop K(

CTpaHa 634 BOJHOCAHHTETCKH Bpoj 5

C J I . 3 - PaTHa GcnHima - GapaKa KHerHH>e Jy;iHJc (5apa- CJ I . 4 -

Ka 6p. 2) y BBJIHJH BOJHC 6ojiHHtie y Beorpaay JiHJe (6apaKa 6p. 2)

1876. ro;iHnc.

paTHc SonHime - GapaKc KHerHH>c Jy-

H BoJHe 6o;iHHue y Beorpaay 1876.

CTO KpeBcra H CBOM noTpe6HOM onpeMOM (cjiHKa 5):

CMQ Mu y CMedepeeo douuu. Hauuiu CMO paftenuKe y

cuipauiHOM ciuatby. Ceejedno c dpyhvu cMeiuano: u patbe-

nuifu u cpdoGoAiHU u epyhuuaeu, uoeaA>emt, jieoKejednu do

dpyTux. HuKo ux ituje iipeeujao Qo neKojiUKO dana. Y

ucuiuM co6a.Ma ide cy .leytcajiu 6O.WCHUHU U paihciiuifti

UUL1U cyuuo nauo/he. HUKO UX mije cJiyoKuo. neHucuJouia u

CMpad da yiyiuu. Jbyde Koje CMO OKO pa}beuuKa HOMJIU 6U-

jiu cy KpaJHie paaiiodyumu u auaiuu^nu" (6).

CJI. S - PycKe GonHHHKe 6apaKe y FlpBOM

1876.

Majop Ap Biia^aH T)opt)eBHh KBO HanejiHHK caHiiTera

aBCKC aMBH3MJe' npBHX nana para yMccTByje y

36piiH>aBaiLy paii>CHHKa H npK TOM yonaBa nomyHy He-

cnpeMHOCT H HcopiaHH3OBaHOCT Hauler caHHTcra. y Mpa-

MopcKoj 6HUH p a ^ H o j e y HMnpoBHSOBaHOM npeBKJajiHurry

nofl pa3aneTHM 3aB0JHuiHHM luaropOM, a ,,odaiwie tlo Jiedu-

Hu, Ha upociupiuuM acypaMa u heOadiuHa, Kao u uo OKO.n-

HUM KyhaMa Hana3Wiu cy ce paibenui^u Kojimaje uipeOano

uo.Mofiu". CBC TO HHJe HH nHHtuio Ha caHHTercKy CTaHHuy.

ojiH paibCHHUK cy npHCTH3ajiH. XnpypuiKc HHTCPBCHUHJC

'' Majop up BjianaH 1iop^c8n!l y noterKy paTa 6Hoje

caHtfTcra JywHOMOpaBoce jiitBHSHJe, noTOM HaCHe MopaacKO-THMO'iKe sojcxe noii KOMaK.uoM reKe-

pajia HepH>ajeBa, a nocjie CMeHe Majopa jip OHJiHna TajcHha H Ha-

HeJIHHK CaHKTCTa CpnCKC BOJCKe.

jc ap BjiajiaH T)op^eBHh y3 tiOMoh op Jlsac CTe()>a-

HOBHha. fHiicaHC II oGiiHHC 3aBojc iiocTaBJbajiH cy ncKap-

CKH noMohHHUH BiuaKOBiih H AHiipa IlcTpoBHh. OcTajic

jieKapcKe nociioBC pa;iHJin cy ;:p n . OcTojuh ii Xaun-i la-

3Hh, a anoTCKapH cy no KyhaMa caKyiui.a;iH HHCTO nnaTHO,

L* II MapaMC pa^H iipcBiijaH>a ii HpccBJiaHCH>a paibc-

36pHH.aBaiby paH.CHHKa y»ieciBOBajic cy H ^ B C CH-

o6poBojbHe CoimnnapKC EMa niipcoH^ >i JlyJ3a

McKJiatt).nnM (7). y TOKy ripBor ii / I p y i c r cpncKO-TypcKor

paTa Kao jieKapcKii noMohHHuH y nojbCKHM GojiHHuaMa pa-

flHJiH cy H MHOrH cTy;ieHTn Me;inuHHe. BCMKH xiipypr 6a-

POH JapOMHp (JjOH MyKUH, ,,UHCU€KUiop Ceux McduiftlHCKUX

eKuxia. layiee pycKux", nocne o6H;iacKa ConHHue ;ipHHCKC

y Kojoj je pa;iHo JIa3a Jla3apcBHh aamicao je: ,^..ja-

ca.\t weToaoM cuipymoM cupeMoM. optamaaifujoM

u fbeioeuM padoM" . flpeKiiHyBum CTy^uje MCiiHmme, y

HCTOJ. flpHHCKOJ BojcuH, Kao Me^HUHHap paziHO j e H BoJH-

Cy5oTHh, 6yayhii OTau cpncKC XHpypntje.

Jlp TayGep no ;io:iacKy y Tiynpiijy npcy3HMa je;tHy o;i

6ojiHime. ripcMa H.cMy, y KacapHCKOJ 6onH(mH Kojy cy

pyMyHCKM JicKapn .,ca paibemitfiiMa ujiu aMuyiuo-

HO 3aeojuuiiuy, .lejicaxy 6o.iecnuiiu. (iu3euiuepitHHU,

p u . u dpyJtiAt ceaKOJaKiiM uHeKtiuo3Htcii 6o/iecuiu-

Ma 3apaoKenu. ...UJiuo ce uiuue uaK xupyptuKux ouepatiuja,

uio OKpoM a.Muyuiaituja mnuiua ce dpyio uuje MOUO eude-

iuu". npey3eBii]H je^Hy o;i HOBOcai-pabenHX 6apaKa ca 40

6ojiecHHKa HajiaiH HX CBe (l)c6pH;iHC, ,^e(uKo da je 6wio

patbeuuKa KOAte puna ue 6u KOMWiuKoeana Buna dy6oKOM

(p.ieL\ioHo.\f. lipeenuM eeuipoM uiud. ...uojedwm cy eeh luta-

Jiu HujeMuJy... floaiyia ufiaie dunu cy HOM cpucKU 6o.iHUHa-

* Emma Maria Pirson H Luise Elisabeth McLaughlin. Beh cy

Kao iioGpoBOJbHe 6o.nHHHapKC y (}>paHuycKO-iipy-

pBTy H AodiiJie H ({ipaHuycKa ii HeMa

Bpoj 5 BOJHOCAHMTETCKH CrpaHa 635

pu, cjiyle p}}aee u Heuoy3dane do Kpajuociuu; MypdapjiyK

iiaK ibiixos dojiaiuo je do Tpanuife ,non plus u!tra"\'^ JXp

CTy;ieHCKn, xiipypr pycKc eKHne y KparyjcBaHKOJ SOJIHMUH

y CBOJHM K3BemTaJHMa HHJe HMao HHJeAHe ;iene peHH 3a

CBe luTO j e cpiicKO. Kao H nperxoflHa ziBoJHua HaJBiime ce

jKaJiH na GojiHimape, a 3aTHM: ,,cpucKu jieKcipu... ha pany

iTiype iiiapmijy,'

CtpaHa 636 BOJHOCAHHTETCKH Epoj 5

C J I . 8 - EpOA-imien ca Hajorpa!)CHOM GOJIHHHKOM 6apaKOM

pa;in 36piin.aBaH.a ti TpaHcnopTa patbCHHKa y CpncKO-

paTy 1876.

i. 9 - o;iecHHHKC 6apaKe Ha 6pofly-iiineny, 1876.

CJI . 10 - Oco6jbC H paibCHimn /ipyrc pC3epBneBeorpaiiy 1876.

CJI. 11 - PycKH JieKap ii uo.iini'iapKc, y bcorpajy1876.

uttuoje JicKapcKa cJiyjKBa y MHOIUM pejepemiM 6o.imnfaMaOiLta ucuod ceaKe KpuiiiuKe. luiuo ce uo uoJiaHKOAta KUOluuto je y6, Oopenoean, rpaduuiiue uiud. Atyea.io 6ej uo-cjia uo 10-15 JieKapa, doKJie cy uojbCKC 6o.inune tiuajie uojedHoT JieKapa u uo KoJa Aieduifunapa, uiiuo cy cpucKU pa-ibeHutfU u 6ojiecnutiu caAW dciuMwiHO u Mecuiu-mnie do6u-jiu iipey neKapcKy neiy u cyepeMeny uoAtoh, u UKO cy, Kod

o6ujiame uptieaiuHe uoAtohu ca ceujy ctupaHa, a HQ-u3 Pycujc. ceu paibenw^u u do.wcmnfu MOTJU 6uiuu

neioeaHU Kao y najoojbe ypetjemiAt eojcKUAta... UMU MHOJOyjpoKa. I) CaM Mumiciuap eojuu mmuje ituao eo/be mimuHoeifa da ce 3a eajmt camtiueiu uociuapa upe iieio luiTw jepaui uoueo... 2) lUuio je ycuipojcmeo eojiio-canuiueiucKeCJiyjic6e, Kouupano ca upajcKof. cyeuiue .\tajo upinaio^e-HO... 3) LUuio Liaemt ^enfpaji-uiuia6 cpucKC eojcHe nujeUAtao iioJMa o eojuo-cauuiueuicKoj CJIVMCOU y pauiy. 4)LUiuoje uod KOAiandoM pycKux ^enepajia u euwux o(f>m{u-pa csaKU uac Meihaiua (fjopMaifuja ifejte eojcKe. 5) LUiuo jeute(f) aoJHOi caHuiueuia, uouJuyKoemiK dp Eenumi, y epeAtepallia eeh 6uo caceu.» iueJiecuo u3ue.vioTao ciuapati, KOJUHuje MoTao leoddenoM pyKOM dpjK-auiii... 6) UJiuo ce iiaucn-HUK caHuiueiUa epxoene KOAiaude, Majop Op Tajcuti, odAiaxuocjie upoux 6op6u uoKasao iuaKO HecuocoGaH 3a wo jne-cuio, daje eeh Aeiyciiia 1876. epaheu in Bpxoeue KauaHdey Beoipad y uoMoh dp Bejiuity. 7) Uiiuo je dpotcaemi Ko.ue-cap 30 upueaiuHy uoMoh, Majop dp Caea rieCupoeuh 6uocyeuuie MeK HoeeK, KOJU y Meciuo da KauieiopuiKU laxuieeada upueauma uOMott yf)e y oKeup opiamnomiue dpjicaeiieuoMoHu ...KOjoAi he KOMandoeauiu dpoicaenu eojuu canu-uieui - doftycuiuo da caaKo cuipauo dpyiuiueo padu luuia uide KO xohe, douycmuo da ce peiepsue Oo.iHuife y 3eM>buuodejie ua cpucxe, pycKC, unvtecKe uiud. aeiuonoMne 6oji-Hiiije, da ce fjenepan ToKapjoe oiiynoAtoheuuK pycKoT /ipy-luitiea Upeeuot KpcHia iiauuiiu y canuuieCuy OHO laiuoje fye-Hepan ^aptbajee y eojcitu Hij. dpxcaea y dpotcaeu... 8) UJiuoce y3iL»aH>eAt de'iKoT doKuiopa 6apona Myiiduja 3a UHcueK-iuopa ceujy pe3epemLX Oojimiifa (OCUM pycKUx) u 3aeoju-wuia.jedho 3eaibe, Koje uo yciupojcwey aiyjicOe ne uocuio-

Bpoj 5 BOJHOCAHHTETCKM CTpaHa 637

ju, y3UMaibeM i. 6apouay ciuapuju HUH neio luuio Ta

lue iue(p eoJHoi caHuuieiua. caMo yMHooKWio xi OHaKo eejiu-

Ku 6poj asiuoHOMHux yupaea y eoJHOJue caHumewy, 6e3

iiKaKee (paKiuiiuKe Kopucuiu uo cnyofcdy, >mo na ilpouiue Ha

ibeToey tuiueuiy. jep je OH cee KaoicibeHe JieKOpe u oHe KOJU

cy.vy ce y.uejiu dodeopumu laenamio U3 iiojbCKe cnyoicde u

ociuae/bao y pe3epeHUM 6o.iHuifaMa OHUX jueciSa, Tde 6exy

Kod ceoje Kyhe. 9) Uiuioje TimoHKa diieimija UMana 3a Ha-

^ejiHUKU caHUuieiua ca ceuM Hccuocofma noscKa, KOJU je

Mopao dohu Ha uio Mecuio... 10) Uluio je 3auadHo-Mopae-

CKa du6U3Uja doifHuje JaeopcKa eojcKa, uMa.ia upoumeuo

yciupojciuGy, y MeciHo jedfwTa dea Ha^emiuKa caHuiueiaa.

II) Uliuoje y uioj Macii ciupauux uoMofiu, doped 036wbHUX

leKapa u upaaux (fmnaumpoiia, 6wio ep.io MHOIO Meduiiuii-

, MyiuKux u OKCHCKiix aeaiiuiypucuia, He3Hajiai{a, ua

u dyutesHo uopeMeheHux". OBaKBa KpuTHKa je , Bepo-

, II pa'jjior nz FteroBa /ipyra Ktt.Hra licuiopuje pautHoT

camiiueiua He 6yae mraMnaHa. HHTH j e OH nocrao rehepaji.

OBaKBa HCKycTBa H y5yayhe he ce lecTO noHae/baTH.

PaTHO HCKycTBo H3 IlpBor cpncKO-TypcKor para SH^O

je HpecKyno. Y paTy 6e3 iioGeAHHKa CpSHJaje iiMajia OKO

30 000 paH.eHHKa (11), a H3ry6HJia 25 000 jty/iH (norHHy-

jiHx, yMpjiHx, OHecnocoGjbeHHx, HecranHx) H HanpaBHJia

Ap>KaBHH flyr OR 30 MiiJiHOHa 3JiaTHHX ;iHHapa (12),

cpiiCKO-TypcKii paT (1877-1878) no4eo je

/tana nocjic laBpiiieTKa flpBor cpricKo-Typ-

CKor paTa (1876). npeApaTHO o;iyiueBJi.eH,e 3aMeHHJia je

iiocjicpaTHa anaTHJa. HHKO HHJe eepoBao jxa CpGnja MOJKC

ycKopo paTOBaTii, HH jaBHo MH.e».e, HH BJiacT, HH LtpeeHH

KpCT, HH )KeHCKO ApyiUTBO, riOBOJLHa OKOJIHOCT 6HJia jc

pycKa o^aH3HBa H H-CH yciicx y paTy npoTHB TypCKe. Py-

cKa BojCKa j e 6HJia ripea Je;ipeHOM.

CpncKa caHHTexcKa cjiy)K6a, 6oraTHJa 3a jc^iHO 6OJ]HO

11CK7CTB0, (JjopMHpaJia je KOMHCHJy (Tajcuh, /loKHh, Xo.ncu)

j a tipoy'iH Ta ticKycTBa. KoMHCHJa Beh y jyjiy 1877. 3aBpuja-

Ba ca pa;iOM H ;IOHOCH ,,M3Mene u douyne, yuyuiciuea 3a cny-

jfc6y eojiiot caHUuieiua cpilcKc ciuajahe u HapodHe eojcKe'".

nope;i MHoiHX KOpHCHHx HOBiiHa, peuiaBa ce yo'feHH He;io-

cTaTaK 6oJiHHHapa H npBH nyr yBO/tc ,,HOCHOUH paH,eHHKa" H

.,upGu HyjfCHu 3a

CTpaHa 638 BOJHOCAHMTETCKM Bpoj 5

y3poK. ute CMO c onaKeoM oupeAioM cauuiueiucKOM Mopajiu

uhu y paui, c KaKBOM CMO umnu". Osaj He;iocTaraK

Hal)eH j c 3aiuicH0M, j ep TypcKa BojcKa HHJe CTHr/ia

y 3OHH 6op6eHor ;iejcTBa 6H;IO je

CHQ H no Hapel)eH.y Mopano cc o6aBHTH 3a MaH>e

caTa. anH He 36or UITO paHHJe oGpiwc paTHC paHC, HCIO 36or

xjiajHor BpeMCHa H HojaBe [ipoMp3JiHHa. YociajiOM, y TO

BpeMe y 3OHH 6op6eHor aejcrBa xHpypuiKa noMoh caeioja/ia

ce OA npeBHJatba H 3aycraBJi>aifaa KpBapcH,a. a CBC oCTano .rie-

HeH.e OABHJario cc y GonHHuaivia y ynyrpaiutboeTH.

EBaKyauHJa paHiCHHKa '^ Haj'icuihc cc oABujajia caH-

Kaiwa, HaK ii .ao GojiHHua y Be;ioj FlajiaHUH, Kn-ajKCBuy, H H -

luy H riHpoiy. CaHKC cy 6HJie HaiiytteHe CCHOM. Ha HCKHM

j c ipaHcnopTOBaHO H no ABaaeccT paH.eHHKa ii yBCK cy

caHHTCTCKor iipaTHoua. JXo ocjio6a^aH.a IlHpoTa pa-

cy CBaKyHcaHH y oojHiHuy y KH>a>KCBuy. Koja je

6ii;ia Majia H C HCAOBO/bHO Jby^cTBa, Te cy CBH paH.eKHUH

AaJi>e cBaKyHcaHH, naK H OHH KOJH iiHcy GIUIH OAMSX 3a aa.-

AH TpaHCnOpT. O B O jc 6HO HajO3GHAHHJH OpraHH3aUHOHH

nponyCT. Ilocjie ocjio6al)aH.a Hniua paibeHHUH cy

caHH y HHUI (cjtHKa 12).

CpiiCKu c

YBoI)eH.e 6ojiHHHapa H HOCHOua pafteHHKa (no MCTH-

pH y HeTH) noKaiajio ce H3BpcHiiM. 3a pa3;iHKy OA iipcTxoA-

Hor paTa eBojy AyxcHocr o6aBJi.ajiH cy ..npHjbeHCHO H xpa-

6po". ripBii iiyT ce iipeAJiawe Aa ce JiCKapH HAH neKapCKH

tiOMohHHUH yBcay y 6aTajbOHc.

y paTy cy ynecTBOBajie H ABC xeHC Kao caHHTcrcKH

o4»Hm!pH. To cy: Apara JboiHh.^o KOJa ca ii36HJaH.eM paTa

CTyAHJe MeAHUHne y UHpHxy H Kao canHTCTCKH

ynccTByje y 6HUH Ha LUyMaTOBuy, H Ap Mapiija

8 y Iliiiiiy cy lanjieHieHe ABC BeniiKe 3HjaaHe 6ojiHHHKe

ii HeKojiHKo GapaKa ca onpcMOM tt staTcpHJajioM ii ca 1200

nocrejba.

I ' HcKOJiHKO caHHTCTCKHX BOJHJia GcjmijcKor Tuna 6HJia cy

rnoMa3Ha, TciiiKa H HcnpiiKnaAHa 3a cpncKe nyTCBe, a

npo6neM je 6 H O y TOMe urro j e caHHTcr AO6HO Hajcjia6HJe

KOJK cy Kx jeABa ByKHH. J a i c KOH>e Ao6Knaje apTHJbcpHJa H HH-

TCHUiaHTypa.

" A p a r a JboHHh, 1855-1926 , npBa CpnKHfta aoKTop

UHHC. ilHruioMHpajia j e jaHyapa 1879. roA- y Uwpiixy.

jia j c a y HapcAHMM cpncKHM

OjciopoBHa CH6O;IA2I, no3HaHHua ilpare JboMHh ca cTy-

AHJa, Koja. TaKotjc, 3aBpuiaBa OBaj par Kao caHHTCTCKii rio-

pyHHHK (13, 14).

YKyiiHH ryGHUH cpncKC BOJCKe na 6oJHuny H3HOCH.riH

cy 6,81*^. a OAHOC HoiHHyjiHx H paibCHiix 6HO je 1:4,5222.

3a npBa TpH Meceua para (KaAa cy H3BOI)CHC paTHc oiiepa-

mije) rioniHyno jc 667 BOJHJIKQ (H oij)imHpa), a 3a CBC Bpe-

Me paTa OKO 800, panyHajyhH H HCCTajic. 3a cBe BpeMe pa ia

OHHO j c yKypHo 2 781 patbeHHKa OA KOJHX j e yMpjio 228

(8,2%) H 21 600 TeJKHx 6oJiecHMKa (OOJIHUMKH Jica y TiiMO'iKoj 6yHH (1883. roji) Mopana j e Aa itanycTH ieMJby H

npelje y UapHrpaA Kao JiCKap cyjiTBHOBor xapcMa. Y CpGitjy ce

Bparujia 1903. roA- ii yiccTBOBajia y 6ajiKaTicKHM ii FlpBOM CBCT-

CKOM paTy, 3aBpuiHBiiiii HX y HHHy caHHTCTCKor Majopa ca OpAC-

HOM CB. CHBC I peAa.

-- YKyoHH BOJHH ry6mw HCMaHKC BOJCKC y (JjpaHnycKO-npy-

CKOM paTy (1870-1871) 6HJIH cy 12%, a OAHOC norHHyjiiix npeMa

paH.eHHM 6iro j e 1:5,65. Y pycKoj BOJCUH y pycKO-TypcKOM paTy

(HCTOBpcMCHO ca JlpyniM cpncKO-rypCKUM paToM) yKynHii BOJHH

ry6Hun 6H;IH cy OKO 2 4 % ( 8 - 3 6 % ) . a OAHOC iioniHyjiHX H noBpe-

^eHHxGHojeoia 1:1 AO 1:2,8.

•^ Y HCTO BpeMC npoiicHaT T3B. .,npcTaiiia" y HCMHIKOJ HJIH

aycTpoyrapcKoj BOJCUH H3HOCHO j e OKO 6 O % !

•̂' il"cKyTa6HjiH0 j e AH JIH j e 3a 6aBJbCH.e XHpypnijoM, y TO

BpcMC, 6H;IO HeonxoAHo yiHTH (cncuHJajiH30BaTii) XHpypnijy HAH

jc 3a TO GHJia AOBOJtHa AHn.noMa .jioKTopa cecyKynHor ;icKapcTna

H XHpypnije". xaKBa ce AoGHJana nocne AHrtnoMHpaH>a Ha BCfKuni

MeAHUHKCKDX rjjaK'yjTTCTa.

^ MiiCAH cc Ha o6a cpncKO-TypcKa H cpncK0-6yrapcKH paT.

Epoj 5 BOmOCAHHTETCKM Cvpam 639

dajeycea lupu paiua 6wio 24 000paweHUKa... OHJe U3ep-luuo QpcKo 100 oiiepaifuja U3 paiuHe xupyphije, U3eaduoiipcKO 600 KypiuyMa" (17).

OflMax no ocjio6o^eH>y HHuia BOJHH caHHTeT AOSHO j e

y Himiy ;iBe aejiiiKe 3rpazie 3a 6OJIHHUC H cMeuiraj 600 6o-

jiecHHKa H 32 cajie 3a CMcuiTaj 1 200 6ojiccnnKa. Ha npe;i-

jior Bjia^aHa "fiop^cBHha Hape;i6aMa BpxoBHe KOManjie

cpncKe BojcKe o^ 9, H 10. jaHyapa 1878. 4)opMHpaHa j e Beh

10, jaHyapa 1878. ro.a. Be;inKa HHuiKa Bojua

.."Rene Kyjie", npBa 3flpaBCTBeHa ycxaHOBa y

Hrnuy, BojiHHua 3a 1 000 6o.nccHHKa H pahteHUKa

pana j e o;i 3aTeMeHHx xypcKHx GojiHHua: BejiUKe rypcKe

BOJHe GonHHue Ha jiecKOBanKOM apyMy, BapoiuKe TypcKe

GojiHHUc Kpaj .."Rejie Kyiie" H Majie rpaflCKe 6ojTHHLie

,,McjiaxaHe". 3a iipeor ynpaBHHKa riocTaBJteH j e HaHe.nHHK

caHHTeTa jip Bjia^aH Tiop^eBHh. IlopeA ynpaBHHKa. y 6on-

HHUH je paAHJio join ccjiaM jieKapa: ap Jlaaa CTeBaHOBnh,

jip JaHKo CjeHKneBHH, jxp ZlHMHTpHJe rionoBHh, ap Ka3n-

MHp CTaHHUICBCKH, JXp TlOplje ^HMHTpHJeBHh, flp Po3eM-

6epr H ap Mypeji. BojiHHua jc ripey3ej]a H /ienette CTaHOB-

HiimTsa, ajiH H e;iyKauHJy caHHTeTCKor Ka;ipa y BOJCUH H

ipaljaHCTBy. Flocjie Bna^aHa T)opI)eBHtia ynpaBHHUH oBe

6HJIH cy BcnHKaHii cpiiCKC MCZIHUHHC: JXp

MapKOBHh, up MHxaH.no nexpOBHh H up

(18).

3apo6jbCHn lypcKH paiLeHHUH H o6ojieJiH BpahaHH cy

TypCKOM caHHTeTy pa;iH aiuher ;icMeH>a, a y cpncKHM 6OJT-

HHuaMa yMpjia cy 93 xypcKa BoJHiiKa oa cp;io6ojbe H Tiicjjy-

ca. OBe GojiecTH j e xypcKa BojcKa H /lOHcna y OBaj par . y

npHBpeMeHOJ BoJHOJ 6onHHi;H y riHpoTy H BOJHOJ 6OJIHH-

î H y Hniiiy jieneHH cy H 3apo6jbCHH TypuH.^^ KOJH cy no-

cjie 3aBpmcHor Jicietba TpaHcnopTOBanii y TypcKy. To Je,

nopefl xyMaHHTapHe aHMeH3HJe oeor i ima , 3HaHiiJio H ;ia

Cp6HJa, Kao 035HJLHa ;ip)KaBa, npHXBara H McljyHapoflHe

o6aBe3e {^eHeBCKy KOHBeHUHJy). TypcKa Je 6nna 36yn.e-

Ha, a EBpona o;iyiueBJfaeHa.

Ycnex y OBHM paTOBHvia H cHMnaxHJc ue/ie EBpone 3a

6op6y cpncKor Hapo^a BcpoBaTHO cy 6HTHH pa3JiO3H jia HC-

Majop flp Emi! Knorr, y CBOjoJ BejiHKOj HCTOPHJH

MCflHUHHe, A3 3aBHaHo MecTO HCTopHJary paisoja

TeK (JjopMHpaHor BOJHor caHHreTa CpGHJe (no Knorr-y:

Serbien on. CpeSpeHa 3eMJi.a - Silberland, 04 cpeGpo - Sil-

ber) (19). HCTH ayrop y6p30 nocjie HCTOBpcMeHor pycKo-

TypCKor para H3Heo jc HCKycTBa pycKe BojcKe (20). 3axBa-

jbyjyhH ynopHOCTH Bna^aHa Tiop^eBHha H3HeceHa cy H Ha-

lua

-6 y BoJHoj 6onHHUH y Hwiuy Jie îeHa cy 384 rypcxa paH,e-

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2. Dordevic V. History of the Serbian Military MedicalCorps. Book 1: 1835-1875. History of the SerbianMilitary Medical Corps during the first 40 years of itsdevelopment. Beograd: Ministarstvo vojno; 1879. (inSerbian)

3. Sumojevic V. Vladan Dordevic, MD, the founder of theSerbian Medical Society and the ,,Serbian Archives ofGeneral Medicine". Srp Arh Celok Lek 1972; 100(1):: 1-7. (in Serbian)

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npHMJLen 27. Vni 2002. rofl.

Correspondence to: Mile Ignjatovic, Vojnomedicinska akademija, KHnika za op$tu i vaskulamu hirurgiju; 11040Beograd. Cmotravska 17, Srbija i Cma Gora. Tel: -1-381 11 66 11 22; ext. 31 580.