crash and safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-crash_safety_practices.pdf ·...

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Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA 2. Crashworthiness Restraint Technologies 3. Crash Legal Requirements 4. New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) 5. Front Impact Overview 6. Side Impact Overview 7. Roof Crash Overview 7. Roof Crash Overview

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Page 1: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Crash and Safety overview

Contents1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

2. Crashworthiness Restraint Technologies

3. Crash Legal Requirements

4. New Car Assessment Program (NCAP)

5. Front Impact Overview

6. Side Impact Overview

7. Roof Crash Overview7. Roof Crash Overview

Page 2: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

FMVSS :‐ US Crash Regulations ECE :‐ Europe Crash Regulations  

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 3: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Crashworthiness Restraint Technologies

Lap / ShoulderSafety Belts

Seat Belt Use Reminder

Dual PretensionersBelt Comfort Guide

Energy Management System

Dual Pretensioners

Knee Air Bags

Driver and PassengerFront Air Bags ‐‐ Dual Level

Automatic Door Locks

Rollover‐capableHead Curtain Air Bag

PassengerSensing

Side Impact Air BagsSystem

Page 4: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Crash Legal Requirements and Consumer Rating

Legal requirementsFMVSS 208 ConsumerECE‐R94…

Consumer ratingsUS NCAPEURO NCAP

•Test setups (rigid barrier, ODB, … )

•Dummies (5%ile female, 50%ile male, …)… ( % , % , )

•Crash velocities (40km/h, 56km/h, … )

Basis of ratings: Dummy criteriaBasis of ratings: Dummy criteria

Design of Restraint SystemAdjustment of belt + airbag systems for best overall performance

Page 5: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 6: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 7: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 8: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 9: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 10: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 11: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 12: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 13: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 14: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 15: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 16: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 17: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 18: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Front ImpactFront Impact

Page 19: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Types of Frontal Load cases

Frontal  impact

yp

High Speed Low speed

FMVSS 208 CONSUMER METRIC TEST Danner

OFFSET DEFORMABLE 

BARRIERIIHS EURONCAP

RIGID BARRIERNCAP

IIHS , EURONCAP

Page 20: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 21: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 22: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Physics of a Crash

v• Kinetic Energy = ½ mv2

• Work = F*D; where• F ‐> Average Force on Vehicle by Wall• D ‐> Crush + Rebound of Vehicle

• Dissipate KE into Vehicle Deformation (or Work) but away from occupant

• Energy Dissipation Rate α Injury

F

• Energy Dissipation Rate α Injury

• Constant Force as “ideal”• Axial Crush as preferred mode• Maximize Crush Space• Minimize Intrusion

Page 23: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Structural Deformation in a Crash

rce

Crush

For

Bending

Deflection

Page 24: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Crush Space Measurement

Static Crush Space = Free Crush + Crushed ComponentsDynamic Crush = Static Crush Space + Dynamic Dash Intrusion 

Page 25: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Load Distribution PhilosophyLoad Distribution PhilosophyTransition Zone bridges offset between loadpaths in crush zone & safety cage; 

enables effective load transfer & provides stability control

Page 26: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Side Impact

Page 27: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 28: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 29: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 30: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 31: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Primary Load Path in Side Impact 

St t l it iStructural criteria:• Load transfer continuity to doors.• Small relative displacements• Small absolute displacements up to t=40ms for enabling air bag inflationt 40ms for enabling air bag inflation

Page 32: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Roof Crush

Page 33: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 34: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 35: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA

Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)

Page 36: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA