creating the waterfront city of the future
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Placemaking Creating the Waterfront City of the Future or just a Great MarketTRANSCRIPT
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESAnnapolis, Maryland August 25th, 2010
Placemaking Creating the Waterfront City of the Future or just a Great Market
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“The blunt calculation by public officials that if they can’t make their downtowns and neighborhoods appealing, they can’t compete… all of these hinge on the deceptively simple challenge of creating places… that people intuitively like.” -- Governing Magazine
“Converging Ideas around Place”
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Cities of the Future
Local Values and Assets Authentic and Public
Destinations Neighborhoods Placemaking leading to
Sustainability
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
50 U.S. States, 7 Canadian Provinces
40 Countries 2500 Communities 2 Million visitors to our web sites
(2008) 35,000 people get our electronic
newsletter
35 Years of Placemaking
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Regions where Placemaking has Roots Singapore
South Korea Japan Hong Kong
Czech Republic Montenegro Serbia Kosovo Croatia Hungary Poland Slovakia Romania Bulgaria Georgia Armenia
Australia New Zealand
Netherlands Norway UK/ Scotland Italy
Mexico Colombia Argentina Chile Brazil St Kitts/Nevis
South Africa Tanzania Dubai Abu Dhabi
Canada Chicago Houston Los Angeles
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PPS Program Areas and Transformative
AgendasProgram Areas:
• Transportation• Public Markets• Civic Centers • Parks• Downtowns• Mixed-Use Developments• Campuses • Squares • Waterfronts
Transformative Agendas:
Building Community Through Transportation
Public Markets and Local Economies
Community Anchors / Architecture of Place
Creating Public Multi-Use Destinations
William H. (Holly) Whyte The Organization Man,1956 The Exploding Metropolis, 1958 The Last Landscape, 1968 Plan for the City of New York, 1969 The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces,
1980 City: Rediscovering the Center, 1988
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Museum of Modern Art - NYC
Blank walls are an end in themselves. They declare the supremacy of architecture over humanity, of a building over a person.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Benches are artifacts, the purpose of which is to punctuate architectural photographs. They are not so good for sitting.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“What attracts people most it would appear, is other people.”
One of the best things about water is the look and feel of it…It’s not right to put water before people and then keep them away from it.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
If you want to seed a place with activity, put out food.
If no one wants to go out to the Park, no one is going to stop them. ─ Yogi Berra
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
It’s hard for people to realize that creating a place is more important than design. ─ PPS
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
The street is the river of life,the place where we come to together,
the pathway to the center.– William H. Whyte
What if we Built our Communities aroundHappiness and Community Wellbeing?
Comfort and Amenities
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
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Overarching Ideas
Placemaking Process / The Community is the
Expert Convergence Benefits of Great Places Power of 10
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Placemaking
When you focus on a place, you do everything differently.
What is Placemaking?
Placemaking is a dynamic human function: it is an act of liberation, of staking claim, and of beautification; it is true human empowerment.
Placemaking is turning a neighborhood, town or city from a place you can’t wait to get through to one you never want to leave.
Metropolitan Planning Council - Chicago
“Placemaking” is an overarching idea and a hands-on tool for improving a Neighborhood, City or Region. It has the potential to be one of the most transformative ideas of this century
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
What Makes a Great Place?
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
sociability uses & activities
access & linkages comfort & image
Welcoming
evening usevolunteerism
street life
transit usage
parking usage patternspedestrian activity
Walkable Convenient Accessible
Charm Clean Attractive
Historic
Safe
building conditionsenvironmental data
sanitation ratingcrime stats
Cooperative Neighborly
property valuesland-use patterns
retail sales
business ownership
Special Real
FunActive Vital
Connected
Key Attributes
Intangibles
Measurements
PLACE
Project/DisciplineDriven Approach
• Empowers Communities• Attracts partners, money
& creative solutions• Professionals become
resources• Design supports uses• Solutions are flexible• Engagement and
commitment grow
Pla
ce /
Com
mun
ity
Dri
ven
App
roac
h
Convergence
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Environmental Sustainability
Civil Society/Democracy
Building Public Health and Community Livability
Community Development & Smart Growth
Energy & Consumption
Convergence of Movements
PLACES
Local Food Systems
Transportation & Land Use
Local Economies
Historic Preservation
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Benefits of Good Places
Draws a More Diverse Population
•More women, elderly, and children •Greater ethnic & cultural pluralism•Support for wider range of activities &
uses•New service, retail and customer niches•Variation & character in built
environment• Instilled confidence to create one’s
reality
Fosters More Frequent & Meaningful Interaction
•Improved sociability•Cultural exposure & interaction•Exchange & preservation of
information, wisdom & values•Bolstered barter system•Reduced race & class barriers•Feeling of interconnection
Nurtures & Defines Community Identity•Greater community organization•Sense of dedication & volunteerism•Perpetuation of integrity & values•“Mutual coercion, mutually agreed-upon”•Reduced necessity for municipal control•Self-managing
Promotes Public Health & Comfort•Less crime•More outdoor physical activity•Generally stimulating•Sense of belonging•Improved environmental quality•Feeling of freedom and
limitlessness
Builds & Supports the Local Economy
• Small-scale entrepreneurship• More quality goods available• Higher real estate values• Local ownership, local value• More desirable jobs• Increased currency velocity• Greater tax revenue• Reduced need for municipal
services
Creates Improved Accessibility
•More walkable•Safe for pedestrians•Compatible with public transit•Reduced need for cars &
parking•More efficient use of time &
money•Visually attractive destinations•Greater connections between
uses
Place
Layering of uses to create synergy (Triangulation) = District
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Region/City/Town/
NeighborhoodDestination
s
Place
10+ destinations
10+ places
10+ things to do
Power of 10
Power of 10 Destinations 1980
Power of 10 Destinations Today
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Singapore - 10 Sites
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
6. Sit and relax
1. Read the paper
8. Take a break from a bike ride
3. Learn about upcoming events
2. Window shopping for books
4. Go inside!
10. Have a conversation
7. Read someone else’s book
5. Walk
9. Pet a dog
Power of 10
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Qualities of Great Waterfront Destinations
Access and Linkage
Edge Uses
Attractions & Destinations
Identity & Image
Amenities
Water Uses
Flexibility in Design
Seasonal Strategy
Place Management
Diverse Funding Sources
Reach out like an octopus
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Edge Uses
Gateways and entrances
Focal points
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Attractions & Destinations
Choices of things to do
Triangulation opportunities
Clustered activity around destinations
10+ places
Creating Great Civic Spaces
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Identity & Image
Iconic Features Historic highlights
Creating Great Civic Spaces
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Amenities Attracts cross-section of users Source of local/regional civic
pride Comfortable places to sit Food and markets
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Water Uses
Multiple ways of using or touching water
Water Play Fountains pools
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESPROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
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PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Flexible Design Overlapping and
changing uses Event Spaces Experiment
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Seasonal Strategies Amusement
Features Public Gardens Seasonal Markets Antique Boat Show Cultural Festivals
Creating Great Civic Spaces
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Place Management
Management through: Security/Maintenance Programming Events Managing Destinations Providing Amenities
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Diverse Funding Base
•Public support•Private sponsorship•Broad partnerships
Security -- City Funding
23%
Facility - Parks
Department6%
Event Rentals18%
Tenant Leases
24%
In Kind Donations
17%
Event Sponsorships
12%
Creating Great Civic Spaces
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Access and Linkage
Connected to adjacent areas
Range of transportation options
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Reach out Like an Octopus
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Great Public Spaces: Las Ramblas
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Helsinki Waterfront
Voxholm, Sweden
Case Study: Bergen Harbor
Bergen Waterfront
A
B C
D
E
F
Stavanger Waterfront
Case Study: Granville Island
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Historic Context Canada Mortgage & Housing
Corporation (CMHC) began managing the Island in 1973
Government of Canada invests $19.7-million to renew buildings and infrastructure
Private investors invited to participate in rehabilitation of various buildings
Public Market opens in 1979
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Economic Impact
Annual Economic Activity $215-million
Current Employment - 3,000 employed in 267 businesses
Tax Receipts (1982 to 2006): $393-million
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Placemaking Workshop – Recommendations
Create a series of places throughout Granville Island
Improve / develop each of these spaces in partnership with tenants
Improve access to the Island through better connections
Develop new uses that will attract people in off-peak times
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Vancouver Forum on Multi-Use Public Destinations, June 2010 Public multi-use destinations like Granville Island have proven to be most
successful, and we should replicate them more often. Why do we spend so much money on new developments that don’t work and that don’t attract people?
-Don’t lead with design. The design of multi-use destinations should be to create a “setting” for the uses that are occurring and that emphasize the products and the authentic aspects of the place.
-The importance of government learning to say “yes” to new ideas and developing stronger more trusting relationships with the non-profit and private sector.
-“If you think you’re done, you’re finished” – Developing spaces that are flexible and that “manage themselves.” In other words, ongoing and innovative management is key to create vibrant multi-use destinations.
-“The magic is in the mix.” We are moving beyond the simple concept of “mixed use” toward a technique of development that builds authentic places through establishing settings and uses that are intimately related, interconnected and interdependent. True sustainability comes from the relationships between uses, tenants, and the organizations within a place.
-Find creative funding strategies to keep rents low, attract a range of tenants and incentivize the presence of tenants who may not produce a lot of money for the site, but who bring a lot of foot traffic and are invested in the area.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Munich Victualmarkt
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Placemaking and Transportation:
Streets as Places
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
If we can develop and design streets so that they are wonderful, fulfilling places to be—community-building places, attractive for all people—then we will have successfully designed about one-third of the city directly and will have had an immense impact on the rest.
-- ALAN JACOBS
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
When you design your community around cars and traffic …you get more cars and traffic.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“The only way to make a busy road intersection safe is to make it feel dangerous.”
Shared Streets
STREETS AS PLACES
Drachten, Holland
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESSTREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“If you want vehicles to behave like they are in a village, build a village.”
"Essentially, what it means is a transfer of power and responsibility from the state to the individual and the community.
-Hans MondermanSTREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
ActualCrashes
STREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
When you design your community around people and places … you get more people and places.
Characteristics of Great Public Spaces
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
• Good places breed healthy activity.
• People attract people attract people.
• When you focus on place, you do everything differently.
• It takes many disciplines and skills to create a place.
• It takes a community to create a place.
• Amenities that make a place comfortable are critical.
• You can’t know what you are going to end up with.
• Each place has its own identity.
• You can’t have anything less than excellence.
• You have to have zealous nuts.
• It has to be a…
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
It has to be a Campaign
Developa vision
Become greatcommunicators
Search for impediments
Organize astrong team
AttackComplacency
Produce short term
wins
Take on bigger
challenges
Connect change to the culture
of the community
People Who Make Dramatic Change By John Kotter
Corpus Christi, Texas
Case Study: Balboa Park, San Diego
Placemaking - Creating Balboa Park of the Future
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
What if we Built the Waterfront around Places?
How private can a public space be? How public can a private Space be? What is privatization? When is privatization excessive? How can we create destinations and
then connect them?
Upcoming PPS Conference
www.pps.org
www.pps.orgMaking Places
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