creativity and bipolar illness

duygudurummerkezi

Rasit Tahsin

Stigmatising Mania in Both Ways: Either as Genius or Nuts?

E. Timuçin OralBakırköy State Hospital for Psychiatric & Neurological Diseases

Mood Disorders Outpatient Unit

06 Eylül 2010 Pazartesi

Funny Political Pictures:

“not all of them necessarily have psychiatric diagnoses

of course”


BMW


Robert Schumann

Charles Parker

Gordon Sumner

Sylvia Plath


Stigma is still an important problem for people, and not

only mentally handicapped people but everybody may

need help against it in his entire life…


Public attitudes today – worse than in the 1950s

Phelan et al 1997

Proportion of respondents in a public survey that described a mentally ill person as being violent

“the perception of people with psychosis as being dangerous is stronger today than in the past”

195013%

199631%


Power and confusion surrounds stigmatising terms in the media

23 September 2003

Early edition Later edition


Metaphors in mental illness:influence on public attitudes

Finken 1997

In 40-60% of newspapers the term was used metaphorically

In no case of use was the connotation positive

A study of German language newspapers examined use of the term ‘schizophrenia’


Albright: Whitehouse is Manic Depressive


A manic depressive night: Evaluation of the 2003 Oscar Results


• Science has not so far found a way to prevent all mental illness or cure it

• Stigma is not only a pernicious consequence of mental illness, it is also a risk factor for disease and a direct cause of disability & handicap


Discrimination against thosewith a mental disorder increases

in society

Negative stereotypes prevalentamong the public will be triggered

Stresses the negative effectsof mental illness

Patients not held responsible fortheir illness, leading to moreaccepting attitudes in society

Improves patients’ understandingof the problem and improves

access to help

Provides orientation for patientsand families

Does the ‘mental illness’ label have any help?

YES NO


Trust theperson to

take care ofyour child

Have thepersonmarry

into yourfamily

Rent aroom to the

person

Make friendswith theperson

Start workwith theperson

Steps of social distance

Lauber et al 200406 Eylül 2010 Pazartesi

Attitude Against Mental Illness in University Students (n= 325)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Against beingfriens

Can not work Should not marry

Substance useAlcohol useSchizophreniaDepressionBipolar

Against being neighbors

Should not be a parent

Alkan et al 2004


“With whom you shared your illness and what did they do?”

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1° Relatives 2° Relatives Close friends Friends Close collegues Collegues Neighbors

Who knows illnessStaying away

55 Bipolar Patients%

Alkan-Vahip-Çam 2004


If God created human in his own image, does this mean that God has a mental illness? If not so,

who created mentally handicapped people?

Norman Sartorius


I want to know God’s thougts; rest are details

Albert Einstein


Are all creative artists Bipolar?


WritersHans Christian Andersen Honore de Balzac James Barrie Arthur Benson (H) William Faulkner (H) F. Scott Fitzgerald (H) Lewis Grassic Gibbon (SA) Nikolai Gogl Maxim Gorky (SA) Kenneth Graham Graham Greene Ernest Hemingway (H, S) Hermann Hesse (H, SA) Henrik Ibsen William Inge (H, S) Henry James William James Charles Lamb (H) Malcolm Lowry (H, S) John Bunyan Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) Joseph Conrad (SA) Charles Dickens Isak Dinesen (SA) Ralph Waldo Emerson Herman Melville Eugene O'Neill (H, SA) John Ruskin (H)Mary Shelley Jean Stafford (H)Robert Louis Stevenson Leo Tolstoy Ivan Turgenev Tennessee Wiilliams (H) Mary Wollstonecraft (SA) Emile Zola Virginia Woolf (H, S)


PoetsAntonin Artaud (H) Konstantin Batyushkov (H, SA) Charles Baudlaire (SA) Thomas Lovell Beddoes (S) John Berryman(H, S) William Blake Aleksandr Blok Barcroft Boake (S) Louis Bogan (H) Rupert Brooke Robert Burns George Gordon (Lord Byron) Thomas Campbell Paul Celan (S) Thomas Chatterton (S) John Clare (H) Harley Coleridge Samuel T ColeridgeWilliam Collins (H) William Cowper (H, SA) Hart Crane (S) George Darley John Davidson (S) Emily DickinsonErnest Dowson T S Eliot (H) Sergey Esenin (S) Robert Fergusson (H) Afanasy Fet (SA) Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea Edward FitzGerald John Gould Fletcher (S) Gustaf Froding (SA, H) Oliver Goldsmith Adam Lindsay Gordon (S) Thomas Gray Nikolai Gumilyov (SA) Robert Stephen HawkerFriedrich Holderlin (H) Gerard Manley HopkinsVictor Hugo Randal Jarrell (H, S)


Poets IISamuel Johnson John Keats Henry Kendall (H) Velimir Khlebnikov (H) Heinrich Von Kleist (S) Walter Savage Landor Nikolaus Lenau (H) J.M.R. Lenz (SA) Mikhail Lermontov Vachel Lindsay (S) James Russell Lowell Robert Lowell (H) Hugh MacDiarmid (H) Louis MacNeice Osip Mandelstam (H, SA) James Clarence Mangan Vladimir Mayakovsky (S) Edna St Vincent Millay (H) Alfred de Musset Gerard de Nerval (H, S) Boris Pasternak (H) Cesare Pavese (S) Edgar Allan Poe (SA) Ezra Pound (H)Alexander Pushkin Laura Riding (SA)Theodore Roethke (H) Delmore Schwartz (H)Anne Sexton (H, S) Percy Bysshe Shelley - (SA)Christopher Smart (H) Torquato Tasso (H)Sara Teasdale (H, S) Alfred, Lord tennysonDylan Thomas Edward ThomasFrancis Thompson George Trakl (H, S)Marina Tsvetayeva (S) Walt WhitmanSylvia Plath (H, S)


Painters

Ralph Barton (S) Francesco Bassano (S) Ralph Blakelock (H) Francesco Borromini(S) Richard Dadd (H) Edward Dayes (S) Paul Gauguin (SA) Theodore Gericault Vincent van Gogh (H,S) Arshile Gorky (S)Philip Guston (H) Benjamin Haydon (S) Carl Hill (H) Ernst Josephson (H)George Innes (SA) Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (H, S) Edwin Landseer (H) Wilhelm Lehmbruck (S) John Martin Charles Meryon (H) Michaelangelo Buonarroti Adolphe Monticelli Edvard Munch (H) Jules Pascin (S) Georgia O’Keefe (H) Raphaelle Peal (H) Jackson Pollock (H) George Romney Dante Gabriel Rossetti (SA) Mark Rothko (S) Nicolas de Stael (S) Pietro Testa (S) Henry Tilson (S) George Frederic Watts Sir David Wilkie Anders Zorn


Musicians

Anton Arensky Hector Berlioz (SA) Anton Bruckner (H) Jeremiah Clarke (S) John Dowland Edward Elgar Carlo Gesualdo Mikhail Glinka George Frederic Handel Gustav Holst Charles Ives Otto Klemperer (H) Orlando de Lassus Gustav Mahler Modest Mussorgsky Sergey Rachmaninoff Giocchino Rossini Alexander ScriagbinPeter Tchaikovsky Peter Warlock (S)Hugo Wolf (H, SA) Bernd Alois Zimmerman (S)

Robert Schumann (H, SA)

Irving Berlin (H) Noel Coward Stephen Foster Charles Mingus (H) Charles Parker (H, SA) Cole Porter (H) Bud Powell (H) Kurt Cobain (S 1994)


Living BP

Buzz Aldrin Francis Ford Coppola Patty Duke Larry Flynt Linda Hamilton Peter Gabriel Peter Nolan LawrenceKate Millett Ilie Nastase Charley Pride Axl RoseTed Turner Jean-Claude Van DammeGordon Sumner


Are all creative artists Bipolar?

ALMOST

but it is not necessary to named as Bipolar

to be certified as creative


You have some schizophrenia and some psychological

depressions and much more sir

Prof Shrink

Yihhouuou I became an artist. I’ll paint, carve,

write poems, novels now

Prof Shrink


If somebody has any idea about depression or bipolar illness, you can

easily understand it from his/her work


Sylvia Plath


Lady Lazarus I have done it again.

One year in every ten I manage it-----

The nose, the eye pits, the full set of teeth? The sour breath Will vanish in a day.

Soon, soon the fleshThe grave cave ate will beAt home on me

And I a smiling woman.I am only thirty.And like the cat I have nine times to die.

This is Number Three.………………………………………………………


………………………………………………………

The first time it happened I was ten.It was an accident.

The second time I meantTo last it out and not come back at all.I rocked shut

As a seashell.They had to call and callAnd pick the worms off me like sticky pearls.

DyingIs an art, like everything else.I do it exceptionally well.

I do it so it feels like hell.


Is it necessary to be in the manic or depressive episode to create in BPD; if so which episode is it?


54 artists and 33 healthy volunteers

Mood Disorders in artists and in their relatives is significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001)

A significant positive correlation was found between artistic creativity and mood episodes (p < 0.001)

The Relationship Between Mood and Artistic Creativity (Mumcu et al 1998)


Diagnosis Control Artist

No Rx 25 % 75.8 5 % 9.3

Adjustment Disorder with Anxiety 1 % 3.0

BP I 12 % 22.2

BP II 21 % 38.9

Adjustment Disorder with Depression 2 % 6.1

Dysthymia 1 % 1.9

Alcohol-Substance Abuse 1 % 1.9

Schizo-affective 3 % 5.6

Cyclothymia 2 % 3.7

Somatoform Disorder 1 % 3.0 1 % 1.9

UP-D 3 % 9.1 8 % 14.8

GAD 1 % 3


No correlation% 2

% 15

% 23% 45

increase in depression/mania% 15

% 15

% 30% 44

% 11

Mumcu et al, 1998

increase in euthymia

increase in depressionincrease in mania /hypomania

decrease in mania /hypomania No correlation

decrease in depression decrease in euthymia


Creativity in Mood Disorders: Limited only to art?


Fill my eyesO Lithium sunsetAnd take this lonesome burdenOf worry from my mind

Take this heartacheOf obsidian darknessAnd fold my darknessInto your yellow lightI've been scattered I've been shatteredI've been knocked out of the raceBut I'll get betterI feel your light upon my face

Heal my soulO Lithium sunsetAnd I'll ride the turning worldInto another night

See mercury falling...


Take Home Message

Bipolar Disorder is very important like all other mental disorders, but avoid stigmatising it

either ways


creativity and bipolar illness

Education