Creole as a language

Gyeoung-min BagHye-sung Kim

Table of contents

• The definition of Pidgin & Creole• The developmental stage of Creole• Video to watch through youtube• Linguistic features of Creole (Jamaican Creole)• Conclusion• References

Definition of Pidgin & Creole

Pidgin Creole

- No native speaker

- mixing of language

- reduced grammar & vocabulary

- Native speaker exist - mixed language associated with cultural and often racial mixture - have parents who use pidgin

The devel-opmental

phenomena from Jargon to standard language

Three types of develop-ments

1. Abrupt Language: early nativization eg) Hawaiian pidgin English

2. stabilized pidgin -> Creole eg) North Australian Creole

3. Gradual change -> Creole eg) New Guinea Tok Pisin

Jamaican creole

Jamaican creole

• www.youatube.com/watch?v=6j6xlGmg95a (0:25~1:05)

• Smaddy – somebody someone - phonological feature

• Chakka chakka – untidy - morphological feature

• Dutty up – to make dirty / Galang – go on - morphological feature

Creole is a “Language”

• Creativity - possible to product new utterances

e.g.) I man don’t play hockey, I eat hockey(ackee)!

Creole is a “Language”• Syntactic features- Each of morphemes and phonemes has a identity and that of place in sen-tences.

Creole is a “Language”

• Morphological features e.g.) likl – likla – liklis (comparative / superlative)

e.g.) dem bwoy-ya / dat mango-de (demonstrates)

e.g.) huoli-huoli (Full Reduplications)

e.g.) sidong / pudong / dwiit/ wentaim (alternatives)

Distinctions between Jam and Eng

e.g.) singular plural

1 person mi wi 2 person yu unu3 person im(s/he) dem i(it)

Distinctions between Jam and Eng

• Gender differentiation / declen-sion

e.g.) im can be translated he/him/she/her wi can be translated us

dem can be translated they/them

e.g.) mi buk / yu buk / dem buk

Distinctions between Jam and Eng

• Plural Marking / Negation

e.g.) unman-dem / dawta-dem

e.g.) Wi no kayta / Mi naa(no+a) go Mi neba nuo dat / Nobody neva ansa dat

Distinctions between Jam and Eng

• Tense Structuree.g.) Mi lef I leave(habitually) ; left Mi a lef I am leaving Mi ena(en+a) lef I was leaving Mi en lef I have left ; I had left

Conclusion

• Jamaican creole is a language based on the “design features” classification of language

• Jamaican creole can also be considered a “full” language because it has undergone structure formalization, to phonology, mor-phology and syntax

• There are marked distinctions between standard British English and Jamaican creole

References

• 피진과 크리올의 분화 , 2004, 이원진• 크리올의 특성비교 : 언어학적 관점에서 , 2004, 박찬후

• 영어전쟁 그 후 , 2010, 서영교• The Emergence of Pidgin and Creole

Languages, 2008, SIEGEL, Jeff• Syntactic features