1

critExµr rbs'

bußNöcnæ-mu"l

¨bFanBuTiìksmaKmmCÎmNëlsaFarNrd½Exµr

tMNagra¨s¶ mNëldUneBj

¨bFanKN:kmµkarvbºFmá nigFmµkar «nsPaCati

p§ayecjBI

eKhd½anelx 75 v̂fé Ehm ecov

-P~MeBj-

eVHBumõelIkTI 1

Bùsù 2517 Kùsù 1973

-

rk§asiTiì

2

Garm¸kfa

enHCas~a«dTI 2 rbs'xƬMbnæab'BIerOg KukneyaVy(R) . KMnit«nkarniBnìerOgKukneya-

Vy y"agNaenaH Gs'elakG~kswgVn¨CabsBèKb'ehIy enAk~¬gesovePAenaH.

ÇcritExµrÈ s~a«dfµéenH k*manKMnitBuMxusq©aybu"nµan GMBIKukneyaVyEdr. xƬMmanbMNgFM

cg'[exmrCn mansµartIPÆak'rlwkPÂWfÂa[kan'Etcºas'eLIg yl'bJúasgðmCati, yl'pl

¨beyaCn_rYm, yl'cMeNaTksagCati Tan'eBlevla.

ÇcritExµrÈ s¶ab'eTAdUcCaG~kniBnìmanKMnitriHKn' bn¶¬Hbgíab'EtExµrK~aäg bu"En¶tamkarBit

KWniyay[eXIjnUvTid½^manH erIseGIgrbs'ExµrmYyEp~k EdlbN¶al[ekItplGa¨kk'dl'

sgðmnigbk§. eyIg¨tèvEt¨by&t~nigGb'rMkuM[manTid^½rebobenaHeTot. eJlmYyEbbeTot KWfa

eqûIHykKnÂgGa¨kk'mklat¨tdagedémºI[eyIgsíb'exõIm ehIyecosvagBIKnÂgenaH rYc¨bkan'

yknUvKnÂgNaEdllí¨besIrmkv^j. niyay[xÂIeTAKWfa ÇcritExµrÈ CarUbmn¶ s¨mab'bgúaj

KuNv^bti¶EdlbN¶aleLIgedaymnus§mYyC÷BUk EdlKµanlkÅN:cit‘Camnus§esaH. KWBYk

TSgenaHägehIy EdlnS[bk§BYknigsgðmCatiGs'famBl ehIydl'nUvPaBhinehac

exÂacp§aenaH.

xƬMKµanbMNgesaH k~¬gkarriHKn' Gs'elakvérCnbuBÃbursCatiExµr EdlelakVnbMeBj

ehIynUvBlikmµedémºICati xÂHdl'eTAhßanlHbg'Cév^tenaH. cMeJHGs'elakTSgenaH xƬMVn

eKarBnamnigskmµPaBrbs'elakCa¨b¨ktI ehIyEtgykCabTerons¨mab'Cév^teTotpg.

xƬMsuMriHKn' cMeJHEtBYkmnus§NaEdlmanxÂçndUcCastà KµanÓt¶mKti Kµanv^carN-

JïaNesaHenaHEtbu"eNöaH, ehIyedayKit karriHKn'enaHäg¨tèvEtsresrTuk ¨tèvEtniyay[

d·g e¨JHxÂçnxƬMVnsegûtpæal' ¨BmTSgVneFÃIskmµPaBCamYypg dUcCaGMeBIrbs'BYk²s§r:Ca

edém EdleFÃI[xƬMxUccit¶Gs'mYyCév^t bnæab'BIVnemIleXIjskmµPaB«¨B«p§«nBYkenaHk~¬g¨Ka

EdlxƬMrs'enACamYy.

dUec~HehIy xƬMVTsUmGP&yeTasCamunGMBIsMNak'Gs'mit¶G~kGan E¨kgelamanJk´

¨tg'NaBuMsmrm´ b"HJl'dl'rUbnamGs'elak sUmGs'elakemt¶axn¶IGP&yeTas BIe¨JHkar

BiBNánaenAk~¬genH manPaBTUeTAeBk.

bMNgrbs'xƬM KWcg'Et[manKMnitriHKn'sÄabnaekIteLIg p§ayCaesovePACalay

lkÅN_Gk§redémºICYyrMlwkK~a[yl' nUvmaKáalíGa¨kk'¨Kb'y"ag mincUlcit¶niyayEcb"E¨b

lblak'bUjmat'bt'du÷«d G~kenHGuIecH G~kenaHGIucuHesaHeLIy. xƬMVnKiteXIjdl'cas'@brm

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ

(R) elakG~kcg'GanerOg KukneyaVy enH sUmemt¶acUleTA amekhmer.free.fr rYccuc¨tg' Khmerbooks

3

buraNrbs'eyIg EdlelakmanKMnit¨bEd¨bedAkUnecA[Vnsðal'esck¶IsuxcMerInk~¬gCév^t

m~ak'@ rhUtdl'sgðmCati edayelakB´ayamcg¨kgJk´TUnµanCae¨cIn ekIteTACabTsik§a

Gk§rsaås¶ExµrsBëf©enH dUcCacºab'ekrkal, Jk´cas', Caedém. eyIgcas'sm&yenH yl'

ehtuply"agNak~¬gd÷eNIrCév^t EdleyIgVnluyqÂgkat'mkehIy KYrEtnSd÷eNIrenaHmkd÷-

Nalpg [ekµg¨skre¨kayK~ad·g K~a¨bugsµartIecosvagGMeBIGa¨kk'Camun kuM[tamKnÂg

cas'. enATIbJÍb' xƬMsUm¨bkaseb¶CÆaCaÓLarikfa: KMnitxƬM suMekItCaExµr rs'CaExµr sÂab'CaExµr

xƬMsUmbUCaCév^tcMeJHEtbuKðlNaEdlesµaHnwgCatiExµr, xƬMsMueb¶CÆacit¶faBuM¨BmbMerIbuKðlNa

EdlKµancit¶esµaH¨tg'nwgCati, ¨bkan'Gatµaniym bk§BYkniym p¶ac'karniym nigmanKMnitj¬H

jg'bMEbkbMVk'samKðICati edémºIBYk¨kum¨tçt¨taenaHesaHeLIy.

¨bkarmYyeTot tamC÷enO¨BHBuTìsasna zansYKá zan¨BHniJÃn manEmnsMrab'buKðl

G~ksagkuslVrmIGs'GEgÃgkbºklº man¨BHBuTìCaedém CaTIEdlKYr¨CHfÂa ¨Vf~aeTAekIt

Nas' bu"En¶xƬMBuMmansMNUmsm¨Vf~afanwgeTAekItTIenaHesaH eTaHbIÓbmafa xƬMmankuslfanwg

VneTAekItTIenaHdUc¨Vf~ak¶I. drabNa ¨beTsExµrenAEtmanlMVkevTnaEhlk~¬gf¬kQam

EdlekItmkGMBIkarkab'cak'K~adUcsBëf© xƬMsÂab'eTA sUmkuslplbuN´bJØènxƬM[mkekItCa

ExµrenHeTotelITwkdéenH Gs'kbºklºGEgÃgCati kuM[xƬMXÂatxÍat'¨Jt'vegÃgeTAekItTINaep§g

eLIy edémºICYyCatiExµr CYy¨beTsExµr CalMdab'CatierograbdrabeTA! enHCascÍvaTrbs'xƬM!

- sUm[¨beTsExµr sÄitenAEtCarbs'ExµrCanicÍ!

- sUmBiPBelak manyuti¶FmácMeJHmnus§CatiTUeTA!

- sUm¨bCaBlelak VncMerInk~¬gpÂèvsn¶iPaB!

eFÃIenAP~MeBj«f©TI 28 emsa 2517/1973

bußNöcnæ-mu"l

4

esck¶Iep¶ém

eyIgTSgGs'K~a EdlmaneQµaHfaCaG~ktsUß ehIyEdleTIbEtrYcecjmkGMBIKuk

¨cvak' k*VnmkenACYbCu÷K~aenAnwgP~MeBjenH. Cb"unEdlCaG~kÓbtÄm̧nUvneyaVy eyIgk*enAEt

CYuyp¶l'nUvKMnitdl'¨kumbd^vt¶n_eyIgdEdl. Cbu"nBuMTan'caj'kmÂSg¨kumsmõnìmit¶enAeLIyeT fÃé

tºitEt¨kugP~MeBj¨tèvrg¨Kab'Ebkrbs'kgT&Bsmõnìmit¶ (kalBI«f©TI 5 kum̧: 1945) k*eday.

minEtbu"eNöaH enA«f©TI 9 mIna 1945 Cbu"n EfmTSgVneLamB&Tìcab'VrSgenAP~MeBjTSgGs'

eTotpg.

elak sWg g"ukfaj' Edlrt'eTAkan'¨beTsCbu"n tSgBIVrSgcab'elakGacar´ Ehm

ecov enaH k*Vn¨tèvCbu"nCYy[mkv^j enAExÓsPa1945. BIra¨tITI 8 eTATI 9 ExsIha 1945

yuvCnExµr nigTahan k*eFÃIbd^vt¶n_rMlMrd½aPiVlelak Gwug GIu EdlenAe¨kamGaNaB´aVl

VrSg rYcenA«f©TI 14 ExsIha q~SdEdl elak sWg gu"kfaj' k*¨tèvVncat'tSgCanaykrd½aPi

VleLIg.

k~¬gsÄanPaBenH eyIgral'K~aCaG~kneyaVy ehIyEdlmanCbu"nCYyÓbtÄm̧enaH KYr

Nas'EtVnsbºayePÂItePÂInk~¬gcit¶ bu"En¶pæ¬uyeTAv^j eyIgBuMVnnwkKitdUec~aHeLIy eyIgral'

K~anwkeXIjfa kmÂSgBYksmõnìmit¶¨bEhlCanwgbEnÄmeLIg edémºIp¶çllMnwgeyIgenHeTAv^jVn

enA«f©NamYy e¨JHeKkMBugerobcMsMebImNas' edémºIbnæc'GanuPaBCbu"n ÉfaeK¨tèvkar¨tçt¨ta

²Nëècindac'mux.

kalebIKiteXIjdUec~aH eyIgral'K~ak*KitrkpÂèvCae¨scfa nwgeKc[putBIkN¶ab'«d

VrSg ebIVrSgQ~HCbu"nv^jenaH eyIg¨tèvecj[puteTAe¨kA edémºIriHrkmeF´aVyrMedaH¨suk

teTAeTot.

«f©mYyCYbCuMK~a k*Bie¨KaH¨Bme¨BogK~afa ebIVrSgQ~HCbu"n eyIg¨tèvecjeTA¨sukesom

nig¨sukyYn.

dUcEdleyIgVnpðg¨BçyenaHEmn «f©TI 16 tula 1945 BYkVrSgk*lºçgcab'elak

nayk sWg gu"kfaj' eTA ehIy¨BmTSgrkcab'CnCa«deCégeTot (manBYkeyIgG~ktsUßenHäg).

dUcEdlVn¨JgTuk BYkG~ktsUßEckbMEbkK~aecjCaBIr¨kum. mYy¨kummanelak V"c

QWn, elak ecA EsnkuslQuM (kaleNaHCaecAhÃayext¶kMBg'cam), elak¨sI sWg gu"k

faj' namedém LS FIGßuk nigCnCae¨cIneTot VneTAenAVsak' (kmõ¬Cae¨kam). äcMENkxƬM

5

bußNöcnæ-mu"l xƬMmanmam~ak'eQµaH bu"k KuN ehA ¨tLac enAext¶Vt'd÷bg EdlkaleNaH

esom¨tçt¨taCarbs'esom. ¨BM¨bTl'Exµr-esomkaleNaHenA¨tg'sÃaydUnEkv.

teTAmux Gs'elakG~knwgVn¨CabGMBId÷eNIrrbs'xƬMpæal'eTAkan'ext¶Vt'd÷bg nigGMBI

kMeNItExµr²s§r:¨BmTSgskmµPaBGÃIxÂH«n¨kumenaH. skmµPaBBYkenaH eXIjfapæ¬yBIeKal

bMNgrbs'eyIgG~kneyaVyrMedaHCati, pæ¬yBIKMnitrbs'eyIgEdlCaG~kbegûétBYkenaH.

skmµPaBBYkenaH KWCaKuNv^bti¶m´a"gEdlp¶l'[xƬMkMhkcit¶y"agFMdrabsBëf©.

ehtuenaHehIy eTIbxƬMniyayriHKn'GÃI@ xƬMcUlcit¶fa ÇenHehIycritExµrÈ ral'dgdUec~H

äg.

v&ycas'bu"eNöHehIy xƬMsUmcg«dGnuCnC÷nan'e¨kaynUvs~a«denH edémºICabTBicarNa

riHrkpl¨beyaCn_CUnbgbíènrYmCatik~¬gsaFarNrd½ExµrteTAeTotpg edayecosvagnUvGMeBI

eXareXA kab'smÂab'K~aägeday«¨B«p§enaHteTAeTot.

sUm[manyuti¶Fmák~¬gsgðm edémºIvDónPaBnigsuPmgðlrbs'saFarNrd½Exµr.

P~MeBj«f©TI 20 kum̧: 1973

bußNöcnæ-mu"l

6

karePosxÂçnrbs'xƬM

enA«f©TI 16 tula 1945 evlaem"ag 11 knÂH«f© BYksmõnìmit¶Vnmk¨beLamcab'

elaknayk sWg gu"kfaj' enAv^manrd½aPiVlykeTA. Vnd÷NwgenHPÂam xƬMCaG~kmanxÂçn¨sab'

k*¨tèvEtePoscen¿sxÂçnecjeTAe¨kAdUcVn¨JgTuk. xƬMC÷nuMnwg¨KçsareXIjfa¨tèvePoseTAenA

nwgma¨tLacrbs'xƬMäVt'd÷bg EdlkaleNaH ext¶Vt'd÷bgesomenA¨tçt¨taCarbs'esom.

äkarEdleFÃId÷eNIr KW¨tèvBgÃagpÂèvkuM[eKtamcab'Vn. KWfamin¨tèvecjeTAtampÂèvxageCégP~M-

eBj¨tg'eTAEtm¶geT e¨JHBYkb"UlIsnigKijVrSge¨tob¨taenApÂèvenH cScab'BYkG~kePosxÂçn

ecjeTAesom. xƬM¨tèvbEgÃgpÂèv eTAxagTenÂFMkMBg'cam rYcswmbkmkE¨Bkk¶amv^j vagBYkKij

enAm¶¬MKILèelx 6 P~MeBjpg nigbMVt'danpg. m´a"geTot karecjd÷eNIrtamdgTenÂFMenH xƬMk*

nwgGacVnCYbnwgmit¶Pki¶G~kbd^vt¶n_e¨cInK~aeTot enAtamdgTenÂFM xƬMnwgVnC¨mabmit¶TSgenaH

[¨CabBI¨Bwt¶ikarN_fµé@ rYcnwglaeKeTAe¨kA¨sukpg. ¨KçsarxƬMVn¨Bme¨BogtamenH eday

Nat'K~aeTotfa xƬMeTAdl'TenÂbiT[sMNak'enAnwgpæHbg¨busxƬMeQµaH bußNöcnæ-fat' eFÃIkarenA

hagsSgEsúlTenÂbiT äeKenAäP~MeBjäeNH nwgykLanmYyecjeTAkMBg'cam cSTTYlxƬM

EdlmkBITenÂbiT nSykmkE¨Bkk¶amv^j rYcswmbn¶d÷eNIreTAVt'd÷bg.

VnNat'K~ae¨scVc'dUec~aHehIy l©acenaHxƬMykmasBIrdu÷Carbs'pæal'xÂçn mUrnwgcegûH

exaTuksMrab'dUrcayenA¨sukeKeBlNaKµan¨Vk' rYcykkSePÂIgxÂItUcmYyesotcegûH rYceLIg

7

kg'¨bNSg (course)(1) rbs'xƬM¨bjab'¨bjal'eTAkan'cMkarcºarGMeBA xƬMBYnenATIenaHeTA. sUm

C÷rabfa m¶ayÒBukxƬMmancMkarFMmYyenAcºarGMeBAenH. xƬMsMrakenATIenaHmYyyb' ¨BwkeLIgm~Im~a

Fak'kg'tampÂèvP~MeBj«¨BnKr kat'valsºèvE¨BkägeTAdl'¨sukKKIr eTIbcuHBIpÂèvCati kat'eTA

eCég rYcqÂgTUkeTAeLIge¨tIylÃaäm. mkdl'e¨tIyenH xƬMeLIgkg'eFÃId÷eNIrtammat'Ten eqõaH

eTAkan'E¨BkhÂçg. dl'E¨BkhÂçgem"ag 13 Cag xƬMk*Qb'sMrakrkGaharTTYlTan. bnæab'mkxƬM

k*eTArkpæHmit¶m~ak'eQµaHxan' mit¶xan'¨bjab'¨bjal'sYrxƬMGMBI¨Bwti¶karN_enAP~MeBj Edlfa

VrSgcab'elak sWg-gu"kfaj'. KiteTAmit¶xan' Camnus§tamdanerOg¨sukeTsxÂSgNas'Edr

KYrsresIr. xƬMeqÂIy¨Vb'hUrEheTAv^jfa: BitEmnehIy, elak sWg-g"ukfaj' ¨tèvVrSgcab'

ehIy, ehIyG~käeTotCabk§BYkk*¨tèvVrSgrkcab'Edr, äxƬMenHk*¨tèvePosxÂçn edémºIrkpÂèvtsUß

eTAmuxeTot xƬM¨tèveTAkan'Vt'd÷bg Et¨tèvbEgÃgmktampÂèvenH rYceTAsMNak'enAnwgTenÂbiT eTIb

bkmkE¨Bkk¶amv^j. mit¶xan'yl'erOgKat'gk'kºal rYcXat'xƬMfa: ²LèvbíènägeTAtamkV"l'

vijeTA¨sYlCag e¨JHĈHkg'tampÂèveKakBiVkNas', yb'enHsMrakenApæHxƬMehIy, ¨BwkEsík

em"ag 6 knÂHswmcuHkV"l'! xƬMk*yl'¨Bm. yb'enaHxƬMsMNak'enAnwgpæHmit¶xan'edaysux¨sçl.

¨BlwmeLIgmit¶xan'CUnxƬMmkkan'EpkV"l' rg'cSkV"l'eLIg(2). kV"l'mkdl' mit¶xan'Vn[Br

xƬMy"age¨cInsuM[eTAenA¨sukeKVnsuxsbºay edémºIeFÃIkarrMedaH¨beTsCatiteTAeTot. xƬMelIk

«dTTYlBrmit¶xan'edayesµaH rYck*elIkkg'dak'elIsµa lamit¶xan'cuHkV"l'TSgGal&y.

kV"l'ecjBIEp XÂatq©aymkeTIbxƬMGgð¬ycuH EtxƬMenAEtsmÂwgmit¶xan'Tal'Etq©ayemIlElg

eXIj.

kV"l'dutÓsEm"¨t rlak'xÂçntic@ dUceKG¨gçn emIleTAe¨kayEKmrlkxÍayrt'eTA

e¨kay, yUr@ m¶g va[sIuepÂcUlEp¨BH¨bsb' rkaekag E¨BkeJFi_, JmCékg .l. rYcem"ag

¨bmaNCa 13 eTIbVnmkdl'TenÂbiT. xƬMelIkkg'cuHBIkV"l' rYcrUtrH¨bjab'eLIgeKak xƬMĈH

kg'eTArkpæHbg bßuNöcnæ-fat' rbs'xƬM. xƬMniyayrayrab'¨Vb'bgxƬMtamd÷eNIrerOg. bg

bußNöcnæ-fat' k*TTYl[xƬMs~ak'enAeday¨bug¨by&t~. xƬMs~ak'enAnwgpæHbgxƬMVnmYyyb' ¨Bwk

eLIg k*¨tèvbgenHCUnd÷eNIrqÂgmk¨kugkMBg'cam edémºICYbnwgbgbíènEdlNat'K~aBIP~MeBj.

eBlmkdl'¨kugkMBg'cam xƬMk*VnCYbnwgbgbíèn¨BmTSgkµçy@ xƬMCae¨cInnak'EdlmkBIP~MeBj

KWbíèn b"ugga" (¨sI), bíèn lU (¨bus) kµçy CYn-eCOn, CYn-mu"m, CYn-¨bsiTì Edlykrfyn¶sIu¨tè

eGn 15 esHrbs'bg¨sIxƬMenAP~MeBjmkTTYlxƬMtamNat'. xƬMykkg'eTATuknwgk¶itLan. xƬMnig

G~kTSgGs'K~alabg bßuNöcnæ-fat' eLIgLanbt'kºalmkTisxaglicv^j. enAk~¬gLan TSg

Gs'K~aniyay¨Vb'xƬMfa: l©acmijBYk¨ksYgsm©at' 3-4 nak' VneTArkxƬMenAäpæHmuxvt¶ ÓNöa

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1)- kg'EdlxƬMe¨bI¨Vs'k~¬geBlenaH xƬMrk§aTukrhUtsBëf©CaGnus§avrIy_[kUnxƬMVneXIjekr¶i_dMENlÒBuktsUßk~¬g

sm&yenaH.

(2)- Jk´e¨bIsMrab'd÷eNIrtamTenÂemKgð kV"l'eLIg KWkV"l'EdlebIkeLIgBIP~MeBjeTAkMBg'cam ¨kecH, kV"l'cuH KW

kV"l'EdlebIkcuHBIenaHeTAP~MeBjv̂j. niyaytamd÷eNIrTwkhUr EdlhUrBI¨kecHeTAkMBg'camcuHeTAP~MeBj.

8

elam EtbgbíènxƬMeqÂIyfa minVneXIjxƬMmkpæHeT enaHBYkenaHk*¨tLb'eTAv^jeTA. xƬMnwkeXIj

faEmn BYkVrSgtamrUbxƬMEmn ebIminVneKcmkeT ¨bEhlCaxƬMmane¨KaHFM Cab'eTaseTAekaH

¨tLacÉy"agNa@ eTotBuMxan. xƬMnwkeXIjeTot Jk´G~kes~h_s~iTìVrSgEdlfa [EtVrSg

Q~HCbu"nnwgGal¨Vb'VrSg[cab'BYkxƬM BYkGacar´ Ehm ecov dak'KukCafµéeTot. Jk´enHeK

VneJleBlEdlxƬMrt'rYcBIekaH¨tLacmkenAP~MeBjv^jenaH. {! ExµreGIy ebIrvl'EtykKab'

KYrnwgCatieK ehIysuxcit¶smÂab'ExµrK~aägy"agh~wg etInwg[¨sukeTsedéreTAmuxem"cnwgrYc?

enAeBlEdlrfyn¶Ĉtnwgdl'E¨Bkk¶am xƬM[rfyn¶Qb'dak'xƬMcuH [G~kTSgGs'K~aqÂg

saLageTAcuH ehIy[ebIkeTAcSenAPUmimYyĈtkMBg'hÂçg xƬMnwgqÂgeTACYb¨tg'TIenaH. eyIg¨tèv

vag¨tg'kMBg'cmÂgE¨Bkk¶amenH tºitxÂacmanKijb"UlIsEqkeqreTot. Nat'K~adUec~aHe¨sc bg

bíènxƬMk*ebIkLaneTAqÂgsaLag äxƬMk*ĈHkg'xƬMtampÂèvmat'Ten¨tg'eTAeCég. luHTnæwmnwgPUmimYy

EdlVnNat'enaH xƬMk*Qb' rYck*rkTUkeKqÂg. Cakusllí manTUkmYyeKTTYlcmÂgeTA xƬMVn

dl'e¨tIydUc¨Vf~a ehIyQrcSrfyn¶bgbíènxƬM. e¨kaymkrfyn¶mkdl'xƬMk*VneLIgĈHteTA

eTot. KiteTAdMeNIrePosxÂçnenH kkickkucNas'.

rfyn¶VneFÃId÷eNIreTAmuxq©ayKµanQb'Qr eTAdl'ext¶eJFisat'. sUmC¨mabfa

kaleNaHext¶Vt'd÷bg, ¨tèvesom¨tçt¨taCarbs'esom ehIyman¨BM¨bTl'nwgExµr ¨tg'sÃay

dUnEkv. rfyn¶VnnSxƬMdl'sala¨suk¨tJMgCg, hYsBIsala¨suk¨tJMgCg¨bEhl 7

KILèEm"¨t dl'kEnÂgs©at'k*Qb'. TSgGs'K~acuHBIrfyn¶ xƬMk*ebIkKMrbk¶itLanykeTac¨kyanxƬM

ecjmk. Ca{kasEdlxƬM¨tèvEbkBIbgbíènkµçyCaTI¨sLaj'ehIy. xƬM¨tèveFÃIdMeNIreTAEtm~ak'

ägk~¬geBlenHehIy. xƬMk*niyaylabíèn¨busbíèn¨sInigkµçyxƬMfa sUmbíèn@ nigkµçy@ emIlEfTS

¨Kçsarpg e¨JHxƬMeTAenHBuMmankMNt'fa«f©NanwgVnv^lmkCYbCu÷¨Kçsarv^jeT, kartsUßmanEt

sÂab'ehIynigrs'CaKUK~a. CaBiessxƬMVnp¶SkµçyxƬM CYn-eCOn, CYn-mu"m, CYn-¨bsiTì [xMeron

EmnETnedémºICYyExµrteTApg. kµçy@ TSgenHk*fa xƬMnwgeKarBtamJk´ma¨BmTSgeFÃItamKnÂg

ma²trMlg. ehIybíèn@ nigkµçy@ xƬMk*[BrxƬMsUmeTA[Vnsuxsbºay eFÃIkarbMerICatiVn

eCaKC&yteTAGnaKt. xƬMTTYlBrenHedayjjwm Etk~¬gcit¶eJreBjedaye¨kom¨kM¨seNaH.

xƬMnig¨KçsarenAniyayK~aEtJk´dEdl p¶SepÆInig[BrK~aeTAv^jeTAmk. TMrSEtdac'cit¶EbkBIK~a

eyIgcMNayeBlGs' 20 naTI. xƬMeLIgĈHkg'ecjeTA Fak'Vn 4-10 C÷han gakemIleTAbg

bíèneXIjeKQremIlmkxƬM xƬMFak'teTAeTot ehIygakemIleTAeTotelIk«deLIgla eKelIktb

mkv^j. karEbkK~aenHKYrkt'sMKal'Nas' e¨JHxƬMeTAkan'¨sukesomenH mingayVn¨tLb'

mkCan'déExµrv^jeT EtmkBIxMkat'cit¶lHbg'¨Kçsar¨Kb'ya"g edémºItsUßksagCati eTIb¨tèvEt

XÂateTAenH. enHCaelIkd÷bUg«nCév^txƬMEdlePosxÂçneTAkan'breTs.

xƬMFak'kg'Vn¨bEhl 2 em"ag k*eTAdl'pÂèvbt'cUlvt¶sÃaydUnEkv xƬMcUleTAkan'vt¶

sÃaydUnEkvehIysMedAeTArkTUkqÂgeTAkan'e¨tIymÅag. k~¬gkarqÂgTUkenH manGnus§avrIy_mYy

EdlxƬMBuMePÂc KWxƬMkMBugEtĈHTUkqÂg Vn¾sMdéBIk~¬gpæHmYyenAĈtmÅagdIesomniyayeLIg: eyI,

reTHkg'enaHlíNas'evéyùùù! xƬMnwkP&yb"pí¬k «Gy"a ¨kumecaresomTl'EdnehIyetI! xƬMsæabkS-

9

ePÂIgEdlenAnwgcegûHB¨g·gsµartIeLIgv^j! xƬMemIlkg'xƬM nigemIleTAmuxG~kGuMTUk EtG~kGuMTUk

niyayfa: minGIeT, ehIyecHEtGuMeTAeFÃI¨BegIy luH¨taEtdl'e¨tIy. bnæab'BI[esahußydl'

TUkdrYcehIy xƬMeLIgkg'tamf~l'EdleqõaHeTAVt'd÷bgEtm¶g. tamf~l'xƬMĈHenAxageqÃg«d e¨JH

¨sukesomebIkbrxageqÃg. enAevlaem"ag 18 edaykmÂSgxMrbs'xƬM xƬMVneTAdl'¨sukemag

òs§I. xƬMeTArkp§aremagedémºIrktam~ak'eQµaH taTwg Edlsðal'nwgGalsuMs~ak'. elaktaTwg

CaCagmasm~ak'enAp§arsIuEjkBIedém EteBlEdlmanclaclKat'k*mkenA¨sukemag. xƬMsYr

eKhUrEheTAk*Vnsðal'CYbnwgtaTwgdUcbMNg. taTwgrak'Tak'TTYlxƬM [xƬMsMNak'enAmYyyb'

edaysuvtiÄPaB. luH¨BwkeLIgxƬMVnlataTwg bn¶d÷eNIrtameTac¨kyanxƬMeqõaHeTAkan'ext¶Vt'd÷

bg edémºIsuMs~ak'enAnwgma bu"k-KuN ehA ¨tLac. enAem"ag 11 «f©¨tg' xƬMk*VneTAdl'pæHmaxƬM

dUcbMNg. pæHmaxƬMsÄitenAcugsõanEdkEp~kxagekIt pæHenHCarbs'm¶ayekµkKat'eQµaH m"m-

rma"y. maxƬMVnTTYlxƬMedayrak'Tak'CaTIbMput ehIysYrxƬMfa: etImanCYbnwgelak V"n-yin

nigkµçy bußNöcnæ-FYn eT? xƬMeqÂIyfa minVnCYbeT. eTIbmaxƬMEbrCa¨Vb'xƬMfa: elak V"n-yin

elakeTAEt¨twmeJFi_sat'eT elakBuMhßancUleTAP~MeBjeT xÂaceKcab' elak¨tèv¨tLb'cUl

eTAVgkkv^j e¨JHelakmankUn¨busm~ak'eQµaH V"n-ekÂm"g' eFÃIkarCanaykk~¬g¨kumhußn Guk

sIuEh§n enA¨kugVgkk CaTIBwgGa¨s&yEdr. äkµçy bußNöcnæ-FYn GaccUleTA¨sukExµrv^jVn

tºitGagelIcMNat'kar Edle¨bI[¨twmEtCaG~kbkE¨bPasaCUnelak V"n-yin bu"eNöaH.

ehIymaxƬMsresIrxƬMfavag«vEmn ecHedaHxÂçnrYcmkdl'kEnÂgenHVn. Kat'niyaynwgxƬMfaminGIeT

eyIg¨tèvbegûét¨kumExµrG~ktsUßmYy¨kumeLIg eFÃIkarrMedaH¨sukBI¨kjSVrSg. xƬMsbºaycit¶

Nas' edaymaxƬMmanKMnit¨sbnwgxƬMtSgBId÷bUg«ddUec~H.

10

karbegûétExµr²s§r:

xƬMVnmks~ak'enAnwgmaxƬM bu"k-KuN ehAta¨tLac ehIyVnp§ayKMnitGMJvnavsuM[

G~ksµ&¨Kcit¶cUlrYbrYmpgk~¬gkarbegûét¨kumExµrtsUßmYy¨kum [eQµaHfa ÇExµr²s§r:È. Jk´fa

Dzs§r:È enHCaPasaVlIEdl[n&yfa ÇFM, minkJØHeK, CaG~kCaùùùÈ dUec~H ÇExµr²s§r:È

KW¨kumExµrEdlCamÍas'elIxÂçnäg KµanenAe¨kamGMNacG~kNa, CaExµrmanäkraC´, manesrIPaB

mansiTìi¨Kb'¨Kan'CaExµr.

enATIenaHminCayUr k*VnTYlmit¶Pk¶inigGs'elakCae¨cInrUb EdlmanKMnittsUßEdr

ehIyEdleTIbEtePosecjBIP~MeBjmk Vnsµ&¨Kcit¶mkrYbrYmnwgxƬM¨BmTSgmaxƬM. xƬMsUmrMlwk

namrbs'Gs'elakTSgenaHxÂHEdlxƬMVncS KWeQµaH ;

Ehm sag fan say

Ehm savat rs yWn

sarU hßU

mIu pUr Gußk san

¨Tg' cnærg§I xan'

eQog BuM

cnæ- etae¨ts ePaK nI

nigmanGs'elake¨cIneTot EdlxƬMePÂcnamBuMVnrab'k~¬gTIenH (sUmGP&yeTas).

11

maxƬMVnCYlpæHeKmYyenAm¶¬Mvt¶sEgû CUn¨kumTSgGs'enA ¨BmTSgVncMNay¨Vk'ciJÍwm

VyTwkrhUtmk. ehIymaxƬMVneTAVgkkKitKUrnwgrd½aPiVl«f sUm[eKCYyeyIgTSgpÂèv

cit¶nigsm̧ar:.

mYyExe¨kaymk karTak'TgenaH[pleLIg KWrd½aPiVl«fVnGnuJïat[ebIkkEnÂg

mYyenAXuMGnÂg'v^lcm©ay¨bmaN 5 Kùmù BI¨kugVt'd÷bg. eyIgk*manlTìPaBnwgbegûét ÇExµr

²s§r:È enAq~S 1946. mund÷bUgeXIjrYbrYmK~alíNas' ¨bmUlG~ksµ&¨Kcit¶äeTotCaG~k¨suk

[mkhat'eronVn¨bEhl 100 nak'. Vn¨bEhl 2-3 Exe¨kaymk Vnbegûét[man¨kum

esIubkarN_karJr¨kum²s§r: tºiteBlenaHraCkarVrSg-Exµr Vn¨bugcUlkan'kab'ext¶Vt'd÷-

bgv^jehIy. raCkarVrSg-Exµrcat'[esIubkarN_rk²s§r: dUec~HeyIg¨tèvbegûét¨kumesIubt

Tl'eTAv^j. karbegûétenHehIy EdlnS[lík'kkrKe¨magkarN_xÂH BIe¨JH¨kumesIubenH xÂH

manerOgpæal'xÂçnnwgG~kd«T k*tSgbgûac'bgÅèceK nSkarN_enaHmkC÷rab CaehtunS[G~keFÃIkar

xagelIse¨mckarGÃIKµan¨bsiTìPaBeLIy. karTUlBitbgûac'¨tkUl cgí¬leTasK~aenaHmanCa

¨b¨ktI dUcy"agem¨kumxÂHEdlcat'[eTAbgúat'bg÷kBlTahansµ&¨Kcit¶enaHCaedém. embgúat'

nimYy@ bgúat'minVnyUreT ecHEtmanerOgxus¨Kb'y"ag xÂHkUnTahanmineBjcit¶e¨JHtºiteFÃI

tamv^n&yeBk, xÂHdUec~H xÂHdUec~aH ¾EtJk´riHKn'ninæax§wbex§¿vK~aCaerOy@. m´"ageTot Tahan

ExµrEdlrt'mkBIP~MeBjTSgbu"nµan suTìswgEtBYk¨kum«hhUTahanCbu"n. rebobhat'«nTahan

Cbu"nC÷nan'enaHKW¨Bwkem"ag 5 hat'rt' 3-4 Kùmù y"agtic rYcehIyhat'lut¨kabrebobyuTì

sa¨s¶CagmYyem"ageTIbQb' nSK~aeTATTYlTanbbreBl¨Bwk. eFÃIy"agenHVn¨bmaN 15«f©

20«f© k*eTACaerOgEdr edaysarnayTahanrgecHEtrGßUrTSfa hat'rebobenHminVnyUreT rt'

lUnral'¨BwkKµanVn¨beyaCn_eT nSEtxateBl ehIyKµankSePÂIgmYyedémpg manEtkSePÂIg

eQImind·gCanwgcºSgnwgnrNaekIteT! Jk´TSgenH em¨kummin¨twmEtniyayCamYyem¨kumK~a

ägeT KWEfmTSgeJlenAeBlEdlkUnTahankMBughat'Gs'kmÂSgEfmeTot CaehtunS[kUn

TahaneCOtamGs'Twkcit¶tsUßeTAv^j.

enHägCa ÇcritÈ rbs'ExµrEdlKµanKitmuxe¨kayGÃIesaH ecHEteJlpÂèc@ [EtrYcBI

mat'edaysarEtht'enOybn¶icbn¶çcenaH mind·gfaBMenalenaHnS[xUckmÂSgsamKðIGÃIeT.

m´"ageTotsm&yenaH raCkar«feKebIkGMNac[¨bmUlkUnTahanedaysm©at' mincg'

[xÍrxÍay, eyIgminVnrk§akarsm©at'enaHesaH ecHEtbeJÍj[eKägd·g¾. ÇcritÈ eyIgKW

dUec~Häg C÷nuMK~asuTìEtfakarsm©at' KµannrNad·g¾eT luHdl'eBlecjBIC÷nuMmkv^j k*¨sab'Et

karsm©at'enaHd·g¾eLIgenAe¨kAkar¨bCu÷Etm¶g.

cMENkraCkar«fv^j luHd·gfaraCkarVrSg-ExµrmuxCaTajykEx¨tVt'd÷bgeTAv^j

enaH k*tSgcab'ep¶émp¶l'GavuF[Exµr²s§r:enH. Cad÷bUgraCkaresom[mk¨kumExµr²s§r: man

kSePÂIgyn¶bYnedém nigkSePÂIg¨bEhl 25 edém ehIymankSePÂIgxÂI 2-4

edémEfmeTot.

12

ehtuGÃIVnCaesomsuxcit¶p¶l'GavuF[Exµr²s§r: enAeBlEdlEx¨tVt'd÷bgnwg¨tèv

VnmkExµrv^jenaH? ¨tg'enHCaerOgmYyEdleyIg¨tèvKit! KWmkBIeKcg'e¨bIExµr[Ebrmux mint

Tl'cMeJHEtVrSgeT KW[tTl'nwgExµrK~aägenaHEfmeTot. bu"En¶eyIgBuMVneqatl©g' dl'eTA

ykGavuFmksmÂab'ExµrK~aägeT bu"En¶eyIg¨tèvEtTTYlyk, ykmkbe¨mIeKalbMNgrbs'eyIg

KWQmmuxTl'nwgBYkVrSgEtmYybk§bu"eNöaH.

cMENkkUnTahanExµr²s§r: kalebIVnGavuFxÂH k*ekItce¨mIncit¶Kitcg'cºSgnwgT&B

VrSgPÂam@ eTaHbIhat'eronv^CØayuTìsa¨s¶minsUvsæat'sæajk*eday. mYy«f©@ xƬMTTYlBYkG~k

mksuMecjcºSgenaHy"agFuj xƬMEtgXat'eKfa kuMGalsin cS[eyIgmanGavuFe¨cInbgðçrsin

ehIycShat'[sæat'CagenHbn¶iceTotsin.

äcMENkmaxƬM bu"k-KuN ehA ta¨tLac enaHv^j k*eLIgcuH¨kugVgkkjwkjab' raCkar

xagesomeXIjägeTAegac@ eBk k*[kSePÂIghasibedémmkeTot.

suM[G~kGanyl'fa esom¨bugEt[eT BIe¨JHeK¨tèvkar[ExµrcºSgnwgExµr bu"En¶eday

eK¨tèvlak'KMniteKenaHpg eK¨tèvkar[¨kum²s§r:eyIgd·gKuNeKpg dUec~HeK¨tèvEttwgEtg

dUec~Häg. [mkFUreBk dUcCacg'[eBk. enHCaKMnitesom! ehIysm&yenaH (1946) mkdl'

sm&yenH (EdlExµreyIgkMBugTwkcUl¨cmuH) etIeXIjesommanp¶l'GÃI[eyIgsMrab'rs'eT?

GMBIeQµaH dab-QYn

kalBIedém dab-QYn enH Canay¨kum«nTahanrbs'raCkarExµr-VrSg EdlcºSgnwg

esom. kaleNaHraCkaresomecHe¨bIneyaVylYgelameXasnafa [EtemTahanrg nig

nay¨kumNaxagExµrrt'eTAcUlnwgesom esomnwgtemÂIgsk¶i[FMelIsBIenAExµreTAeTot.eQµaH

dab-QYn kalebIVns¶ab'eXasnaenH edaycg'Vnsk¶iysxõs'CagenH k*tSgdSkºalrt'

eTAcUlnwgTahanesomEtm¶g. xagTahanesomTTYlrak'Tak' ehIysn´anwg dab-QYn fa

minGIeT nwgbMJk'ski¶[FMCagenACamYyTahanExµr KW[VnJk'sk¶i 1 . dab-QYn manGMNr

Nas' nwksgôwmehIyrg'cSTTYlzan:enaH rhUtcb'sågðamExµr-«feTA. «f©e¨kaymk raCkar

esome¨bI dab-QYn [mkrk§aPUmimYy¨tg'm¶¬MsÃayeckEdlkaleNaHCaTl'EdnExµr-esom.

dab-QYn rg'cSsk¶iEdlesombMJk'enaHGs'kald*yUr KµaneXIjnayTahanesomNamk

CYbniyayBIerOgski¶ysGÃIesaH eTIbPÆak'xÂçnfa: { Gjcaj'eVkesomeTetI! bu"En¶ dab-QYn

KµanpÂèvnwgeKcecjeTANarYceT rt'cUlmkxagraCkarExµrv^j ¨tèveKVj'ecal, emÂ"aHehIysux

cit¶xM¨TSbe¨mIesomteTA, EtB´ayamfa¨tèvEtrt'«f©NamYy.

niyayBIxagT&BExµr²s§r:eyIgäeNHv^j kMBugEtekorKrrkK~a[Vne¨cIn luHesIub

dwgfa dab-QYn äeNaHmanesck¶ItUccit¶nwgesomkMBugEtrk¨ckecjBIT&Besom k*cat'K~a[

eTATak'Tgnwg dab-QYn [ dab-QYn cUlmkrYbrYmnwgExµr²s§r:v^jm¶g. dab-QYn man

13

GMNrNas' e¨JHenACamYyesomenaH dab-QYn manesck¶IGt'XÂanlMVkevTnaCaTIbMput

ehIyk~¬gcit¶k*QWcab'ral'«f©pg luHdl'mk¨tèveyIgehA[mkrYbrYmdUec~H dab-QYn k*dUcCa

VnrbUtBIex~aHX~ag. Kat'k*nS¨bBnìKat'nigkUn¨busmYy(1) ePosecjBIsÃayeck Kat'mkrk

¨kumeyIgenAGnÂg'v^lEtm¶g.

xƬMminBenÂIseT edayKat'¨tèvkar[xƬMseågðaHxÂSgeBk Kat'lUnsMBHxƬMGMBIcm©ay e¨JH

Kat'd·gfa KWxƬMenHehIyCaemekaym~ak'rbs'¨kum²s§r: Kat'mkĈtk*niyayGgÃredayelIk«d

¨bNm´Cab'fa: sUmelakmÍas'emt¶aGnuJïat[xƬMVTVnmkenA¨Ckekan bMerIbk§BYkelak

mÍas'pg! xƬMVTsUmsn´afa nwgbMerIbk§elakmÍas'edayesck¶IesµaH¨tg'CaTIbMput, [xƬMVT

sºfCUnelakmÍas'k*sºfEdr xƬMVTminkºt'elakmÍas'eT!

Jk´enH dab-QYn dak'xÂçnTabeBkNas' EdlxƬMmincg'¾Jk´enHpgeT. xƬM¨bjab'[

Kat'egébeLIgQr[¨tg'xÂçnFmµta xƬMniyayfa: sUmelak kuMTukxƬMCamnus§FMxõs'GI sUmelak

TukCamit¶m~ak'eTAcuH, elakmkenH xƬMGreBkehIy e¨JHeyIgnwgVnrYmK~aeFÃIkartsßUteTAeTot!

äfakaresµaH¨tg'enaH xƬMrwtEtGrNas' e¨JH¨kumeyIg¨tèvkarnUvcit¶EbbenH! eyIgGt'XÂanman

¨ky"agNadUcem¶c dUc@ K~a! elakfyeTAenAnwgK~IK~axƬMcuH!

dab-QYn bnæn'xÂçnsMBHxƬMswgVk'x~gfyeTAv^j.

bu"En¶GnaKt dab-QYn VneFÃIy"agNacMeJHxƬMv^jenaH Gs'elaknwgVneXIj Vn

¨CabenAeBle¨kay. KWGMeBIrbs'Kat'enaHehIy EdlxƬMcgcSGs'mYyCév^t ehIyEdlEtgf©èr

rhwuHfa : enHehIycritExµrùùù.

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1)- kUn¨busenaH sBëf©enA¨beTs²Nëa .

14

GMeBI«¨B«p§«nBYk²s§r:

xƬM¨tèvEtniyayedayBitnUvkarEdlxÂçnxƬMVneXIjVnd·g k~¬g¨KaEdlxƬMsÄitenACamYy

BYk²s§r: EdlxƬMpͬgep¶émbegûét ehIyEbrCa²tsN¶ab'F~ab' Kµanreboberobry e¨JHEtBYkenaH

cg'FM B¨gékGanuPaBvaykMBs'esµIes¶c¨taj'm~ak'@. edayBiteTA BYkenH edaycg'temûIgxÂçn

xÂSgeBk KW¨tèvEtePÂcsIlFmámnus§FmáGs'BIxÂçn EbrCa¨sLaj'karkab'smÂab'sIusac'hut

QamK~aeday«¨B«p§eTAv^j.

BIrbIerOgteTAenHKWCaÓTahrN_cºas' bgúajnUvPaB«¨B«p§nigGmnus§Fmá«nBYkenH Ð

karsmÂab'KijVrSgm~ak'eQµaH bußn can'

karesuIbrkKijVrSg Vncat'eLIg. cMNat'enHVnhuclTìplxÂHEdr nS[KijVrSg

xÂacrGaCaxÂSg. KijVrSgEdl¨tèvcab'Vn bnæab'BIVnvayeFÃITaruNkmµehIy EtgykeTA

Vj'ecalÉsmÂab'edayd÷bg.

k~¬gbN¶aKijVrSgEdlBYk²s§r:cab'VnehIyykmksmÂab'enaH xƬMVnsegûteXIj

KijVrSgm~ak'CatiExµreQµaH bßun can' mansµartIrwg²ttk's¬tnwgesck¶IsÂab'esaH. eKcab'

Ps¶¬tagVn sðal'xÂçnvafaCaKijcºas'ehIyeKykmkvaysYrcemÂIy vaenAEteqÂéyfaBuMd·g fa

BuMEmnCaKijnrNaTSgGs' vaeqÂIyenaHEbb¨Begéy. eKKMramsYrfa: ägeqÂIy[¨tg'mk ebIenA

15

rwg¨bEkkeToteyIgnwgVj'smÂab'! vaenAeqÂIyEbb¨Begéyfa: smÂab' @ eTA! xƬMmind·gGÃITSg

Gs', xÆM¬minEmnCaKijnrNaTSgGs'! bu"En¶ebIGs'elaksðal'cºas'faKijVrSg enAk~¬gkN¶ab'

«delakehIy elaksmÂab'eTA! EtluHeKykeTA[QrenAĈtreN¶A ehIy[vaPavnaFmá eTIb

vadUcCaPÆak'xÂçn nwkP&ybn¶icniyayfa: xƬMKµand·gGÃITSgGs'! yIem"cykxƬMmksmÂab'? KWfavaman

cit¶kÂahanmansµartIrwgNas' Tal'EteXIjreN¶AsMrab'kb'vaEtm¶geTIbvaP&y. eBlenaHBYk

²s§r:CaeBCÎXatd÷bg(1) sMBgPUs@ kJÍwgk G~keTasvadYlcuH¨bkac'dac'x´l' eTIb¨can

TmÂak'eTAk~¬greN¶A.

karsmÂab'eQµaH bußn can' enH CaGMeBIkacsahavmF´meT BIe¨JHeBCÎXat¨bjab'

bMVt'Cév^tG~keTas[puteTAPÂam@ minevTnaEP~keBk. enAmankarsmÂab'G~keTasEbbep§gBI

enH EdlemIleTAKYr[evTnarkJk´niyayminVn ehIyEdlnS[xƬMminsbºayEtgEtedér

ecj eBlNaBYkem@ äeTotcat'[eFÃIEbbenaHEdleK[eQµaHfa karsmÂab'Ebb¨sEgeBn.

sUm¨Cabfa xƬMKWem²s§r:Emn EtVnbMEbknaTIxagKij xagcab'cg xagsYrcemÂIy nig

smÂab'enHeTA[eKep§g eKmannaTI¨Kb'¨Kan' äxƬM cMeJHerOgenHKW¨Kan'CaTI¨bwk§aeKbu"eNöaH.

dUec~aH eTIbxƬMBMuGacGarkat'erOgNamYy[eKyl'¨BmtamVneLIy.

karsmÂab'Ebb¨sEgeBn

xƬMsUmC¨mabfa: karsmÂab'Ebb¨sEgeBn CakarsmÂab'mYyevTnaEP~kNas' G~kEdl

¨tèveKsmÂab'enaH b"pã¶tb"p¶k'CaTIbMputmunnwgsÂab'. KWmund÷bUg BYk²s§r:ykmnus§EdlCaKij

carbursenaHmkvayd÷¨cMFak'Gs'cit¶ rYccgsÂabesknSykeTA[Ggð¬ylutCgðg'Tl'muxreN¶A

Edls¨mab'kb'exµacG~keTasenaH. äBYk²s§r:nSK~avatvg'[FMCu÷v^jG~keTasenaH. PÂamenaH

eBCÎXatm~ak'kan'davss©ac sæ¬HcUlmkkN¶alvg' tSgrSErkBt'EBn beJÍjTwkmux¨keLb

¨kLab'CaGakarkacsahav, rSVnbn¶ick*sæ¬HeTAĈtG~keTasEdlGgð¬ylutCgðg'enaH rYck*yk

daveTAGark G~keTasenaHbn¶ic, GarminxÂSgeTlµmEtecjQam rYck{nykmat'eTACJØk'bWt

QamenAkenaH ykmk¨Bçsmuxdavlan' Ept@! dUceK¨BçsTwkmat'sÂa ùùù emIleTAsemºIm

Nas'. äG~keTasenaHmuxexµAEb" eFÃIEP~kPÂwH@ ragkayj&rrnìt'edayQWcab'nigedayPitP&y

s¶ayCév^t. eBCÎXatVnGarkbWtQamykmkes¶aHe¨JH rSErkGs'kºac'eTIbcak'kG~keTas

Cabegúéy, K~adYleTA k*¨canTmÂak'eTAk~¬greN¶Aùùù

eBleFÃIBiFIenHm¶g@ xƬMmincg'ecjeTAemIleT BIe¨JHlMVkemIlNas' ehIyxƬMC÷Tas'

min[eFÃIBiFI«¨B«p§enHCae¨cInelIk EtBYkem@ äeToteKmin¨Bm eKfa¨tèvEteFÃIdUec~H edémºIpÍaj'

pÍals¨tèv. xƬMminyl'esaH e¨JHfaK~a¨tèvsÂab'eTAehIy, sÂab'Kg'EtsÂab'eT, em"cminsmÂab'

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1)- d÷bgeFÃIBIeQI¨Kjèg¨bEvgCag 1 Em"¨tbu"nk«dmnus§cas' kaleNaHeKsM«c¨Kab'kSePÂIg.

16

Etm¶geTA?

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¨kumenHeTAv^jpg.

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BicarNaEvgq©ayesaH smÂab'mnus§sÂèt¨tg'Kµan¨bNI. xƬMsUmelIkykerOgmYymkC¨mab:

GMBIkarsmÂab'Cagkat'sk'm~ak'

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kMNt'ehturbs'G~kesIubkarN_[d·gfa CagenHägCaKijrbs'VrSgEtgEtlbqÂgeTA[kar

N_VrSgenApæHXÂSgFnaKar (Banque) rbs'VrSgEdlmanVrSgenAenaH. ¨kumxƬMEdlCaG~kkan'

karxagelI k*cat'[eKsaksYrbursenaHtamd÷eNIr. enAk~¬g«¨Bs©at'mYy BYkG~k«ddl'¨b-

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PUsm~ak' ehIysYrfa:

- ägCaKijVrSgEmneT?

bursenaHQWcab'j&rTe¨TIkeqÂIyrh&sfa:

- VTeT xƬMVTBuMEmnCaKijeTTan!

eKcab'vayG~kenaHehIysYreTot:

- ägqÂgeTAeLIgpæHVrSgenaHe¨cIndgehIyEmneT?

- VTTan xƬMVTsUmC¨mabtam¨tg' xƬMVTFÂab'eTApæHenaHe¨cIndgEmn bu"En¶xƬMVTKµan

d·gGIeT!

- niyay[¨tg'mk ägeTACYbVrSgbu"nµannak'? ¨Vb'vafaem"cxÂH? ebIägniyaysar

PaB GjnwgTukCév^t[ ebImindUec~aHeT GjnwgVj'ägsmÂab'²Lèv!

eJldUec~aH G~keBCÎXadeyIgtSgTajkSePÂIgbJÍèl¨Kab'lan'¨kak@ cgí¬lcugmat'

E¨teTArkbursenaHEdlmanTwkmuxeLIgsÃay manGakar:jab'j&rdUckUnstÃ. bursenaHelIk

«dsMBH.

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eTApæHenaHral'yb'enaH KWxƬMVTeTAelgeboCamYynwgmit¶Pk¶i EdlykkEnÂgenaHCa

kEnÂgelg, xƬMVTKµanVnykkarN_eTA[VrSgeT xƬMVTsUmsºfCUn!

17

eJlminTan'cb'pg eBCÎXateyIgk*vayG~kenaHmYysÃaykSePÂIgmSug! E¨skGUy!

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Lb' rYcKMhksYreTot:

- GaägenArwgdl'NaeTot? em"cminniyay[¨tg'? GaägnSkarN_eTA¨Vb'VrSgfa

em"cxÂH?

bursenaHmanQamrwm@ ecjBImat'nigf©as xM¨tdre¨kakGgð¬yelIk«dsMBHeTAeBCÎ-

Xat¨BmTSg¨tdrniyay:

- xƬMVTsºfCUnùùù xƬMVTBitCaKµand·gGÃIesaH xƬMVTCaCagkat'sk'rksIukat'sk'ral'

«f© xƬMVTKµanTak'TgGInwgVrSgesaHeLIyTane¨Vs sUmemt¶akuMeFÃIVbxƬMVTGI!

kayv^karnigTwkmuxG~keTasenH eFÃI[xƬMEdlCaG~kcSkat'esck¶ICamYynwgem@ 6 nak'

eTotenaH sµanyl'faK~aenaHCamnus§sucriteT BuMEmnCaKijVrSgeT. tamxƬM xƬMcg'EtXat'BYk

GaeBCÎXatfa[Qb'sYreToteTA bu"En¶xƬMBuMTan'hßanXat'eT xÂacem@ äeToteKBuM¨sbnwgxƬM.

cemÂIyGgÃrrbs'G~keTasenaH BMuVneFÃI[eBCÎXatTTYlTn'tameLIy. eKk*tSgTat'

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eTasremol¨tLb'pûab'p©ar eTAmÅagm~ak' m~ak'Tat'bJØèneTAm~ak'eTot bursenHremolcuHeLIg rYc

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yl'fa eKenHCamnus§lípg etI[xƬMp¶l'TaruNkmµeXareXAdUec~HekItEdrÉ? minekItesaH

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CasnÂb'mYyv·gehIyd·gxÂçneLIgv^jenaH k*dUcCavegÃgTisGs' Vn{kasEdleKmineFÃIGIÃenA

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VrSgesaH sMukuMsmÂab'xƬMGI!

xƬMenAEtes©¿m Kµan¨btikmµ G~keTask*niyayeTotfa:

- ¨BHetCKuNùùù ebI¨BHetCKuNsmÂab'xƬMVT k*dUcCasmÂab'mnus§BIrnak'eTotEdr KW

xƬMVTmanm¶aycas'm~ak' nigbíèn¨sImYyEdl¨tèvxƬMrksIuciJÍwmral'«f©. ebIGt'BIxƬMenaH

G~kTSgBIrk*nwgevTnaehIy sUmelakmÍas'GaNitCév^tstÃpgTan!

xƬMs¶ab'sMdéenH k*ekItBicarNaGaNit EtxƬMBuMtbfaGÃIeT xƬMedérecjBIvg'enaHmkGgð¬yenA

mYykEnÂg nrNaeFÃIGIG~keTasenaHeFÃIcuH. EtBYkem@ nigBYkXatkrk*Gt'maneFÃIGÃIEdr eKedérmk

rkxƬMTSgGs'K~a k~¬gTMngcg'Bie¨KaH. emm~ak'sYrxƬMfa:

- GaKijenHvaFÂab'sðal'bgmu"lägÉ? vaCa¨KçsarbgägÉ? VnCabgägmin¨BmeFÃI

Vbva?

18

- vaminFÂab'sðal'xƬMeT vaminEmnCasac'jatixƬMeT bu"En¶vaCaExµrm~ak' EdlBYkeyIgrab'

faCasac'QameyIgEdr!

GaeBCÎXatniyaykat'xƬMeLIg:

- vaCaExµrEmn EtExµrEqûVrSg vaeFÃIKijVrSg vaCamnus§kºt'!

xƬMtbeTAv^j edaysemÂg¨sal:

- KµanPs¶¬tagäNa¨Kb'¨Kan'faK~aenaHCaKijeT! ebIrkPs¶¬tageXIj¨Kb'¨Kan'enaH kuM

faeLIyEtbursenaH TSgK~aeyIgenHk*eday [Ethßankºt' xƬMhßaneFÃITaruNkmµy"ag

xÂSgelIsenHeTAeTot.

emm~ak'sYrkat'eLIg:

- GuIcuHkMNt'ehtuG~kesIubkarN_ EdleK[mkenaH TukCaGÃIeTAv^j?

- enaHminEmnCaPs¶¬tag¨Kb'¨Kan'eT xƬMminykCaVnkarTSgGs'eT ¨tèvesIubsYr[

dl'kEnÂgeTAeTot!

- eFÃIdUcbgmu"läg yWtkarN_Nas'.

- GIucwgehIy e¨JHeyIg¨tèvrk§ayuti¶Fmápg!

xƬMtbdUec~H ehIyegébedérecj. emm~ak'sYrxƬMbJØak'edayminsbºaycit¶:

- GIucwgbgmu"lägyl'faGaenaHCamnus§líÉ?

- xƬMminfaeT EtxƬMfa¨tèvGegûtteTAeTot!

- ebIGIucwg tambgmu"läg bgmu"lägminsmÂab'GaenHeTÉ?

- h~wgehIytamxƬM xƬMmin[smÂab'mnus§enHeT!

- cMENkBYkeyIg BYkeyIgse¨mcfa¨tèvEtsmÂab'!

- eFÃIGIeFÃIeTA xƬMmind·geT!

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emenaHbgíg'bn¶ic gakeTArkK~IK~a rYcniyaycºas'@ fa:

- eGI²LèvenH kneyIgQb'eFÃIVbG~keTasenaHeToteTA elIkva[eTA¨sukv^jeTA!

e¨JHrkPs¶¬tagKµan!

rYceKjak'EP~kdak'eBCÎXat EdlmankSePÂIg Remington ¨KaenaH bursenaH¾eKfa[rYc

eTas k*xMegébedére¨Tte¨TatcUlmkk~¬g TMngsuMGrKuN EtG~kmankSePÂIgniyayfa:

- eTA, ecjeTA eK[rYcxÂçnehIy edér[¨tg'eTA kuMgake¨kay!

K~axMedérTSgC÷han¨Tm@ ecjBIenaHVn¨bEhlCa 10 Em"¨t ¨sab'Et pSg!! GUy! G~k

enaHdYl¨swub eday¨Kab'eTATm¬HsµaEbkQamrEhg. TMngCayl'fa eKVj'[xÂçn

ecj[qab'@ k*mind·g G~kenaHxM¨tdrE¨sk¨KlYcfa: VnehIyTan, VnehIykuMEfmeTot!

ehIy¨tdregébeLIgeTot bu"En¶ pSg!! mYy¨Kab'eTot¨KwbeTAeTotegébElgrYc eday¨tèv¨tg'

kºald÷NMNas'. bursenaHs©at'mat'¨twmeNaH EdlxƬMnwkfaK~adac'x´l'eTAehIy. bu"En¶

BYkeBCÎXatVneTAemIlehIyE¨skfa:

19

- yI! GaenHFÂaykºalbu"NöwgehIy enArs'eToth~±!

eKnSK~aGUsG~keTasenaHmkv^j! GsÍar´Nas' G~keTasenaHFÂaysµaFÂaykºal Et

enAminTan'sÂab' enAEtxMebIkEP~k ehIy«djjIjj&rsMBHmkG~kral'K~a. eKral'K~adUcCaFmµta

bu"En¶xƬMm~ak'KWb"HTgð^ck~¬gcit¶y"agxÂSg. xƬMemIlmuxxÂçn¨VNbursenaH Edl¨kaldN¶b'labln

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smÂab'mnus§enHeday«¨B«p§dUec~HesaH. ehIyehtukarN_EdleFÃI[xƬMexÂaccit¶rkJk´niyay

BuMVnenaH KWJk´sm¶Icuge¨kayrbs'mnus§enaH EdlniyayTSgdkcgûaman'mkkan'BYkxÆƬMfa:

- elakmÍas'ùùù ebIelakmÍas'Gs'GaNit Gs'ykGgÃrxƬMVTehIy k*snµt'Cakmµ

plrbs'xƬMVTcuH, bu"En¶xƬMVTsuMp¶SelakmÍas'bn¶icfa suMelakmÍas'emt¶aykd÷Nwg

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Ebbh~wgeT.

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bß^HEtnwgrebHCév^tVt'ehIy edaysarEtkarecaT¨bkan'rbs'em@. erOgenaHKWfa elakcnærg§I

20

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kEn§gy&n¶, kuy KC', Eckac'ùùù Caedém.

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Vj'Gatµav^jcuH!

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TajkSePÂIgmYyedémt¨mg'eTArkGasn:. cuc«kkÂwk! Qwg! minecj¨Kab'; xƬMnwkfa

21

«Gya"! xÂSgBUEkEmneTd·g? bu"En¶ xƬMrlak'¨Kab'enaHecj dak'¨Kab'fµécuc«kkÂwk! pSg! huyEp§g

¨Telam! xƬMlan'mat'fa: En± eXIjeT? min¨sçleT kuMlelgp¶as[esaH, ¨Kab'munsí¬y

¨Kab'e¨kaylíVj'ecj, suMkuMGalfaVj'minecjenaH!

bu"En¶elak¨KèenaH ¨bEhlCaxµas'xƬMem"cmind·g Ék*eCOmn¶GaKmelakesµaHeTAehIyk*

mind·g elakE¨sk¨Vb'eTATahan²s§r:fa: ÇEn±Gs'elakkuMeTAlGInwgTIGasn:rbs'²t

v^JïaNenaH, [lmnus§v^jeTIbd·g¨Vkd Gs'elakVj'mkGatµacuH! ebI¨Kab'ecjmk¨tèv

sÂab'Gatµa k*sÂab'eTAcuH!

xƬMk*VnXat'elakv^jfa: ÇsUm¨BHetCKuNkuM[eKlelg@ enaH rbs's&ki¶siTìieKEtg

EtminleT, xƬMkruNayl'faKYrkuMsaklºgeFÃIGI! tamBit¨tèvEtBn´l'kUnTahan[ecHlut

¨kabtamrebobyuTìsaås¶bcͬbºn~eTIb¨tèv BIe¨JHsm&y²LèvenH ¨Kab'kSePÂIgxusBIsm&ydUn

taeyIgq©ayNas' ¨Kab'kSePÂIgBIedém¨ckBImat'E¨t eyIgykePÂIgdut Ék*dutBIKl'eTAeTIbpæ¬H

sæ¬HeTAmux, ä²Lèv ¨Kab'ecjmYyv^naTIrab'minGs', Fanaem¶cnwgekIt? [kUnTahanrgem¶cVn?

elaksgôenaHeFÃImin¾ ehIyEbrCaniyaynwgTahan²s§r:fa, ÇGs'elak vas'BI

kEnÂgGatµaQrenHeTAcMnYn 7 kSePÂIgrYcVj'mkcuH!È

BImuxkEnÂgbYgsYgenaHmanE¨KtUcmYy elaksgôenaHKg'elIE¨KenAEkºrenaH sU¨tPav-

na rYcE¨skfa [Vj'mkcuH!

Tahanm~ak'EdlkMBugcg'lºg k*tSgykkSePÂIgeTAvas'BIkEnÂgelakQr fymk¨Kb'

cMnYn 7 kSePÂIg k*tSgt¨mg'kSePÂIgeTAelaksgôenaH elaksgôenaHenAeFÃI¨Begéy ¨sab'Et

pSg! dYl¨Kwb! elakmaneTAs&k¶isiTìäNa elakdkcgûaman'BIrbIg·uk k*putx´l'lµmùùù TSg

Gs'K~aP&ybHsk' Elg¨bkbBiFI¨twmenaH nSK~aEsgexµacelakenaH ykeTAkb'ecalbMVt'dan

xÂacesomd·g vaecaTägfaykelaksgômkVj'elg ÉdUec~H dUec~aH. xƬMniyayfa: Çem"c,

eXIjeT? C÷enOecalem§¿t! eronlut¨kablUntamBiFIcºSgminKiteT mkrvl'nwgerOgGUmGam

QrVj' ²Lèvem"ceTA? ral'K~aes©¿m.

bu"En‘enAEtdEdl erOgmn¶GaKmGUmGamenaH. dUcCaelakem²s§r:m~ak' Kat'erIsVnGM-

Ebg«dEkvburaNmYy EdlEbkecjBItYEkv Kat'¨bkan'faCaKC'BiessNas' xMykmke¨sab

mas Jk'enAk. xƬM¨Vb'Kat'fa: BuMEmnKC'eT, KWCabMENk«dEkvburaNeT, Kat'enAEtfa: eT, KC'

¨VkdNas', Kat'erIsVnmk edaysareTvtabgúajKat'[eXIj! tamBitKWCabMENk«dEkv

esaH KYr[esIc!

sUmC¨mabfa VnCaxƬMsðal'faCa«dEkvburaN tºitpæHxƬMFÂab'manEkvFunenaHEdr.

eXIjeT, C÷enOGkusl, KµanBicarNa minsðal'KC'enaHy"agem"c, Ekvy"agem"c ¾EteK

¨Vb'ragerA tSgeCOPÂam ykmktMekIgPÂam. G~kEdleKd·g eKlbesIcmaneTAticGI.

¨tg'eNH xƬMyl'fa KMnitBYkeyIgenHenATabNas', enAl©g'Nas' esæIrEtfarkelx

dak'BuMVn. xƬM, xƬMeCOEdr KWeCO¨BHBuTì ¨BHFmá ¨BHsgô nigkmµpl kusl Gkusl eFÃIlíVnlí

eFÃIGa¨kk'VnGa¨kk'. äfaeTAeCOelImn¶GaKm Ex§cegûHx~aytan' KC' kuy Eckac' nagBYnsíI@

22

enaH mineCOeT. GMeBIlí kuslplbuN´eT EdlnS[xƬMVnrYcBIsÂab'rYcBIe¨KaHf~ak' BuMEmn

mkBIe¨KOge¨KAmn¶GaKmGUmGamenaHeT.

x enH sUmGs'elakG~kFM G~ktUcEdlmanC÷enOy"agNa@ enaH emt¶aGP&yeTas[

pg ebIyl'faeyabl'xƬMenHmin¨sbnwgGs'elak.

R

R R

23

karvay¨bhar¨kugesomrab

enAeBlEdl¨kumExµr²s§r:ecHEtTTUce¨cIndgeBk ehIyEdleyIgmanGavuFlµm

ehIy xƬM bußNöcnæ-mu"l k*ebIksm&y¨bCu÷Bie¨KaHnwgGs'elakem@ äeTotfa etIeyIgcUrGnuJïat

[K~aeyIgeTAvayVrSgÉeT? ehIyebIfaGnuJïat etIeyIgeTAvaykEnÂgNaCamun?

e¨kayEdlVnBiPak§aK~ad*yUrmk Ggð¨bC÷uk*se¨mcfa¨tèvGnuJïat[eTAvayext‘

esomrab ehIymunnwgcUlvay¨kugesomrab ¨tèvvaysala¨sukBYk[VnCamunsin ykpÂèv

eTA¨kugesomrab.

e¨kayesck¶IsMercenH G~kemcat'k*beN¶aHkUnT&B[eFÃId÷eNIrtampÂèv«¨BxÂH tampÂèvrf-

yn¶xÂH eTAkan'¨suksirIesaP&N EdlkalenaH«f¨tçt¨taCarbs'«f ehA¨sukenaHfa sIusupun

ehIyEdlraCkar«fVnelIk¨sukenaHCaext‘ [eQµaHfa ext¶BibUßnsug¨kam (Bibulsågðam)

pg.

karecjd÷eNIrenaH minticmintYc edérĈt 5 «f©eTIbVndl'TIedACYbCu÷K~a. CYbCu÷K~aehIy

elak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU tSgbJØa[Qb'enAk~¬gmNël«nsirIesaP&N q©ayBI

¨suk¨kLaj'¨bEhlCa 5 Kùm sõanenaHCa¨BM¨bTl'Exµrnwgesomsm&yenaH.

VnQb'enA¨tg'PUmivarin elak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU tSgykEpnTImkBinit´

[vaysala¨sukBYk nigTI¨kugesomrab. mYy¨kum[cSvaysalaBYk mYy¨kumeTotmanK~a

¨bEhl 200 nak' [eTAkan'¨kugesomrab.

24

¨kumExµr²s§r: minVnGt'KMniteT eKcat'K~IK~a[eTAesIubcMnYnTahanVrSgenA¨kugesom

rab d·geTotfamanVrSgenA¨kugesomrab¨bEhl 25 nak'CanayTahan edkenAnwgsN½aKar

ext¶.

elak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU Vn[bJØaeTAG~kEdl¨tèveTAkan'¨kugesomrab

[eFÃId÷eNIreTAtampÂèvVrayN_ ehIy[EckK~aCa 5 ¨kumsMrab'vaydUceTAenH Ð

- ¨kumTI 1 [vaysN½aKarext¶ (EdlmanVrSg)

- ¨kumTI 2 [vaybnæayTahaneCégexµA

- ¨kumTI 3 [vaybu"s¶iEx§lYsp¶ac'karTak'Tg

- ¨kumTI 4 [vayBnìnaKarrMedaHG~keTas

- ¨kumTI 5 [vaypæHKijt¨mçtext¶nigpæHKy

¨kumTSgenH ¨tèvcab'vaymYy¨Bwbk~¬geBlyb'[¨BmK~aEtm¶g kuM[mYymunmYye¨kay

nSex§aykmÂSg. edémºIecosvagkuM[e¨KaHf~ak' t¨mèv[kUnBlTSgGs'kuMVj'elgep¶sp¶as

²tsN¶ab'F~ab'. ehobnwgcUlvayenaHeTot k*kuM[Vj'V"tNaV"tNI [s¶ab'bJØaem¨kumTI

1 ebIem¨kumTI1 Vj' swmVj'¨BmK~acUllukEtm¶geTA.

Vncat'TSg 5 ¨kume¨scehIy bJØak'ehIybJØak'eTotfaelIkenHCad÷bUgehIy

eyIg[manreboberobryehIynwgmanesck¶IkÂahan eTIbGacnwgmanC&yC÷nH. TSgGs'K~a

suTìEtTTYlVT@ eKarBTSgGs' e¨JHsuTìEtcg'ykeCaKC&y ykeQµaHlºIerogxÂçn. bnæab'BI

VnTTYlbJØacºas'las' BYkEdlmanebskmµvayesomrabenaH k*eFÃId÷eNIrmktampÂèvV-

rayN_. enAeBlyb' TSgGs'K~albcUlmkkan'¨kugesomrab ehIybMEbkK~aCa¨kumcS¨bti-

bt¶ikartamcMNat'rbs'nayecAhÃayEdlVn[mkehIyenaH. bnæab'BIbJØabMEbkehIy ¨kum

TImYyVncUltampÂèvGgðrvt¶sn§wm@ eTArksN½aKarext¶.

eBlenaHem"agBIrGa¨Fa¨t«n«f©TI 7 ExsIha 1946 TSgGs'K~albbn¶icm¶g@ cUleTA

kan'sN½aKarext¶ enA¨bmaNCaBIrKILèEm"¨tnwgdl' k*¾sUrsnìwkreTHGeN¶Ik (Auto-blindé)

ke¨kIkdéecjmkBI¨kug KWBYkTahanyamtºatrk§a¨kug. reTHGeN¶Ikecjmkdl'eFÂa eBlenaH

elakem¨kumTImYyVnbJØa[kneyIg¨kabcuH hammin[Vj'dac'xat. bu"En¶man²s§r:m~ak'

eQµaH Em"n ¨bEhlCaP~ak'garsm©at'rbs'VrSgk*mind·g e¨JHeyIgeFÃs¨bEhsminsegût[

Cak'lak' Kat'mans¶ab'äNa reTHGeNI¶kmkĈtk*Vj'¨VveTAEtm¶g dUcCa[sJïaeTAreTH

GeNI¶kenaH. reTHGeN¶IkenaHVj'e¨sacmkv^jPÂam rYc¨tLb'cUlbnæayv^j ¨bkasPaBGa-

sn~mYyrMeBc.

äcMENkTSgbYn¨kumeTotedayVnsJïa¨byuTìehIy k*VnvaylukeTA¨Kb'TIedA

K¨KwkKe¨Kg. BYkTahanenArk§a¨kugTSgbu"nµan vegÃg¨cçl¨cbl'rcl'CaxÂSg. rIä¨kumTImYy

Edl¨Cul«dVj'nS[reTHGeN¶Ikd·gxÂçnehIyebIkcUleTA¨kugv^jenaH k*tSgrt'tamLanenaH

eTAeTotrhUtdl'sN½aKarext¶. enHkuMEtmanesck¶IkÂahan kuMGIBuMGaccUlmkdl'VneT e¨JH

VrSgVnVj'Tb'xÂSgNas' mkBIvad·gxÂçnmun. ehIyenHebIkuMEtmanemekay¨Kan'ebI kuMGIk*

25

rtat'rtaye¨sceTAehIy. BYk¨kumTImYyenHVncUlĈtdl'sN½aKar k*tSgVj'sMedAeTArk

bnæb'VrSg. cMENkVrSgnayTahanVrSgmantSgBIsk¶iBIreTAdl'sk¶i¨VM VnVj'mkv^j

y"agxÂSgkÂa. enAmat'CeN¶Ir VrSgVnTajtuTUXSgpÂèvmin[eyIgcUlVn. nay¨kumeyIg

E¨skbJØa[cUl EtcUlmincuH ¨Kan'EtVnKb'¨Kab'EbkeTAe¨Jg¨Jt eFÃI[VrSgTIenaHdYlcuH

xÂHbu"eNöaH e¨kABIenaHvaVj'Tb'eyIgCab'.

sUmGs'elakG~kBicarNacuHfa Exµr²s§r:eBlenaHecjedérBI¨kLaj'tSgBI¨Blb'

mkdl'¨kugesomrabem"ag 2 eTAehIy etIGs'kmÂSgbu"Nöa. Edlmkdl'ehIycab'eFÃIkarvay

lukPÂamenH KWeFÃIedaycit¶cg'qab'Etm¶gKµanKitmuxe¨kayGÃIeT. enHehIyCacritrbs'eyIgmYy

EbbEdr EdleFÃIkarGÃIminsUvsæg'kmÂSgGatµaägesaH.

äcMENkkEnÂgTSgbYneTot Edlman¨kumTSg 4 CaG~k¨btibti¶karenaH swgmaneCaK

C&ydUc¨Vf~a KWeyIgvaybnæayeCégexµAVn VnkSePÂIg 40 edém enAKukk*vayFÂay enAkEnÂgBIr

eTotk*FÂay srubeTAVnGavuFĈt 100 edém. GavuFTSgenaH nSK~am~Im~aelIkdak'elILan ¨bug

nSecjeTAtampÂèvGgðrvt¶. EtKYr[esIceTAcuH eBlEdldak'GavuFelILanehIy tSge¨bIK~aäg

[ebIkLan, KµannrNam~ak'ecHesaH tSgnSK~aerIykGavuFenaHBILanmkv^jkan'm~ak'mYy@ eTA

v^j sl'bu"nµanTukelILandEdl. KiteTAcMNayeBlGt'¨beyaCn_ e¨JHEtminVnsaksYr

K~a[d·gmun. NamYyxÂacVrSgmksågðb'v^jpg maneTA¨sçlGI mkcMNayeBlelIkdak'

dUec~H.

äcMENk¨kumTI1 EdlminGacTmÂaysN½aKarVn mkBIm´"agVrSgenABIelI m´"ageTot

eyIgePÂccab'PÂwkBIerOgsUrs&Bæ EdlecjBIxÂçneyIgnS[VrSgd·gVn ehIyVj't¨mg'mk.

eBlenaHyb'gg·tEmnehIy Etdl'VrSgva¾sUrEr"ker"akrbs'EdleyIgsõay vad·gvaVj'

¨VvmkEtm¶g eFÃI[eyIgruleTAmuxBuMrYcesaH. sUrEr"ker"akenaH KWsUrsÂab¨Jnigq~SgEdleyIg

sõayenaHTgð^cK~a. edérFmµta ²tTgð^cK~a¾sUrGÃIeT luHmkdl'rt' k*Tgð^cK~aer"akr"ak@ Etm¶g.

eyIgrt'eTANak*¾sUr dUcCasJïa[VrSgd·gEtm¶g dUec~HeTaHbIVj'eyIgmin¨tèvk¶I k*

Vj'e¨sacmkEdr bß^HxÂçn. ehtuenHeTIbeyIgcUlBuMVn.

karenHCabTeronmYyEdr famunnwgeFÃIGÃI@ ¨tèvEtKit[Vnlíitlín'swmeFÃI. cMENk¨kum

TI 5 EdlVneTAvaypæHKijnigpæHKyenaH VncUleTAVj'emKyCatiVrSgm~ak'sÂab'enATIenaH

Etm¶g emKyCatiVrSgman¨bBnìCatilav.

eBlenaHem"ag 6 ¨Bwklµm BYk²s§r:eyIgxÂHkMBuge¨tg¨tagedérerIskSePÂIgEdlTahan

VrSgTukecal ¨sab'Et¨keLkeTAPUmiCay¨kug k*eXIjT&BVrSgkMBugsgŬjcUlmkv^j. eTIb

d·gfa «Gya" BYkGaenHePosxÂçnBIyb' eTAe¨kAbeN¶ay[ägGukL¬kbnæayvacuH vacS¨kesab

ägBIe¨kAmkv^jeTetI! minekIteT! kuMenAe¨tg¨tagdl'NaeTot. em¨kumTSgGs' E¨skbJØa[

fytamkºçnyuTìsaås¶eqõaHeTATisxageCég tampÂèvGgðrvt¶. TSgGs'K~afyeTAKµanbgíg' BYkTa

hanVrSg KWVj'e¨Jg¨Jtmk rYcedjtameyIgrhUtnKrvt¶. TSgGs'K~abMEbkK~abMVt'dan

rYck*tSgeFÃId÷eNIreqõaHeTAkMBg'fûèvEtm¶g.

26

karvay¨kugesomrabenH minsnµtfaeCaKC&yÉbraC&yGÃIeT bu"En¶Ca¨semaltsUßmYy

EdleFÃI[BYkGaNaniKmVrSg P&yEpímmat'mYy¨Kad*FMeTAEdr ehIyvaGacbN¶¬HTwkcit¶Exµrä

eTot[PÆak'rlwkeLIgpg.

Btámane¨kaykarvay¨bhar

manGMeBIKYr[QWcab'mYyEdlKYrnSykmkC¨mab.

BYk²s§r:munnwgdkfyecjBIlan¨byuTìVnnSK~anSG~krbYs¨sal@ mktam äG~k

rbYsF©n'ykmkBuMrYc k*nSK~a¨Kah_ykeTAdak'enAnwgmuxKiland½an¨kug.

edayKiteXIjfa: BYkbuKðlikeBT´Kg'mancit¶FmáCYyB´aVlEdr. bu"En¶mandUceyIg

KitäNa? e¨kayEdlVncUlmkkan'kab'¨kugv^j PÂamenaHBYkVrSgVnbJØa[elIk²s§r:

G~krbYsTSgbu"nµandak'elILanTahand·kecjBITI¨kug dl'«¨BehIyk*[Qb' rYcelIkG~krbYs

TSgenaHeVHmkdéVj'ecalmYym¶g@ smÂab'TSgGs'(1). KiteTACaGMeBI«¨B«p§Emn. tamFmµ-

tacºab'skl erOgsågðameKminEdlsmÂab'eQÂIysågðameT ehIyäeNHVrSgsmÂab'Exµr

²s§r:CaeQÂIy EdlKµanGavuFenA«dEfmTSgmanrbYseTotpg.

cMENkenAsala¨sukBYkäeNaH e¨kaykarvay¨bharrbs'BYk²s§r: BYkVrSgk*

cab'BYkbuKðliksik§amanelak sMeGO CaG~kkILaVl'Tat'eCégäkxagcSTIC÷nan'enaHvaysÂab'

nigP~ak'garsala¨sukykeTAcgvaysmÂab'Gs'Cae¨cInK~a edayvaecaTfaBYkTSgenHcUl«d

nwgBYk²s§r: k~¬gkarvay¨bharenH. BIe¨JHkalBIkºall©ac BYkbuKðliksik§anigbuKðliksa

la¨suke¨cInK~a CYbCu÷K~asIuelog. dl'kN¶alGa¨Fa¨t BYk²s§r:k*vay¨VvmkEtm¶g VrSg

vaecaTfaBYkenH[«deTABYk²s§r:(2) tamBitBuMmanesaH bu"En¶VrSgEdlvarkEt{kaseFÃIVb

Exµr k*ecHEtecaTy"agh~wgeTA.

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1) erOgenHd·gedaysarelak s-sug rd½mån¶I¨ksYgksikmµ, kaleNaHelakCakUnsis§salaext¶

esomrab .

(2) d·gerOgenHedaysarelak Nub- quM tMNagraås¶sBëf©, kaleNaHelakCa¨Kèbe¨gonenAext¶esomrab.

27

karbMEbkK~a«nBYk²s§r:

bnæab'BIkardkfyGMBI¨kugesomrab, BYk²s§r:VneFÃId÷eNIrmktampÂèvkMBg'fûèv ehIy

mkQb'enACYrP~MdgErk.

edémºI[Vnrs'¨sYl BYk²s§r:VnbMEbkK~aCabI¨kum. ¨kumTI 1 man dab-QYn Caem,

¨kumTI 2 manelak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU Caem, ¨kumTI 3 maneQµaHEdlxƬMePÂceQµaH

¨kumenHVnmkenAnwgsÃayeck.

cMnYnT&BkaleNaH mYy¨kum@ man 35 É 40 É 50 nak'. meF´aVyciJÍwmkgT&B Ca

Par:enAelIem¨kumEdlkaleNaHeKe¨bIkUnecArbs'eK [edér«rGgðasGgûr¨tIsac'Caesº¿g

GMBI¨bCaraås¶. edaytMbn'enaHCatMbn'BMusUvman¨bCaCne¨cIn kar«rGgðas¨bEm¨bmUlesº¿g

s¨mab'ciJÍwmCév^tenaH VnedaytictYcs¶çces¶IgNas'.

cMENkxƬM bußNöcnæ-mu"l manmYy¨kumep§g mancMnYnticK~aeT VnhYseTAenAVgkkEt

m¶g CamYymaxƬM bu"k-KuN ehA ¨tLac EdlKat'manpæHmYyeTotenA¨kugVgkk napÂèv¨ckEsg

cnæ tMbn'¨BHx~èg. VnCamaxƬMnigxƬMnSK~aecalVt'd÷bgnigGnÂg'v^l BIe¨JHkaleNaHKWCaeBl

EdlraCkarVrSg-Exµr VnTarykEx¨tVt'd÷bgBIesomVnmkv^jehIy ehIykan'kab'Ex¨t

enH EdleFÃI[BYkxƬMBMuGacsÄitenAekIt.

¨tg'eNH xƬMsUmebIkvg'¨kck C¨mabGs'elakG~kbMVt'karsg§&ybn¶icfa ehtuGÃIVn

CaxƬMBuM¨BmcUlmkrYbrYmnigrd½aPiVlVrSg-Exµrv^j ebIEx¨tVt'd÷bg¨tèvVnmkExµrv^jehIy

enaH? ebIxƬM¨sLaj'Cati kaleXIj¨sukeTsVnTamTarEx¨tBIG~kEkºrxagVnehIy KYrEt

sbºaycit¶ ehIycUlmkrYbrYmnwgrd½aPiVlv^j. enHmindUec~aH EbrCaeVlcUleTA¨sukEdl

28

Cas¨tèvrbs'CatieTAv^jqû¬y! etIxƬMminsbºaycit¶nwgext¶Vt'd÷bg¨tèvVnmkExµrÉ? ebIminEmn

eT etIxƬMenAEtsíb'VrSgEdlK~axMTamTarVt'd÷bg[Exµrv^jÉ?

¨tg'eNH xƬMsUmC¨mab[cºas'las'dUcteTA:

TI 1- Exµr²s§r: VnciJÍwmcit¶KiteXIjfa ¨beTsExµrTSgmUlBuMTan'VnäkraC´enA

eLIyeT ¨tèvEttsUßrMedaH¨sukTSgmUl[putBInwmVrSgEss, äerOgext¶Vt'd÷bgenaH k*Cakmµ

vtĬ«nkarTamTarrbs'Exµr²s§r:Edr KWfa Exµr²s§r:tSgcit¶fa nwgTamTarEx¨tenHBIesomEdr

enA«f©NamYy. ²LèvebIraCkarVrSg-ExµrTamTarEx¨tenHVnmkmun k*BYk²s§r:CYyGrEdr

bu"En¶minsUvsbºaycit¶¨tg'EdlfaEx¨tenH vaeTAenAk~¬g«dVrSgdEdl vaBuMenAelI«dExµresaH.

TI 2- erOgpæal'xÂçn, rUbxƬMBuMGaccUl¨sukExµrekIteT tºitxƬMecjBIKukekaH¨tLacenaH min

Tan'dl'q~SecjäNa? xƬMecjBIKukenaH mYyq~Smunsal¨kmse¨mc[ecj. dUec~HxƬMenAC÷Jk'

KukekaH¨tLac 1 q~SeTotäeNaH. G~kdak'KukxƬMKWVrSg G~kedaHxƬMKWCbu"n(1). ²LèvBYkVrSg

cab'TSgelak sWug-gu"kfaj' Caembk§rbs'xƬMeTAehIy ebIxƬMcUleTA¨sukv^j etIVrSgva¨bNI

xƬMÉ? ¨VkdNas' vamuxCabJØènxƬM[eTAekaH¨tLacCafµé Ék*y"agNay"agNIeTotminxan.

TI 3- Exµr²s§r: kMBugmanlTìPaB nwgB¨gék²TìiBl BIe¨JHeBlenaHclnatsUßrMedaH

¨sukrbs'yYn k*VnpuspuleLIgEdr EdleyIgehAfa ¨kumeyokmijenAkalenH. ExµrtsUß

ehAExµr²s§r: k*VnmanTMnak'TMngCamYyBYkenaHbn¶ic@ Edr ehIyCaehtunS[mankmÂSgnig

esck¶IsgôwmfaQ~HVrSgeTAGnaKt.

enHCacemÂIyrbs'xƬM edaHcMeJHGafá¨bs~adUcEdlVnecaTmkehIy.

BYkxƬM bußNöcnæ-mu"l EdlenA¨kugVgkk manPar:TijGavuFyuTìP&NëmkEck¨kum²s§r:

enAdgErk nigenAsÃayeck. ¨Vk'kasTijenH KWVnmkBIBYk¨kumTSgbIenaH EdleKVn«r

GgðasBIG~k¨sukEdlsµ&¨Kcit¶. ¨kumTSgbIenH CYnkaleKrkpÂèvTijGavuFenHedayxÂçneKEdr

tamext¶Vt'd÷bg nigsurinæ. kSePÂIgkaleNaHmankar"abßén mI«¨teyI nig¨Kab'Ebk. bu"En¶karTij

GavuFeBlenaH Vnedays¶çces¶IgNas' eday«rGgðas¨Vk'kasBuMsUvVn.

cMeJHGavuFEdlTijVn nSykmkEck¨tg'GarJïnigsurinæ edayrfyn¶FMrt'Q~çl

(Edlsµ&¨KCYyd·kTeT²tykQ~çl). äcMENkxagsurinæ d·knSedayrfePÂIgedaylYclak'.

maneBlxÂHdak'k~¬gkarugGgûr, mUrkb'k~¬grmUrkenæl .l. tamreTHePÂIgenHminsUve¨KaHf~ak'eT

bu"En¶cMeJHpÂèvGarJïv^jBiVkNas' edayesom¨by&t~ min[nSkSePÂIgecj.

sUmC¨mabfa KMniteK KWenAEtKMnitmin¨tg'nwgeyIgdEdl BImunfaCYy e¨kaymkeXIj

eyIgEbblUtlas'xagbd^vt¶n_ k*tSg¨by&t~¨bEygcMeJHeyIgeTAv^j. G~krksuIlk'GavuF[

eyIgenaHk*dUec~aHEdr eKesµaHnwgraCkareK Cag¨sLaj'¨Vk'kasrbs'eyIgeTAeTot CYnkal

eKlk'GavuF[eyIgVne¨cInehIy ehIyd·gfaeyIglµmd·kecjenA«f©NaenaH eKx§¬c[

karN_eTAG~kraCkareKe¨sc luHeyIgd·kGavuFecj t¨mçteKk*mkcab'Xat'Ék*qaeqArMxaneyIg

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1) sUmemt¶aemIlerOgKukneyaVy.

29

eday¨bkarep§geTA. enHCaKMniteKedérelIeyIg. eyIgd·g. ehtuenHeTIbeyIgecHEt¨by&t~

ehIye¨bIÓVybEgÃgdan Ék*niyaybgŬseBlevlaEdl¨tèvnSecj¨Vb'eTABYkenaHv^j eTIb

Vn¨sçlk~¬gkarrt'GavuFykmk[K~aägäeNH. m´a"geToteyIgsuMcºab'TijGavuFBIGaCÆaFrpg

k*Kg'mankarP&yPitk~¬gkard·knSecjEdr. xƬMmanerOgmYyC¨mabfa: «f©mYyevlaem"ag 4 l©ac

¨kumxƬMman 8 nak' VnTijGavuF¨Kb'FunenAVgkkdak'elIrfyn¶¨bugnSecjmkGarJï. eBl

enaH ¨sab'EteXIjkgGavuFhtÄesom¨bEhl 100 nak' ¨bkbedayGavuF¨Kb'«dsæ¬H¨smk

eLamB&TìLanEdlerobecjenaH. embJØakareKE¨skmkfa: enA[es©¿m! elIk«deLIgelI, kuM

ke¨mIk! Etke¨mIk, Vj'! eBlenaHmaxƬMBuMenApg xƬMP&yy"agxÂSg yIya"gNaeTAGIuecH? xƬMk*[K~a

xƬMenAes©¿m! e¨kaymk eKbJØa[eyIgerIGavuFyuTìP&NëcuHmkdév^j [eKkt'cMnYn. eq¿teBl

enaH xƬMe¨bIkµçyxƬMm~ak'[rt'eTAtamma b"uk-KuN edémºImks¨mçlkarN_enH. enAcenÂaHeBlenaH

manExµrm~ak'eQµaH Gacar´ehg ecHesome¨CA¨CH eTAniyaykarN_nignayGavuFhtÄesom

bJØak'fa GavuFTSgenH KWraCkar«fGnuJïat[v^jEdrehIy. nayGavuFhtÄenaH d·gdUec~aHrkqa

eqAminekIt k*[K~IK~aeKfyeTAv^j bu"En¶eKTuk[TahanBIrnak'enAyamGavuFenaHsin.

luHEsíkeLIgema"g 11 eTIbmaxƬM bu"k-KuN mk¨Vb'fa: [ykecjeTAcuHeKGnuJïat

ehIy! eTIbeyIgnSK~anSGavuFenaHecjmk. mkdl'GarJïem"ag 4 PÂW. s¨makcS¨Bwk luHem"ag

8 ecjBIGarJïmkeTot tampÂèvsirIesaP&N. em"ag 12 «f©¨tg'eTIbdl'kMBg'fûèv. TSgGs'K~a

Qb's¨makenAvt¶mYyeQµaHvt¶V¨t. KWvt¶enaHehIy CaTI¨bCu÷hat'«n¨kumExµr²s§r:nigCaTI

bJØakar cat'bJØènesº¿gnigGavuFyuTìP&NëeTA[BYkäeTotTSgbI¨kum.

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30

karVk'EbkK~a«nBYk²s§r:

BYk²s§r:¨kumnimYy@ suTìEtmanKMnitcg'lºIeQµaHEtm~ak'äg. BYkem@ suTìEtcg'Vn

FM KµanniymK~aeTAv^jeTAmkeT. ¨kumnimYy@ hak'dUcCaenAdac'edayELkBIK~a KµanTak'TgK~a

esaH. minEtbu"eNöaH edaycg'maneQµaHEtägeBk ¨kumxÂHVnB´ayambMVt'¨kumäeTot[

sabsUn´eTApg. eQµaHdab-QYnmanC&yC÷nHelIeKk~¬gerOgenH. dab-QYnVnlºgehAem

¨kumäeTot [eTAkan'kEnÂgmYyenAx~gP~MdgErkEdlKat'VnNat'Tuk ehIyEdleKäeTotBuMFÂab'

d·gkn¬kken¿t Kat'Vncat'karsmÂab'em¨kumäeToty"ags©at'. eQµaHelak Ehm-savag

nigelak sarU EdlFÂab'lºIeQµaHeVHsemÂgk~¬gevlaenaH k*¨tèvcaj'kledaydab-QYn

beJÏatnSykmksmÂab'Edr. klenaHdUcem¶c? KWdab-QYneFÃICaesck¶IGeJØIjehA Ehm-

savag nig sarU [mk¨bCu÷C÷nuMkar. Ehm-savag nig sarU Tukcit¶ k*eFÃId÷eNIrmkedaymind·g

xÂçn. dab-QYn[K~aKat'sæak'enAkN¶alpÂèv«¨BCae¨sc. G~kTSgBIrmkdl' k*¨tèveKlbVj'

ecaleTA. bk§BYkkUnecAeQµaH Ehm-savag nig sarU Kµanemekayk*rlayeTA ehIyxÂHEbr

CacUlnwgdab-QYn xÂHeTotEbrCacUlnwg¨kumd«TEdlminTan'rlay.

mkdl'¨twmeNH xƬMEdlCaG~kbegûétnigCaG~kmanKMnitb¨gçbb¨gçmenaH k*Gs'kmÂSg

Gs'smtÄPaB¨twmeNH rYck*tSgEbrCamk¨by&t~Gatµaägv^j xÂacBYkTSgenaHeFÃIÓbXattam

v^FIenHenaH EdlxƬMBuMGacnwgd·gVn. tSgBIVt' Ehm-savag nig sarU mk, dab-QYn Elg

Tak'TgnwgxƬM cg'smÂab'xƬMeTAeTot. xƬMk*BuMmantUccit¶GÃIcMeJHKat'Edr bu"En¶xƬMmkenAnwks¶aycMeJH

GMeBIeXaeXArbs'Kat' EdlminKYrCanwg¨b¨Bwt¶eTAelI¨kumäeTot nS[rlayGs'enaHesaH.

dab-QYn minnwkeXIjfa dl'GatµaGjsmÂab'mit¶rbs'GatµaGjGs'eTAenaH etInwgnS[Gatµa

GjmankmÂSgxÂSgeLIgVneT? enHehIycritExµr! KitGÃIcg'EtFMminKit[VnEvgq©ay. VnFM

ehIy etId÷eNIrkarteTAVn¨sçleT. kuMtSgcit¶cg'EtFM, kuMtSgcit¶¨kumGjFM xÂçnGjFMeTIb

31

eFÃIkarekItenaH min¨besIreT. ebIecHENnSK~a[rYbrYmK~a kicÍkarGacedéreTAVn¨sçlCaCagEbk

Vk'K~a. enHKWKMnitxƬM bußNöcnæ-mu"l.

bu"En¶ dab-QYn CaCne¨skQam CaCncg'FMbu"nes¶c Kat'KµanKitBIGÃIesaHeLIy sUmºI

mit¶smÂaj'Kat' k*Kat'smÂab'ecalEdr. KitemIlelakekA-tk' Caem²s§r:maneQµaHlºIrbs'

elak sWg-gu"kfaj' ¨bmuxclnaExµresrI ehIyCamit¶cit¶mYynwg dab-QYn pg k*¨tèv dab-

QYn cat'kar[Vj'smÂab'ecaleTAEdr (enA«f© 11 kum̧: 1955 enABYkext¶esomrab).

xƬMsUmrMlwkerOgeQµaH ekA-tk' enHbn¶ic e¨JHeQµaHenHCaG~kbd^vt¶n_tsUß enAk~¬g¨bvti¶

tsUßKYrsresIrm~ak'Edr.

elak ekA-tk' Caem²s§r:ExµresrId*sMxan'enAtMbn'esomrab. Kat'CaG~k¨bqSgnwgBYk

GaNaniKmniymy"aglºIlºaj. enAq~S 1954 k~¬geBlEdlsn~isITh§·ENvt¨mèv[Exµr

¨Kb'nin~akarTSgGs'enAk~¬g«¨BTmÂak'GavuFrYbrYmnwgrd½aPiVl, eBlEdlelak sWg-gu"kfaj'

dak'GavuFEdr tamesck¶Ise¨mcenaH, elak ekA-tk' k*Vndak'GavuFcuH suxcit¶rYbrYmnwgrd½a

PiVl. eBlCamYyenaH eQµaH cnæ-sUr"at Caem²s§r:xÂSgBUEkdUcK~a k*Vndak'GavuFrYbrYmEdr

¨BmTSgGs'elakG~ktsUßenAk~¬g«¨Be¨cInK~aeTot k*VnmkrYbrYmnwgrd½aPiVlEdr.

äelak ekA-tk' eBlEdlKat'mkrYbrYmk~¬gsgðmCativ^jenH KµanGÃInwg¨bkbrbrciJÍwm

Cév^t k*es~IsuMxÍI¨Vk'rbs' dab-QYn CaedémTunxÂH nwg¨bkbrbr e¨JHGagfadab-QYnCamit¶

cit¶mYy. dab-QYnk*p¶Sfa [cUlmkykluycuH Kat'Tuk[enAm¶¬MBYk eTIbKat'cat'K~aCae¨sc

[cScab' ekA-tk'. elak ekA-tk' minVnd·gxÂçnk*mk mkdl'¨bEhl 10 Kùmù nwgdl'¨suk

BYk k*¨sab'Et¨tèvBYkdab-QYnsæ¬HeTA{bmYyrMeBc. yl'facaj'kldab-QYn elak ekA-

tk' k*bMrHelatTat'Fak' xSkekrBYkG~kcgy"ageBjTMhwg. ¨bsinebImanEtkSePÂIgxÂImYyÉman

kSbites~¿t ¨bEhlCaeFÃIGÃIKat'BuMVneT EtKat'KµanykGavuFGÃImkkMdrxÂçnesaH edayGagEtfa

dab-QYnCamit¶ mind·gCamit¶smÂab'mit¶GI k*¨tèvBYktµatrbs'dab-QYnGUsTajKat'ykeTA

Vj'ecaleTA! KYrQWcab'. eBll©aceTIb¨Kçsarrbs'elak ekA-tk' mklbyksaksB

elak ekA-tk' ykeTAbJͬHenAvt¶P~MV¨t kMBg'fûèv. sUmC÷rabfa elak ekA-tk' mankUn¨sIEt

mYyKt' EdlsBëf©enH ¨tèvVnCaPriyaelak hg§-Funhak'.

enHägehIyEdls[eXIjfadab-QYncg'FMEtm~ak'äg Tukmit¶Pk¶i[enAeTIsmuxmat'

xÂacmit¶Pk¶ienaHVnFMpg nS[xÂçnFMEtägminekIt. erOgenHVnBtámancºas'las'fa mkBIxÂac

ekA-tk' Vnyssk¶ixõg'xõs'eTA«f©mux eTIb¨tèvEtsmÂab' ekA-tk' ecal. sm&yenaHnrNa

minlºIeQµaHfa ekA-tk' Camnus§sMxan'?

²LèvxƬMsUm¨tLb'mkniyayerOgxƬMteTAeTotÐ

e¨kaymkeTotedayyl'fa eyIgGt'GMNacnwg¨Kb'¨Kg²s§r:ehIyenaH maxƬMnigxƬMk*

¨bkassuMlaElgBI¨kum²s§r:eTA. karlaElgenH BYkem²s§r:äeTotenaH eKminmat'eT

e¨JHeKrwg«drwgeCég Gacrs'enAedayxÂçneKVnehIy eKKµankarGInwgBwgJk'maxƬM nigxƬMdUcmun@

32

eT. ehIysmebIxƬMecHEt¨bqSgnwgGMeBI«¨B«p§rbs'BYkeKpg etIeKcg'[xƬMenACamYyBYkeK

Nas'eTAÉ? eKmincg'eT eKcg'Et[xƬMfyecjeTAy"agh~wgäg.

¨tg'h~wgehIy EdlxƬMVnC¨mabGs'elakG~kk~¬gesck¶Iep¶émfa skmµPaBBYkExµr

²s§r:eXIjfapæ¬yBIeKalbMNgrbs'eyIgG~kneyaVyrMedaHCati. skmµPaBBYkenaH KWCa

KuNv^bti¶y"agFMEdlp¶l'[xƬMnUvkarxkcit¶y"agCUrct'drabsBëf©. ehtuenaHehIy eTIbxƬM

niyayriHKn'GÃI@ xƬMcUlcit¶niyayfa enHehIycritExµr.

dUcCasBëf©enHeTot eyIg¾eBj¨tecok xagBYk«¨BeKfa ÇeKrMedaHÈ cUlmkdl'

¨sukNa dutsõandutpæHG~k¨sukh~¬gm"d½. xageyIgäeNHEdr edémºIkuM[BYk«¨Bdut k*manG~k«d

xUc@ enABIe¨kaykgT&B cSruHerIpæHG~k¨sukd·kKµansl'«drENg bgûg' epæagpÂan eqÂIydak'

Tahan. TahanG~kcºSgCab'xÂçn Cab'EP~kEtnwgxµSg maneBläNanwggakmklYcqk'ruHerId·k

CJØènenaH. ecarmÅagcUlmkdutbMpÂaj ecarmÅag¨svaevc etI[pæHExµrenAsl'GÃIeTA? sBëf©enH

ExµrkMBugcaj'cmºSgy"agxÂSgBIe¨JHGÃI BIe¨JHebIBYk«¨BQ~Hk*gab'Exµr minEmngab'GaemrikSgeT

ebIBYk¨sukQ~Hk*gab'Exµr minEmngab'yYnhaNUyeT.

bu"En¶BYkem@ xagelImanKitGÃIerOgenH. BYkem@ xagrMedaHk¶I BYkem@ xagecar¨sukk¶I

suTìEtsU¨t¨Tws¶I¨sLaj'CatiTSgGs' KµannrNayl'faeFÃIenH KWbMpÂajCati[raås¶rgevTna

eT minKitemIlVk'sõane¨CaycgÃakëèg es¶csIhnuE¨skbnærmkfa: eFÃIh~wg¨tèvehIy! enHVn

cM! äBYk²s§r:kaleNaHk*rebobh~wgEdr! critExµrmanEtmYyGIucwg!

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33

xƬMcUlmkk~¬g¨beTsv^j

enAeBlEdlfyxÂçnBI²s§r: xƬMk*VnenAnwg¨kugVgkkteTAeTot. bu"En¶eday¨kugVg

kkKµanrbrGÃInwg¨bkb enAq~S 1948 xƬMk*VnmkenAGarJï. munnwgniyayBId÷eNIrcUleTA¨suk

v^j xƬMsuMrMlwkerOgmYy Edls[eXIjcit¶minesµaHrbs'esomcMeJHeyIg. kaleNaHmanem

eQµaH epAplit GP&yvg§ CaecAelak kfafn (kTaFr) (G~kVt'd÷bgehAfaelakmÍas'@)

manExµrm~ak'eQµaH QYn EdrCaemrg. eQµaH QYn Vnlbcab'BYkExµr²s§r:enAe¨kam{vaT

elak ta¨tLac maxƬMBIrnak'eQµaH¨Kè rs-yWn mUy, eQµaH mIu-PUrinæ mYy. ¨Kè rs-yWn nig

muI-PUrinæ(1) Camnus§sMxan'Nas' k~¬gcMeNamExµr²s§r:äeTot. BYkeQµaH QYn enaHnS¨Kè

rs-yWn nig muI-PUrinæ eTAsmÂab'enAnwgXuMtabB´"aTSgBIrnak'. VnbI«f©eTAbYn«f© eTIbVnd÷Nwg

enHeTAdl'maxƬMäVgkk eTIbmaxƬMb¶wgt¨mçtenAVgkk. emt¨mçtVnGnuJïat[xƬMnigmit¶Pk¶ibI

nak'eTot eTArkkEnÂgkb'exµacG~kTSgBIrtamkarnSpÂèv«n²s§r:m~ak'. xƬMVnykTSg¨bdab'ft

rUbeTApg Tukftexµac. p~èrG~kTSgBIrenAXÂatBIK~a¨bEhl 5 Em"¨t. xƬMsuMGnuJïatKas'kayp~èr

mit¶emIl[cºas'. KµannrNaCYyKas'kayeT xƬMkayKas'edayxÂçnägp~èrelak¨Kè rs-yWn.

exµac 5-6 «f©ehImrsaykiÂnGesac_^eBjbnæ¬k dgûèvbu"n@ kUn«d xƬMk*tSgftykPinPaKVnsBÃ

¨Kb' rYcxƬMsuMKas'p~èrelak PUrinæ eTot ¨sab'Ett¨mçt«fenaHniyayfa: VnehIy! Kas'EtmYy

dUcCaKas'TSgGs'Edr minVc'Kas'mYyeTotenaHnSEtht'Gs'kmÂSgeT! xƬMniyayfa: mnus§

exµacmanBIr ¨tèvEtmansMNuMerOgBIrEdr ftEtmYyxÃHmYyVnGÃIbMeBjsMNuMerOg! [xƬMsuMGnu-

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1)- elakPUrinæ ¨tèvCabg«fÂrbs'elak Nub-quM.

34

JïatKas'mYyeTotcuH! t¨mçtenaHk*niyaydac'xatfa: manbJØaBIemmkfa[¨Kan'EtnSK~amk

emIlbu"eNöaH KµanGnuJïat[ft[GIeT! bu"En¶²LèvebIftmYyk*fteTAcuH! rYct¨mçtenaHniyay

fa: ²LèvenH[xƬMsuM¨bdab'ftrUbnighÃIlm_k~¬genHykeTAp¶^tmkCUnelak! rYcbgÅ÷edaHhÃIlm_enaH

eTA. eKb÷Vt'erOgenaHrhUteTA. xƬMk*cab'yl'fa {! GaenHelgElºgfõ^nEP~keTetI vaj¬Hjg'[

ExµrnigExµrsmÂab'K~a vaeFÃICaCYyQWqíal! hWu !

enAnwgGarJïxƬMrkrbrTTYlTanlk'kMNat'sMBt' enAGUre¨CA«¨Bòs§I. rbrenHminsUvCa

ce¨mInbu"nµaneT enA¨Kan'EtrkpÂèvcUlmk¨beTskmõ¬Cav^jbu"eNöaH e¨JHeBlenaHrd½aPiVlExµr

cab'ep¶émGMJvnav[BYk²s§r:cuHcUlehIy. äxƬMVnCaBiVkcUl e¨JHdUcGs'elakG~k¨Cab

¨sab' xƬMenAC÷Jk'Tak'TinnwgerOgneyaVyFM@ ¨BmTSgCaG~keTasekaH¨tLacecjBIekaHmunkM

Nt'sal¨kmpg cUlmk²tebIKit xÂacmin¨sçl. eTIbxƬMcat'[¨KçsarenAP~MeBjedérTak'Tg

nwgraCkarsmtÄkicÍ rhUtCYbnwgelak Résident Supérieur pg [s¨mçlkarenH. luHVn¨sçl

ehIy enA«f©TI 29 kkûda 1949 xƬMk*VncUlmk¨beTsExµrv^j.

GkuslxƬM! «f©EdlxƬMcUlmkdl'¨suk k*Ca«f©EdlelakÒBukCaTIeKarBrbs'xƬM EdlxƬM

BuMTan'Vntbs~gsgKuNelakesaH elakVnTTYlmrNPaBk~¬g«f©enaHeTAedayeraKaJFi.

xƬMnwkexÂaccit¶GaNitxÂçneBkNas' Edlrvl'Etedérecal¨suk ecal¨Kçsar rhUtdl'elak

ÒBukVt'bg'Cév^t edayKµanVnCYyEfTSKk'¨cVc' bMerITwkek¶ATwk¨tCak'elakesaH. EtenHeFÃI

em"cebIeyIgykCévPaBneyaVyy"agh~wgeTAehIy. G~kneyaVy KWsuTìEtCamnus§ecal

¨suk ecalÒBukm¶ay ¨bBnìkUn Camnus§Kuk¨cvak' Camnus§ElgKit tamEtnrNad·kykeTA

qÂak'äNak*d·keTA. dUcCaxƬMEdlGEN¶tebÂgeVÂg ecalEm"ecalÒ Cab'Kuk¨cvak' ecal¨suk

mYyelIkCaBIrelIk luHcUlmk¨sukv^j ÒBukk*sÂab'eTAeTot KWG~kneyaVyvaGP&BÃmYycb'

y"agh~wg. xÆM¬VnsMKal'k~¬gcit¶xƬMdUec~aHäg.

karksagCévPaBfµé

mkdl'P~MeBj xƬMEdlsl'¨Vk'kasbn¶icbn¶çc VncUlhußnCamYybgbíèn begûét[man

rfyn¶¨kugcMnYnbIe¨KOg rt'bN¶ak'K~aBIp§arfµéeTAtampÂèvmat'Ten rYcbt'eTAlicdl'pÂèvmunIvg§

eTIbbt'mkp§arfµév^j. KWCakarbegûétmund÷bUgbMputenA¨kugP~MeBj edayxƬMFÂab'eXIjenAVgkk

G~kd÷eNIrĈHrfyn¶¨kugEbbenHe¨cInNas'. cMeJH«fÂĈH xƬMVnykBIG~kĈHm~ak'@ 5 kak'.

sm&yenaHeKVnsðal'e¨cInK~a ehIyniymehArfyn¶xƬMfa ÇLan5kak'@È ¨Kb'K~a. bu"En¶rbr

enHBuMVnplbu"nµaneT edayLanmanEt 3 bN¶ak'K~aq©ay@ eBk minCab'@ K~adUcenAVgkk,

G~kĈHeKxØilcS eKEtgC^HsIukÂè ĈHkg'GÃI@ eTA minsUvmanG~kĈHe¨cIn. yUr@ eTAkan'Etex§ay@

eTA CaehtunS[xatbg'esahußyCalMdab'. rbr ÇLan5kak'È k*¨tèvcb'eTAe¨kayeBlEdl

lk'LanTSgbIenaHeTAv^j.

35

bnæab'BIrbrsßysßavenH xƬMEbkKMnitKitrksuICaG~kedérftrUbv^jm¶g e¨JHkaleNaH

raCkarbegûét[manGt¶sJïaNb&NömanbiTrUbftCasMKal' cMeJH¨bCaCnTUeTA. xƬMxÍIrfyn¶

h§IbmYyrbs'bgbußNöcnæ-fat'enATenÂbiT ebIkbrftrUb[eKenA¨Kb'¨cklúk tSgBIext¶kMBg'

cam-kN¶al- Vt'd÷bg nigesomrab. ext¶TSgBIrxage¨kay (KWVt'd÷bgnigesomrab) enHxÆuM¬

¨tèvekItmanerOgFM@ EdlxƬMKYrykmkC÷rabEdr.

ext¶Vt'd÷bg xƬMcUleTA¨bkbrbrftrUbenHCamYybíèn¨buseBAxƬMeQµaH bußNöcnæ-faNa

rit minVnyUrbu"nµan ¨sab'Etmanem²s§r:EdleTIbekItfµém~ak'eQµaH hußlvg§GanuPaB Vn

¨Vb'kUnecA«deCégeKfa ebIeXIjeQµaHxƬMÉk*bíèn¨busxƬMcUleTAk~¬gtMbn'eK ¨tèv[kab'smÂab'

ecalkuM¨bNI. bíènxƬMVnd·gd÷NwgenH rt'mk¨Vb'xƬM. xƬMnwkq©l'e¨JHmind·gCaeQµaH hußlvg§

GanuPaB enaHsíb'xƬMBIerOgGI. Kit@ eTAyl'fa¨bEhlCaelakenaHsíb'xƬMe¨JHxƬMFÂab'eFÃICaem

²s§r: ehIyBYk²s§r:knxƬMenaHlºIeQµaHsemºIm kaleTAvay¨kugesomrabenaHk*mind·g. BI

e¨JH sUm¨Cabfa sm&yenaH¨kumxƬMekItmuneKbgís'k~¬g¨sukExµr. kMeNItenaHehIyEdlGac

sayPay nS[ekItExµr²s§r:t@ mkeTote¨Jg¨Jt. TSgBYkFÂab'eFÃIecar k*mantSgxÂçnCa

²s§r:Edr Edlsm&yenaHG~k¨suk[eQµaHKnÂas'fa ÇGuiser"acak', ²s§r:ecarÈ KWBYkenH

ehIyEdlbÂn'Lan bÂn'kV"l' cab'mnus§bgðab'yk¨Vk' .l. kkUr¨suk[ekItclacl G~k

¨sukPitP&y¨Cçl¨cbl'¨Kb'kEnÂg. G~kxÂHBIedémeKehAGacar´ luHeLIgeCarsíb'FmáesovePA k*

eq¿tcUl²s§r:ecar KitEtBIedérdutbMpÂajKmõérdékak~¬gvt¶Gs' manem²s§r:eQµaHGacar´ yI Ca

edém G~kTenÂFMsðal'ehIy. ²s§r:duHdUcp§it Etmind·gCamanÓt¶mKti¨tg'NaeT Edlbgúaj

[eXIjfaes~haCatienaH ebImansuTìEtBYkbÂn' BYkdutKmõérdékaecal edaysíb'FmáesovePA

ecaTBYkFmáesovePAfaFmáfµéy"agenH. BYkenaHKµanKitBIrMedaH¨sukeTsGÃIeT. Gs'elakekµg@

¨skre¨kayEdlekItminTan'erOgclacl bgûeLIgedayBYkGiuser"acak'enHeT, emIldl'¨tg'

eNHsUm¨bjab'gakeTAsYrbJØak'cas'@ EdlenAEkºr@ xÂçnenHemIlebImineC¯. G~kenAP~MeBj

enH xÂHk*VnmkenAedaysarBYkenaHGukL¬kxÂSgnasm&yenaHEdr sUmesIubemIlcuHebImineC¯.

cMENkem²s§r:eQµaH hußlvg§GanuPaB EdlcSbMVt'rUbxƬMenaH ¨bEhlCamkBIE¨kg

xÂçnxƬMcUleTAtMbn'Kat' xÂçnKat'mankarGab'muxGab'mat'k*mind·g e¨JHxƬMCaem²s§r:tSgBId÷bUgTI

ehIyFÂab'lºIk~¬gerOgvayVrSgenA¨kugesomrabenaH.

Ety"agNak*eday xƬMFÂab'sðal'critExµrxÂHEdr ehIyxØilcg'Q~Hcg'caj' suxcit¶Qb'

cUleTAk~¬gtMbn'enaHeTA.

bnæab'BIenaH xƬMcUleTAkan'esomrab. KWTIenHehIy EdlnS[xƬMeXIj dab-QYn sg

KuNxƬMrebobNaenaH. ¨tg'eNHehIyEdlxƬMsresrBIxagedémenaHfa: [Gs'elakcSemIl

dab-QYny"agNaCamYyxƬMenaH.

sUmrMlwkeLIgv^jfa dab-QYnVncuHcUlnwgsem¶csIhnu enA«f©TI 1 tula 1949

ehIysem¶csIhnuVntemûIg dab-QYn CaemT&B¨tçt¨taext¶esomrab nigkMBg'FM.

36

xƬMcUleTArksIuenAext¶esomrab VncUleTAC÷rabsuMelakdab-QYntampÂèvkar tºiteK

Ca¨bFanenAext¶enaH. dab-QYn VnTTYledayrIkray niyayfaminGIeT GeJØIjrksIutam

s¨mçlcuH xƬMnwg[eKCYyemIlpg kuM¨BYy.

xƬMnwkGrKuNdab-QYnsnìwk. bu"En¶xƬMkMBug¨bkbrbrenHminTan'Vnbu"nµanpg ¨sab'Et

es¶c¨taj'enH rkerOgedaypÂèvsm©at' [eKcab'xƬMykeTAsmÂab'Etm¶g. xƬMd·gBtámanenHeday

sarsk¶ibIm~ak'enAk~¬gkgT&Bdab-QYnEdl¨sLaj'xƬMesµaH e¨JHeKBIedémeKCakUnecArbs'xƬM

Edr eKVn¨Vb'xƬMfa [¨bjab'fyeTA tºitdab-QYnkMBugcat'kar[eKlbcab'xƬMehIy. xƬMnwk

hYscit¶Etm¶g erOgenHminxusBIerOge¨BgExµrEdlniyayBIerOg²sICbqµa[eTACaxÂaenaHeT.

erOgenaHEcgfa: ta²sIciJÍwmqµamYy eday¨sLaj'qµaenaH k*Cbva[kÂayeTACaxÂa. xÂaenHKit

eXIjfa GtItkalrbs'GjCaqµa elakta²sICbGj teTAebIeKd·gfaGjmanedémkMeNItCa

qµa Gjmin¨besIreT. edémºIkuM[eKd·gfaGjBIedémCaqµa Gj¨tèvEtsmÂab'²sIenaHecal e¨JH

ebITukKat'[enA smKat'niyayerOgedémkMeNItGj nS[GjefakTab. KitehIyk*¨bug¨b

har²sI Et²sId·gTan'k*eFÃI[xÂaenaHkÂayeTACaqµav^jeTA. dab-QYn¨bEhlCacg'bMVt'GtIt

kalrbs'Kat'CamYyxƬM eTIb¨tèvEtkMcat'xƬMenaHäg. Ék*mkBI¨KaenaHxƬMBuMVn[k«¨mGÃIesaHdl'

rUbKat'k*mind·g VnCaKat'cgGaXatB´aVTdl'f~ak'enH e¨JHsm&yenaHKat'¨tèvkarsYysar

Gakrsnìwksnìab'Nas' efAEkcin¨Bin¨Kb'@ K~a¨tèvEtEsne¨BnKat'Kµansl'kºalmYy.

xƬMminGacenAVnk*nSK~IK~acakecjBIext¶esomrab¨bjab'¨bjal'. enHehIyerOgxƬMCa

mYyelakdab-QYn Edle¨kaymkeKsðal'eQµaHfa dab-QYnmجleB¨C enaH.

xƬMmkenAP~MeBjv^j ehIyKitfarkrbrNa[Vn¨sçl kuM[c¨mègc¨masdUcenHeTot.

ehIyerOg ÇneyaVyÈ xƬMBuMePÂceT dUceKej¿nnwgGaePondUec~aHEdr. xƬMVncUlbe¨mIKNbk§

neyaVyenAedémq~S 1950 rhUt 1951 EdlxƬMnwgsresrC¨mabteTAeTotenAC÷BUkxag

e¨kay. xƬMsUmbJØak'enATIenH[ehIyfa tSgBIenA«¨BrhUtcUl¨sukv^j xƬMVnsMKal'eXIjfa

BYkenA¨sukKMnitemniym p¶ac'karniym kab'smÂab'K~a mandUcK~a dUcCaBYkenAk~¬g«¨BEdr dEdl

CadEdl. enHehIycritExµr!

R R

R

37

xƬMcUlKNbk§¨bCaFibety´

k~¬geBlEdlxƬMVncUlmk¨sukv^jenH ExµreyIgmanKNbk§neyaVy tamlkÅN:

¨bCaFibety´EdrehIy tamrd½FmµnuJïEdl¨Tg'sIusuvtiÄ yuti¶vg§ nig elak eGov-ekIs Vn

ksageLIg. q~SEdlxƬMcUlmkenaH KNbk§EdlxƬMGacrMlwkVnenAeBlenaHKW:

- KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ rUbkºald÷rIkan'pûaQUkbICasJïalkÅN_, d·knSeday

elak eGov-ekIs

- KNbk§esrIPaB rUb¨VsaTkMBUlbICasJïalkÅN_, d·knSeday¨Tg' nerat¶m

nrinæedt

- KNbk§exmrbu"n~kar rUbnagKgúég¨BHFrNICasJïalkÅN_ d·knSedayelak

ln'-nl'

- KNbk§tMekIg¨bCaCati rUbhnuman¨TEpnTI¨sukExµrCasJïalkÅN_d·knSeday

elakEy"m-sMbUr

- KNbk§cMerInCati rUb¨BçjTm¬HkgbYn rbs'elak Ca Ĉnkuk

- KNbk§øsanmanC&y rUbTg'CatiBIrExÃgK~a¨Tmû¬d CasJïalkÅN_rbs'elak em"A

cy

- KNbk§rYbrYmCati

- KNbk§¨bCaCn rUbngð&lCasJïalkÅN_

- KNbk§ rUbsMbukXµ¬Mrbs'elak m"m suTì (minEmn m"m suTì Tutiymºi²LèvenHeT)

- KNbk§ rUbkeNë¿v

- KNbk§rUbkN¶ab'¨sèv- sM ej¿n Caem .

38

FmµtaG~kneyaVy Etgej¿nnwgerOgneyaVy y"agNamij rUbxƬMEdlFÂab'Cab'Kuk

e¨JHerOgneyaVyk*enAEtcg'¨bLèkk~¬gElºgenHEdr.

xagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ manK~IK~axƬMCae¨cInVncUlbMerI manelak V"c-QWn, Cu÷-

mYg CaedémEdlFÂab'EtrYmskmµPaBneyaVytSgBIq~S 1936 mkenaH. xƬMmkdl'PÂam elak

miuj-Na¨KI nigelak Cu÷-mYg VnmkCYbxƬM ehAxƬM[cUlKNbk§¨bCaFiety´. manxagKN

bk§äeTotEdr EdlmkTak'Tg EtxƬMBuMVncUl xƬMTTYlcUlxagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ Edl

manK~axƬMe¨cIn¨sab'. xƬMk*VnCYbpæal'nigelak eGov-ekIs bMerIKNbk§¨bCaFibety´tmk.

sUmrMlwkfa nItikalTI 1 «nsPaCatiEdlebIksm&yBI«f© 21 Ex mkra 1948 sma

ĈkPaKe¨cInCaKNbk§¨bCaFiety´ (kºald÷rI). sPaCatiEdlmankrNIykicÍkarJrrd½Fmµ-

nuJï karJrlTiì¨bCaFiety´ EtgEt¨tèvrgGMeBIĈHCan'rbs'hÂçgsIhnuCanicÍ. rd½FmµnuJïEdl

Vn¨bkase¨bIBIq~S 1947 rhUtmkEtgrGak'rGYlCanicÍ bN¶almkBIes¶csIhnuEdlKµan

TsBiFraCFmáesaH ecHEtEkrd½FmµnuJï¨tLb'¨tLinkarJrEt¨beyaCn_nigzan:k§¨t.

ehIyd·gy"agNaeT? edayminsbºaycit¶nwgKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ Edlman¨bCa

¨biyPaBCagxÂçn ¨BmTSgeFÃIkarminsUv¨sbnwgbMNgxÂçnenaH, enA«f©TI 17 kJïa 1949 es¶c

sIhnuVn¨bkasrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 1 enaHeTA.

karenaHeFÃI[¨bCaCnExµr Vt'mat'Vt'kElghßankík¨KEhm¨twmeNaH xÂacsÂab'eday

sar¨BHkruNaCaGmÍas'Cév^telItºèg. ehIyeKd·gfa emIleTA¨Bwti¶karN_¨sukeTsmuxCamin

sUvE¨b¨bçl¨cbUk¨cbl'GÃIteTAeToteT. bu"En¶mans©b'äNa enA«f©esAr_ 14 mkra 1950

¨sab'Et¨Bwti¶karN_mYyekIteLIgdUcrnæH eFÃI[G~kP~MeBjPÆak'epíél rhUtdl'¨sukE¨scMkarniKm

CnbT KWd÷NwgmrNPaB«nelak eGov-ekIs GtIt¨bFansPaCati bcͬbºn~GKðelxaFikar

KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ Edl¨tèvCnm~ak'eVH¨Kab'EbkeFÃIXatelak enATIs~ak'karKNbk§¨b

CaFibety´ elx 67 pÂèvÓkj"ap¬g Ĉtkac'¨C¬gv^fé 9 tulasBëf©enH.

sUmC¨mabfa q~SEdlelak eGov-ekIs TTYlmrNPaBenaH elak Ey"m-sMbUr

Canaykrd½mån¶I, elak ecA-Esnkusl Card½mån¶I¨ksYgyuti¶Fmá, nigmanelak tan'-Kimtwk

CaemKij, elak esg-TiB Caemb"UlIsenAtMbn'p§arfµé EdlmannaTIemIleTAdl'pÂèvÓkj"ap¬g

enaHpg.

eKG~k¨kugP~MeBjTSgmUl kaleNaHswgEtyl'faelak eGov-ekIs sÂab'enHKWeday

Ke¨magÓbXatrbs'es¶csIhnuEtm¶g. e¨JH¨BHGgðnigBYkbrivarelak BuMEmncg'eXIjCév^t

elak eGov-ekIs rs'enAkarJrrd½FmµnuJï karJrlTiì¨bCaFiety´enaHkalNa.

¨KaEdlsmÂab'elak eGov-ekIs sÂab'ehIy eKEbrCaeTAcab'smaĈkKNbk§esrI-

PaBm~ak' eQµaH nUy"a enAbwg¨byabykmkvaysYrcemÂIy vaybgÅ÷[eqÂIyfaxÂçnBitCaXatkr

eFÃIXatelak eGov-ekIs. kaleNaHG~kP~MeBjx§wbex§¿vK~afa: ÇneyaVyenaHeqItNas'

Tat'mYyVnBIrEtm¶gÈ Vnesck¶IfaeKsmÂab'em¨bCaFiety´ehIy eKdEdlh~wgeFÃI[xag

KNbk§esrIPaBenaH Cab'erOgra"veTAEdr. G~kP~MeBjyl'fa erOgh~wgf·õnEP~ksuTìsaF e¨JH

39

xagKNbk§rge¨KaHKµannwkeXIjfaKNbk§esrIPaBCaKU¨bqSgmksgswkEbbenHpgeT. xƬM

mkCYbehtukarN_d*semºImenH k*PÆak'xÂçndUceKkån¶ak' nwkfa {! neyaVyBYkk~¬g¨suk minxus

BIneyaVyBYkk~¬g«¨BEdlxƬMFÂab'rs'enACamYyenaHbu"nµaneT. kab'smÂab'K~a²tGaNit dUcxƬM

VnniyayTukmkehIy enHehIycritExµr! ebIrvl'Et¨bkab'¨bcak' bMVt'Cév^tK~ay"agenH man

eBläNanwgksag¨sukeTs? ksag¨beyaCn_rYmekIt? hWu Gkusl!

xƬMEdleTIbEtVncUlk~¬gKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ k*dUcCaVnmkTTYlmrNsJïa nig

CYyEhsBelakGtIt¨bFan eGov-ekIs Etm¶g. sBelak eGov-ekIs ¨tèvVndEgúykeTA

tMkl'enAeKhd½anelak enApÂèvPatrPaB (GtItsIusuvtiÄ) mat'Ten pæHelx 233 xagtºègvt¶Ekv

¨BHePÂIg eFÃIbuN´TkÅiNanubºTanGs' 7 yb' 7 «f©. ehIyenA«f©TI 22 mkra 1950 sBrbs'

elak¨tèvdEgúCakºçny"agmehaLarik eqõaHeTAbUCaenAvt¶bTumvt¶I . kºçndEgúenaHK¨KwkKe¨Kg

(rUbft 1 : mQUssBäkÓt¶m eGov-ekIs Vn¨buge¨bobdEgúecj) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

semºImNas' xƬM¨tèvKN:kmµkarbuN´ cat'[nSmuxkºçnEdldEgúbt'EbntampÂèvCae¨cInna¨kug

P~MeBj KWecjBIeKhd½ansBpÂèvPatrPaB (GtItpÂèvsuIsuvtiÄ) ¨tg'eTAxagtºèg bt'eTAlic dl'

(rUbft 2 : kºçndEgúsB äkÓt¶m eGov-ekIs «f©TI 22 mkra q~S1950) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

(rUbft 3 : BiFIbg§¬kUl enAmuxmnæIrsPaCatism&yenaH) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

pÂèv 9 tulasBëf© k*edértampÂèvenHmkxageCég mkdl'pÂèvsWnKuysBëf© k*edértamenHrhUtdl'

mat'Ten pÂèvPatrPaBv^j. rYckºçnk*td÷eNIrsn§wm@tampÂèvenH rhUtdl'pÂèvÓkj"aQun eTIb

bt'cUlmklicv^j mkdl'muxmnæIrsPaCati kºçnVnQb' ehIynimn¶¨BHsgôbg§¬kUlCUnsB

enATIenaHeday¨sgUt¨sgat'. bnæab'mkeTIbkºçntd÷eNIrtampÂèvÓkj"aQunmkliceTot eTIb

cUleTAtºègtampÂèvvt¶buTmvtIeTAQb'enAQabnd½anvt¶buTmvtIenaH edémºIbUCa. G~kenAP~MeBj

cUlrYbrYmk~¬gkºçnenHCae¨cIn¨kumCae¨cInBYk ¨bkbedayTwkmuxe¨kom¨kMCaTIbMput. karmYyeTot

EdlTukdUcCaGsÍar´bn¶icEdr KWeBldEgúsBenaH tMkl'elIV"qaVnbn¶ic ¨BHPiruNbgí¬rcuHmk

rYcemX¨sTuM¨sTn'dUcCaecHkan'TukÅ cMeJHmrNPaBrd½bursExµrenHEdr. Gs'elakenAP~MeBj

cas'@ GacnwgniyayerOgenHeLIgv^jVn sUmbíèn@ ¨skrenHsaksYrelakpgcuH.

sm&yenaH, elak eGov-ekIs Vt'bg'Cév^teTA, etIsµartI¨sLaj'lTiì¨bCaFiety´

rbs'raås¶ExµrcuHfyÉ? etIKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ (kºald÷rI) cuHfykmÂSgÉ? minEmneT! pæ¬y

BIvtĬbMNgrbs'BBYkraCniym p¶ac'karniym GaNaniKmniym Edlcg'bMVt'lTiì¨bCaFib-

40

(rUbft 4 : BiFIbUCasB äkÓt¶m eGov-ekIs) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

ety´ nigKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ raås¶ExµrrwtEtmansµartIPÂWfÂaeLIgmYykMriteTot ¨sLaj'

lTiìenHxÂSgeLIg e¨JHeKyl'fa {! lTiìenHmant«mÂNas'etI s¨mab'GjCaraås¶enaH! dUec~H

eTIbeKsmÂab'elak eGov-ekIs ecalkuM[elakCYykarJrGjekIt eKcg'TukGjCaraås¶

gg·t K fÂg'eTArab'stvt§eTot kuM[egébPÂWsÃagekIt.

kalebIraås¶Exµryl'y"agh~wgehIy KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ k*kÂayeTACaKNbk§

Edlraås¶¨sLaj'y"agelIslub.

R R

R

41

xƬMnigKukneyaVym¶geTot

cUlmkk~¬gq~S 1951 KNbk§neyaVyVnmanskmµPaBCafµé eday¨bCaCatiExµr¨tèv

kar[manGgðkarnItibJïti¶eLIgv^j.

KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ CaKNbk§EdlQrCYrmuxKNbk§äeTot edayraås¶FÂab'

sðal'nig¨sLaj'. cMeJHrUbxƬMBuMmanBenÂIseT kareXasnaeVHeq~at dUcCakarkMsan¶buN´Tan

(rUbft 5 : kareXasnarbs'KNbk§¨bCaFibety´sm&yenaH) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

suTìsaF tºitxƬMniyayeXasnam¶g@ kEnÂgNak*edayeKTH«dGbGrsaTrBuMEdlxan. m´a"g

eTot eKFÂab'lºIfa xƬM bußNöcnæ-mu"l FÂab'Cab'KukekaH¨tLac FÂab'ksagkMeNIt²s§r:. emÂ"aH

ehIyeKrab'GanxÂSgNas'cMeJHraås¶.

sPaCatinItikalTI 2 k*¨tèvVnekAGImkxagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´y"age¨cIn Edl

manrUbxƬMk~¬genaHm~ak'Edr. nItikalsPaCatiTI2 enHVnebIksm&y¨bCu÷enA«f©TI 4 tula 1951 .

ehIyenA«f©TI 12 tula 1951 KN:rd½mån¶Ifµé EdlPaKe¨cInxag¨bCaFibety´ ehIy

Edld·knSedayelak hußy Knì¬l CanaykenaH VnnSsmaĈkmkbgúajxÂçncMeJHsPapg.

(rUbft 6 : ebIksm&y¨bCu÷sPaCatiTI 2 sm&yenaH. rUbBIeqÃgeTAs¶S : CYrxagmux elak sWn-san,

¨Tg' ²ånæavg§ . CYrxage¨kay : elak Cu÷-mYg, xƬM bußNöcnæ-mu"l .) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

sPaCatieFÃIkarbe¨mIEtÓt¶mKtiCatidEdl karJrEtlTiì¨bCaFibety´dEdl k*minVn

sux¨sYlesaH ecHEtTTYlkarsgût'sgû^nrbs'es¶csIhnudrab. ehIyVnEtCagmYyq~S

42

bu"eNöaH edayeyIgecHEtcecsrwgTTwgnwg¨BHGgðxÂSgeBk enA«f©TI 13 mkra 1953 ¨BHGgð

e¨bIGMNacp¶ac'karrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 2 enaHeTA. xƬM bußNöcnæ-mu"l nigG~k¨bqSgecj

muxe¨cInK~a ¨tèv«deCég¨BHGgðcab'GUskºalbJÍèlKukk~¬geBlenaHeTA. Cév^txƬM, Cab'KukelIkTI2

nwgelIkenHehIy!. {! GnicÍakmµKuk, GIk*G~k¨sLaj'xƬMemÂ"H? Vt'muxxƬMyUrminVnÉ? kalBIq~S

1942 xƬMVnmkCYbnwgG~km¶gehIy ehIyhYsrhUteTAekaH¨tLac, ²Lèvq~S 1953 xƬMmkenH

m¶geTot ehIymind·gCanwgeTANaeToteT?

xƬMcUlKukelIkTI 2 enH Vnsegûtk~¬gKukFMrbs'ExµrKµanxusBIC÷nan'q~S 1942 eT rebob

EbbbTeFÃITaruNkmµmnus§enAdEdl. ehIyxƬMsegûteXIjeKpÍalmnus§edayv^FIEbÂk@ dUcCa

eKykG~keTaseTAcgepíabnwgKl'sÃay[GågûgecamxS E¨skrkBueTìa!

enHCacritG~kd·knSrd½Exµr KµanEkE¨brebobesaH enAEtcas'K¨mwl«¨B«p§dEdl. xƬM¨TS

rs'enAk~¬gKukGkuslGs'eBl 8Ex 20«f© eTIbmanvasnarMedaHrYcmkv^j.

xƬMsUmrMlwkerOgmYy. muneBlrYcBIkarXuMXSg xƬM¨BmTSgmit¶Cae¨cIn VnTTYlesck¶I

ek¶A¨khaytUccit¶ cMeJHemneyaVyKNbk§¨bCaFiety´dUcK~a EdleKmanvasnalímin

Cab'Kuk eKcUleTA¨V¨s&ynwgBYkxƬMenAk~¬gKuk eKeJlbenæasBYkxƬMfa: Gs'elakeXIjeT?

Gs'elakmineCOxƬM, xƬMVnrMlwke¨cInelIke¨cIn¨KaehIyfa kuM¨bqSgnig¨BHkruNaCaGmÍas'Cév^t

elItºèg[esaH, BYkelakmins¶ab'xƬMeT ²LèvTal'EtGIcwgeTA! bu"En¶minGIeT Gs'elaknwgVnrYc

xÂçnk~¬geBlqab'@ enHehIy!

En! vaeTACaGIcwg, KYrNas'EtmklYgelamelIkTwkcit¶K~a mindUec~aHEbrCamkbenæas

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