碩三／李明桓（定義）碩二／方品富（脈絡） ／曾信上（系統） ／林育正（校長）

Culture and Climate

What is “Education”?What does education do?Do we follow our educational principle to

“educate” our children?In your view, how do you think about

education?Let’s take a look this speech!

Something about “Education”

“Theory” should be applied!“Theory” would be understandable!“Theory” could be told, even to your mom!In our textbook:

一種認知的架構這個架構裡有著組織成員共享的態度價值觀行為規範與期望。（ Greenberg and Baron, 1997 ） 各種不同組織成員的分享意義的系統。（ Robbins, 1998 ） 組織內共享且用來與其它組織區分的特質。（ Hoy and Miskel, 2001 ）

Let’s take a look about definition of “culture”!

Something about “theory”

Google online dictionaryThree definition:The ability of using “words” to express and

having knowledge in the book.The sum of material and spiritual property

the human created, especially means education, science, art, etc.

In archaeology, it means an integrated object and historical remains would not transfer from the different location in the same period.

Something about “Culture”

教育部重編國語辭典修訂本：The total outcome that human created

during the history proceeding process, included religion, morality, art, science, etc.

教育部國語辭典簡編版：The same as above.

教育部國語小字典：The status that society developing

presented.

Something about “Culture”

The single individual is the basic unit to form the “culture.” Culture is the common between individuals, only one can’t form culture.

The content of culture is including everything, material and spirit, even the stream of consciousness.

There is no end of culture developing! Remember it included everything, even the day of world end. Maybe it could be different between generation to generation, that’s “culture.”

Something about “Culture”

Culture in my viewPersonal faith, value, religion, prefer, habit

Gender ： male ／ female

Occupation ： Principal ／ Director ／Leader ／ Teacher

Religion ： Buddhism ／ the Cross ／ folk beliefs

Teaching style and Class manage ：autocratic ／ authoritarian ／ democratic ／equalitarian ／ permissive ／ laissez faire ／ignoring

Organization Culture in my view

Culture is the changeable part in common, included three components.

Does “labelization” equals to “culture”?http://www.wretch.cc/blog/tingirl0211/11799

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Conclusion and Questions

What’s school culture?Culture of efficacy

Culture of academic optimism

Culture of trust

Bureaucratic institutional culture

Family Culture

Market culture Humanistic culture Custodial

culture

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What’s your school culture?

成果導向、團體導向、冷漠、人為導向、有創意的、重視學業表現、學校的主要願景、理念

What’s our school culture?

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Change , from me!Change your mind.

Creativity is creativity and the executive power.

Do not use the previous method to teach today's students.

It is difficult but possible!

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Change , from me!

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What is “climate”?1. Definition: the weather averaged over a long period of time

2. The difference between climate and weather :"Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get."

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What is “ School Climate”?School climate: a relatively enduring quality of the school

environment that is experienced by participants, affects their behavior, and is based on their collective perceptions of behavior in schools(Hoy, W. K. & Miskel, C. G., 2008)

Renato Taguiri (1968): a particular configuration of enduring characteristics of the ecology, milieu social system, and culture would constitute a climate

What is “Organization Climate”?

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School Climate

School Climat

e

Culture

Ecology

Milieu

Social Syste

m

Share: 1、再興國小介紹 2、雲林縣成功國小

Formal or informal structures or rules: principal-teacher communication, participation of staff in decision-making, teacher-student communication

Value and belief system, such as student peer norm, expectation for success and discipline in school

Physical and material aspects: school building, school library

Average characteristics of the individuals in school: teachers’ morale, staff stability, students’ background

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Conclusion1. According to Renato’s saying, do you

think which factor(the ecology, milieu, social system, and culture ) is the most important? (When you are a teacher, which factor will you emphasize to introduce your school?)

2. Climate changes, but how about school climate?

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CHANGING THE CULTURE AND CLIMATE OF SCHOOLSCase share http://www.wretch.cc/video/wang0904&func=single&vid=5379238（中視） http://www.wretch.cc/video/wang0904&func=single&vid=5347327（民視） http://www.wretch.cc/video/huangyiyu&func=single&vid=4683864（唱歌） http://www.wretch.cc/video/david84116&func=single&vid=6263550（大會操） http://video.yahoo.com/watch/1043741/3887184 （變魔術） 校長穿制服 和學生打成一片 2009-10-07 ．聯合報． AA4 版．教育．記者蔡佳妤／台中縣報導 學校氣氛因為校長願意放下身段，轉換角色參與方式，而營造良好的氣氛（校長 v.s. 教師 v.s. 家長 v.s. 學生多贏的態勢）

• Principal will take to the organization attentively the forward atmosphere and enhances the morale

• When the school all colleagues can be from heart thanks, the organization atmosphere is not good difficultly

• The role must transform unceasingly can realize the group basic unit the feeling

• The display ingenious conception and the creativity create the good atmosphere

My viewpoint

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The Clinical Strategy

The Growth-Centered Strategy

A Norm-Changing Strategy

臨床為目的的策略成長為中心的策略規範改變為目的的策略

Textbook content

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• 敏銳的校長可透過經驗及系統分析獲致更好知識

• 改變教師次級文化和分享有助於學校氣氛和文化

• 校長應該以一致的方式觀察與提供組織氣氛

• 校長應隨時準備提供教師更多的自由與責任

The perceptive principal may have acquired much of this knowledge through experience but, typically, a more systematic analysis is enlightening and valuable.

If administrators are going to be successful in changing the school climate and culture, then they must change the norms and values of the teacher subculture as well as the basic, shared assumptions of the faculty and administration.

The principal should see organizations, and hence organizational climate, in a constant state of flux.

Principals are always ready to provide teachers with more freedom and responsibility in the operation of the school.

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低強調成果低疏遠高關懷高以身作則

低強調成果高疏遠低關懷中以身作則

高強調成果高疏遠低關懷中以身作則

低強調成果低疏遠高關懷中以身作則

高強調成果低疏遠高關懷中以身作則

高強調成果高疏遠低關懷中以身作則

低阻礙低隔閡高同事情誼高工作精神

低阻礙低隔閡高同事情誼高工作精神

高阻礙低隔閡低同事情誼高工作精神

低阻礙高隔閡高同事情誼中工作精神

低阻礙高隔閡低同事情誼高工作精神

高阻礙高隔閡中同事情誼低工作精神

• 六種氣氛類型的校長行為和教師行為特徵

開放型 自主型 控制型 親密型 管教型 封閉型

校長行為

教師行為 引自謝文全（ 2004）。教育行政學。台北：高等教育。

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教師會的看法 強悍的行事風格引爭議。 全校 181 位教師，僅 6 位表態支持， 132 位教師反對校長連任。 不得學生緣。 行政人員更替如走馬燈，校務推行不易。 校內外場合發言，言語不得體。

Conclusionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDvYGHYz7iI&feature=youtube_gdata﹙ 北一女事件﹚ 聯合新聞網 2009/02/15北一女創校百年來首次有校長被逼退的紀錄

學生的看法• 校長情緒不穩定。• 校長不給情面。• 常用言詞羞辱學生。校長的看法• 做該做的事，說該說的話。• 校內問卷調查不夠嚴謹，仍有討論空間。• 溫書假並非她取消，全國都如此，學生會被記曠課，也依照校規處理。

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校長協會及家長聯合會的看法 高雄女中校長余碧芬：周校長辦學認真。「可能雙方溝通出了問題。」校長很難做到讓所有老師都滿意；「校方與教師會應強化溝通機制」。 台中一中校長郭伯嘉：北一女教師會若只針對周校長管教學生太嚴格，就要逼退校長，令人難以置信。周校長辦學並非毫無績效，教師會應該平和、理性與校長溝通才對。 高雄市教師會理事長于居正說，早年「土霸王」式的威權校長已很少了，多數校長都重視和教師會溝通，高雄市未曾聽聞教師會連署罷免校長，除非校長觸犯法律。

家長的看法• 不給情面，無法溝通。• 學校運作有問題，待改善。• 撤換校長是唯一的作法。

Q & A落幕