curso ingl s intermedi rio i 26053

8/17/2019 Curso Ingl s Intermedi Rio i 26053

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Seja bem Vindo!

Curso

Inglês IIntermediário

CursosOnlineSP.com.br

Carga horári 60a: hs

http://www.iped.com.br/


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do:úConte

Object Pronouns .................................................................................................. Pág. 7

Simple Present vs Present Continuous ................................................................ Pág. 10

Wh - Questions .................................................................................................... Pág. 12

How Many / How Much ........................................................................................ Pág. 15

Countable / Uncountable Nouns .......................................................................... Pág. 17

How Many / How Much / Quantifiers .................................................................... Pág. 20

Both / Either... or.../ Neither... Nor... ..................................................................... Pág. 22Present Perfect .................................................................................................... Pág. 23

Present Perfect vs. Simple Past ........................................................................... Pág. 26

Present Perfect with How Log, Since and for ....................................................... Pág. 28

Wh - Questions .................................................................................................... Pág. 31

Superlatives + ever + present perfect .................................................................. Pág. 36

Gabarito ............................................................................................................... Pág. 38



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Unidade1: OBJECT PRONOUNS

Subject Pronoun Object PronounI ME

YOU (singular) YOUHE HIM

SHE HERIT IT

WE USYOU (plural) YOU

THEY THEM

Give me your hand.Sheila called you last night.

John gave her a ring.Usamos os object pronouns para substituir o objeto de uma frase.

Normalmente, estes pronomes aparecem após um verbo ou umapreposição. Observe:

Brad Pit t is a good actor.I like Brad Pit t .

Se já estamos falando de uma pessoa em específico (Brad Pitt ), nãohá a necessidade de repetir o seu nome em uma segunda frase. Neste caso,

usamos um object pronoun:

Brad Pit t is a good actor.I like h im .

EXERCISE

Answer the questions using I like, I don‟t like, I love or I hate, followedby an object pronoun.

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF BRAD PITT?

I l ike him.

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF ANGELINA JOLIE? ___________________________________________

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF SPAGHETTI? ___________________________________________

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF RAW VEGETABLES? ___________________________________________

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF STUDYING ENGLISH? ___________________________________________



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WHAT DO YOU THINK OF WAKING UP EARLY ON WEEKENDS? ___________________________________________

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE BEATLES? ___________________________________________

EXERCISE

Complete the sentences as in the example.

Jackie wanted some new sunglasses. I bought these to her .

John is my boyfriend. I love _______.

These books are mine. Give them back to _________.

We need to finish this project. Please, send _______ an e-mail tonight.

The students didn‟t study a lot for the test. The teacher gave ______ a verypoor grade.

You are a very kind person. I really admire ______.

1.1 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Subject Pronoun Possessive PronounI MINE

YOU (singular) YOURSHE HIS

SHE HERSIT ITS

WE OURS

YOU (plural) YOURSTHEY THEIRS

Hey, be careful with this car. It’s mine .Excuse me, is this bag yours ?Whose computer is it? / It’s hers .

No curso básico vimos os possessive adject ives , que indicamposse e ocupam o lugar de um adjetivo (antes do substantivo) na frase.It’s my house.



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Agora veremos os possessive pronouns , que aparecem no lugar deum de um adjetivo possessivo + substantivo. Observe:

It’s my house .

It’s mine .

Os possessive pronouns não vêm seguido de um substantivo e nãosuportam o artigo the antes. Veja:

It’s mine house . It’s mine .This is the yours . This is yours .

EXERCISE

Rephrase the following statements using a possessive pronoun.

This is my car. This car is m ine.These are your keys. _________________________They are their kids. _________________________That is our room. _________________________This is his car. _________________________

EXERCISE

Complete with a possessive pronoun.

Are these your keys? / No, they are his . (he)

Whose books are these? / They’re _________. (she)

Is this _________? (you) / No, it isn’t. It’s _________. (they)

Is our car Italian? / No, _________ (we) is German.

If this is your cell phone, where is __________ (I)?

How was your test? _________ (we) wasn’t very good. Which one is my pen? / This one is _________ (I). The black one is _________ (you).



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Unidade 2: SIMPLE PRESENT vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Janet works from Monday to Friday.

Today is Thursday, so she i s work ing now.

June studies a lot during the week.

Today is Saturday, so she isn’t studying now.

Neste capítulo veremos a diferença entre o simple present e o presentcontinuous.

Usamos o simple present para falarmos sobre rotinas, hábitos ou fatosno geral.

Observe:

Janet works from Monday to Friday.June studies a lot during the week.I love classical music.

Nos exemplos acima todas as frases estão no simple present , pois se

referem a rotinas (work, study ) e um fato/preferência (love classical music ).

O present continuous é usado quando nos referimos a uma ação queacontece, ou não, no momento em que se fala. Observe:

She i s work ing now.She isn’t studying now.Is she go ing to school now?

Nos exemplos acima, foi empregado o present continuous, pois asações estão acontecendo no momento em que o seu autor fala.



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FORMULA – SIMPLE PRESENTSUBJECT + VERB IN THE BASE FORM W/OUT TO + COMPLEMENT

I work on weekends.

*lembrando que na terceira pessoa do singular (he, she, it ) acrescenta-se umsom de S ao verbo

FORMULA – PRESENT CONTINUOUSSUBJECT + BE + VERB + -ING + COMPLEMENT

I am working right now.

EXERCISE

Complete the sentences with the simple present or present continuous.

Oh, I think the baby i s cry ing . (cry)

When I finish work, I usually ______ (go) jogging at the park.

I can’t sleep at night, my brother and his girlfriend ________ (argue) all thetime on the phone.

My son is on vacation. I’m sure he ____________(have) a great time.

Listen! They ______________(give) a party across the street. / Yes, it’s true.

They ____________(give) parties at least once a week.

Honey, you never _____________(go) to the supermarket. We need food, so

I _______________ (go) there now, ok?



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Unidade3: WH-QUESTIONS

(auxiliaryand modal verbs)

Nesta seção trabalharemos com as principais question words usando o verbo verbos auxiliares e modais. Question words são palavrasque usamos, na maioria das vezes, para fazer perguntas que não podem serrespondidas com yes or no. Observe:

DO YOU WORK IN SÃO PAULO?YES, I DO.

WHERE DO YOU WORK?I WORK IN SÃO PAULO.

Veja que no segundo exemplo utilizamos a question word where , oque torna a pergunta impossível de ser respondida com um simples yes orno, nos obrigando a dar uma informação mais específica.

Trabalharemos aqui com as 15 principais question words:

WHICH? QUAL? / QUAIS? WHEN? QUANDO?

WHY? POR QUÊ? WHERE?ONDE?

WHOSE? DE QUEM? WHO?QUEM?

HOW MANY? QUANTOS? /QUANTAS?

HOW? COMO?

HOW OLD?QUANTOS ANOS? HOW MUCH? QUANTO? /QUANTA?



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HOW LONG?QUANTO TEMPO? HOW FAR? QUE DISTÂNCIA?

WHAT TIME? QUE HORAS? HOW OFTEN? COM QUE

FREQUÊNCIA?

WHAT? O QUE? / QUAL?

A maioria das question words apresentadas começam com wh-,por isso essas perguntas são chamadas de wh-questions. How , apesar decomeçar com h- apenas, entra no mesmo grupo por ter a mesma função queas outras palavras.

Vamos aprender como formular perguntas usando essas palavrase alguns verbos auxiliares. Primeiro vamos relembrar como fazermos umainterrogativa comum.

YOU WORK IN SÃO PAULO.DO YOU WORK IN SÃO PAULO?

Agora pegaremos a pergunta e esconderemos uma informação.

DO YOU WORK IN SÃO PAULO? DO YOU WORK_______?

Essa informação que escondemos é a que vamos descobrir usando umaquestion word, que neste caso será „Where?’ .

DO YOU WORK IN SÃO PAULO? DO YOU WORK _______?WHERE DO YOU WORK?

Observe que mantemos a estrutura da interrogativa e apenasacrescentamos uma question word antes do verbo auxiliar do.

O mesmo processo se aplica na terceira pessoa (does) e nos outrostempos verbais (passado e futuro).

HE WORKS IN SÃO PAULO. DOES HE WORK IN SÃO PAULO? DOES HE WORK ________?WHERE DO THEY WORK?

Vejamos outros exemplos.JANE WORK ED ON SATURDAY. DID JANE WORK ON SATURDAY? DID JANE WORK _______?

WHEN DID JANE WORK?



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Neste caso utilizamos a palavra ‘When?’ porque a informação queescondemos é quando Jane trabalhou. Vejamos um exemplo similar nofuturo:

JANE WILL WORK NEXT SATURDAY.. WILL JANE WORK NEXTSATURDAY? WILL JANE WORK_______?

WHEN WILLJANE WORK?

O mesmo processo se aplica para formularmos perguntas comverbos modais. Observe:

HE CAN DRIVE WELL. CAN HE DRIVE WELL? CAN HE DRIVE _____?

HOW CAN HE DRIVE?

I COULD RUN 10km. COULD I RUN 10km? COULD I RUN ______?

HOW MUCH COULD I RUN?

I SHOULD DO MORE EXERCISE. SHOULD I DO MORE EXERCISE?

SHOULD I DO _______?

WHAT SHOULD I DO?



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Unidade 4: HOW MANY / HOW MUCH

Quando usamos as question words acima (quantos e quantorespectivamente) devemos prestar atenção a um detalhe.

Veja o exemplo:

THEY HAVE 5 KIDS. DO THEY HAVE 5 KIDS? DO THEY HAVE ____

KIDS?

HOW MANY KIDS DO THEY HAVE?

SHE DRINKS A LOT OF COFFEE IN THE MORNING. DOES SHE

DRINK A LOT OF COFFEE IN THE MORNING? DOES SHE DRINK ________COFFEE IN THE MORNING?

HOW MUCH COFFEE DOES SHE DRINK IN THE MORNING?

Nestes casos, deve-se usar um substantivo entre a question word e o verbo auxiliar/modal para que a pergunta faça sentido



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EXERCISE

Make wh-questions considering the underlined words as the information tobe hidden.

They live in New York.Where do they l ive?

They lived in Tokyo for ten years. _______________________________________

Matthew woke up at 5 o‟clock. _______________________________________

They stayed in the park until 7PM. _______________________________________

She can speak six languages. _______________________________________

The class ends at 9 o‟clock. _______________________________________

She began to work in January. _______________________________________

Cabral discovered Brazil in 1500. _______________________________________

My brother usually plays football. _______________________________________



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Unidade 5: COUNTABLE / UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

I eat an apple every morning.I eat cheese every morning.

Em ingles podemos dividir os substantivos em contáveis (anapple) e incontáveis (cheese). Substantivos contáveis são aqueles quepodem ser contados e possuem uma forma singular (apple) e plural (apples).

Já os incontáveis possuem apenas uma forma, geralmentesingular (cheese).

COUNTABLE NOUNS1. Permitem o uso dos artigos a/anI bought a computer .She works in an airplane .

2. Permite o uso de some/any (algum/alguns)

We bought some DVD’s.Did you eat any apples ?

3. Permite o uso de many (muitos/muitas) e few (poucos/poucas)

We didn’t eat many eggs .I have few things to do at work.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

1. não permite os artigos a/anI ate a bread this morning.

2. Permite o uso de some /any



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I listen to some music before sleeping.Did you get any milk?

3. Permite o uso de much (muito/muita) e little (pouco/pouca)

We didn‟t do much exercise today.I have little homework to finish.

Por não haver uma regra clara para diferenciar um substantivocontável de um incontável em inglês, segue uma pequena lista para guiá-losdurante o curso:

COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE

Banana Rice

Song MusicBeach Sand

Note / Bill MoneyBattery ElectricityStudent BloodUmbrella Shopping

Photograph WorkThing Bread

- liquids in general

Alguns substantivos podem ser usados como contáveis e incontáveis, comuma diferença no significado.

noise barulho / a noise um barulho específico

hair todo o cabelo / a hair um fio de cabelo

paper papel no geral / a paper um jornal (a newspaper)

coffee a bebida enquanto líquido / a coffee, two coffees uma ou duasxícaras de café

orange juice o suco enquanto líquido / an orange juice um copo de sucode laranja

Se quisermos quantificar um substantivo incontável, podemos usar algumasexpressões muito comuns. Observe:

water a glass of water (um copo de água)coffee a cup of coffee (uma xícara de café)cheese a piece of cheese (um pedaço de queijo)bread a sl ice of Bread (uma fatia de pão)cereal a bowl of cereal (uma tigela de cereal)rice a grain of rice (um grão de arroz)



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EXERCISE

Correct the following sentences, if necessary. Write OK if you don‟t find any

mistakes.

Ticket to ride and Let it be are my two favorite musics.Ticket to ride and Let it be are my two favorite songs.

I need a paper . _________________________________________

John bought a new computer two weeks ago. _________________________________________

Go to the supermarket and buy me four breads, please. _________________________________________

I‟d like a glass of water , please. _________________________________________

The baby needs some milk. _________________________________________

I had a cereal for breakfast this morning. _________________________________________

Excuse me, could give an information, please? _________________________________________

I forgot to put some cheese in your sandwich, Jim. _________________________________________

Do you eat many fruits every day? _________________________________________

There are some people in this room. _________________________________________

I ate a lot of rices for lunch today. _________________________________________



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Unidade 5: HOW MANY / HOW MUCH / QUANTIFIERS

(a lot, not much, all, every)

HOW MANY QUANTOS / QUANTAS

HOW MUCH QUANTO / QUANTA

ALL TODO / TODA / TODOS / TODAS

EVERYTHING TUDO

EVERYBODY / EVERYONE TODOS / TODAS AS PESSOAS / TODO

MUNDO MOST

How many people live in Brazil?

Usamos how many com substantivos contáveis.

How much money do you have?Usamos how much com substantivos incontáveis.

A ll people should do exercise.A ll water in the sea is salty.



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Usamos all + um substantivo plural ou incontável quando falamos deum grupo no geral.

Al l the students in my class should study more.

Al l of the workers in this company will have vacation.

Usamos all the ou all of the quando nos referimos a um grupo maisespecífico.

The winners are all happy.

Podemos usar all também depois do verbo to be nas mesmas condiçõesacima.

Everybody studies for this test.

Everything is very interesting in this city.

Usa-se sempre a terceira pessoa do verbo com everybody /everyone / everything .

Most pets live in houses and apartments.Most of the people in my class are foreigners.

Usa-se most para falar de algo mais geral, enquanto most of the refere-se a um grupo mais específico.

Most of them play very well, but not al l of them will be become professionals.

Podemos também utilizar most of e all of seguidos de um pronomeobjeto.

Every book that I have is about Science.I have to work every Friday night.

Usamos every seguido de um substantivo singular para nos referirmos atodos os objetos dentro de um grupo específico.

Every day todos os diasAll day o dia todo



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Unidade 6: BOTH / EITHER… OR… / NEITHER… NOR…

Both Anna and Jimmy are students. Anna and Jimmy can study either English or Math.Neither Anna nor Jimmy work.

BOTH ambos

EITHER… OR…ou… ou…

NEITHER… NOR… nem… nem…

Podemos também usar as palavras acima com pronomes objetos.

Veja:

Both Anna and Jimmy are students.Both o f them are students. Anna and Jimmy can study either English or Math. Anna and Jimmy can study either of them .Neither Anna nor Jimmy work.Neither of them work.

EXERCISE

Complete the sentences with both… and… / either… or… /neither… nor…

I like both chocolate an d milk.

On our vacation, we can go to _________ Europe ________ Australia. Wehave to choose one.

I’m not sure, but his birthday is _________ in April __________ in May.



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My kids are very smart, they can _________ read _________ speak Englishvery well.

My parents are very healthy, they __________ smoke _________ drink

alcohol.

This class is very hard, we have to _________ paint _________ draw at thesame time.

Unidade 7: PRESENT PERFECT

1. I ’ve never eaten Indian food.

2.Have you been to New York? / Yes, I have . It’s wonderful

2. You have read that book several times.

3. We have worked in the same company for 7 years.

Usamos o present perfect para falarmos de uma ação passada queainda não foi finalizada ou uma ação finalizada onde não é importante dizerquando ela aconteceu, e sim se aconteceu.

1. I ’ve never eaten Indian food.

O falante apenas expressa que nunca teve a experiência.

2.Have you been to New York? / Yes, I have . It’s wonderful.

Na pergunta não é importante saber quando a pessoa esteve em Nova

Iorque, e sim SE ela esteve ou não.



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3. You have read that book several times.

Não é importante dizer quando o livro foi lido, e sim que ele foilido diversas vezes.

4. We have worked in the same company for 7 years.

O falante usa o present perfect para dizer que ainda trabalha naempresa, onde temos uma ação que começou há 7 anos (work ) e aindaacontece hoje em dia

FORMULAS

SUBJECT + HAVE / HAS + PASTPARTICIPLE (3rd column) +

RESTaff. +

I HAVE SEEN THAT MOVIESEVERAL TIMES.

HE HAS SEEN THAT MOVIESEVERAL TIMES.

SUBJECT + *HAVEN‟T / HASN‟T +PAST PARTICIPLE (3rd column) +

REST neg. –

I HAVEN’T SEEN THAT MOVIESEVERAL TIMES.

HE HASN’T SEEN THAT MOVIESEVERAL TIMES.

HAVE / HAS + SUBJECT + PASTPARTICIPLE (3rd column) + REST

int. +

HAVE YOU SEEN THAT MOVIESEVERAL TIMES?

HAS HE SEEN THAT MOVIESEVERAL TIMES?

*haven’t = have not / hasn’t = has not

Lembrando que:

- no Present Perfect conjugamos o verbo usando o seu past participle, ouseja, a terceira coluna da lista de verbos irregulares

- para verbos regulares, acrescenta-se apenas a terminação –ed, assimcomo no Simple Past



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Nas frases afirmativas, podemos usar algumas contractions.

Observe:

I have = I‟ve You have = You‟ve

He has = He‟s She has = She‟s

It has = It‟s You have = You‟ve

We have = We‟ve They have = They‟ve

EXERCISE

Complete the sentences with the present perfect tense.

Have you seen my bag? (see)

I‟ve __________ a lot around the world to work. (travel)

He‟s _________ many famous people because he works in the airport. (see)

We‟ve ___________ this movie many times. (watch)

I‟ve __________ so many articles for that newspaper. (write) Have you ___________ my mom? (meet)

My brother‟s ____________ that fiction book 3 times already. (read)

Have you ever ___________ off a tree or ladder? (fall)

EXERCISE

Using the sentences from the exercise above, rewrite all of them in theaff i rmat ive form using cont ract ions .

Have you seen my math book?

You’ve seen my math book.

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________.



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Unidade 8: PRESENT PERFECT vs. SIMPLE PAST

I ’ve tried Indian food.I t r ied it last week.

No primeiro exemplo, o falante apenas expressa que teve talexperiência. Enquanto no segundo, ele especifica quando a ação aconteceu(last week ).

Have you been to New York? / Yes, I have . It’s wonderful. I went to NY when I was a teenager.

Na primeira pergunta e resposta não é importante saber quando apessoa esteve em Nova Iorque, e sim SE ela esteve ou não. Enquanto nosegundo exemplo, o falante especifica quando esteve em Nova Iorque(when I was a teenager ).

I have read that book several times.I read it for the last time last month.

No primeiro exemplo não é importante dizer quando o livro foi lido,e sim que ele foi lido diversas vezes. Enquanto no segundo, o falante dizquando ele o leu pela última vez (last month).

We have worked in the same company for 7 years.We started in 2005.

O falante usa o present perfect , no primeiro exemplo,para dizerque ainda trabalha na empresa, onde temos uma ação que começou há 7anos (work ) e ainda acontece hoje em dia. Já no segundo exemplo, éespecificado o ano em que a ação começou a acontecer (in 2005 ).

I ’ve worked here for 10 years.I worked here for 10 years.



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No primeiro exemplo é usado o present perfect para indicar que éuma ação iniciada no passado (há 10 anos) e que ainda acontece hoje emdia, ou seja, a pessoa ainda trabalha na empresa. Já no segundo, com osimple past temos uma ação iniciada e finalizada no passado, ou seja, o

falante trabalhou na empresa por 10 anos, porém não trabalha mais.

Resumindo, usamos o Present Perfect quando:

- falamos de uma ação iniciada no passado, mas que ainda não foi finalizada- falamos de uma ação no passado, mas não dizemos quando elaaconteceu, e sim se ela aconteceu

E usamos o Simple Past quando:

- falamos de uma ação iniciada e finalizada no passado

- falamos de uma ação no passado e dizemos quando ela aconteceu

EXERCISE

Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect or the Simple Past tenses.

My brother‟s wife had twins last weekend. (have)

My hometown __________ so much since I moved to NY. (change)

We _______________ college last year. (finish)

I ___________ in SP since 1990. (live)

My parents work in a supermarket. They ___________ there all their life.(work)

When _______ John Lennon _______? (die)

And how long _______ The Beatles __________ together? (stay) _______ you _______ that new movie? (watch)

I love my girlfriend. We ________________ living together for 5 years now.(be)



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Unidade 9: PRESENT PERFECT with HOW LONG, SINCE and FOR

How long have you lived in São Paulo?I’ve lived in São Paulo sinc e 1999 . / I’ve lived in São Paulo for 3 years .How long have you worked here?I’ve worked here since2001 . / I’ve worked here for 11 years .

Podemos usar o Present Perfect com HOW LONG para perguntarsobre o período de duração de uma ação iniciada no passado e ainda nãofinalizada.

Para responder a esta pergunta, podemos usar SINCE ou FOR paraespecificar esse período de duração.

SINCE + starting point in the past(usamos since quando dizemos quando a ação começou)

FOR + period of time(usamos for quando dizemos o tempo de duração desta ação)

Observe:I’ve studied English since 1995 . (desde 1995)I’ve studied English for 17 years . (por 17 anos)

Lembrando que apesar de português utilizarmos o presente simplesnestes casos, não faremos o mesmo em inglês.



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Veja:

Eu moro em São Paulo há 10 anos.I live in São Paulo for 10 years.e sim:

Eu moro em São Paulo há 10 anos.I’ve lived in São Paulo for 10 years.

EXERCISE

Write questions in the present perfect with HOW LONG and then answerthem.

she / live in Brazil

How long has she lived in Brazil?She has lived in Brazil since 2010.

Jane / be a doctor _________________________________She ___________________ 35 years.

Brazil / be an independent country _________________________________Brazil ____________________ 1822.

Your neighbors / have their pets _________________________________

They _________________ 2 months only.

PRESENT PERFECT with EVER and NEVER

Have you ever been to Disney?No, I ’ve never been there.

Have you ever tried Indian food?No, I ’ve never tried it. It’s not my type.

Usa-se ever quando se quer saber se alguém já fez algo ou teve algumaexperiência alguma vez na vida.

Have you ever been to Disney?(Você já fo i para Disney?)

Have you ever tried Indian food?

(Você já ex per imentou comida indiana?)



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A palavra ever com o sentido de já só pode ser usada em umapergunta.Para afirmativas usa-se already , que será visto a seguir.

Uma forma de se negar no Present Perfect é o uso do never em umafrase afirmativa. Usamos essa estratégia quando queremos enfatizar quenunca fizemos algo ou tivemos certa experiência.

I ’ve never been to Disney.I ’ve never tried Indian food.

Observe que nos exemplos acima utilizamos a forma afirmativa(I’ve) seguida de never .

PRESENT PERFECT with YET and ALREADY

I haven’t finished my homework yet .

(Eu ainda não terminei meu dever de casa.)

She hasn’t got married yet .

(Ela ainda não se casou.)

Usamos yet no fim de frases negativas quando queremos dizerque algo ainda não aconteceu, mas que provavelmente irá acontecer.

I ’ve already finished my homework.(Eu já terminei meu dever de casa.)

She’s already g otten married.(Ela já se casou.)

Usamos already entre o auxiliar have / has e o verbo principal emfrases afirmativas quando queremos enfatizar que algo já aconteceu.

EXERCISE

Write affirmative or negative sentences using yet and already . Use thePresent Perfect tense.

he / wash the dishes (already)

He has already washed the dish es.

the game / start (already)

___________________________________________________



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São elas:

WHAT? O QUE? / QUAL?WHEN? QUANDO?

WHICH? QUAL? / QUAIS?WHERE?ONDE?WHY? POR QUE?WHO?QUEM?WHOSE? DE QUEM?HOW? COMO?HOW MANY? QUANTOS? / QUANTAS?HOW MUCH?QUANTO? / QUANTA?HOW OLD?QUANTOS ANOS?HOW FAR? QUE DISTÂNCIA?HOW LONG?QUANTO TEMPO?

HOW OFTEN?COM QUE FREQUÊNCIA?WHAT TIME? QUE HORAS?

Vamos aprender como formular perguntas usando essas palavras eos verbos auxiliares (do / does / did / will / have / has). Primeiro vamosrelembrar como fazer uma interrogativa comum.

HE STUDIES IN THE MORNINGS.DOES HE STUDY IN THE MORNINGS?

Agora pegaremos a pergunta e esconderemos uma informação.

DOES HE STUDY IN THE MORNINGS? DOES HE STUDY _______?

Essa informação que escondemos é a que vamos descobrir usando umaquestion word, que neste caso será „When?’ .

DOES HE STUDY IN THE MORNINGS? DOES HE STUDY _______?WHEN DOES HE STUDY?

Observe que mantemos a estrutura da interrogativa e apenas

acrescentamos uma question word antes do verbo auxiliar does . O mesmoprocesso se aplica nos outros tempos verbais (passado e futuro).

THEY STUDY IN THE MORNINGS. DO THEY STUDY IN THEMORNINGS? DO THEY STUDY ________?WHEN DO THEY STUDY?



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Vejamos outros exemplos.

JANE LIVED IN LONDON. DID JANE LIVE IN LONDON? DID JANELIVE IN _______?

WHERE DID JANE LIVE?

Neste caso utilizamos a palavra ‘Where?’ porque a informaçãoque escondemos é o lugar onde Jane vive.

EXERCISEMake wh-questions considering the underlined words as the information tobe hidden.

(Faça wh-questions considerando as palavras sublinhadas como as

informações a serem escondidas.)

They live in Helskinki.

Where do they l ive?

The train arrived at 5 o‟clock. _______________________________________

Marcus went to Italy by plane. _______________________________________

That DVD cost me $20. _______________________________________

Janet and her husband lived in England for 12 years. _______________________________________ _______________________________________We stayed in the park for 3 hours. _______________________________________

_______________________________________She speaks five languages fluently. _______________________________________ _______________________________________

The class began at 7:45. _______________________________________

We will go on vacation in June. _______________________________________



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Cabral discovered Brazil in 1500. _______________________________________ _______________________________________

My brother and I usually wake up early. _______________________________________ _______________________________________

10.1 WH-QUESTIONS

(no subject)

Who works here?What begins at 10 o’clock? Who l ived next-door in the past?

Ainda no assunto das wh-questions, podemos montar perguntas sem um sujeito. Para tal, costumamos usar as questions words who quando osujeito a ser descoberto é uma pessoa ou what quando não.

Quando fazemos uma pergunta sem sujeito utilizando uma wh-question, a conjugação, independente do tempo verbal, é feita sempre naterceira pessoa do singular, mesmo se a resposta estiver no plural.

Veja:

Who works here?simple presentWho w orked here?simple pastWho wi l l work here?simple futureWho has worked here?present perfectWho is go ing to work here?future w/ going to



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Com isso entendemos que nos tempos verbais onde a terceirapessoa do singular (he /she / it) exige uma conjugação diferente (verb to be,simple present, present perfect...), devemos seguí-la.

EXERCISE

Write wh-questions with no subject for each of the sentences below.

They live in Helskinki.

Who l ives in Hels ink i?

The train arrived at 5 o‟clock. _______________________________________

Marcus went to Italy by plane. _______________________________________

The shops were closed last Sunday. _______________________________________

That DVD cost me $20. _______________________________________

Janet and her husband lived in England for 12 years. _______________________________________

We stayed in the park for 3 hours. _______________________________________

Mary is an excellent dentist. _______________________________________

She speaks five languages fluently. _______________________________________

The class began at 7:45. _______________________________________

We will go on vacation in June. _______________________________________

Cabral discovered Brazil in 1500. _______________________________________

My brother and I usually wake up early.

_______________________________________



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The children are in the classroom. _______________________________________

My son is 15 years old.

_______________________________________

Unidade 11: SUPERLATIVES + ever + present perfect

She is the mos t beaut i fu l girl I’ve ever seen.(Ela é a garota mais bonita que eu já vi.)

Germany is the coldest country I’ve been to.(A Alemanha é o país mais frio que eu já estive.)

Costumamos usar os superlativos (-est ou the most ) com ever e oPresent Perfect (have / has + past participle) para dizer que algo é o “maisadjetivo” que “já verbo”.

Relembrando, veja as regras para a criação de um superlativo a partir deum adjetivo comum.Cold the cold est Hot the hot test

Pretty the prett iestBeautiful the most beautifulDangerous the most dangerousGood the bestBad the worst

EXERCISE

Write sentence with a superlative + ever + present perfect.

it / beautiful city / I / be to



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It’s the most beautiful city I’ve ever been to.

These / expensive clothes / I / buy ______________________________________________

It / long movie / I / watch ______________________________________________

She / good singer / I / listen to ______________________________________________

It / bad pasta / I / try ______________________________________________

It / good book / I / read ______________________________________________

Jack / friendly salesman / I / see ______________________________________________



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Gabarito

Unidade1: OBJECT PRONOUNS

I don't like her.I like it.I don't like them.I like it.I hate it.I love them.

him.me.

us.them.you.

1.1 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

These keys are yours.The kids are theirs.That room is ours.This car is his.

hers.yours / theirs.ours.mine.Ours.mine / yours.

Unidade 2: SIMPLE PRESENT vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

go.argue.having.giving.give.go / going.



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Unidade 4: HOW MANY / HOW MUCH

Where did they live for ten years?

What time did Matthew wake up?Where did they stay?How many languages can she speak?What time does the class end?When did she begin to work?What did Cabral discover?How often does your brother play football?

Unidade 5: COUNTABLE / UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

I need paper.Ok.Some breads.Ok.Ok.Some cereal. Any information.I forgot to put cheese in your sandwich, Jim.Ok.Ok.I ate a lot of rice for lunch today.

Unidade 6: BOTH / EITHER… OR… / NEITHER… NOR…

either... or...

either... or...both... and....neither... nor....both... and...



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Unidade 7: PRESENT PERFECT

traveledseenwatchedwrittenmetreadfallen

I've traveled a lot around the world to work.

He's seen many famous people because he works in the airport.We've watched this movie many times.I've written so many articles for that newspaper.You've met my mom.My brother's read that fiction book 3 times already.You've fallen of a tree or ladder.

Unidade 8: PRESENT PERFECT vs. SIMPLE PAST

has changedfinishedI've livedworkeddid / diehave / stayedhave / watched

We've been

Unidade 9: PRESENT PERFECT with HOW LONG, SINCE and FOR

How long has Jane been a doctor?She's been a doctor for 35 years.

How long has Brazil been an independent country?Brazil has been an independent country since 1822.



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How long have your neighbors had their pets?They've had their pets for 2 months only.

PRESENT PERFECT with YET and ALREADY

The game has already started.We haven't spoken to John yet.I haven't seen that new film yet.The teacher has already gone home.We haven't met Mary's husband yet.

I've already learned to sing that song.Me and my family haven't been to Europe yet.

Unidade 10: WH-QUESTIONS

What time did the train arrive?

How did Marcus go to Italy?How much does that DVD cost?Where did Janet and her husband live?Where did you stay?How many languages does she speak?What time did the class begin?When will you go on vacation?What did Cabral discovered?When do your brother and you wake up?

10.1 WH-QUESTIONS

What arrived at 5 o'clock?Who went to Italy by plane?What was closed last Sunday?

What costs me $20?



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Who lived in England for 12 years?Who stayed in the park for 3 hours?Who is an excellent dentist?

Who speaks five languages fluently?What began at 7:45?Who will go on vacation in June?Who discovered Brazil in 1500?Who wakes up early?Who is in the classroom?Who is 15 years old?

Unidade 11: SUPERLATIVES + ever + present perfect

These are the most expensive clothes I've ever bought.It's the longest movie I've ever watched.She's the best singer I've ever listened to.It's the worst pasta I've ever tried.It's the best book I've ever read.Jack is the most friendly salesman I've ever seen.

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