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8/2/2019 CursoDeLadino.com.ar - Aportacin lingstica de los romances aragons y portugus a la coin judeoespaola Aldi

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[#66:Y

J}`vtjheg legoxtehj dn l`x vìjghnx

jvjo`gx u }`vt~o~x j lj hèg c~dn`nx}j`lj

Jldegj Z~egtjgj

Egtv`d~hheg

^g` dn l`x vjxo`x ix hjvjhtnvxteh`x dn ljx lngo~jx c~djx nx lj qjvendjd ng nl`veong dn l`x nlningt`x z~n ljx hì}`gng, dnfed` jl h`gtjht` z~n l`x c~d`x bjgtnged` h`g `tvjx lngo~jx j l` ljvo` dn x~ bext`vej' Nl c~dn`nx}j`l, z~n xn a`vi

}veghe}jlingtn dnl hjxtnlljg` bjfljd` ng :456 }`v l`x c~d`x dn l`x vneg`x dnHjxtellj u Jvjog, jdnix dn }`xnnv l`x hjvjhtnvxteh`x nlningt`x bnfvn`x u jvj)in`x, h~ngtj ng x~ vn}nvt`ve` h`g a`vijx dn `veong oveno` u, nx}nhejlingtn, dn`veong vjfn, h`g a`vijx }v`hndngtnx dnl jvjo`gx, dnl hjtjlg, dnl }`vt~o~x,dnl etjlejg` u dn ljx lngo~jx bjfljdjx ng lj }nggx~lj dn l`x Fjlhjgnx, jx hì`h`g a`vijx }v`hndngtnx dnl t~vh` u dnl avjghx' Jz~ g`x `h~}jvni`x dn jlo~g`x

dn x~x nlningt`x efnv`vvìgeh`x g` hjxtnlljg`x dn `veong jvjo`gx u }`vt~)o~x egtnovjd`x ng lj hèg xnajvd'Lj lngo~j vìjghn dnl Vneg` dn Hjxtellj dn gjlnx dnl xeol` RQ, ng x~ qjvejgtn

ix }`}~ljv,: h`gxtet~un lj fjxn legoxtehj dnl c~dn`nx}j`l dn l`x xnajvdnx z~ndnx}~x dn lj nr}~lxeg dn :456 ngh`gtvjv`g vna~oe` ng nl Ei}nve` @tìjg` u ngnl G`vtn dn avehj' Nlningt`x efnv`vvìgeh`x g` hjxtnlljg`x xn ngh~ngtvjg uj

}vnxngtnx ng l`x tnrt`x xnajvdnx dnl xeol` RQE nxhvet`x ng hjxtnlljg`,6 nx}nhejl)ingtn ng nl x~fxextnij lreh`, j~gz~n tjifeg ng l`x x~fxextnijx a`g`loeh`,i`va`loeh` u xegthteh` u, ng x~ iju`vj, h`gtegjg nxtjgd` }vnxngtnx ng lj lng)o~j bjfljdj bjxtj g~nxtv`x djx u j}jvnhng tjifeg ng x~ letnvjt~vj ng t`d`x l`xognv`x'

Dn t`djx ljx lngo~jx bjfljdjx ng lj }`hj dn lj nr}~lxeg ngh`gtvji`x b~nlljxng c~dn`nx}j`l,8 loehj h`gxnh~nghej dnl bnhb` dn z~n, bjxtj :456, l`x c~d`x

: Vqjb, Nq`l~te`g, }o' :??; Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj, }ox' :8?:82'6 Z~egtjgj, ]`vt~o~x, }ox' :?6:?> u Jvjo`gx, }ox' >:6>:8'8 Qjgxn F~gex, Edeìj, }ox' 48:486; Z~egtjgj, H`ghìetjghejx, }ox' :18:58, On`)

ovjaj, }ox' :88:82 u nx}nhejlingtn ie ji}le` nxt~de` Onòvjaj legoxtehj'


2/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#666

xnajvdnx ni}lnjfjg ljx deanvngtnx qjvendjdnx legoxtehjx bjfljdjx ng Xnajvjd, dnjh~nvd` h`g x~ l~ojv dn vnxednghej,4 hì` xn `fxnvqj j tvjqx dn l`x g~inv`x`x

d`h~ingt`x c~d`x indenqjlnx vndjhtjd`x ng nlljx'>

Jdnix, hì` uj inghe`)gji`x, t`djx ljx lngo~jx c~djx efnv`vvìgehjx }`xnng nl hjvjhtnvxteh` hì}`)gngtn bnfvn` u jvjin`, z~n }nvqeqe n eghl~x` a~n ji}lejd` dnx}~x dn :456'

G`x `h~}jvni`x jz~ dnl nlningt` jvjo`gx u }`vt~o~x ng c~dn`nx}j l'Hì` bni`x xnjljd` ix jvvefj, a~nv`g ljx lngo~jx z~n ix b~nlljx dncjv`g ngnl hjxtnlljg` xnajvd' Vnx}nht` j l`x jvjo`gnxexi`x, dnfni`x }vnhexjv z~n i~hb`xdn nxt`x nlningt`x bù xnajvdnx, xn }`djg ngh`gtvjv ng nl hjxtnlljg` dn lj s`gjjvjo`gnxj uj ng lj }`hj dn lj nr}~lxeg dn l`x c~d`x, dnfed` j ljx jf~gdjgtnxegtnvanvnghejx legoxtehjx dnl jvjo`gx ng nl hjxtnlljg` dn lj s`gj' Nxtn ajht`v g`

}`dv xnv tnged` ng h~ngtj }`vz~n g` h`gtji`x h`g nxt~de`x z~n l` jf vdng'1 ]`vl` tjgt`, nlningt`x jvjo`gnxnx x`g l`x h`gxednvjd`x dn `veong jvjo`gx, xeg

tngnv ng h~ngtj xe j gjlnx dnl xeol` RQ nvjg x`ljingtn }jvtn egtnovjl dnl vìjghnjvjo`gx ` xe, }`v nl h`gtvjve`, nvjg ni}lnjd`x tjifeg }`v l`x hjxtnlljg`bjfljg)tnx dn Jvjog u dn x~x s`gjx leitvànx'

:' Nl ijvh` bextveh`

:': L`x c~d`x }v`hndngtnx dn l`x vneg`x dn Jvjog u ]`vt~ojl

L`x c~d`x dnl Vneg` dn Jvjog a~nv`g nr}~lxjd`x, c~gt` h`g l`x dnl Vneg` dnHjxtellj, ng :456' J x~ llnojdj j l`x g~nq`x l~ojvnx dn vnxednghej, hvnjv`g x~x

}v`}ejx hì~gedjdnx u tvjx}jxjv`g j nlljx nl iexi` te}` dn nxtv~ht~vj x`hejl?

z~ntngjg ng Jvjog,2 l` h~jl lnx }nvietevj, j }nxjv dn g` xnv ~g ov~}` g~inv`x`,

4 Llnjl, }ox' :::>; Iegnvqege,Kèg, }ox' 4:46'> Xeg ev ix lnc`x, vnh`vdni`x z~n ljBjojd dn ]xj a~n qnvtedj j deanvngtnx lngo~jx efnv)

`vvìgehjx u nx}nhejlingtn ljx }vnxhve}he`gnx vet~jlnx egxnvtjdjx ng nl xdnv' Qjgxn jnxtn vnx}nht`, l`x ijg~xhvet`x Lj~d 6? u Hjg' @v' :=2 z~n xn ngh~ngtvjg ng lj Fefle`tnhjF`dlnejgj dn @ra`vd' Jif`x h`gtengng ljx }vnxhve}he`gnx vet~jlnx ng }`vt~o~x' Ljx }vn)xhve}he`gnx dnl xno~gd` ijg~xhvet` a~nv`g ndetjdjx }`v Xjlì`g' ]jvj nl hjxtnlljg`, vnh`v)dni`x nl ix' Ojdde ::: dn Al`vnghej dnl xeol` RQ u nl ix' bnf' >5: dnl xeol` REEE dn lj Fef'

Gjte`gjln dn ]jvx, nl ltei` }~flehjd` }`v Xevjt u Vqjb, u }`v Iegnvqege, Tnxte, q`l' EE,}o' :5 u vnqexjd` u vnegtnv}vntjd` }`v lj iexij j~t`vj "Iegnvqege, Vet~jlnx%' ]`v ltei`,

}jvj ljx }vnxhve}he`gnx vet~jlnx ng jvjo`gx xn }`dv h`gx~ltjv Z~egtjgj ! Vqjb, Xedd~v'1 T`d` l` z~n }~devji`x jjdev vnx}nht` jl hjxtnlljg` dn lj s`gj jvjo`gnxj ng nl xeol` RQE

xnvj }~vj nx}nh~ljheg, }~nxt` z~n g` bj xed` egqnxteojd` hì` dejlnht` tnvhejve`, ng nlxngted` z~n l` a~n, }`v ncni}l`, nl hjxtnlljg` dn Fjvhnl`gj ng t`vg` j :2== "qjxn Kjel~)wnet%'

? ^gj dnxhve}heg dn lj nxtv~ht~vj x`hejl dn ljx jlcjijx jvjo`gnxjx xn ngh~ngtvj ng Jxxex,}ox' 42:=2'

2 V~fe` ! Fljxh`, }o' 6?'


3/37

J]@VTJHEGLEGOXTEHJDN L@ XV@IJGHNX JVJO@GX U]@VTÔ^X #668

ijgtngnv x~ egdeqed~jledjd n egdn}ngdnghej d~vjgtn jlo~gjx ongnvjhe`gnx' L`xgìfvnxKjl dn Jvjog `Kjl Kjd`xb Jvjog hìngsjv`g j x~voev ng ljx he~)

djdnx dnl Ei}nve` @tìjg` j indedj z~n l`x jvjo`gnxnx efjg llnojgd` u nxtj)flnhengd` ~gj hì~gedjd c~dj3 Hjxt`vej5 u Xjlgehj:= ng Ovnhej, I`gjxtev:: ngIjhnd`gej, ]l`qdeq:6 ng F~lojvej, Ndevgn:8 u Nxtjif~l:4 ng T~vz~j, u Xjand:>ng Nvntx Exvjnl dnx}~x dn xnv h`gz~extjdj }`v l`x t~vh`x ng :>:1, h`gtjv`g h`ghì~gedjd jvjo`gnxj'

Lj iju`vj dn l`x c~d`x dn `veong }`vt~o~x llnojv`g jl Ei}nve` @tìjg`dnx}~x dn bjfnv }jxjd` }`v nr}nvenghejx fjxtjgtn deanvngtnx j ljx dn l`x nr)

}~lxjd`x dn Hjxtellj u dn Jvjog ng :456' Ovjg }jvtn dn nll`x nvjg vna~oejd`xnx}j`lnx dn lj nr}~lxeg dn :456 u a~nv`g fj~tesjd`x ng ijxj nl :5 dn ijvs` dn:45?' L`x z~n lòvjv`g b~ev xn egxtjljv`g ng Etjlej u ng nl Ei}nve` @tìjg` h`gnl vnxt` dn l`x nr}~lxjd`x dn :456' Ng lj }veijqnvj dn :>=1 t~q` l~ojv lj ijxjhvn

dn Lexf`j ng lj z~n ~g`x d`x iel hvextejg`x g~nq`x a~nv`g jxnxegjd`x' Nl iju`vr`d` dn c~d`x }`vt~o~nxnx bjhej nl Ei}nve` @tìjg` xn }v`d~c` dnx}~x dn:>85 u nx}nhejlingtn ngtvn :>>= u :>5=' Ng :>81 xn j}v`f dngeteqjingtn ljEgz~exeheg ng ]`vt~ojl, z~n ngtv ng qeo`v ng :>85' T d` nll` `hjxe`g lj b~edjdn ijvvjg`x bjhej lj he~djd dn Jifnvnx bjxtj z~n ng :>>= a~nv`g nr}~lxj)d`x tjifeg dn jll, z~ndgd`lnx Qngnhej, tni}`vjlingtn, u nl Ei}nve` @tìjg`hì` jltnvgjteqjx }`xeflnx' J }jvtev dn :>5=, dnx}~x dn lefnvjvxn l`x ]jxnx Fjc`xdn lj `h~}jheg nx}j`lj, ixtnvdji xn h`gqevte ng nl hngtv` ix ei}`vtjgtndnl c~djxi` nr)ijvvjg`' ^g hjx` vn}vnxngtjteq` dn nxtj `lj dn nieovjheg a~nnl dn D`j Ovjhej Igdnx, ~gj dn ljx o~vjx c~dn`)}`vt~o~nxjx ix egst~ungtnx

dn nxtn }nv`d`, z~n xn nxtjflnhe ng H`gxtjgteg`}lj ng :>>8 dnx}~x dn bjfnvjfjgd`gjd` ]`vt~ojl u bjfnv }jxjd` }`v Aljgdnx u }`v Qngnhej'Lj fleojdj ajielejvedjd dn l`x c~d`x }`vt~o~nxnx h`g nl hvextejgexi` hjxe`g

nl x~voeiengt` dn ~g g~nq` te}` c~d`, ~gj nx}nhen dn c~dn`)hvextejg` z~n xn xngtjdeanvngtn jl c~d` xnajvd `tìjg` u xn dngj hì` inifv` dj gj`,:1 nxdnhev, }nvtngnhengtn j ~g ov~}` c~d` z~n bjfj }jxjd` }`v lj nr}nvenghej bex)

}jg`)}`vt~o~nxj dnl hvextejgexi` c~djesjgtn' Dnxdn nl }~gt` dn qextj nh`gieh` udnfed` j x~x hevh~gxtjghejx x`he`)vnleoe`xjx, l`x c~dn`)}`vt~o~nxnx h`gxtet~jg ~g

5 I`lb`, Hjxt`vej, }o' 64'

:= Gjjv, }o' 4>':: L~vej, }o' 862':6 Xn tvjtj dn ~gj xnven dn g`tjx z~n xn ngh~ngtvjg ng nl jvhbeq` }nvx`gjl dnl dnxj}jvnhed`

bext`vejd`v u legoextj E')X' Vqjb z~n t`djqj g` bjg xed` }~flehjdjx':8 Vqjb, Nq`l~te`g, }o' :??':4 Efedni':> Efedni; V~fe` ! Fljxh`, }o' :2':1 Kj}ljg, }o' 6>:'


4/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#664

ngtn i~u degieh` z~n ng nl iìngt` dn x~ llnojdj jl Ei}nve` @tìjg` tngj ujnxtjflnhedjx ~gj xnven dn h`gnre`gnx hìnvhejlnx h`g tv`x inifv`x dj gj`,

vnxedngtnx ng Etjlej ` ng }jxnx dnl `hhedngtn n~v`}n`, hì` Avjghej d`gdn nvjgt`lnvjd`x, ng lj }v`}ej ]nggx~lj Efvehj, d`gdn qeqjg hì` j}jvngtnx hvextejg`x,u tjifeg h`g l`x c~d`x egxtjljd`x ng nl g`vtn dn avehj' Xegjoòjx }`vt~o~nxjxnrextenv`g ng hjxe t`djx ljx hì~gedjdnx xnajvdnx dnl Ei}nve` @tìjg` hvnj)djx bjxtj gjlnx dnl xeol` RQE3 Xjlgehj:? ng Ovnhej, I`gjxtev:2 ng Ijhnd`gej,Qjl`gj:5 ng Jlfjgej, Ndevgn6= u Nxtjif~l6: ng T~vz~j, u Xjand66 ng Nvntx Exvjnl ujlo~gjx hvnjdjx h`g }`xtnve`vedjd jl xeol` RQE, hì` lj dn Nxievgj'

:'6 Lj jov~}jheg ng kjlnx d~vjgtn nl xeol` RQE

Lj }vndelnhheg dn l`x xnajvdnx }`v jov~}jvxn xnog x~ l~ojv dn }v`hndnghej qngji`teqjdj }`v x~x deanvnghejx edeìtehjx u }`v lj deqnvxedjd dn x~x tvjdehe`gnx u

h`xt~ifvnx jghnxtvjlnx368 G` xl` ng henvt`x bfet`x, xeg` tjifeg ng l`x vet~jlnxletvoeh`x,64 ng ljx inl`djx dn x~x hgteh`x ng ljx xegjoòjx, ng x~x h`xt~ifvnxh~legjvejx u, }`v x~}~nxt`, ng lj lngo~j, xn djfjg dexhvn}jghejx ng iju`v ` ing`vovjd`'

Z~es }`v bjfnv xed` ~g ov~}` g` i~u g~inv`x`, nl hjvhtnv tvjdehe`gjl u nlhnl` }`v ijgtngnv x~ egdn}ngdnghej }jvnhn bjfnv xed` ~gj dn ljx hjvjhtnvxtehjxix vnlnqjgtnx dn l`x c~d`x jvjo`gnxnx u nll` xn }`gn dn ijgenxt` qjvejx qnhnxj l` ljvo` dn x~ bext`vej dnx}~x dn :456' Ng :>16 ng Xjand ljx hì~gedjdnx c~)dn`)etjlejgjx }~xenv`g ng }vhtehj ~g jh~nvd` j}v`fjd` jgtnx dn lj llnojdj dn l`xnr}~lxjd`x dn Xnajvjd, xnog nl h~jl t`d`x l`x c~d`x gjhed`x ng Etjlej ` bec`x dn

}jdvn gjhed` ng Etjlej, dnfnvjg egtnovjvxn ng hì~gedjdnx etjlejgjx' L`x c~d`xdnlKjl dn Jvjog vnhbjsjv`g nl jh~nvd`3

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5/37

J]@VTJHEGLEGOXTEHJDN L@ XV@IJGHNX JVJO@GX U]@VTÔ^X #66>

Nl h`gsteht` ngtvn etjlejg`x u jvjo`gnxnx a~n vnx~nlt` }`v nl aji`x` vjfeg` I`xbIetvjge, z~eng xeg d~fetjhe`gnx, dehtjieg ng ajq`v dn l`x ienifv`x dnl Kjl dn

Jvjog3

'''

'61

Nl c~ns }vnve vnx}ntjv lj h`xt~ifvn xnajvd, xnog lj h~jl l`x c~d`x xn jov~)}jvjg dn jh~nvd` j x~ `veong }jtnvg`' Nxtj h`xt~ifvn }nviete z~n l`x kjlnx dnJvjog lòvjvjg ijgtngnv x~ egdn}ngdnghej n edngtedjd d~vjgtn fjxtjgtn teni}`'

Gjt~vjlingtn z~n h`g nl tvieg` bnfvn` ljxbg, nl aji`x` xjfe` g` xl` z~nvj

vnanvevxn j lj lngo~j dn l`x jvjo`gnxnx, xeg` ix nx}nhejlingtn j x~x h`xt~ifvnxu j x~x tvjdehe`gnx'

H`gtji`x tjifeg h`g g`tehejx dn ~gj ei}`vtjgtn ~gehjheg dn xegjoòjx z~nxn }v`d~c` ng Xjlgehj ng :12=, ng lj z~n l`x jvjo`gnxnx g` xn ~genv`g j gego~gj`tvj hì~gedjd;6? }jvnhn xnv z~n }`v nxtjx anhbjx l`x jvjo`gnxnx jov~}jd`x ng nl

Kjl dn Jvjog h`ga`vijfjg lj hì~gedjd ix g~inv`xj ng nxtj he~djd'62

6' Xet~jheg legoxtehj ng ljx hì~gedjdnx xnajvdnx ng nl xeol` RQE

Ng z~ lngo~j xn deveojg ngt`ghnx l`x aji`x`x xjfe`x Xji~nl Efg X~jef "i':>62%, vjfeg` dnlKjl dn Jvjog, Inev Jvjij "Sjvjo`sj :41=Xjlgehj :>4>%,65Ijvfetx T v dn dehbj hì~gedjd, j x~x h`vvnleoe`gjve`x jvjo`gnxnx ng Xjlgehj0U ng z~ lngo~j xn hì~gehjvjg ng nxtj he~djd l`x egtnlnht~jlnx O~ndjlej Fng

61 Efedni'6? V~fe` ! Fljxh`, }o' 8>'62 Qjxn Vqjb, A`vijte`g, }ox' :45:>=, d`gdn jvij z~n xnog ~g d`h~ingt` ngh`gtvj)

d` ng l`x jvhbeq`x t~vh`x nx }`xefln hjlh~ljv lj ei}`vtjghej dn ljx deanvngtnx hì~gedjdnxdn Xjlgehj, el xjoet d~g d`h~ingt àhenl z~e, }`~v dnx i`teax xhj~r, hbeaavn lnaanhteadnx hbnax dn ajielln dnx hìi~gj~tx3 hn d`h~ingt nxt dn :>>=:>1=' Xnog ljx heavjx

z~n j}`vtj, nlKjl dn Jvjog h`gtjfj h`g 8:> hjfnsjx dn ajielej, xno~ed` }`v nlKjl dnl`x Hjljfvnxnx h`g 66=, Qenc`x Hjtjljgnx h`g 6:5,Kjl dn l`x Hjtjljgnx h`g 6:2,Lexf`jh`g 6:8' L`x xeo~ng :> kjlnx ix, t`d`x nll`x h`g ing`x dn 6== hjfnsjx dn ajielej hjdj~g`' Xnog nxtj lextj, x`fvn lj z~n Vqjb g` j}`vtj ix djt`x, nrextj jdnix ~g Kjl dn

Sjvjo`sj h`g 46 hjfnsjx dn ajielej u ~g Kjl dn Nq`vj h`g 51' L`x c~d`x hjxtnlljg`x xnbjlljfjg vn}jvted`x ngtvn deanvngtnx kjlnx ing`x g~inv`x`x, ngtvn l`x z~n o~vj ng }veinvl~ojv nl dn Hjxtellj h`g :62 hjfnsjx dn ajielej'

65 Qjxn Gjjv, }o' 4>; u V~fe` ! Fljxh`, }o' >>'


6/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#661

Tji Efg Ujbuj u Jjvg Jj, dnxhngdengtnx dn }vnxteoe`xjx ajielejx }`vt~o~nxjx,}nv` z~n nxhvefjg ng hjxtnlljg` u ng bnfvn`0 Jifjx vnx}~nxtjx }jvnhng g` à)

vnhnv d~djx3 ng jvjo`gx u ng }`vt~o~x vnx}nhteqjingtn*Nl z~n xl` ~gj ongnvjheg ix tjvdn nl xjfe` I`xb Jli`xgeg` "Xjlgehj:>:2Nxtjif~l :>2=% jg xn deveoenvj j l`x ienifv`x dnl Kjl dn Jvjog ngjvjo`gx, }jvnhn uj ing`x }v`fjfln' Nl vjfeg` I`xb Jli`xgeg` nvj dnxhng)dengtn dn ~gj ajielej c~dj jvjo`gnxj8= }`v }jvtn ijtnvgj u }`v }jvtn }jtnvgj dn~gj jvext`hvtehj ajielej c~dn`)hjtjljgj; }`v tjgt` nvj ienifv` dnl Kjl dn l`x

Kjtjljgnx' T`d` nll` g` ei}ede z~n Jli`xgeg` nxhvefenvj }jvtn dn x~x `fvjx nghjxtnlljg`, lj lngo~j letnvjvej dn lj hljxn h~ltj c~dj dn Xjlgehj j indejd`x dnlxeol` RQE, tjl hì` `h~vvj uj jgtnx dn lj nr}~lxeg dn l`x c~d`x dn Nx}jj'8:

Nl :5 dn ngnv` :>>1 "? dn tnfnt dn >8:1% nl vjfeg` I`xb Jli`xgeg` bjfljgtn lj jxjiflnj dnlKjl dn Jvjog dn Xjlgehj h`g i`teq` dnl ajllnheiengt` dn

lj qe~dj dnl vjfeg` Inev Jvjij; z~n x~ egtnvqngheg a~nvj ng jvjo`gx }jvnhnei}v`fjfln' Nl tnrt` dn x~ xnvig a~n }~flehjd` ng bnfvn`,86 }nv` }`dni`x djv

}`v xno~v` z~n Jli`xgeg` l` }v`g~ghe ng hjxtnlljg`, l` iexi` z~n nl xnvigz~n de` ng :>1= jl tìjv }`xnxeg dnl }~nxt` dn vjfeg` dnlKjl Lequjtng88 z~njhòj j l`x jg~xei z~n g` hnxjfjg dn llnojv dn ]`vt~ojl'

Nl xjfe` I`xb Jli`xgeg` a~n ~g` dn l`x ix dnxtjhjd`x vn}vnxngtjgtnx dnlj jvext`hvjhej xnajvd dnl xeol` RQE ng lj hì~gedjd dn Xjlgehj, h`g ~gj h`g)henghej legoxtehj hljvj u dntnviegjdj; j }nxjv dn bjfljv `tvjx lngo~jx, nxhvefjx`ljingtn ng bnfvn` u ng hjxtnlljg`' Dnl ~x` z~n Jli`xgeg` bjhn dnl hjxtnlljg`,l` iexi` z~n nl vnxt` dn l`x egtnlnht~jlnx xnajvdnx dnl xeol` RQE, xn dnd~hn z~n

nxtj lngo~j h~}jfj lj }`xeheg dn beob qjventu "B% h`g vnx}nht` j ljx dnix lng)o~jx vìjghnx, vnlnojdjx j lj }`xeheg dn l`w qjventenx "L% dngtv` dnl h`gtnrt` dndeol`xej84 z~n xn djfj ng ljx hì~gedjdnx xnajvdnx' Ljx egtnvanvnghejx z~n dn nx)tjx lngo~jx xn j}vnhejg ng l`x tnrt`x nxhvet`x ng vìjghn hjxtnlljg` }`v l`x c~d`xxnajvdnx dnl xeol` RQE x`g egdehe` dn x~ ~x`, jl ing`x ng nl ifet` ajielejv ung nl xng` dn x~x vnx}nhteqjx hì~gedjdnx' Eghl~x` ljx `fvjx dnl }v`}e` Ièxx

8= Xnog Vqjb,Jli`xgeg`, }o' 68, x~x d`x jf~nl`x ijtnvg`x, Jfvjbji Jli`xgeg` u Jfvj)bji H`gìfvenl, bjfjg xed` z~nijd`x }`v lj Egz~exeheg ng Jvjog, xnog jvij nl }v`)

}e` Jli`xgeg` ng x~ dexh~vx` ginv` `ghn dnl Xnanv Injin K`j, Qngnhej :>22' ]jvj ljanhbj dn lj i~nvtn dn Jli`xgeg`, xn }~ndn h`gx~ltjv I`lb`, Jli`xgeg`, }o' 46, d`gdn xn

jvij z~n xn }v`d~c` ng :>2='8: Vqjb, Nq`l~te`g, }o' :?>'86 Nxtn dexh~vx` j}jvnhn }~flehjd` ng Jli`xgeg`, }ox' 6:86:?q h`g nl ginv` qnegtexentn'

Nl lefv` vnhòn qnegte`hb` dexh~vx`x ng bnfvn` dnl aji`x` vjfeg` z~n a~nv`g }v`g~ghejd`xng deanvngtnx hì~gedjdnx c~djx dn Xjlgehj ng l`x }veinv`x j`x dn lj xno~gdj ietjd dnlxeol` RQE'

88 Vqjb,Jli`xgeg`, }o' 64; Vìn~, }o' >'84 Ngtegdjxn nxtn tvieg` xnog Anvo~x`g, }o' 861'


7/37

J]@VTJHEGLEGOXTEHJDN L@ XV@IJGHNX JVJO@GX U]@VTÔ^X #66?

Jli`xgeg`, nxhvetjx ng ~g ngqedejfln hjxtnlljg`, h~ngtjg gjt~vjlingtn h`g nln)ingt`x bnfvn`x u t~vh`x, }nv` tjifeg h`g l~xetjgexi`x u jvjo`gnxexi`x' Xeg ni)

fjvo`, nl hjxtnlljg` dnl xjfe` Jli`xgeg` }vnxngtj deanvnghejx g`tjflnx avngtn jl dn`tv`x tnrt`x xnajvdnx dnl xeol` RQE deveoed`x j lj hljxn indej xnajvd8> ng l`x z~nxn }~ndn ngh`gtvjv ~g iju`v ginv` dn vjxo`x g` hjxtnlljg`x81 u, gjt~vjlingtn,nx i~u deanvngtn dnl c~dn`nx}j`l dn d`x xeol`x ix tjvdn'

6': Qnxteoe`x dnl vìjghn jvjo`gx ng l`x tnrt`x dnl xeol` RQE

Lj j}`vtjheg legoxtehj dn l`x c~d`x jvjo`gnxnx j lj g~nqj hèg xnajvd t~q`l~ojv }veghe}jlingtn d~vjgtn nl xeol` RQE' Nl ~x` dn lj lngo~j jvjo`gnxj g` dnfedn x`fvn}jxjv nl egehe` dnl xeol` RQEE'8? Jdnix, bju z~n tngnv ng h~ngtj z~nh`g lj nrhn}heg dnl vìjghn dnl g`vtn dnl vneg` dn Jvjog, nl jvjo`gx dn lj}`hj dn lj nr}~lxeg xn ngh`gtvjfj uj fjxtjgtn hjxtnlljgesjd`,82 nx}nhejlingtn

nl letnvjve`'E')X' Vqjb,85 z~eng nxt~de ng }và~gdedjd lj lngo~j dnl Leqv` ngtet`ljd` vn)

ceiengt` dn lj qedj "Xjlgehj :>14%, xnjlj ng nllj l`x jvjo`gnxexi`x jijojdj":1=%, nxh`gdedj, u lj a`vij k`gxnlujfln "1:q%, jh`gxncjfln' Ng lj Hvgehj dnl`x Vnunx @tìjg`x ":>1?%, dnl iexi` j~t`v, o~vjg, hì` xnjlj Llnjl3

g~inv`x`x jvjo`gnxexi`x a`gteh`x u lreh`x3 Ng lj a`gtehj dnl tnrt` dn)xtjhjg''' lj qjheljheg ng lj de}t`gojheg "h`g a`vijx g` de}t`gojdjx3 qngtn,i`xtvj,xntnifvn, z~esnvng''', avngtn j lj de}t`gojheg dn a`vijx z~n ng hjx)tnlljg`, ng hjife`, g` de}t`gojg3 h~nvtn, jtengd`, z~envnv, i~nxtvjv`g, u

h`g avnh~ngtnx jltnvgjghejx3c`qnx c~nqnx, lj }`gtn lj }~ngtn%; lj j}jvehegdn ~gj ljfejl jgtebetehj ngtvn nl ov~}` ^J3 h`gteg~fji`x; u lj xextnitehjn}gtnxex dn `hl~xeqj qnljv jgtn nl de}t`go` egehejl _3 onxtn, onvtj,

onxnx, jlog hjx` dn h`gxnvqjheg dn ]L) KL) egehejlnx3 hljijv,}ln)ojx' Jxeiexi`, nx }v`fjfln z~n ljx avnh~ngtnx inttnxex dn lz~edjx "}nvog,}nvh~vjv, nxt`vingt`x% xn vnljhe`gng tjifeg h`g nxn `veong jvjo`gx dnlj~t`v' Ng nl }ljg` lreh` xnjlni`x nl ~x` dn tvieg`x hì` injtjd, f`te)hjx, jvvexhjv, fv`gs`, jajljojv,xjvjdj "j~gz~n tjifeg j}jvnhn hnvjdj%'4=

8> Nx}nhejlingtn nl Xnanv Xb~lg bj}jgei ` insj dnl jlij, Xjlgehj :>12'81 Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj, }ox' :88:8>'

8? ]jvj hì}vngdnv ~gj xnven dn bnhb`x bextveh`x z~n janhtjv`g j lj x`hendjd xnajvd ng ljxhì~gedjdnx dnl Ei}nve` @tìjg` j l` ljvo` dnl xeol` RQEE u `hjxe`gjv`g lj dngeteqjdnxj}jveheg dn nxtjx lngo~jx efnv`vvìgehjx ngtvn l`x xnajvdnx, qjxn lj egqnxteojhegdn Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj, }ox' :81:82 u nx}nhejlingtn Onòvjaj legoxtehj, }ox' 65?8=5'

82 Hjg` Jo~eljv, }o' 668'85 Vqjb,Jli`xgeg`, }o' 666'4= Llnjl, }o' :5'


8/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#662

L`x q`hjfl`x jvjo`gnxnxa~nxj "Xjli` :1, qnvx' :=%, xn}~lt~vj, geguntj dnl `c`"Xjli` :?, qnvx' 2%, gej, }~}elj, kjdelu` "Xjli` :?, qnvx' :6%, ln`ghet`, u ljx

a`vijx}lngexi` "< }lngxei`% "Xjli` :>, qnvx' 6%, b`gnxt`, gtnov`, }nvanht`,u nx}vet`4: "< nx}vet~% "Xjli` :2, qnvx' :1%, jlengt`, vnx}ev`, o~vjg ng lj tvj)d~hheg xnajvd dn l`x Xjli`x "Nxtjif~l, j}v`r' :>4= u Xjlgehj, j}v`r' :>22%;u ng lj tvjd~hheg dnl Xbev bjxbevei "Xjlgehj :1==% }`dni`x ngh`gtvjv jlo~gjxa`vijx jvjo`gnxjx hì` nxt`vingt`x "4%, nx}vet` "8, 8q% u lj a`vij hjtjljg`)jvj)o`gnxj jqjgtjcjdj "1q%' Tjifeg ng lj lngo~j dn lj tvjd~hheg ng c~dn`nx}j`ldnl tvjtjd` dn tehj dn Fjun Efg ]jz~d, Xnanv q`t bjlnqjq`t"Nxtjif~l :>15%bju henvtjx egst~nghejx jvjo`gnxjx3 nl uj inghe`gjd` nx}vet` ":q%, nvgev":%,xell`"::,:8q%, f`kjflnx ":4%,a`vt~gj "8=q%, f`vvjxhj, tni}nxtj "8=q%, tni}nxtjd,jgteo`x "8:%, jgujdj "8?q%, t~vj "4:q% }`v d~vj, jxb~nlj46 "44%, js~nlj, xn)k~tj ">4q%, ncnh~tj, nxkjvegu` ":>6q%, g`xtjloej, vn}~nxtj48 ":>6q%, jqjgtjcnx

":1?q%, qngtjcjx u nl gìfvn dn `veong vjfn jguj`vj44 ":2v% g`vej' U tjifegng nl Xnanv Xb~lg bj}jgei ` insj dnl jlij "Xjlgehj :>12%, z~n nx ~gj tvjd~h)heg jfvnqejdj dnl hì}ngde` lnojl c~d` Xnanv Xb~lg Jv~k"Qngnhej :>1>% dnU`xna Hjv` xn ngh~ngtvjg ienldjg "6q% ` ienldn ":6% dnl qnvf` inldjv, lnnv,

}nvk~vn "8%, iengtvnx "4%, jo~cntj ">q%, k~sev"1q%, h`xnv, dceg`lu`x "44q%, v`de)lljx, u ngdceg`lujvxn ":>q%, nxtv~unv`g u nxavno "64% ng l~ojv dn dnxtv~unv`guvnavno; jfjojvek` "64q%, t`qjcj "6?%, xnvqellntj, k`}ntj "62q%, kì}jgjcn"62q%, fnfvjcnx "8=%, nxtv~edjx "46q% }`v dnxtv~edjx, f`gntn ">4q%, fjxeg ">2%,`vegjl, }jljgojgj, nxk~}egj "1=q% xjleqj, kjgu~t` "?>%, t~f`, jlijdvjknx"?5%, }nv` tjifeg lj a`vij hjxtnlljgj k`lhbg ":88q%, hbekj "2?q% ng }`xeheg j

ovjgdn,}~x "5>q%, }~nx, k`dj ":65q%, h`lj, fnvcnl":>=q% b~nvtj h`g vf`lnxav~tjlnx' Eghl~x` ng nl }v`}e` Xnanv Xb~lg Jv~ko~vj jget`'4>

6'6 Qnxteoe`x dnl }`vt~o~x ng l`x tnrt`x dnl xeol` RQE

Nl nlningt` lreh` }`vt~o~x ng c~dn`nx}j`l nx jg ix jf~gdjgtn z~n nl jvj)o`gx dnfed` j z~n nl h`gtjht` h`g lj lngo~j dn l`x c~d`x z~n llnojfjg dn ]`vt~ojlxn nrtngde bjxtj nl xeol` RQEEE' Lj }`hj dn iju`v ei}jht` dnl }`vt~o~x ng ljhèg xnajvd dnfe dn djvxn ngtvn :>>= u :>5=, j~gz~n uj dnxdn :>=1 llnojfjg

4: Lj }vdedj dn l`x nxdvc~l`x "Jlqjv,Dejlnht`lòj, }o' 6?2%, anging` hjvjhtnvxteh` dn ljlngo~j jvjo`gnxj u z~n eghl~x` llnoj j egtnvanvev ng nl hjxtnlljg` dn nxtj s`gj, tengn hì`

h`gxnh~nghej lj hjdj dn lj q`hjl }vntgehj h~jgd` xtj tengn ljx iexijx hjvjhtnvxtehj z~nlj g~nqj q`hjl tgehj, hì` `h~vve ng}lngexi` u nx}evt`'

46 ]`ttenv, }o' :58'48 Lj a`vij vn}~nxtj xn }~ndn ngh`gtvjv tjifeg ng tnrt`x indenqjlnx g` jvjo`gnxnx jl

ljd` dn vnx}~nxtj, }nv` g~ghj h`g tjgtj avnh~nghej hì` ng l`x }v`hndngtnx dnl vneg` dnJvjog'

44 Dnl vjfn bex}jg` jg)gj~vj "Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, }o' 656, g`tj 46?%'4> ]j}`, Ljdeg`, }o' ?2'


9/37


c~d`x }`vt~o~nxnx jl Ei}nve` @tìjg ' J indejd x dnl xeol` RQE, x`ljingtnqnegtn j`x dnx}~x dn :>81, h~jgd` hìngsjv`g j llnojv j ljx hì~gedjdnx xn)

ajvdnx dnl Ei}nve` @tìjg` ov~}`x g~inv`x`x dn c~d`x }`vt~o~nxnx, xn }`djgj}vnhejv h`gxednvjflnx egtnvanvnghejx dn nxtj lngo~j ng l`x tnrt`x xnajvdnx' Vqjb41inghe`gj ~gj tvnegtngj dn a`vijx lrehjx }`vt~o~nxjx ng nl Leqv ngtet`ljd` vn)

ceiengt` dn lj qedj dn I`xb Jli`xgeg`, ngtvn ljx z~n xn ngh~ngtvjg3 jd`nxt`"44%, jajxtjd` "8>q%, jkjqedjvxn "65%, jg`cjv">>q%, jvvneojd` ":=6q%, ni}vnxtei`":=6%, k`gtngtn "6:, 8?q, :8?%, gjt~vnsj "8:, 81, 5?%, vnlnj ":=5q%,xnke`s` ":44q%,tvni~djxe`g "??%' Jdnix bju tvnx ncni}l`x dn eggeteq` }nvx`gjl34? k~ujx qev)t~dnx }`v j t`d`xxnvng g`t`vejx ":4%, }jvn xn kvejvng e ijgtngnvng l`x egdeqed~)`x "61% u }`v g xnvng tjg fjxtejlnx kì` l`x `tv`x d`x "18q%' Ng nl Xnanv q`tbjlnqjq`tngh`gtvji`x nxt~vingt`x "4%, jandnenv`g uandenv g "1q%, k`gedvjvuk`gedvjxe`g "::q%, ngtv`g}nxjvn ":4q%, ngtv`}nxjqjg "6?% u ngtv`}nxjv":>8q%,

jngt` ":5q%, jxengt`, ngt` "64q% h`g cnsj, f~vjk` "86q%, j}ntetn "88%, lni)fvjgj "84q% u lnifvje`g ">4q% vnh~nvd`, ini`vej, jijvo`v">6q%, xìng x">8q% eganve`v, ing`v, fek` "?6q%, tvnxd`fljd` "51q%, k`gtngtnx ":4:%, jx hì`deqnvxjx a`vijx qnvfjlnx g` de}t`gojdjx3 ji`xtvn "2%, dnx}nvtn "2%,}gjxn "::q%xn }engxj,xn }ngjg "61%, f`ljg "8:%, jk`xtj "?5q%,xn nxa`vj "28% u lj a`vij

}`vt~o~nxj dnl }vntvet` ei}nvanht` dnl qnvf` ev3 j "8=% jl ljd` dn lj hjxtnlljgj eqj"8=%' Ng nl Xnanv Xb~lg bj}jgei ` insj dnl jlij "Xjlgehj :>12% xn ngh~ngtvjg

}ljegj "6q% hn}ell`, ojvl`}j,}ljtekjx "8, 8q%,}nxkesj "8q%,}nxkesjv"55%,ajd uajdjv "4%, nxgòj "?q, :=q%, fn` ":6% ljfe`x, jleijvejx ":4%, ande`gdj ":4%,qedv` ":>, >?q%, ngtv`}njn ":2q% u ngtv`}njv":88%, jngdnv"64%, ngxbjo~jd`

"86% u ngxbjo~jv"1=q%, nvfncj42

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Ng nl xeol` RQE deanvngtnx j~t`vnx xnajvdnx ni}lnjg nl eggeteq` }nvx`gjl }`v)t~o~x3

uj xn j nx}evingtjd` ng i~hbjx g xnnvng }ljtekjx Xnanv Xb~lg bj}jgei"8%

i~hb`x ìfvnx kn }`vxnvng ngovjt`x Xnanv q`t bjlnqjq`t"6?%}`vxnvng g`t`x e ijgenxt`x jt`d`x Xnanv q`t bjlnqjq`t"41q%xnvng tjgt` k`gteg~jd`x Xnanv q`t bjlnqjq`t">6%

41 Vqjb,Jli`xgeg`, }ox' 66866>'4? Efedni, }o' 66>'

42 Ng }`vt~o~x }v`g~ghejd` xnv/qn3'


10/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#68=

e nxt` qleojxnvng t`djx ljx k~xtv~ifvnx f~ngjx j~avedjx jl knqvjgtjieng)t` Xnanv q`t bjlnqjq`t"::6%

exnvng t`d`x eo~jlnx Xnanv q`t bjlnqjq`t":4:%

Nxtj nxtv~ht~vj i`va`loehj j}jvnhn eghl~x` ng ljx tvjd~hhe`gnx ljdegjdjx dn ljFeflej345

bjxtj xnnvnx nxtv~'ed` "Dn~t' 62,64% ]ngtjtn~h` dn H`gxtjgte)g`}lj, :>4?ajxtjxnnvnx dnxtv~ud` "Dn~t' 62,64%Feflej dn Anvvjvj, :>>8bjxtjxnnvnx nxtv`'ed` "Dn~t' 62,>:%]ngtjtn~h` dn H`gxtjgteg`}lj, :>4?ajxtjxnvnx dnxtv~ud` "Dn~t' 62,>:%Feflej dn Anvvjvj, :>>8

G` bju lj ing`v d~dj dn z~n nl xextnij a`g`loeh` dnl }`vt~o~x h`gtvef~u}`xeteqjingtn ng nl ijgtngeiengt` dn lj `}`xeheg x`vdjx`g`vj dn ljx xefeljgtnxng c~dn`nx}j`l, jx~gt` x`fvn nl z~n ega`vijvni`x ng nl }~gt` 8'8':'6'

Bju i~hbjx a`vijx j ljx h~jlnx nx ei}`xefln jdc~dehjv ~g `veong dntnviegjd`}`v bjfnv nrexted` ng ix dn ~gj lngo~j efnv`vvìgehj' Ncni}l`x el~xtvjteq`x dnnll` x`g tjqnvgjkl` "4q, ?%,}nxbnx ":5q% ng nl Xnanv q`t bjlnqjq`t, tvnxljdn "8q%u ngxb~ojv"64q% ng nl Xnanv Xb~lg bj}jgei'

G` t`d`x l`x nlningt x jvjo`gnxnx u }`vt~o~nxnx inghe`gjd`x jvvefj x`fvn}j)xjv`g nl xeol` RQEE' Nl eggeteq` }nvx`gjl }`vt~o~x dnxj}jvnhe dn l`x tnrt`xxnajvdnx, j~gz~n ng nl xeol` RQE j}jvnhenvj hì` ~gj dn ljx g~nqjx a`vijx h`g

ix }`xefeledjdnx dn }nvijgnhnv ng nl xextnij i`va`xegthteh` dnl c~dn`nx}j`l;ng lj Feflej dn Jxj "Nxtjif~l, :?85% j}jvnhn uj lj nxtv~ht~vj hjxtnlljgj jtjdntv~'evtn>= ng xngd`x qnvxh~l`x inghe`gjd`x jvvefj'

8' Qnxteoe`x dnl jvjo`gx u dnl }`vt~o~x ng nl c~dn`nx}j`lh`gtni}`vgn`

H~jgd` j gjlnx dnl xeol` RQE u }veghe}e`x dnl RQEE xn }v`d~shjg l`x }veinv`xi`qeiengt`x ieovjt`ve`x ngtvn l`x xnajvdnx jxngtjd`x ng nl Ei}nve` @tìjg`,>:ljx g~nqjx hì~gedjdnx hvnjdjx uj g` llnqjvg l`x gìfvnx vnh`vdjt`ve`x dn x~

}jx` }`v Xnajvjd, nrhn}t` ljx z~n jov~}jfjg j l`x }`vt~o~nxnx }`v nl bnhb` dnz~n jg h`gteg~jfjg llnojgd`; }nv` lj h`gxnh~nghej ix ei}`vtjgtn }jvj lj bex)t`vej dnl c~dn`nx}j`l xnv lj t`tjl dnxj}jveheg dnl jvjo`gx u, }`v x~}~nxt`, dnl

45 T`d`x l`x ncni}l`x hetjd`x, xnog Xn}bebj, }jox' 242>'>= Qjxn Xn}bebj :5?5, }ox' 242>'>: Fjvgje, }ox' :4=:41'


11/37

J]@VTJHEGLEGOXTEHJDN L@ XV@IJGHNX JVJO@GX U]@VTÔ^X #68:

hjtjlg, ng ajq`v dnl c~dn`nx}j`l, jdnix dn nxtjv xnlljd` uj nl dnxteg` dnl }`v)t~o~x dn l`x jg~xei, z~n g` tngdvj lj }`xefeledjd dn x`fvnqeqev i~hb` teni}`,

djd` z~n l`x xnajvdnx tìjg`x xn edngtehjfjg hì` c~d`x j tvjqx dnl ~x` dnlc~dn`nx}j`l u g` dnl }`vt~o~x'

8': H`ghìetjghejx l~x`)jvjo`gnxjx ng c~dn`nx}j`l

Dn ngtvn l`x nlningt`x efnv`vvìgeh`x g` hjxtnlljg`x }vnxngtnx ng c~dn`nx}j`li`dnvg` bju i~hb`x j l`x z~n vnx~ltj deahel jxeogjv ~g }jvngtnxh` ongteh` dn)tnviegjd`; nanhteqjingtn, ng i~hb`x hjx`x xn tvjtj dn a`vijx lrehjx ` lnrnijxz~n xn ~xjv`g ng t`dj lj ]nggx~lj Efvehj u z~n, }vnhexjingtn, uj ng :456 bjfjgxed` x~xtet~ed`x }`v `tv`x ng hjxtnlljg`, iengtvjx z~n xn h`gteg~jfjg u h`gteg~)jv`g ni}lnjgd` ng jvjo`gx "k`dj, t~vjv% ` ng }`vt~o~x "kext`x z~nved`x%'Bù vnx~ltj ei}`xefln xjfnv j tvjqx dn z~ lngo~j ngtvjv`g j lj lngo~j dn l`x

xnajvdnx' L`x z~n o~vjg ng lj lextj j h`gteg~jheg x`g jlo~g`x dn nll`x3

C~dn`nx}j l Jvjo`gx ]`vt~o~xjijvo`v jijvo`v jijvo`v d`gj d`gj d`gjdnijgdjv dnijgdjv dnijgdjv det`)j>6 det`)j det`)jngxb~ojv ngr~ojv ngr~ojv nx)dnxk`vhbjv>8 nxh`vhbjv>4 dnxh`vhbjvnx}vet` nx}vet` nx}vet`

kjsjl hjxjl>>

hjxjlindk`>1 indh` indhìnx)iext~vjv inxt~vjv iext~vjv insjdj inxjdj inxjdj

>6 Lj a`vij det` nrextn tjifeg ng }`vt~o~x u ng etjlejg` "dntt`% h`g lj a~gheg dn }jvtehe}e`dn }jxjd` dnl qnvf` desnvu devn vnx}nhteqjingtn' Ng c~dn`nx}j`l xn ni}lnj, jdnix, h`glj a~gheg dn }v`gìfvn dni`xtvjteq` "Fnvngo~nv, }o' >?; O`gslns Fnvgjl, }o' 51%'Nxtj a~gheg nrhl~xeqj dnl c~dn`nx}j`l }jvnhn vnx}`gdnv j ~gj nq`l~heg z~n xn }v`d~c` j

}jvtev dnl ~x` dn det` ng nl vìjghn jvjo`gx, xnog xn dnx}vngdn dn l`x tnrt`x indenqjlnx"qjgxn l`x ndetjd`x }`v Ijodjlngj ! Llnjl% j ajltj dn ~gj egqnxteojheg ix }và~gdj'

>8 Nxtn lnrnij xn ni}lnj ng c~dn`nx}j`l h`g qjvejheg dnl }vnc` {dnx)y ` {nx)y' L`x lnrn)

ijx }vnhnded`x }`v nl }veinv` x`g dn veong hjxtnlljg` }`vt~o~x, iengtvjx z~n ng lj s`gjjvjo`gnxj xn }vnanvj nl ni}ln` dnl xno~gd`, hì` xn }`dv lnnv ix jdnljgtn ng nl }~gt`8'6'4': ]vncjheg'

>4 Llnjl, }o' ?2'>> Hjxjlnvj uj lj gehj a`vij ni}lnjdj tjgt` ng jvjo`gx hì` ng gjqjvv` ng l`x tnrt`x

indenqjlnx'>1 Nvj lj a`vij ni}lnjdj ng jlo~gjx hì~gedjdnx xnajvdnx, hì` xn }~ndn qnv ng Z~egtjgj,

Onòvjaj legoxtehj, ij}j >?, }o' 4:4'


12/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#686

Ng jlo~g`x hjx`x }`dvji`x bjhnv ~gj dextegheg xnog x~ xeogehjgtn3 g` xnvdnxhjfnlljd` jxeogjvlnx ~g `veong jvjo`gx j l`x xeogehjgtnx nxk`v/jv u

inxt~/vjv avngtn j dnxk`v/jv u iext~/vjv, l` z~n ng `tv`x hjx`x vnx~ltj ei}`)xefln }`v }vnxngtjv nl xeogehjgtn lj iexij a`vij ng jifjx lngo~jx'Nl }vnxteoe` gjhe`gjl z~n }`xnj nl hjxtnlljg`, nx}nhejlingtn nl letnvjve`, uj ng

lj }`hj dn lj nr}~lxeg, g` xl` xn h`gx`led d~vjgtn l`x xeol`x egindejtjingtn}`xtnve`vnx, xeg` z~n tvjx}jx ljx av`gtnvjx dn Nx}jj' Nxtn a~n `tv` ajht`v dnhe)xeq` }jvj z~n tjifeg l`x c~d`x }`vt~o~nxnx }`h` j }`h` a~nvjg vng~ghejgd` jx~ lngo~j j ajq`v dn lj z~n ngt`ghnx nvj h`gxednvj lj ix }vnxteoe`xj dn lj tenvvj'

G` xl` i~hb`x dn x~x egtnlnht~jlnx bjfjg nxt~dejd` ng ~geqnvxedjdnx nx}j`)ljx, xeg` z~n ng hjxtnlljg` xn dnxjvv`ll ovjg }jvtn dn x~ jhteqedjd letnvjvej ngixtnvdji, xeo~engd` lj i`dj legoxtehj dn ]`vt~ojl'>? ]`v l` tjgt`, g` bjfjtji}`h` i`teq` jlo~g` }jvj z~n ng nl Ei}nve` @tìjg` xn dnxjvv`lljvjg ov~}`x

dn `}`xeheg jl ~x` dn lj lngo~j dn l`x qenc`x c~d`x xnajvdnx'

8'6 Qnxteoe`x dnl vìjghn jvjo`gx ng c~dn`nx}j`l h`gtni}`vgn`

L`x nlningt`x legoxteh`x dn `veong jvjo`gx h~}jg ~g l~ojv vnljteqjingtn dnx)tjhjd` ng lj lngo~j dn l`x xnajvdnx dnl Ei}nve` @tìjg` ng hì}jvjheg h`g ljb~nllj z~n dncjv`g tvjx lngo~jx nx}j`ljx'

8'6': A`gtehj u a`g`lòj8'6':': Jfnvt~vj dn lj q`hjl }jljtjl indej [nY t`gj ng xljfj tvjfjdj }`v [vY ` ng

xljfj jfenvtj xno~edj dn xljfj z~n hìengsj h`g [vY>2

A`vijxlrehjx hì` tjvvjxj, tejvvj, xjvgev` xjvvjvxn ngh~ngtvjg tjgt` ng c~)dn`nx}j`l hì` ng jvjo`gx' Lj jfnvt~vj dn lj q`hjl }jljtjl indej [nY t`gj ngxljfj tvjfjdj }`v [vY ng xljfj jfenvtj xno~edj dn xljfj z~n hìengsj h`g [vY xn

}v`d~c` dn ijgnvj xextnitehj ng ljx qjvendjdnx xnajvdnx dn Xjvjcnq` "F`xgej%,D~fv`qgek "Hv`jhej% u Hjxt`vej "Ovnhej%'>5 J}jvnhn nx}nhejlingtn ng }jljfvjxdn `veong hjxtnlljg`, hì`}jvv` ? Nl hjxtnlljg` hìngs j jdz~evev ei}`vtjghej ngtvn l`x }`vt~o~nxnx h~lt`x j gjlnx dnlxeol` RQ u ngtvn indejd`x dnl xeol` RQ u gjlnx dnl xeol` RQEE nl nx}j`l xevqe hì`xno~gdj lngo~j }jvj t`d`x l`x }`vt~o~nxnx h~lt`x''' "Tnuxxenv, }o' 8?%

>2 Qjxn Z~egtjgj, H`ghìetjghejx, }ox' :12:15'>5 Z~egtjgj, Qjvejte`g, }ox' >=>:; Z~egtjgj, Qjvejheg, }ox' 26'1= Jlqjv,Jvjo`gx, }ox' :45:>='


13/37


8'6':'6 H`ga~xeg j) n) jgtn )g)1:

Nxtj h`ga~xeg hjvjhtnvxtehj ng nl jvjo`gx dnl xeol` RQ16 xn tvjgxiete j ljx

hì~gedjdnx xnajvdnx dnl Ei}nve` @tìjg` u }v`q`h dnx`vdng, nx}nhejlingtnng }`xeheg egehejl dn }jljfvj, }jxjgd` j h`ga~gdevxn, h`g nl }jx` dnl teni}`,ng q`hnx hì` jifnsjv/nifnsjv, jst`xbjv/ngst`xbjv, jvnsejv/ngvnsejv, jgt`c`x/ngt`c`x, h~u` vnx~ltjdà~n lj j}jveheg dn qjvejgtnx dejt}ehjx ng ~g`x hjx`x, udejxtvtehjx ng `tv`x'

8'6':'8 Egtv`d~hheg dn ~g nlningt` n}ngtteh` ngtvn d`x q`hjlnx18

Ng jlo~gjx qjvendjdnx dnl c~dn`nx}j`l14 tengn l~ojv lj egtv`d~hheg dn ~g nln)ingt` n}ngtteh` )u) }jvj dnxbjhnv nl bejt`3 juegdj, teuj, ieu`, qnu`, veuev, }jxeujv,jlei}eujv, hbj}nu`, vnujlnx, ~ued~, anu~, xnuj, tvjue' Nxtn anging` dn `veongjvjo`gx hjvjhtnves tjifeg lj lngo~j dn l`x i`vexh`x dn Jvjog'1> Ng lj jht~jle)

djd, l` ix avnh~ngtn ng c~dn`nx}j`l nx lj nlexeg dn t`dj )u) ng h`gtjht` h`g `h`g 3 nj < nuj, nxtvnj < nxtvnuj,ojegj :4'14 Xn dj ng lj dn I`gjxtev "L~vej, }o' 46>% u Xjvjcnq` "Fjv~hb, }o' :6?%'1> Ojlix dn A~ngtnx, }o' :85'11 Qjxn Z~egtjgj, H`ghìetjghejx, }o' :?= u Jvjo`gx, }o' >:4'1? Jlqjv,Jvjo`gx, }o' >8'12 Ojlix dn A~ngtnx, }o' ::8'


14/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#684

dn qnvf`x tvjgxeteq`x z~n ni}ensjg }`v h`gx`gjgtn, anging` avnh~ngtn ng nl v`)ijghn hjxtnlljg`3 joìetjv, jbjvqjv, jlqjgtjv, jlei}ejv, ji`xtvjv' Xeg nifjvo`,

nxtj tngdnghej vnx}`gdn j vjs`gnx i`va`xegthtehjx, iengtvjx z~n lj z~n inghe`)gji`x jgtnx tengn ~gj i`teqjheg nrhl~xeqjingtn a`gtehj, }~nxt` z~n lj }vtjxexdn j) jgtn v) xn dj tjifeg ng qnvf`x g` tvjgxeteq`x3 jvvjqejvvjfejv, xngtev vjfej,ngtvjv ng hlnvj, jvvn}`sjvvn}`xjv, dnxhjgxjv, jvvnx}`gdnvvnx}`gdnv, jvvnx)qjljvvnxfjljv, jvvnt`vgjvxn vnh`fvjv nl xngted`, jvvnfeqevxn vnqeqev, vnx~hetjv'

8'6'6 I`va`lòj8'6'6': Nl }v`gìfvn

L`x }v gìfvnx }nvx`gjlnx dn djteq` ng xego~ljv tvjx lj }vn}`xeheg h`g15

C~dn`nx}j`l Jvjo`gx Hjxtnlljg`

k`g ie Ljt' h~i ie 7 h`g i Ljt' h~i inh~i7 h`gieo`k`g te Ljt' h~i te 7 h`g te Ljt' h~i tnh~i7 h`gteo`k`g xe Ljt' h~i xe 7 h`g x Ljt' h~i xnh~i 7 h`gxeo`

Ng nl vìjghn jvjo`gx dn l`xA~nv x indenqjlnx xn ni}lnjg uj h`g iu h`g x?=hì` xegtjoijx dn hì}jj' Nl iexi` anging` xn j}vnhej tjifeg ng l`x tnr)t`x jlcjiejd`x dn i`vexh`x, j te dju~gjd` e k`g te k"n%vn`, j~g h~jgd` ngnll`x nvj ix avnh~ngtn nl ~x` dnl }v`gìfvn }nvx`gjl dn x~cnt` tvjx }vn}`xehegng lj a~gheg dn `fcnt` devnht`'?:

Ng nl hjxtnlljg` dn l`x xnajvdnx dnl xeol` RQE, kì` te "45%,?6iju`v kn tn,

iju`v kn te, ing`x dn te ">8q%, k`g te "24q% xn ngh~ngtvjg ng Xnanv q`t bjln)qjq`td`gdn tjifeg j}jvnhn k`gieo` "?4q% }jvj lj }veinvj }nvx`gj' Ng XnanvXb~lg bj}jgei xn vn}etn nl ~x` dn nxtn }jvjdeoij h`g }vn}`xeheg3 k`g ie ">1q,:=5q%, k`g te ":=5q%'

L`x g~invjlnx?8

Ng c~dn`nx}j`l a~nv`g dnxnhbjd`x `tv`x }jvjdeoijx nrextngtnx ng lj }`hj dnlj nr}~lxeg dn l`x c~d`x dn lj ]nggx~lj u, hì` ng jvjo`gx u ng gjqjvv`, xnei}~x` gjlingtn lj xnven dn l`x `vdegjlnx a`vijd`x h`g nl x~c` )ng`3 k~jtvng`,

xegkng`, xncng`, xntng`, kegsng` ng c~dn`nx}j l;?4 u z~jvtng`, hegz~ng`, xnuxng`` xexng`, xntng` u z~egsng` ng jvjo`gx'

15 Qjxn Z~egtjgj, H`ghìetjghejx, }ox' :?>:?1 u Jvjo`gx, }o' >:4'?= Jlqjv,Jvjo`gx, }o' 62?; Jlqjv ! ]`ttenv, }ox' :64:6>'?: K`gtse, }ox' >51='?6 ]jvj nl ni}ln` dn nxtn }jvjdeoij ng jvjo`gx ng l`x xeol`x REQ u RQ, qjxn ]`ttenv, }o'

:58'?8 Qjxn Z~egtjgj, H`ghìetjghejx, }o' :?2 u Jvjo`gx, }ox' >:4>:>'?4 F~gex,C~dnsi`, }ox' :14:1>'


15/37


Eo~jlingtn l`x hjvdegjlnx dnl c~dn`nx}j`l h`gxnvqjg x~ a`vij `veoegjl dnlvìjghn jvjo`gx avngtn j ljx a`vijx de}t`gojdjx hjxtnlljgjx3 desexnxb, desexentn,

dese`hb`, qngtn, qngtexegk`, tvngtj ng c~dn`nx}j`l; dehexex, desexent, dehe`hb`,qegt, qngtnhegh`, tvngtj ng jvjo`gx'?>

8'6'6'6 Nl qnvf`

]vnxngtn dn qnvf`x ng )DU)?1

Ng jvjo`gx l`x qnvf`x z~n ng ljtg tjvd` tngjg )DU) dnxjvv`lljv`g ~gj ong lj}veinvj }nvx`gj dnl xego~ljv dnl }vnxngtn dn egdehjteq` u dn x~fc~gteq` j eietj)heg dn l`x qnvf`x ng qnljv, jx ng l~ojv dn ljx a`vijx hjxtnlljgjx hvn`, qn` u hvnju qnj, ngh`gtvji`x kvnuo`, qnuo` u kvnuoj, qnuoj' Ljx iexijx a`vijx ljx }`xnnnl c~dn`nx}j`l ng jlo~gjx hì~gedjdnx' J~gz~n }~ndj tvjtjvxn dn ~g dnxjvv`ll`

z~n xn dj dn ijgnvj }jvjlnlj ng jifjx lngo~jx, z~nvni`x dncjv jz~ h`gxtjghejdn l'

Nl }vntvet` ei}nvanht` dn egdehjteq` dn l`x qnvf`x dn ljx h`gc~ojhe`gnx )nv n )ev??

Ng jvjo`gx hì` ng ojxhg u ng hjtjlg dn lj he~djd dn Jlo~nv` "Hnvdnj% xnh`gxnvqj nl i`vanij qnvfjl dnl ei}nvanht` dn egdehjteq` dnl ljtg hlxeh` )FJ),?2E3 jifji, EE3 dffji, EEE)J3 vnofji, EEE)F3 hj}efji, EQ3 j~defji,?5 z~nng nl ljtg q~lojv h`g lj }vdedj dn )F) de` `veong j lj tnviegjheg ng )j ng l`xqnvf`x dn ljx hljxnx )nvn )ev' Ng jlo~gjx hì~gedjdnx dn bjflj c~dn`nx}j`ljxn ni}lnjg a`vijx h`g )FJ), xeg d~dj j}ùjdjx tjifeg }`v lj }veinvj h`gc~)ojheg3 kveueqj, veueqj, tvjueqj ng c~dn`nx}j`l z~n xn h`vvnx}`gdng h`g hvnunfj,

vnefj u tvjefj, tvjunfj ` tvefj ng jvjo`gx'A`vijx qnvfjlnx h`g )FJ) ng nl ei}nvanht` dn l`x qnvf`x ng ) evxn bjlljg }vn)

xngtnx ng l`x tnrt`x dnl xeol` RQE, }`v ncni}l`, ng Hvgehj dn l`x Vnunx @tìj)g`x dn V' I`xb Jli`xgeg 2= u ng nl Xnanv q`t bjlnqjq`tvnoextvji`x3 decexteqj"84% bjhj lj deonxteg u nx}~lefj "84%'

Nl }vntvet` egdnged` dn egdehjteq` dn l`x qnvf`x dn lj h`gc~ojheg )jv2:

Nxtn teni}` }vnxngtj lj }jvteh~ljvedjd dn tngnv ~gj )e")% ng lj }veinvj }nvx`gj dnl

?> Qjxn I`tex D`ljdnv,Nr}~lxe`g, z~n ndet g~inv`x`x d`h~ingt`x ng l`x z~n xn ngh~ng)tvjg jlo~gjx dn nxtjx a`vijx'

?1 Qjxn Z~egtjgj, H`ghìetjghejx, }o' :?5 u Jvjo`gx, }o' >:>'?? Qjxn Z~egtjgj, H`ghìetjghejx, }o' :2= u Jvjo`gx, }ox' >:>>:1'?2 Jlqjv,Jvjo`gx, }ox' 68=688;Dejlnht`lòj, }ox' 62>621'?5 Llùd, }o' :14'2= Vìn~, }o' 4:'2: Qjxn Z~egtjgj, H`ghìetjghejx, }ox' :2=:2: u Jvjo`gx, }o' >:1'


16/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#681

xego~ljv u dnl }l~vjl, h~u` `veong }jvnhn nxtjv ng nl }jvjdeoij dnl jvjo`gx ),)ni`x3 }jo~, t`vgni`x,26}jo~ni`x'28 ]`v jgjlòj h`g nl egc` )e) dn `veong

hjxtnlljg` z~n ncnvhn lj a~gheg dn i`vanij dn teni}` u i`d` ng lj xno~gdju tnvhnvj h`gc~ojheg, lj )n) `veoegjl xn hnvv, xei}lehgd`xn jx nl }jvjdeoijdnl }vntvet` egdnged` dn egdehjteq` ng ljx }veinvjx }nvx`gjx dnl c~dn`nx}j`l3jql, jqlei`x, ji, jiei`x' Lj jd`}heg dn nxtj a`vij ng lj }veinvj h`gc~ojhegh`gtvef~un j j~ingtjv nl nz~elefve` ngtvn ljx vnljhe`gnx tni}`vjlnx dnl i`d` eg)dehjteq` ng lj lngo~j xnajvd, jl nxtjflnhnvxn nxtj `}`xeheg ng lj }veinvj }nvx`gjdnl }l~vjl3 teni}` dn }vnxngtn jqlji`x avngtn jl teni}` dn }jxjd` vni`t` jqlei`x,`}`xeheg z~n uj xn djfj ng l`x qnvf`x dn lj xno~gdj u tnvhnvj h`gc~ojheg'

Ng nl xeol` RQE ngh`gtvji`x a`vijx h`g )n) ng nl Xnanv q`t bjlnqjq`t3 nx)kj}ni`x, "41q%, dnkljvni`x "5:q%, bjflni`x ":6>, :46q%, t`djx nlljx a`vijx dn

}vntvet` egdnged '

Nl }jvtehe}e` dn }jxjd`24

Ng c~dn`nx}j`l xn h`gtegjg ~xjgd` a`vijx dnl }jvtehe}e` dn }jxjd` hì}~nxtjxx`fvn nl tnij dn }nvanht` dn egdehjteq`, a`vijheg z~n nvj hjvjhtnvxtehj dnl v`)ijghn jvjo`gx'2> Nxtjx a`vijx j}jvnhng ng l`x tnrt`x dnl xeol` RQE3 ~fed` "82%bjfed`, t~qed` ":=4% tnged` ng Xnanv Xb~lg bj}jgei'21

Nl onv~gde`2?

Ng jvjo`gx nx avnh~ngtn a`vijv nl onv~gde` x`fvn nl tnij dn }nvanht` dn eg)dehjteq`3 ~qengd`, x~}engd`, derngd`, t`qengd`, decengd`'22 Vnxt`x dn nxtn te}`dn a`vijheg l`x ngh`gtvji`x ng c~dn`nx}j`l3 ~qengd`, t~qengd`, x~}engd`,

kecngd`'25

Hjife` dn h`gc~ojheg5=

L`x qnvf`x jvjo`gnxnx5:xevgev xnvgev, jtveqev,56h~xev,58 tnrev54nrextng tjifeg ng

26 Jlqjv,Jvjo`gx, }ox' 68868?'28 Jlqjv,Dejlnht`lòj, }o' 621'24 Qjxn Z~egtjgj, Jvjo`gx, }o' >:1'2> Jlqjv,Jvjo`gx, }o' 66?'21 Nxtjx a`vijx dn }jvtehe}e` xn h`gxnvqjv`g bjxtj g~nxtv`x djx; F~gex,C~dnsi , }ox' 6:66:8,

eghl~un t~qed`,x~}ed` u keced`' Tjifeg ~qed` nrextn dn ijgnvj ongnvjl ng c~dn`nx}j`l'2? Qjxn Z~egtjgj, Jvjo`gx, }o' >:1'

22 Jlqjv,Jvjo`gx, }ox' 66>661; Jlqjv ! ]`ttenv, }o' 8>4'25 F~gex,C~dnsi`, }o' :86'5= Z~egtjgj, Jvjo`gx, }o' >:1'5: Jlqjv ! ]`ttenv, }o' :26'56 Efedni'58 Fjdej, }o' 14'54 Tnxbevng lj qjvendjd dn Xjvjcnq` "ega`vijgtn%, u ng F~hjvnxt "Xjlj, }o' ?6% hì` qjvejgtn

dn texbnv'


17/37


c~dn`nx}j`l h`gxnvqjgd` x~ }nvtngnghej j lj tnvhnvj h`gc~ojheg' Ng hjxtnlljgà`vijg }jvtn dn lj xno~gdj h`gc~ojheg ng )nv' Ng nl xeol` RQE ng Xnanv Xb~lg

bj}jgei ngh`gtvji`x k~sev"1q%, u lj qjvejgtn k`sev"?6q% j}jvnhn ng Xnanv

`q`tbjlnqjq`t'

8'6'6'8 Jdqnvfe`x

Ng nl bjflj }`}~ljv xnajvd xn ~xj nl jdqnvfe` feng jgtn}~nxt` j ~g jdcnteq` h`gnl xeogehjd` dn i~u' Ng c~dn`nx}j`l hì` ng jvjo`gx, feng xn }~ndn ~xjvh`g h~jlz~env jdcnteq`'5>

Ng jlo~gjx hì~gedjdnx l~o`51ng `tvjx e"g% l~o~g` x`ljingtn h`gxnvqj x~a`vij jvjo`gnxj, xeg` z~n ijgtengn tjifeg x~ xeogehjd` egindejtjingtn'

8'6'6'4 H`gc~ghe`gnx

]~x5? xn h`gtegj ni}lnjgd` ng nl bjflj dn jlo~gjx hì~gedjdnx xnajvdnx dnlg`vtn dn l`x Fjlhjgnx'52

8'6'8 Xegtjrex55

Nl ~x` dnl i`d` egdehjteq` ng l~ojv dnl x~fc~gteq` nx avnh~ngtn ng nl c~dn`nx}j)`l dn F`xgej, Xnvfej, I`gjxtev "Ijhnd`gej%' ^g` dn l`x hjx`x ix avnh~ngtnx utjifeg hì~gnx h`g nl jvjo`gx nx nl dn ljx `vjhe`gnx x~f`vdegjdjx h`gdehe`)gjlnx ng ljx z~n ng l~ojv dn a~t~v` dn x~fc~gteq` "hjxtnlljg`% j}jvnhn nl a~t~v` dnegdehjteq`3:==

Xe ljx i~cnvnx devg nxt` }`v xbjbjvet, iegbj, jvqet xeo~v` kn xnv vnxeqed`dnljgtvn dnl xbni uetfjvjb "]j}`,Djixnz, }o' 4=%

Hì` tjifeg j}jvnhn ng tnrt`x bnfvjeh`jvjo`gnxnx dnl xeol` RQ3

'''Jz~nxt`, dnc~x }ngj dn d`sengt`x st`vegnx dn `v`, lj ietjd }`vj nl xngu`vVnu [l`jd` xnjY u lj `tvj ietjd }`vj lj jlcjij n anc~x }ngj dn [jgjtnij unrhì~ge`gY xexnvj c~de`' Nt xe xnvj hvextejg` g`g vnx ing`x dnc~x lj detj

}ngj''' "Ijodjlngj ! Llnjl, }o' ?1%

5> Z~egtjgj, H`ghìetjghejx, }o' :2: u Jvjo`gx, }o' >:?'

51 ]j}`,Djixnz, }ox' 4?, >='5? Jlqjv,Jvjo`gx, }o' 6>:'52 Z~egtjgj, Jvjo`gx, }o' >:?'55 Qjxn Z~egtjgj, H`ghìetjghejx, }ox' :2::26 u Jvjo`gx, }o' >:?':== Kngext`g, }o' 4:=, dehn Tbn ~xn à tbn a~t~vn egdehjteqn egxtnjd à tbn a~t~vn x~fc~gh)

teqn eg x~f`vdegjtn hlj~xnx vnanvvego t` jg egdngetn a~t~vn tein xnnix t` fn leietnd egxertnngtb)hngt~vu }v`xn j~tb`vx avì tbn njxt jgd x`~tb a X}jeg' Tbn h`gxtv~hte`g ex hì)i`g eg Jvjo`gnxn tnrtx à tbn Ieddln Jonx'


18/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#682

Dn eo~jl ijgnvj ng `vjhe`gnx be}`tteh`)hì}jvjteqjx, dnx}~x dn hì` xej}jvnhn nl qnvf` ng egdehjteq` ng l~ojv dn x~fc~gteq`3

e nxt` nx lj }vnqj xe tngni`x ji`v k`g nl kvejd`v g`, kn xe nx qnvdjdnvj ljji`v kn tngni`x k`g nl xbni uetfjvjb kjln kn i`x jlnovni`x k~jgd` jk`)

cni`x lj `vj dn inldjv e dn jsnv iexq`t kì` xe ojgjqji`xi~ghb` ov`xb,e jtvextjv e ji`gjv k~jgd` ijgkji`x dn inldjv e jvijv iexq`t kì` xe

}ndveji`x i~ghb`x ov`xbnx' "]j}`,]nln, }o' :1%

8'6'4 Lnreh`lòj8'6'4': ]vnaecjheg:=:

Nl }vnc` jvjo`gx nx) < dnx) ` dex), h`ga~gded` j qnhnx h`g nx) < nr) "anging`

tjifeg h`g`hed` ng l`x dejlnht`x dn Jxt~vejx%,:=6 xn ni}lnj hì` qjvejgtn dndnx) "des)% ng c~dn`nx}j`l, jgtn ~gj fjxn qnvfjl ` ng a`vijhe`gnx gìegjlnxdnveqjdjx dn lj iexij, h`g nl xngted` a~gdjingtjl dn egqnvxeg dnl xeogehjd` dnlj }jljfvj }veieteqj "nxf`t`gjv, nxfv`hbjv%, h`g nl xngted` dn hjvnghej gnojheg"nxk~de`, nxkjvegu`, nx}jxngxejd %, h`g nl xngted` dn }veqjheg "nx}`qljv, nxk`v)hbjv% ` ng jlo~g`x hjx`x tjifeg hì` egtngxehjd`v dnl xeogehjd` `veoegjl"nx}~gtjv, dexav~tjv%' Ng hjxtnlljg` xn ~xj nl }vnc` dn) < Ljt' DN) ` dnx), dex) 6q% ng nl Xnanv q`t bjlnqjq`t'

8'6'4'6 Lreh`:=4

Xn tvjtj ng t`d`x nxt`x hjx`x dn lnrnijx ` a`vijx lrehjx z~n ngtvjv`g ng nl c~)

:=: Qjxn Z~egtjgj, H`ghìetjghejx, }ox' :26:28 u Jvjo`gx, }ox' >:?>:2':=6 Jlqjv,Jvjo`gx, }ox' 6>86>4'

:=8 Jlqjv ! ]`ttenv, }ox' 8>=8>:':=4 Jlo~g`x dn nxt`x lnrnijx ` a vijx lrehjx xn ni}lnjg x`ljingtn ng jlo~gjx qjvendjdnx

dnl c~dn`nx}j`l, ng h~u` hjx` l` egdehjvni`x ng ~gj g`tj jl }en dn lj }oegj' Ng ljh`l~igj dn lj dnvnhbj ngtvnhìelljdj o~vj lj nr}lehjheg hjxtnlljgj dn hjdj ~gj dn ljx

}jljfvjx dnl lreh` c~dn`nx}j`l, h~jgd` nl lnrnij g` nx h`g`hed` ng hjxtnlljg`' Ng hjx`dn z~n lj deanvnghej a`vijl ngtvn nl c~dn`nx}j`l u nl hjxtnlljg` xnj igeij u, }`v l` tjgt`,ahelingtn hì}vngxefln, g`x leietjvni`x j djv lj a`vij ng hjxtnlljg`' H~jgd` xn dj ~gjdeanvnghej xnigtehj ngtvn nl tvieg` c~dn`nx}j`l u nl jvjo`gx, l` dnxtjhjvni`x ng ~gj


19/37


dn`nx}j`l dn ijgnvj jexljdj u z~n, }`v tjgt`, g` vnx}`gdng j gego~gj nq`l~hegxextnitehj dngtv` dnl xextnij a`g`loeh`'

C~dn`nx}j l Jvjo`gx Hjxtnlljg`jf`kjd` )j jf`hj~:=> )j eghlegjd` bjhej dnljgtnjf`kjvxn jf`hjvxn eghlegjvxnjdvnxjv jdvnxjv deveoev, ngqejvjlijdvjkn jlijdvjhb:=1 h`lhbgjget` jget`:=? jgxjgujdj jjdj:=2 }nv`d` dn ~g j`"j%x~kvn:=5 "j%x~hvn::= jshjvjt`vojv jt`vojv `t`vojv jqngev jqngev a~t~v`

f`hbj::: f`hbj ojvvjajhbekj)` hbehj)` }nz~nj )`hb~stjv hb~stjv xelfjvhb~stnt"n% hb~stnt }et`, xelfjt`dng)dego~g )j dngog )j gego~g`dn}~nx dn}~nx dnx}~xdnqjgtjl dnqjgtjl::6 dnljgtjlngnieo` ngnieo` }jdvjxtv` "ng nl dnd`%nxk`vhbjv nxh`vhbjv::8 dnx`lljv

PPPPPPPPg`tj jl }en dn }oegj' Nxtj jhljvjheg qjln tjifeg }jvj nl lreh` dn `veong }`vt~o~x ngnl }~gt` 8'8'4'

:=> Jf`hj~, xnog Fjdej, }o' 8=, tengn nl xeogehjd` dn jojhbjd`' L`x xeogehjgtnx jf`)hjd` u jf`hjvnrextng ng hjxtnlljg` }nv` h`g `tv` xeogehjd`'

:=1 ]`ttenv, }o' :5?, xnog nl h~jl ng Jvjog jlijdvjhb hìngs j xnv x~xtet~ed` }`vh`lhbgj gjlnx dnl xeol` RQ'

:=? Efedni, }o' :51':=2 Jjdj, inxjdj j}jvnhjg uj ng l`x tnrt`x bnfvjeh`jvjo`gnxnx indenqjlnx "Ijodjlngj

! Llnjl, }ox' ?=, ?1 u ?2%' Nx dn x~}`gnv z~n tjifeg xnijgjdj a`vijvj uj }jvtn dnnxtn }jvjdeoij z~n ng c~dn`nx}j`l hì}vngdn jdnix g`hbjdj u tjdvjdj, nl h~jl xnhì}lntj h`g dejdj z~n `veoegjlingtn xeogehjfj dj dn nxtj, }nv` z~n ix tjvdn }jx

j tngnv nl xeogehjd` dn vn}vnxngtjheg tnjtvjl':=5 Ng ljx hì~gedjdnx dn lj }nveanvej xnajvd, xnog Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, }ox'

648644 u ij}j ?1, }o' 488'::= Fjdej, }o' 82'::: Ng ljdeg`, f`hbj tengn nl xeogehjd` dn f`tnllj ovjgdn ` ojvvjaj, ng jvjo`gx f`l)

xj'::6 Fjdej, }o' ?5'::8 Ijodjlngj ! Llnjl, }o' ?2'


20/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#64=

nxkjvegujv hjvejv xngtev g`xtjloejnxkjvegu` hjve` g`xtjloej, jgbnl` dn ji`v

nxk~}egj nxh`}egj::4

xjleqjnxgòj, nxg`j, xegòj::> xegòj dn i~llnvnx::1 l~ojv vnxnvqjd` j ljx i~)cnvnx ng lj xegjoòj

nxtngteg`x nxtngteg`x::? egtnxteg`xnxtvnqdnx::2 nxtvn~dnx::5 tvfndnxanxb~o` anr~o`:6= }nvx`gj nifjvjs`xj,

i`lnxtj, eg`}`vt~gja`vt~gj a`vt~gj f`vvjxhjdcegù`:6: hbeg`ll` v`delljoesjgdnvj o~exjgdnvj h`hegnvjkjdeu` kjdell` ln`ghet`, hjhb`vv`

kjlnv hjlnv xnv }vnhex`

::4 Fjdej, }o' 5='::> Nl ~x` dn lj a`vijxegòj, h`g ljx qjvejgtnxxng`~j uxngn~on, j}jvnhn h`g vno~ljvedjd ng

l`x tnrt`x c~d`x ng ljx lngo~jx efnv`vvìjghnx dn lj ]nggx~lj Efvehj xegòj xn ngh~ng)tvj ng nl d`h~ingt` jvjo`gx]v`t`h`l` dn Ieo~nl Nsz~nvvj, :4?5, a`l' 4:q dnl Jvhbeq`Bextveh` dn ]v`t`h`l`x dn F`vcj "I`tex D`ljdnv, Hì~gedjdnx, }o' 25, g`tj :>5% utjifeg a~n ni}lnjdj ng nx}j`l jgteo~`, avngtn j lj a`vij letnvjvej xegjoòj "_nrlnv,

}ox' ::4::>%, egtv`d~hedj ix tjvdn' Ng ]`vt~ojl xn ni}ln h`g ix avnh~nghej nxgòj,}v`fjflningtn fjxjdj ng lj a`vij c~dn`)vjfn"~%gj "_nrlnv, }o' ::>%, z~n xn h`g)teg~ ~xjgd` dnx}~x dn lj nr}~lxeg ngtvn l`x xnajvdnx dn ixtnvdji u tjifeg ng bj)

z~etj' Ng c~dn`nx}j`l ng l~ojv dn nxgòj xegòj xn jd`}t nl tvieg` dn `veong bnfvn`kjlni}lnjd` }`v l`x c~d`x hjtjljgnx u nxgòj ` nxg`j "Xjlgehj%, nxgòetj "Xjvjcnq`%`xegòj "Xjlgehj, Qedeg% }jxjv`g j dngìegjv lj }jvtn dn lj xegjoòj vnxnvqjdj j ljxi~cnvnx ng lj iju`vj dn x~x qjvendjdnx, }v`fjflningtn hì` h`gxnh~nghej dn z~n ngJvjog xn ni}lnjfj }jvj nll` xegòj dn i~llnvnx, gìfvn g` d`h~ingtjd` bjxtj jb`vja~nvj dn Jvjog' Ng Xjlgehjxegòj h`gxnvqj lj jhn}heg dn xegjoòj, xnog bni`x }`)ded` nxh~hbjv ng ~gj qexetj vnjlesjdj j lj xegjoòj ng dj 5 dn `ht~fvn dn :522' ^g` dn l`xbìfvnx g`x i~nxtvj ljx }ljhjx z~n h~nlojg dn lj }jvnd' Ni}lnj nl tvieg` xegòjx }jvjvnanvevxn j lj lextj dn gìfvnx z~n o~vjg ng nlljx u z~n vnh~nvdjg j `tvjx tjgtjx xegjoòjxz~n nrextenv`g ng nl }jxjd`'

::1 Xnog lj ega`vijheg z~n in a~n ajheletjdj }`v Ieo~nl gonl I`tex D`ljdnv, xegòj dni~llnvnx, j}jvnhn ng nl]v`t`h`l` dn C`bjg V~es Qnvjtg, :485, a`l' 18q, }nvtngnhengtn jl

Jvhbeq` Bextveh` dn ]v`t`h`l`x dn Tjvjs`gj "Sjvjo`sj%'::? T`vvnx A`vgnx, }o' :26'::2 Ng jlo~gjx qjvendjdnx xnajvdnx hì` xn }~ndn qnv ng Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj,

}ox' 6=>6=2 u ij}j 1=, }o' 4:?'::5 T`vvnx A`vgnx, }o' :22':6= Hncjd`v u Avj~hj, }o' 6=:':6: Ng jlo~gjx qjvendjdnx xnajvdnx hì` xn }~ndn qnv ng Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj,

}ox' 6=:6=8 u ij}j >2, }o' 4:>'


21/37

J]@VTJHEGLEGOXTEHJDN L@ XV@IJGHNX JVJO@GX U]@VTÔ^X #64:

kjgu`x dn lj gjves,kjgu~t`x

hj`x:66 "dn lj gjves%,hj~t`x:64

a`xjx gjxjlnx:68

k`dj:6>

h`dj:61

h`ljkì}jgjcn hì}jgjton,hì}jgjhbn:6?

jhì}jjiengt`

k`}ntj h`}ntj nx}nhen dn g`~ojt dnjlingdvjx g~nhnx

k`vjhbj k`vjhb xjh` }nz~n`k~de`, k~dejv:62 h~de`, h~dejv h~edjd`, h~edjv kì}led`)j h`g}led`)j:65 }nvanht`)jl`gx` "< nl `gx`%:8= `gx` `x`

l~o~e"g%l~o~ l~o`jht` xno~ed`, egindejtj)ingtn

inlxj:8: inlxj:86 fjsìnsjdj inxjdj x~nld` }`v ~g inx dn tvj)

fjc`, }nv`d` dn ~g inxiengtvnx iengtvnx iengtvjxi`kjvxndnsi`kjvxn,nsi`kjvxn

i`hjvxn:88 x`gjvxn

geguntj dnl c` gentj, gegntj dnl ~nll`:84 gej, }~}elj}jvengtnx }jvengtnx }jdvnx:8>

:66 Fjdej, }o' >1':68 Hj`x nrexte ng hjxtnlljg` j}lehjd` j ljx a`xjx gjxjlnx dn jgeijlnx, g` dn }nvx`gjx':64 Jlqjv,Jvjo`gx, }o' 628':6> Ng jlo~gjx qjvendjdnx xnajvdnx, xnog Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, }ox' :2>:21 u

ij}j >=, }o' >=':61 Avnh~ngtn ng l`x tnrt`x indenqjlnx, nx}nhejlingtn ng l`x dn lj s`gj dn Jvjog':6? Fjdej, }o' 18':62 ]jvj x~ ~x` ng jlo~gjx qjvendjdnx xnajvdnx, qjxn Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, }ox'

6:66:> u ij}j 14, }o' 46:':65 Ng tnrt`x bnfvjeh`jvjo`gnxnx indenqjlnx, xnog Llnjl, }ox' 42 u ?4'

:8= Ng lj iju`vj dn ljx qjvendjdnx xnajvdnx, xnog Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, }ox'6?=6?8 u ij}j 2>, }o' 446'

:8: _jognv, @fxnvqjhe`gnx, }o' 64=':86 T`vvnx A`vgnx, }o' :51':88 Fjdej, }o' :8>':84 Fjdej, }o' :46' ^xjd` ng hjxtnlljg`, j~gz~n h`g ix avnh~nghej gej dnl `c`' ]`v lj

dnxegnghej dn deieg~teq` )ntj, xn vnh`g`hn x~ `veong jvjo`gx':8> Ng hjxtnlljg`,}jvengtnx nz~eqjln j ajielejvnx hnvhjg`x'


22/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#646

}endnx:81 }endnx }enx}exbjv }erjv:8? `vegjv

}vnx`gj:82

}nvx`gj }nvx`gj}~ghbjv }~ghbjv:85 }~gsjv}~x }~x }~nxxnk~tjv xnh~ljv ncnh~tjvxnk~tjgxj ncnh~hegxnijgjdj xnijgjdj }nv`d` dn ~gj xnijgj u

x~nld` }`v ~gj xnijgj dntvjfjc`

vn}~nxtj vn}~nxtj vnx}~nxtjxnqnvj:4= hnqnvjhnfnvj hnvnjlxeu` xell` xnll`, teifvn

tjdvjdj tjvdjdj:4: jh`gtnheiengt` }fleh` jlteij b`vj dn lj tjvdn

tnvvntnifl` tnvvntenifl` tnvvni`t`te)tjvjljguj:46 tevjvjegj tnljvjj; jvjjt`)tjqjcj t`fjllj:48 t`jllj, xnvqellntj:44

t~vjv:4> t~vjv d~vjv qnvdcnl fnvonl:41 b~nvtj dn vf`lnx av~tjlnx

:81 Lj a`vij jvjo`gnxj}endnx h`gxnvqj, hì` ng `tv`x hjx`x }jvjlnl`x, lj )d) ljtegj ng nl }l~)vjl, ng jlo~gjx qjvendjdnx dn l`x xnajvdnx' Ng Nxievgj jg nvj h`g`hedj j }veghe}e`x dnl

xeol` RR "Lnqu, }o' 8>8%' Jht~jlingtn lj a`vij ix ~x~jl ng lj lngo~j bjfljdj nx}ensnxu }enx ng lj lngo~j nxhvetj':8? Fjdej, }o' :>2':82 Lj a`vij }vnx`gj }nvtngnhn jl ov~}` dn a`vijx z~n ng lj lngo~j xnajvd }vnxngtjg d`x

qjvejgtnx ng }`xeheg egehejl, ~gj h`g }vn) "}vnx`gj, }vndc~vj% u `tvj h`g }nv) "}nvx`gj,}nvdc~vj%' L` iexi` x~hndn h`g lj xljfj egehejl }v`) "}vì`qnv, }v`k~vjv% ` }`v) "}`v)i`qnv, }`vk~vjv% z~n eghl~x` xn tvjgxa`vij ng}nv) "}nvk~vjv% }`v jxeieljheg dn lj q`hjl'Nxtj h`ga~xeg }v`}ej dnl vìjghn jvjo`gx dn lj }`hj dn lj nr}~lxeg, xn }v`l`goj bjxtjg~nxtv`x djx ng c~dn`nx}j`l'

:85 T`vvnx A`vgnx, }o' 612':4= Jl ing`x, ng ljx tvjd~hhe`gnx dn lj Feflej Bnfvnj ng ljdeg`':4: T`vvnx A`vgnx, }o' 62>'

:46 Ng jlo~gjx qjvendjdnx xnajvdnx, xnog Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, }ox' :2=:26 uij}j 4?, }o' 4=4'

:48 Jht~jlingtn xn ~xj t`fjllj':44 H`g t`qjuj u x~x qjvejgtnx xn dnxeogj j lj xnvqellntj ng lj iju`vj dn l`x dejlnht`x c~)

dn`nx}j`lnx, hì` ng jvjo`gx' Lj a`vij nx tjifeg dn veong hjtjl`)jvjo`gx, lj a`vijdnl hjxtnlljg` jgteo~` nvj [t`/jjY, qjxn H`vìegjx, q`l' >, }o' >:8'

:4> Ng jlo~gjx qjvendjdnx xnajvdnx':41 ]`ttenv, }o' :52'


23/37


Jdnix, dnfni`x dn inghe`gjv, jl ing`x, d`x lnrnijx bnfvn`x }v`hndngtnx dnlc~dn`)jvjo`gx z~n dnx}ljsjv`g j l`x h`vvnx}`gdengtnx c~dn`)hjxtnlljg`x ng lj

lngo~j dn l`x xnajvdnx dnl Ei}nve` @tìjg`3

C~dn`nx}j l C~dn`)Jvjo`gx C~dn`)Hjxtnlljg` Bnfvn`/Jvjin`bjieg bjieg:4? jdjgj ijlqexjv ijlqexjv :42 #ijlqexjv:45 qnxtev

dnxqjled`x

8'8 Qnxteoe`x dn lj lngo~j }`vt~o~nxj ng c~dn`nx}j`l h`gtni}`vgn`

Nl h`gtjht` ngtvn nl nx}j`l dn l`x xnajvdnx `tìjg`x u lj lngo~j }`vt~o~nxj jtvjqx dn l`x jg~xei z~n llnojfjg dn ]`vt~ojl, t~q` hì` vnx~ltjd` lj egtv`d~h)

heg dn jlo~gjx a`vijx lrehjx u dn ~g ginv` vnljteqjingtn }nz~n` dn lnrnijx'Ng henvt`x hjx`x xn ji}le nl hji}` xnigteh` dnl jlo~g`x lnrnijx xnajvdnx h`gg~nqjx jhn}he`gnx dnl }`vt~o~x' Bju hjx`x ng l`x z~n ng lj lngo~j dn l`x xn)ajvdnx xn egtv`d~c` nl hì}`gngtn nr}vnxeq` }`vt~o~x ng l~ojv dnl hjxtnlljg`,jlo` deanvngtn'

Ng l`x x~fxextnijx a`g`loeh`, i`va`loeh` u xegthteh`, lj egst~nghej ncnvhedj}`v nl }`vt~o~x a~n ix leietjdj u ng jfx`l~t` xextnitehj' G` }jvnhn bjfnv ongn)vjd` }vhtehjingtn ge nlningt`x ge nxtv~ht~vjx g~nqjx, xeg` xei}lningtn bjfnvncnvhed` ~gj leonvj egst~nghej x`fvn jlo~g`x dn l`x uj nrextngtnx'

8'8': A`gtehj u a`g`lòj8'8':': Q`hjlnx Lj egst~nghej dnl }`vt~o~x ng nl henvvn dn ljx q`hjlnx t`gjx gjlnx [)n, )`Yng [)e, )~Y ng ljx hì~gedjdnx xnajvdnx `hhedngtjlnx:>= vnx~ltj nqedngtn':>: ]jvnhnix feng xnv ~g }v`hnx` h`ghìetjgtn jl z~n xn }vnxtjg ljx nxtv~ht~vjx dn jif`xxextnijx }`v x~x hjvjhtnvxtehjx'

:4? Nxtn lnrnij jvjin` z~n xn ngh~ngtvj uj ng nl Tjli~d, j}jvnhn ng l`x tnrt`x c~dn`)jvj)

o`gnxnx indenqjlnx "qjxn I`tex D`ljdnv,Bnfvjehj, }o' :65%, iengtvjx z~n ng l`x hjx)tnlljg`x xn ngh~ngtvj lj }jljfvj dn `veong vjfn jdjgj, h`gxnvqjdj ng bjz~etj'

:42 I`tex D`ljdnv,Bnfvjehj, }o' 2= u Jxxex, }o' 88188?, dnveqjd` dnl bnfvn` [ijl/feY':45 G` h`g`hni`x nxtn qnvf` ng d`h~ingt`x c~dn`)hjxtnlljg`x':>= Xn }~ndn h`gx~ltjv Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, }ox' 4:>8 u nl ij}j 2, }o' 814, u

]`vt~o~x, }o' :?5':>: Qjxn Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, }ox' >8>?'X`fvn lj j}jveheg u dnxjvv`ll` dn

nxtn anging` ng }`vt~o~x, qjxn Tnuxxenv, }ox' >?1='


24/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#644

Ni}ln` dn g~inv`xjx a`vijx h`g q`hjl tgehj g` de}t`gojdj "}v`hndngtn dnljx fvnqnx ljtegj [nY ` [`Y% hì` ng }`vt~o~x' Nxtj hjvjhtnvxtehj xn dj ng fjxtjg)

tnx lnrnijx xnajvdnx h`g qjvejheg dn ~gj hì~gedjd j tvj' D`x lnrnijx deog`xdn ingheg }`v x~ jltj avnh~nghej dn ~x` x`g nl }v`gìfvn egtnvvòjteq` u vnljteq`kng u qjvejx }nvx`gjx dnl qnvf` knvnvknv`, knvnx, knvn, knvng, z~n x`ljingtn de})t`gojg ng ljx qjvendjdnx dn Xjlgehj, Xnvvnx, Jtngjx, Xk`}cn u I`gjxtev':>6

8'8':'6 H`gx`gjgtnx

Nl c~dn`nx}j`l, jdnix dn xnv ~gj lngo~j xnxnjgtn, ijgtengn lj }`xeheg dnx`g`vedjd ng ljx xefeljgtnx3

Javehjdjx3 tx 3 ds:>8 3 "d% Avehjteqjx3 x 3 s 3

Lj }`xeheg x`vdj3 x`g`vj xn djfj ng ljx lngo~jx vìjghnx dn lj ]nggx~lj Efve)hj' Ng lj }`hj dn lj nr}~lxeg nxtj }`xeheg xn nxtjfj }nvdengd` ng nl hjxtnlljg`dnl g`vtn dn Nx}jj, jx hì` ng ln`gx u jvjo`gx' Jvesj xnjlj z~n nl xnxn` dnl

c~dn`nx}j`l nx ~g vnstnc` g` xl` dn lj g`vij xnqelljgj,:>4 xeg` tjifeg dn ljx`tvjx s`gjx xnxnjgtnx }ngegx~ljvnx, hì` Hjtjl~j u ]`vt~ojl, `}egeg z~n hì)

}jvtei`x nx}nhejlingtn ng l` vnanvngtn jl }`vt~o~x, }~nxt` z~n nl h`gtjht` dn l`xc~d`x xnajvdnx ng nl Ei}nve` @tìjg` h`g nxtj lngo~j xn }v`l`go, jl ing`x,bjxtj jl xeol` RQEEE j tvjqx dn l`x jg~xei' ]`v `tvj }jvtn, nl xnxn` c~dn`nx}j`lh`gtengn nl ijgtngeiengt` dn ljx x`g`vjx, z~n tjifeg xn h`gxnvqjg ng }`vt~o~x

u ng hjtjlg' D`x ajht`vnx xn }vnxngtjg hì` dntnviegjgtnx j lj b`vj dn tngnv ngh~ngtj lj egst~nghej ncnvhedj }`v nl }`vt~o~x x`fvn nl xextnij dn ljx xefeljgtnxng c~dn`nx}j`l3 "j% nl tve~ga` gjl dn ~gj jvteh~ljheg dngtjl dn ljx avehjteqjxng h`gtvj dn ~gj }`xefln jvteh~ljheg j}eh`)jlqn`ljv, dnxngljhn z~n tjifeg xn

:>6 Dnfni`x dn inghe`gjv tjifeg nl }v`gìfvn egdnged` kwjlxn/knv, a`vijd` j }jvtev dn~gj a`vij }nveavxtehj, z~n ng ljx hì~gedjdnx z~n ~xjg a`vijx de}t`gojdjx xn }v`g~ghejkwjlxn/kcnv' ^g nxt~de` ix ji}le` xn ngh~ngtvj ng Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj,

}ox' 66268: u ij}j ?=, }o' 46?, u ]`vt~o~x, }o' :?5':>8 Ljx javehjdjx dngtjlnx tx 3 ds j}jvnhng hì` a`gnijx ijvoegjlnx ng nl xextnij a`g`loe)

h` dn jlo~gjx hì~gedjdnx xnajvdnx dnl g`v`nxtn dn l`x Fjlhjgnx' Vnh`vdni`x z~n ng

:456 jif`x a`gnijx bjfjg }jxjd` j hèghedev h`g l`x avehjteq`x ng ~gj f~ngj }jvtn dnldìege` hjxtnlljg`, l` h~jl `h~vve tjifeg ng c~dn`nx}j`l, }nvijgnhengd` nl javehjd`x`g`v` ng ~g ginv` i~u vnd~hed` dn }jljfvjx, jlo~gjx dn ljx h~jlnx a`vijg `}`xehegh`g lj avehjteqj dngtjl x`g`vj3 j}`dsjvxjhjv jo~j dnl }`s` 3 j}`sjvhnxjv, b`x}ndjvxnng ~g b`tnl' Lj javehjdj x`vdj g` j}jvnhn ng }jljfvjx dn `veong nx}j`l, xeg` dn `veongbnfvn`, nxljq`, etjlejg`, jlnig u udeh`' Ix dntjllnx ng Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj,

}ox' 1524 u ij}jx :::5, }ox' 81?8?>':>4 Jvesj, }o' 6:2'


25/37


}v`d~c` ng }`vt~o~x j }jvtev dnl xeol` RQE, u "f% lj dnjavehjheg dn d j ajq`vdn ':>> ]`v l` tjgt`, tjifeg lj h`gxnvqjheg dn lj `}`xeheg dn x`g`vedjd ng

c~dn`nx}j`l, xn qe` ajq`vnhedj j tvjqx dn x~ h`gtjht` h`g nl }`vt~o~x'Ng l`x tnrt`x dnl xeol` RQE x`g }`h` avnh~ngtnx l`x hjx`x dn h`ga~xeg ngtvnxefeljgtnx x`vdjx u x`g`vjx, iengtvjx z~n jf~gdjg ljx h`ga~xe`gnx ngtvn lj jave)hjdj u lj avehjteqj x`vdjx3xngxej ":q%,xngxej "1q% ` ngej "?%, k`g`nv"4q% `k`g`xnv"1% ng Xnanv q`t bjlnqjq`t'

Egst~nghej }`vt~o~nxj xn dj ng lj }jljtjlesjheg dn lj avehjteqj dngtjl dn f~xtesjvz~n ng jlo~gjx hì~gedjdnx xn }v`g~ghej [f~xte/jvY'

8'8'6 I`va`lòj8'8'6': ]v`gìfvn egtnvvòjteq` gn~tv`

Ng ljx qjvendjdnx hhedngtjlnx dnl c~dn`nx}j`l t~q` l~ojv lj lnrehjlesjheg dn lj

a`vij dn }v`gìfvn vnljteq` gn~tv` h`g jvth~l` l` kn hì` a`vij dn }v`gìfvnegtnvvòjteq` gn~tv`, l`k, ng `vjhe`gnx egtnvvòjteqjx devnhtjx, egdevnhtjx u tji)

feg hì` }v`gìfvn egtnvvòjteq` dn jdievjheg:>13E }vj l~ k kjlc ''' avjowv xte }jlxc`0 "Hvnwx, Tnrt`x, }o':15%Ng lj hvnjheg dn lj a`vij l~k bj egst~ed` nl h`gtjht` dnl c~dn`nx}j`l h`g nl

}`vt~o~x':>?

8'8'6'6 ]vntvet` ei}nvanht` dn egdehjteq` dnl qnvf` ev

Jlo~gjx hì~gedjdnx xnajvdnx "Ovnhej, Ijhnd`gej, Xnvfej, F`xgej, Hv`jhej u, ngongnvjl, ng ljx hì~gedjdnx xnajvdnx dn lj h`xtj indetnvvgnj% ni}lnjv`g ej, ejx,

ej, eji`x, ejxb, ejg':>2

Jlo~gjx dn nxtjx hì~gedjdnx, hì` lj dn Xjlgehj, ni}lnj)fj tjifeg eqj, eqjx, eqj, eqji`x, eqjxb, eqjg, nl ei}nvanht` z~n xn ~xj ng nl vnxt` dnljx hì~gedjdnx' Nxtj a`vij x~voe }`v h`gtjht` h`g nl }`vt~o~x, nrextn tjifegng ln`gnx u ng ojllno`, u uj xn lj vnoextvj ng nl xeol` RQE u ng tnrt`x }`xtnve`vnx':>5

:>> Vnh`vdni`x z~n l`x xnajvdnx dnl Ei}nve` @tìjg` egtv`d~cnv`g nl ovjanij


26/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#641

8'8'6'8 ]nvavjxex qnvfjl xn knvn + }jvt ehe}e` }jxjd` }jvj nr}vnxjv `fleojheg :1=

Nl ~x` dn nxtj }nvavjxex nx ongnvjl ng c~dn`nx}j`l'

Xn knvn dehb` Bju z~n dnhevl`Xn kenve k~ied~:1: Bju z~n hìnv

8'8'8 XegtjrexNg ljx hì~gedjdnx xnajvdnx dn Xjlgehj, Xjvjcnq`, Xk`}cn u I`gjxtev, h~jgd`l`x }v`gìfvnx t`g`x dn hì}lningt` devnht` j}jvnhng ng vjhe`gnx h`g egge)teq`, `h~}jg ~gj }`xeheg }v`hltehj vnx}nht` jl qnvf` eggeteq`':16

Xjlgehj3 e k~jgd` lj vnegj }jve, j l~ojv dn ln djv lj kvejt~vj, nuj inte nl}nvvek` ng lj kjij "Xei`g, }o' 114%

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Vnhbnvhbnx, }o' :>8%Xjvjcnq`3 jl qenc~ ln }nx` dn ln unqjv t`d~ nxt~ jl ijgxnq~ ; u ng lj avi~ljdn jovjdnheiengt` ni f~ng~ dn tn l` }jojv"Fjv~hb, }o' :4:%:18

Nxtn `vdng nvj hjvjhtnvxteh` dnl hjxtnlljg` indenqjl, xeg nifjvo` ng :456 uj nvjavnh~ngtn x~ egqnvxeg' Jlo~g`x ncni}l`x xn ngh~ngtvjg ng l`x tnrt`x xnajvdnx dnlxeol` RQE3 e nl tjvdjv dnl vnu dn ln djv lj }ngj }`v tngnv nl vnu kn ngtngdnv ngPxe

inxi` "Xnanv q`t bjlnqjq`t, :>15, }o' :44%' J~gz~n g` dnfn xnv h`gxednvjd`dn `veong }`vt~o~x, xtn h`gtvef~u j lj h`gxnvqjheg dnl `vdng dnxhvet`':14

8'8'4 Lreh`Xn tvjtj ng t`d`x nxt`x hjx`x dn a`vijx egdeqed~jlnx u z~n, }`v tjgt`, g` vnx}`g)dng j gego~gj nq`l~heg xextnitehj dngtv` dnl xextnij a`g`loeh` dn lj lngo~jxnajvd'

:1= Qjxn Z~egtjgj, ]`vt~o~x, }o' :28'

:1: Hì` Hvnwx,Vnhbnvhbnx, }o' 688 xnjlj, nxtj nxtv~ht~vj vnh~nvdj j lj }`vt~o~nxj3 nxtjxh`~xjx z~nvni)xn tvjhtjdjx h`g h~edjd`'

:16 Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, ij}j 48, }o' 855':18 Ng jlo~gjx `hjxe`gnx xn bj xnjljd` lj egst~nghej dnl avjghx hì` hj~xj dn nxtn `vdng

xegthteh` "Hvnwx, efedni, }o' 6=:%' Xeg nifjvo`, ng Xjvjcnq` g` b~f` nxh~nljx avjg)hnxjx' ]`v `tvj }jvtn, lj avi~lj dn jovjdnheiengt` z~n hetji`x jvvefj, tengn ~g `veongi~hb` ix jgteo~` z~n :58=' Uj X~fjk, }o' :8:, xnjl nxtn `vdng'

:14 Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, }ox' :14:15 u ]`vt~o~x, }o' :26'


27/37


C~dn`nx}j l ]`vt~o~x Hjxtnlljg`jfjajv jfjajv h`hegjv h`g nl qj}`v

jdejv jdejv j}ljsjv, vntjvdjvjhbjv:1> jhbjv bjlljv, ngh`gtvjvjov~vj jov~vj jijvo~vjjk~xjv:11 jh`jv vjxhjvjlf`v jlf`v jlf`vjdjj}ljegjv j}ljegjv hn}elljv, jlexjv, }~lev;

nd~hjvjlgntn jlgntn jllnv jlinxbj:1? jinerj hev~nljjl`gojv jl`gojv jljvojv jijgujgj jijgb ijjgj, jl dj xeo~engtn

ji~vhbjv i~vhbjv ijvhbetjvjg`cjvxn jg`cjv [g~/j3vY ngajdjvxn, ng`cjvxn;

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fja` fja` jlengt`, qj}`vfjtnv:?= fjtnv fjtevfek` feh~ }eh`fevvj fevvj vjfej, ng`c`f`xtncjv:?: f`hncjv f`xtnsjv

:1> L~vej, }o' >48, ng I`gjxtev':11 L~vej, }o' >48, ng I`gjxtev':1? Ng lj qjvendjd dn Xjvjcnq`; ng lj dn I`gjxtevjlinxbn, xnog L~vej, }o' >>1':12 Gnbjij, }o' >8, ng Xjlgehj'

:15 Ng jlo~gjx qjvendjdnx xnajvdnx':?= Qnvf` dn lj xno~gdj h`gc~ojheg ng lj qjvendjd dn I`gjxtev "L~vej, }ox' :6: u :15%, }nv`

ng lj dn Xjlgehj fjtev"Gnbjij, }o' 28%':?: Ng jlo~g`x dejlnht`x, xnog Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, ij}j 15, }o' 461' Ljx d`x

g~nqjx a`vijx c~dn`nx}j`ljx f`xtncjvu f`xtnc`, ni}lnjdjx ng jlo~gjx hì~gedjdnx xn)ajvdnx, xn a`vijg j }jvtev dnl hjxtnlljg` f`xtnx` h`g egtnvanvnghej a`gtehj dn lj a`vij

}`vt~o~nxj z~n xn }v`g~ghej h`g avehjteqj }jljtjl x`g`vj "Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj, }ox' :64:6>, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, }ox' 661662%'


28/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#642

f`xtnc` [f`x/tn3`Y f`hnc` [f`/xn3~Y f`xtns` "nx}' jgt'[f`x/tn3s`Y%

f~vjk` f~vjh` jo~cnv`hbj}n` hbj}~ xìfvnv`hb`kj hb`hj ng }nv`d` dn egh~fjheghb`kjv hb`hjv egh~fjvdni~djv dni~djv }jlednhnv, tvjgxo~vjvdcevjv:?6 oevjv }jxnjvdcev` oev` }jxn`nifevvjvxn nifevvjv :?8 ng`cjvxn, ngajdjvxnngo~u`x ngo~lb`x g~xnjxnga~legujv:?4 nga~legbjv lei}ejv nl b`llg ljx

tnljx dn jvjj

ngtvningtnx)iengtnx ngtvningtvnx "ngtvn%iengtvjxngtv`"i%}nxjv:?> ngtv`}njv tv`}nsjv ngtv`"i%}nx`)}enx` ngtv`}n` tv`}ens`nxk~ij nxh~ij nx}~ijnxk~ijv nxh~ijv nx}~ijv and`vngt` and`vngt` bnde`gd`, atedàv`guj av`gbj a~gdjo`qnvg` o`qnvg` o`fenvgòvno` ovno` oveno`kjli` hjli` tvjgz~el`

kjv}ed`x hjv}ed`x lljgt`, ljingt`xkjv}ed`v hjv}ed`v ll`vgkjv}ev hjv}ev ll`vjv xeg }jvjvxnkjvvnjv hjvvnjv tvjgx}`vtjvkng:?1 z~ni z~engkegungt`x [ke/ngt`xY z~egbngt`x [ke/3t~Y z~egengt`x [ke/gcngt`xYk`gtngtn h`gtngtn h`gtngt`k`}` h`}` qjx`k~vt` h~vt` h`vt`

:?6 Ng nxtn hjx` xn dj ~gj ji}lejheg dnl hji}` xnigteh` dnl qnvf` hjxtnlljg` oevjv'Dce)vjvng c~dn`nx}j`l h`gxnvqj x~ xeogehjd` `veoegjl hjxtnlljg` dn oevjv, djv lj q~nltj,u jdz~envn, jdnix, nl dn }jxnjv dnl }`vt~o~x' L` iexi` qjln }jvj nl x~xtjgteq` dcev`'

:?8 Ng }`vt~o~x h`g nl xeogehjd` dn `fxtegjvxn, xngtev jqnvxeg, }`v l` tjgt`, h`g `tv`xeogehjd`'

:?4 Ng Xjlgehj, xnog Hvnwx, Tnrt`x, }o' 6:6':?> Ng jlo~gjx hì~gedjdnx':?1 Ng Xjlgehj, Xk`}cn u D~fv`qgek }vnqjlnhe lj a`vij de}t`gojdj hjxtnlljgj'


29/37


:?? Ng t`djx ljx qjvendjdnx xnajvdnx dnl egtnve`v u `nxtn dn l`x Fjlhjgnx, hì` xn }~ndn qnvng Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj legoxtehj, ij}j ??, }o' 484'

:?2 Xn }v`g~ghej jx ng lj s`gj g`vtn dn ]`vt~ojl u ng }jvtnx dn Ojlehej':?5 Lj a`vij j}jvnhn ng jlo~gjx qjvendjdnx' Ng `tvjx nrextn ijnxtv`, z~es }`v egst~c` dnl

hjxtnlljg` i`dnvg`':2= Nxtj a`vij nx lj ni}lnjdj ng Xjlgehj "Gnbjij, }o' 81=%, }nv` ng I`gjxtev xn ~xj

iexbevekjv"L~vej, }o' >44%':2: Ng jlo~gjx qjvendjdnx dnl c~dn`nx}j`l':26 Ng vìjghn hjxtnlljg`, }nv` ng hjxtnlljg` i`dnvg` xn ni}lnj gnov`':28 J~gz~n nx ix avnh~ngtn nl ni}ln` dnl tvieg` bnfvn` fndjbjei'

l`gdcn:?? l`gon [/l3Y lnc`xl`go`v l`go`v ljvo~vj

l~et` l~t` [/lwet~Y:?2

l~tìjlajdjd` ijlajdjd` dnxja`vt~gjdìjguj ijgbj ijgj, ijlj h`xt~ifvninvngdj invngdj invengdjinxtv`, )j:?5 inxtvn, )j ijnxtv`, )jinxbnveknjv:2= inrnvehjv hbexinjv, egtveojvinxbnveknv` inrnvez~nev` hbexi`xìnxbnvek` inrnveh` hbexin, egtveojinxbnv inrnv inhnv "nx}' jgt' [in/txnvY%ieljovn ieljovn ieljovì`xtvjdj:2: i`xtjvdj i`xtjsj

i`qet` iqet` jf`vt`, }jvt` }vnijt~vì`gt~v` i`gt~v` i~ljdjv, hl`jhj, fj)

x~vnvì~gdcev i~goev [i/evY `vdnjvgji`vjv gji`vjv ngji`vjv

}ljegj }ljegj hn}ell`, ojvl`}j}vnt` }vnt` }vent`:26

vjgu`s` vjgb`x` i`h`x`vningd` vningd` vniengd`vngdj vngdj vngtj

vnxojtjv vnxojtjv vnxhjtjv vnxa`lojv vnxa`lojv vn}`xjvvnxa`lo` vnxa`lo` vn}`x`vnxkjld` vnxhjld` vnxh`ld`xeietnve`:28 hnietve` [xie/tn3vc~Y hningtnve`x~}ntjgu` x~}nt` dn ei}vnqext`,

dn vn}ngtnx~}nt` x}nt` xfet`, ei}vnqext`


30/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#6>=

xbjijvjdj hbjijvjdj [ni/vj3dY lljijvjdjxbjifjxb~oj:24 xjifnx~oj:2> xjgo~ec~nlj

tvnx}jxjv tvnx}jxxjv tvjx}jxjv tvnx~djv tvnxx~jv x~djv i~hb`t~cev:21 t~oev:2? bjfljvt~tjg` t~tjg` t~tjg`qjegj:22 fjegbj qjegj, d`fljdell

4' H`ghl~xe`gnx

Xe xn tengng ng h~ngtj t`d`x l`x nlningt`x dnl xextnij dnl c~dn`nx}j`l, l`x dn`veong jvjo`gx u }`vt~o~x `h~}jg ~g l~ojv i~u vnd~hed`' Jdnix, jlo~g`x

j}jvnhng x`ljingtn ng henvtjx qjvendjdnx' Xe, }`v `tvj }jvtn, h`gxednvji`x z~njlo~g`x dn nll`x janhtjg j l`x x~fxextnijx a`g`loeh` u i`va`loeh`, j~ingtj x~ei}`vtjghej' Xe, jdnix, h`gtni}lji`x lj avnh~nghej dn ~x` dn l`x lnrnijx }v`)hndngtnx dn jifjx lngo~jx, qnvni`x z~n lj ovjg iju`vj x`g }jljfvjx }v`}ejx dnlj lngo~j h`tedejgj, l` h~jl x~}`gn ~g ~x` vnljteqjingtn avnh~ngtn dn ljx iexijx'A`vijx dn `veong }`vt~o~x hì` lj egtnvvòjteqj kng ` ljx h`vvnx}`gdengtnx dnlqnvf` knvnv, ` dn `veong jvjo`gx hì` dngo~g qx' dego~g u dn}~nx tengn ~gjavnh~nghej i~u jltj ng nl ~x`' Xe l`x nlningt`x dn `veong }`vt~o~x xn bjujg hjxenrhl~xeqjingtn }vnxngtnx ng nl lreh`, g` `h~vvn l` iexi` h`g l`x jvjo`gnxnxz~n, j c~sojv }`v l`x vnx~ltjd`x, bjg dncjd` b~nllj ng t`d`x l`x x~fxextnijx dnl

c~dn`nx}j`l, xengd` x~ j} vtjheg i`va`loehj gjdj dnx}vnhejfln'

:24 Xbjifjxb~oj ng ljx qjvendjdnx xnajvdnx dn Xjlgehj, Xnvvnx, I`gjxtev, Xk`}cn u Qnvvej;xbji"e%xb~oj ng lj dn Xjvjcnq`' ]jvj ix dntjllnx, qjxn Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj, }ox' :::

::6 u ::2:6= u Onòvjaj legoxtehj, ij}j ?2, }ox' 48>':2> Ng }`vt~o~x i`dnvg` xn ni}lnjxjgo~nxx~oj' Xjifnx~oj nx ~gj a`vij dnl jgteo~` oj)

llno`)}`vt~o~x' ]jvj ix dntjllnx, qjxn _jognv, Dejlnht`x, }o' :5?':21 Xn h`gxnvqj xl` ng jlo~gjx nr}vnxe`gnx3xeg t~cevxeg dnhev }jljfvj,xeg t~cev, xeg ijgnvjv

xeg bjfljv u xeg i`qnvxn u g` t~c` fenvq` g` dec` ge }jljfvj "Gnbjij, }o' >?:%':2? Ng }`vt~o~x bjfljv i~u fjc`, x~x~vvjv':22 Nl xeogehjgtn qjegj qjegj nrextn tjifeg ng hjxtnlljgj, }nv` g` h`g nl xeogehjd`

d`fljdell`, g~nqj jhn}heg jdz~evedj ng c~dn`nx}j`l dnl lnrnij }`vt~o~x fjegbj'


31/37

J]@VTJHEGLEGOXTEHJDN L@ XV@IJGHNX JVJO@GX U]@VTÔ^X #6>:

Vnanvnghejx Fefleòvhjx

Jli`xgeg` I' Jli`xgeg`, Xnanv Injin K`j, Qngnhej :>22 "ng bnfvn`%Jlqjv,Jvjo`gx I' Jlqjv,Nl dejlnht` jvjo`gx, Ijdved :5>8

Jlqjv,Dejlnht`lòj PPPPPP"devnht`v%, Ijg~jl dn dejlnht`lòj bex}gehj3 Nl nx}j`l dnNx}jj, Fjvhnl`gj :551

Jlqjv ! ]`ttenv I' Jlqjv ! F' ]`ttenv, I`va`lòj bextvehj dnl nx}j`l, Ijdved :528

Jvesj I' Jvesj, X`fvn a`gtehj bextvehj dnl nx}j`l, Ijdved :554

Jxxex U' T' Jxxex, L`x c~d`x dn lj H`v`gj dn Jvjog u x~x dìege`x, ngNl lnojd` dn Xnajvjd, hì}' B' Fnegjvt, q`l' :, Cnv~xjlg :558, }ox'42:=2

Fjdej J' Fjdej Ijvojvet, H`gtvef~heg jl q`hjf~ljve` jvjo`gx i`dnvg`,

Sjvjo`sj :542Fjvgje C' Fjvgje, L`x c~d`x dnl Ei}nve` @tìjg` ng l`x xeol`x :? u :2, ng

Nl lnojd` dn Xnajvjd, hì}' B' Fnegjvt, q`l' 6, Cnv~xjlg :558, }ox':82:?=

Fjv~hb K' Fjv~hb, Nl c~dn`)nx}j`l dn F`xgej,Vnqextj dn Ael`lòj Nx}j)`lj :?36 ":58=%, }ox' ::8:>:

Fnvngo~nv ' Fnvngo~nv Jijd`v, Nl ~x` dn l`x }v`gìfvnx ng Lnl ei~vei,ng Bext`vu jgd Hvnjteqetu3 ]v`hnndegox à Iexojq Unv~xbjljueixTbevd Egtnvgjte`gjl H`govnxx, hì}' T' Jlnrjgdnv, J' Bjei, O' Bjxjg)V`kni ! N' Bjsjg, :522, Cnv~xjlg :554, }ox' >:>5

F~gex, Edeìj D' I' F~gex, Nl edeìj dn l x xnajvdnx3 ~g }jg`vjij bextveh`, ngNl lnojd` dn Xnajvjd, hì}' B' Fnegjvt, q`l' 6, Cnv~xjlg :558, }ox'4:448?

F~gex,C~dnsi` PPPPPP, C~dnsi`3 Jg Egtv`d~hte`g t` tbn Ljgo~jon à tbn Xn}bjvdehCnwx à tbn @ttìjg Ni}evn, Cnv~xjlg :555 "ng bnfvn` u ng c~)dn`nx}j`l%

Hjg` Jo~eljv V' Hjg` Jo~eljv,Nl nx}j`l j tvjqx dn l`x teni}`x, Ijdved :522

Hncjd v u Avj~hj C' Hncjd`v u Avj~hj, Q`hjf~ljve` indenqjl hjxtnlljg`, Beldnxbnei !G~nqj U`vk :5?:

H`vìegjx C' H`vìegjx ! C' J' ]jxh~jl,Dehhe`gjve` hvteh` ntei`loeh` hjxtn)lljg` n bex}geh`, : vnei}vnxeg, q`l' >, Ijdved :521

Hvnwx, Vnhbnvhbnx H' I' Hvnwx, Vnhbnvhbnx x~v ln c~d`)nx}jog`l djgx lnx }jux Fjl)kjgez~nx, ]jvx :58>

Hvnwx, Tnrt`x PPPPPP, Tnrt`x c~dn`nx}j`lnx dn Xjlgehj u Xjvjcnq` h`g hìng)tjve`x legoxteh`x u ol`xjve`,Nxt~de`x Xnajvdnx,Jgnc` EE dnXnajvjd,Iexhnlgnj Hvnwx, Ijdved :5?5, }ox' 5:6>2

Nghuhl`}jndejC~djehj

Nghuhl`}jndej C~djehj HD)V@I Ndete`g, C~djehj I~lteindej, Cn)v~xjlg


32/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#6>6

Anvo~x`g H' J' Anvo~x`g, Deol`xxej, _`vd:> ":5>5%, }ox' 86>84=

Ojlix dn A~ngtnx ' Ojlix dn A~ngtnx, Lj lngo~j dn l`x i`vexh`x, ng Ijg~jl dn dej)

lnht`lòj bex}gehj3 Nl nx}j`l dn Nx}jj, dev' I' Jlqjv, Fjvhnl`gj:551, }ox' :::::2

O`gslns Fnvgjl C' I' O`gslns Fnvgjl, Nl Inji L`ns dn C`x~3 Tvjgxhve}heg undeheg }jvhejl u nxt~de` i`va`xegthteh`, ngBext`vu jgd Hvnjteqetu3]vnhnndegox à Iexojq Unv~xbjljueix Tbevd Egtnvgjte`gjl H`govnxx,:522, nd' T' Jlnrjgdnv nt jlej, Cnv~xjlg :554, }ox' 1:15

Bjhknv U' Bjhknv, L`x xnajvdnx dnl Ei}nve` @tìjg` dnl xeol` RQE, ngNl lnojd` dn Xnajvjd, hì}' B' Fnegjvt, q`l' 6, Cnv~xjlg :558, }ox'::::8?

Kjel~wnet V' Kjel~wnet, Nl hjxtnlljg` dn Fjvhnl gj ng t`vg` j :2==Lj a v)ijheg dn ~g dejlnht` tnvhejve`, ngJhtjx dnl EEE H`govnx Egtnvgjhe`)

gjl dn lj Jx`hejheg dn Bext`vej dn lj Lngo~j Nx}j`lj "Xjljijghj,666? dn g`qenifvn dn :558%, hì}' J' O`gslns, J' Hjxtv` Vji`x,L' O~tevvns V`dellj, F' ]jxh~jl V`dvo~ns ! C' J', q`l' :, Ijdved:551, }ox' ?8??41

Kj}ljg U' Kj}ljg, L`x xnajvdnx ng nl g`v`nxtn dn N~v`}j u ng nl G~nq` I~g)d`, ngNl lnojd` dn Xnajvjd, hì}' B' Fnegjvt, q`l' 6, Cnv~xjlg :558,}ox' 64565?

Kngext`g B' Kngext`g, Tbn Xugtjr à Hjxtelejg ]v`xn3 Tbn Xertnngtb Hngt~vu,Hbehjo` :58?

K`gtse V' K`gtse,Jlcjiejd` Tnrtn, q`l' :, _enxfjdng :5?4

Lnqu K' Lnqu, Bext`vexhb)onòvj}bexhbn ^gtnvx~hb~gong s~i C~dng)x}jgexhbng3 Tnrtn, Q`kjf~ljv, ovjiijtexhbn Fninvk~gong, Q`lkxt~i~gd K~lt~v dnv Vìjgng 6 ":5658=%, }ox' 84682:

L~vej I' J' L~vej, J Xt~du a tbn I`gjxtev Dejlnht a C~dn`)X}jgexb fjxnd`g @vjl Ijtnvejl h`llnhtnd eg I`gjxtev, U~o`)Xljqej, Vnq~n Bex}j)gez~n ?4 ":58=%, }ox' 868>28

Llnjl H' Llnjl,Nl C~dnsi`3 Nl dejlnht` xnajvd u x~ bext`vej, Fjvhnl`gj :556

Llùd ]' I' Llùd,Dnl ljtg jl nx}j`l, q`l' :, Ijdved :558

Ijodjlngj ! Llnjl L' V' Ijodjlngj Gì dn D~ ! H' Llnjl,Jlcjijx Bnfvjeh`jvjo`gn)xjx "Xeol`x REQ)RQ%, Fjvhnl`gj :55>

Iegnvqege,Kèg L' Iegnvqege, Tbn A`vijte`g à tbn C~dn`)X}jgexb Kèg3 DejlnhtH`gqnvonghn eg tbn Xertnngtb Hngt~vu, Tbn ]v`hnndegox à tbn TngtbFvetexb H`ganvnghn `g C~dn`)X}jgexb Xt~denx, 65 C~gn: C~lu :55?,L`gdvnx :555, }ox' 4:>6

Iegnvqege, Vet~jlnx PPPPPP, Vet~jlnx dn ]jxh~j ng hjxtnlljg` ng ~g ijbs`v dn gjl dnlxeol` REEE, ng ]vùnhheg bextvehj dn Nx}jj ng x~x tvnx h~lt~vjx3Hjxtellj u Lng, Jivehj u nl Indetnvvgn`, h``vd' N' L`vngs` Xjgs,q`l' 6, Qjlljd`led :558, }ox' :65:85


33/37

J]@VTJHEGLEGOXTEHJDN L@ XV@IJGHNX JVJO@GX U]@VTÔ^X #6>8

Iegnvqege, Tnxte PPPPPP, Tnxte oe~dn`x}jog`le indenqjle3 Hjxteolej n Jvjo`g, 6 q`lx',G}`lnx :556

Ietvjge I' Ietvjge,Vnx}`gxj, Qngnhej :165 "ng bnfvn`%I`lb`, Jli xgeg` E' V' I`lb`, Vefe I` Jli`xgeg`, Xjl`gez~n, qelln nt ivn ng Ex)

vjnl, Cnv~xjlg ! Tnl Jqeq :51?, }ox' 4:>6

I`lb`, Hjxt`vej I' I`lb`,Bextèvn dnx Exvjletnx dn Hjxt`vej, Xjlgehj :582

I`tex D`ljdnv,Hì~gedjdnx

I' ' I`tex D`ljdnv, Ljx hì~gedjdnx c~djx ng nl Jvjog inde)nqjl, ngJvjog Xnajvjd,h``vd' J' Vìnv` Xjgtjijvj u I' J' I`texD`ljdnv, q`l' :, Sjvjo`sj 6==>, }ox' 68::6

I`tex D`ljdnv,Nr}~lxe`g

PPPPPP, Tbn Nr}~lxe`g à tbn Cnwx avì Hjljtju~d :456:>==, Cn)v~xjlg :55=

I`tex D`ljdnv,

Bnfvjehj

PPPPPP,Bnfvjehj Jvjo`gjlej3 Nl Lnojd` C~d` ng Jvjog, Sjvjo`sj

6==6Gjjv J' Gjjv,Ljx xegjoòjx dn Xjlgehj, Xjlgehj :52>"ng oveno`%

Gnbjij C' Gnbjij,Dehte`ggjevn d~ c~d`)nx}jog`l, Ijdved :5??

]j}`,Djixnz N' fng ' T' ]j}`, XnanvDjixnz Nlensnv, q`l' :, Fnlovjd` :216

]j} , Ljdeg` N' ]j}`, L`jg _`vdx av i Ljdeg` eg tbn Xb~lbjg Jv~kb,]njiei?= ":55?%, }ox' 1555 "ng bnfvn`%

]j}`,]nln N' fng U' ]j}` "tv'%,]nln U n ng ljdeg`, q`l' :, Qengj :2?=

]`ttenv F' ]`ttenv, Lq`l~te`g dn lj ljgo~n jvjo`gjexn lj g d~ IùngJon,F~llnteg Bex}jgez~n >4 ":5>6%, }ox' :24:55

Z~egtjgj, Jvjo`gx Jldegj Z~egtjgj, Lj egst~nghej dnl vìjghn jvjo`gx ng nl c~dn`nx}j)`l, ngJvjog Xnajvjd,h``vd' J' Vìnv` Xjgtjijvj u I'J' I`texD`ljdnv, q`l' :, Sjvjo`sj 6==>, }ox' >=5>6=

Z~egtjgj,H`ghìetjghejx

PPPPPP, H`ghìetjghejx legoxtehjx ngtvn nl jvjo`gx u nl ljdeg`"c~dn`nx}j`l%, Jvhbeq` dn Ael`lòj Jvjo`gnxj >?>2 "6==:%, }ox':18:56

Z~egtjgj, Onòvjaj PPPPPP, Onòvjaj legoxtehj dnl c~dn`nx}j`l dn jh~nvd` h`g nllreh`,Vnqextj dn Ael`lòj Nx}j`lj 26 "6==6%, }ox' :=>:82

Z~egtjgj, Onòvjajlegoxtehj

PPPPPP, Onòvjaj legoxtehj dnl c~dn`nx}j`l3 Nxt~de` xeghvgeh` udejhvgeh`, Fnvgj nt jlej 6==1

Z~egtjgj, ]`vt~o~xPPPPPP

, Nl x~xtvjt` u nl jdxtvjt` }`vt~o~nxnx ng c~dn`nx}j`l,C~dngx}jgexhb 2 [9Gn~n Vìjgej 8:Y "6==4%, }ox' :1?:56

Z~egtjgj, Qjvejheg PPPPPP, Qjvejheg dejt}ehj ng c~dn`nx}j`l,Vnqextj Egtnvgjhe`gjldn Legoxtehj Efnv`jinvehjgj 4 "2% "6==1%, }ox' ??5?

Z~egtjgj, Qjvejte`g PPPPPP, Dejt`}exhbn Qjvejte`g dnx C~dngx}jgexhbng eg dng Fjlkjg)lgdnvg ~gd eg dnv Tvkne, Gn~n Vìjgej :5 [9 C~dngx}jgexhb 6Y":55?%, }ox' 4?1>


34/37

JLDEGJ ZÊGTJGJ#6>4

Z~egtjgj ! Vqjb,Xedd~v

J' Z~egtjgj ! E')X' Vqjb, J Xn}bjvdeh Xedd~vwetb Vet~jl Egxtv~h)te`gx eg Jvjo`gnxn Vìjghn3 Ix' @ra`vd, F`dlnejg Lefvjvu ::88 "@}}'

Jdd' 2 :2%,Bex}jgej C~djehj F~llnteg

4 "6==4%, }ox' :82:>:Vqjb, Jli`xgeg` E')X' Vqjb,Ln lnrez~n dn I' Jli`xgeg`3H`gtvef~te`g lbextèvn d~hjxtelljg' Iièvn }vxngt }`~v l`ftngte`g d~ de}lin dn lNh`ln]vjtez~n dnx Bj~tnx)Nt~dnx Qn xnhte`g, ]jvx :5>4 "egdet`%

Vqjb, Nq`l~te`g PPPPPP, A`vijte`g nt q`l~te`g dnx }jvlnvx c~d`)nx}jog`lx dnx Fjl)kjgx,Efnvedj 1 ":51:%, }ox' :?8:51

Vqjb, A`vijte`g PPPPPP, A`vijte`g dnx }jvlnvx c~d`)nx}jog`lx dnx Fjlkjgx3 Hì)}jvjex`g jqnh lj a`vijte`g dnx }jvlnvx fvxelengx,Jgjex d` ]veinev`Xei}xe` dn Ael`lòej Vìgehj, V` dn Cjgnev`, :5?=, }ox' :4::1=

Vìn~ ]' Vìn~ Anvv "hì}'%, Ièxx Jli`xgeg`3 Hvgehj dn l`x Vnunx @t`)

ijg`x, Fjvhnl`gj :552V~fe ! Fljxh` J' V~fe ! X' Fljxh , Nl Kjl dn Jvjog3 L`x c~d`x jvjo`gnxnx ng

Xjlgehj, Sjvjo`sj :55>

Xjlj I' Xjlj, ]b`gtez~n nt }b`g`lòen d~ c~d`)nx}jog`l dn F~hjvnxt,]jvx :5?=

Xjlì`g B' ]' Xjl i`g, J Aeatnngtb Hngt~vu Bjoojdj wetb Vet~jl ]vnxhve})te`gx eg ]`vt~o~nxn Jlcjiejd`, Jvhbeq`x d` Hngtv` H~lt~vjl ]`vt~)o~nx :> "]jvx :52=%, }ox' 68:686

Xj}`vtj u Fncj N' Xj}`vtj u Fncj, Xjl`gez~n nt xnx c~d`)nx}jog`lx, ]jvx :5?5

Xn}bebj B' Q' Xn}bebj,Ln ljdeg` "c~d`)nx}jog`l hjlz~n%3 Xtv~ht~vn nt nq`l~)

te`g d~gn ljgo~n let~voez~n, q`l' :, ]jvx :5?5Xei`g _' Xei`g, Hbjvjktnvextek dnx C~dngx}jgexhbng Dejlnktx q`g Xjl`ge)

ke,Snetxhbveat av vìjgexhbn ]bel`lòen 4= ":56=%, }ox' 1>>125

Xevjt ! Vqjb H' Xevjt u E')X' Vqjb, ^g ijs`vnx}jog`l d~ REEEn xehln jqnh dnx}vnxhve}te gx vet~nllnx ng Hjxtelljg,Vnq~n dnx t~dnx C~eqnx, q`l' 8[:6=Y ":51:%, }ox' 8>18>?

X~fjk C' X~fjk, S~i C~dngx}jgexhbng,Snetxhbveat av vìjgexhbn ]bel`l`)oen 8= ":5=1%, }ox' :62:2>

Tnuxxenv ]' Tnuxxenv,Bextvej dj Lgo~j ]`vt~o~nxj, Lexf`j :524

T`vvnx A`vgnx H' T`vvnx A`vgnx, X`fvn q`hnx jvjo`gnxjx ~xjdjx ng Xno`vfn, Qjlnghej

:5=8_jognv, Dejlnht`x I' L' _jognv, L x dejlnht`x c~dn`nx}j lnx dn Kjvjanvej, Kjxt vej u

Fv~xj, ngBìngjcn àvnhed` j Inggdns ]edjl, q`l' 6, Ijdved :56>,}ox' :586=8

_jognv,@fxnvqjhe`gnx

PPPPPP, Jlo~gjx `fxnvqjhe`gnx ongnvjlnx x`fvn nl c~dn`nx}j`l dn@vengtn,Vnqextj dn Ael`lòj Nx}j`lj := ":568%, }ox' 66>644


35/37

J]@VTJHEGLEGOXTEHJDN L@ XV@IJGHNX JVJO@GX U]@VT^O^X #6>>

_nrlnv ]' _nrlnv, Tnvix a`v xugjo`o~n eg Bnfvnw jgd Cnwexb Ljgo~jonx3Nr}l`vjte`gx eg Bext`vehjl Cnwexb Egtnvlego~extehx, Vnq~n dnx t~dnxC~eqnx

:4=3:6 ":52:%, }ox' :=::82


36/37

]v`hnndegox `a

Tbn Xertb Egtnvgjte`gjl H`govnxx a`v

Vnxnjvhb `g tbn Xn}bjvde jgd @vengtjl Cnwexb Bnvetjon

LJGO^JONX JGD LETNVJT^VNX

@A

XN]BJVDEH JGD @VENGTJL CN_X

Ndet`v3

Djqed I' F~gex

Iexojq Unv~xbjljueiTbn Fejlek Egxtet~tn Cnv~xjlni


37/37

Ljgo~jon Ndetego3

Ngolexb3 Nqnlug Kjtvjk

Avnghb3 C~detb Ov~ifjhb

Bnfvnw3 Jqvjbji Fng)Jietju

X}jgexb3 Al`vegdj A' O`ldfnvo

Tbex f``k wjx }~flexbnd wetb tbn x~}}`vt à

Tbn Exvjnl Xhenghn A`~gdjte`g

jgd tbn D`vj Xhbwjvts A~gd, Tbn Ijgdnl Egxtet~tn à Cnwexb Xt~denx,

Tbn Bnfvnw ^geqnvxetu à Cnv~xjlni

EXFG 5?2)51>)846)52>)?

H`}uveobt fu Iexojq Unv~xbjljuei

jgd tbn Fejlek Egxtet~tn, Cnv~xjlni 6==5

Tu}nxnttego3 C~detb Xtnvgfnvo

]vegtnd eg Exvjnl

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