cyber geo last 29 10 2015 - gfsis · 2017. 2. 15. · rac sawiroa gaketdes samomavlod. im sferosi,...

saqarTvelos kiberbarometri angariSi

xaTuna mSvidobaZe

momzadebulia britaneTis saelCosaTvis TbilisSi da

danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis britaneTis erovnuli

saagentosTvis

redaqtorebi: devid smiTi, rusudan margiSvili

teqnikuri redaqtori: nino yavelaSvili

ISBN 978-9941-0-8228-3

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis ga-

reSe publikaciis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri, maT

Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fondi, 2015

3 |

saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvle-

vis fondi warmogidgenT Cveni fondis ufrosi mecnier-TanamSromlis,

kibersakiTxebis specialistis, qalbaton xaTuna mSvidobaZis naSroms _

„saqarTvelos kiberbarometri _ angariSi“. es aris saqarTvelos usafr-

Txoebis, ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da evropaSi integraciisaTvis sasi-

cocxlo mniSvnelobis sakiTxis _ Cveni saxelmwifos kiberusafr Txoebis

_ vrceli mimoxilva. angariSSi kargad aris naCvenebi, Tu ramdens miaR-

wia saqarTvelom kiberusafrTxoebis sferoSi, Tumca mdgomareoba obi-

eqturadaa Sefasebuli da mkafiod aris Camoyalibebuli is mimarTule-

bebi, romlebic gaumjobesebas saWiroeben. rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania,

angariSSi mocemulia konkretuli rekomendaciebi _ Tu ra nabijebi

unda gadadgas saqarTvelom kiberusafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mimar-

TulebiT.

saqarTvelo iyo pirveli qveyana, romelmac 2008 wels erTdrou-

lad ganicada rogorc kinetikuri, ise kiberSetevebi. im dros saqarT-

veloSi jer kidev ar iyo internetinfrastruqtura da misi gamoyene-

ba ise ganviTarebuli, rogorc dRes. axla Cven gacilebiT ufro metad

varT damokidebuli internetze, rac gansazRvravs Cvens mzard ekono-

mikur ganviTarebasa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis Camoyalibebas.

rac metad Semodis Cvens yofaSi interneti, miT ufro meti Zalisxmeva

gvWirdeba, rom es didi sikeTe ar gaxdes omis, SpionaJisa Tu danaSaulis

iaraRi. mTavroba, biznesi, samoqalaqo sazogadoeba da Cveni ucxoeli

partniorebi unda gaerTiandnen kiberusafrTxoebis gasaZliereblad. am

TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTo-

bebis kvlevis fondi kvlavac mowinave rigSia 21-e saukunis usafrTxoe-

bis gamowvevebTan gasamklaveblad _ amis dasturia xaTuna mSvidobaZis

warmodgenili angariSi _ „saqarTvelos kiberbarometri“.

dabolos, minda madloba gadavuxado didi britaneTis mTavrobas,

kerZod, didi britaneTisa da CrdiloeT irlandiis gaerTianebuli same-

fos saelCos saqarTveloSi da danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis bri-

taneTis erovnul saagentos gaweuli mxardaWerisTvis. maT proeqts

aRmouCines ara mxolod finansuri daxmareba, aramed iTaves intele-

qtualuri xelmZRvanelobac im ideis warmosaCenad, rom saerTaSoriso

TanamSromloba gansazRvravs zogadad kiberusafrTxoebis gaumjobese-

bas. did imeds vitovebT, rom Cveni da didi britaneTis TanamSromloba

SemdgomSic gagrZeldeba.

eka metreveli saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso

urTierTobebis kvlevis fondis aRmasrulebeli

direqtoris movaleobis Semsrulebeli

I winasityvaoba

| 4

interneti sul ufro metad erTveba Tanamedrove cxovrebaSi.

onlainsivrceSi inacvlebs mTavroba, romelic Cvens samsaxurSi dgas,

samxed roebi, romlebic Cven gvicaven, ekonomika, romelic Cven gvexmare-

ba da gvaZlierebs da komunikaciebis industria, romelic xels gviwyobs,

rom SevinarCunoT urTierTobebi da kavSirebi. kibersivrce udides

SesaZ leblobebs gviSlis, Tumca mas Tan mravali riskic axlavs.

britaneTi eswrafvis iseT kibersivrces, sadac moqalaqeebs miecemaT

saSualeba srulfasovnad gamoiyenon misi SesaZleblobebi - roca yovel-

gvari manZilis, drois, enobrivi da sxva kulturuli barierebis gar-

RveviT moxdeba urTierTobebis damyareba, biznesis keTeba, megobrebisa

d kontaqtebis qselis gazrda da amgvarad SeZleben moqalaqeebi TavianTi

cxovrebis gaumjobesebas, SesaZleblobebis gazrdasa da Canafiqrebis

ganxorcielebas. yovelive es moiTxovs efeqturi meqanizmebis SemoRe-

bas, raTa Semcirdes riskebi da xeli SeeSalos Tavisufali kibersivrcis

borotad gamoyenebas - am sivrceSi samarTaldamcavebi amarcxeben krimi-

nalebs, aq moqalaqeebma ician, rogor daicvan Tavi; kibersivrce aris ara

marto efeqturi, aramed usafrTxo saSualeba biznesisTvis; sajaro on-

lainservisebi daculi da mdgradia, xolo im gamowvevebis daZleva, rom-

lebic safrTxes uqmnis erovnul infrastruqturas, erovnul usafr-

Txoebasa Tu pirad keTildReobas, SesaZlebelia.

„saqarTvelos kiberbarometri - angariSi“ naTlad asaxavs saqarT-

velos kiberusafrTxoebis suraTs. angariSSi warmodgenilia, Tu ras

akeTebs saqarTvelo Tavisi moqalaqeebis, saqmianobisa da mniSvnelovani

erovnuli infrastruqturis dasacavad da mocemulia rekomendaciebi,

rac saWiroa gakeTdes samomavlod. im sferoSi, sadac teqnologiebis

ganviTareba swrafi tempiT mimdinareobs, efeqturi reagirebisaTvis

saWiroa Tanmimdevruli, farTo da mzardi Zalisxmeva.

aqve minda pativiscema gamovxato xaTuna mSvidobaZis mimarT, ro-

melmac orwliani Tavdauzogavi Sroma Cado am angariSis Sesaqmnelad.

aseve minda madloba gadavuxado yvela im adamians, romelTac Tavi-

si wvlili Seitanes angariSis Seqmnis procesSi, maTi gulwrfeli mis-

wrafebisa da mudmivi ZalisxmevisTvis daicvan saqarTvelos mosaxleo-

ba kibersivrceSi.

aleqsandra hol holididi britaneTisa da CrdiloeT irlandiis

gaerTianebuli samefos sagangebo da

sruluflebiani elCi saqarTveloSi

5 |

I sarCevi

winasityvaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

proeqtis Sesaxeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

reziume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Sesavali - msoflio konteqsti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

saqarTvelos mimoxilva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis

( ICT ) gamoyeneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

eleqtronuli vaWroba da onlainbankingi

informaciis wyaroebi

eleqtronuli mTavroba

ICT da ekonomikuri ganviTareba

kiberdanaSauli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

kiberSpionaJi da kiberomi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

kiberSpionaJi

kiberomi

sekuritizacia da saqarTvelos xedva kiberdanaSaulis , kiberSpionaJisa da kiberomis winaaRmdeg

brZolasTan dakavSirebiT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

dainteresebuli mxareebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

saxelmwifo uwyebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

saxelmwifo usafrTxoebisa da krizisebis marTvis sabWo

_ premier-ministris uwyeba

iusticiis saministro _ monacemTa gacvlis saagento _ CERT

| 6

Sinagan saqmeTa saministro _ centraluri kriminaluri

policiis departamenti

prokuratura da sasamarTlo xelisufleba

Tavdacvis saministro

ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro

saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtoris aparati . . . . . 47

inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis uflebebis dacva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

kerZo seqtori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

saqarTvelos samecniero-saganmanaTleblo kompiuteruli

qselebis asociacia (grena)

kritikuli infrastruqtura

koncefciebi, kanonebi da miznebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

erovnuli usafrTxoebis koncefcia

kiberusafrTxoebis strategia da samoqmedo gegma 2013-2015

evropis konvencia kiberdanaSaulis Sesaxeb

kanoni informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi

organizebul danaSaulTan brZolis erovnuli strategia

sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi eleqtronuli TvalTvalis Sesaxeb

daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

gamoyenebuli literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

7 |

I proeqtis Sesaxeb

`saqarTvelos kiberbarometri~ aris angariSi, romelic warmoad-

gens saqarTveloSi kiberdanaSaulsa da kibersafrTxeebze reagirebas-

Tan dakavSirebul sakiTxTa analizs. angariSi moamzada saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fondis saqar-

Tvelos usafrTxoebis analizis centris kibersakiTxebis eqsper t-

ma xaTuna mSvidobaZem. samuSao Sesrulda saqarTveloSi britaneTis saelCos ZalisxmeviTa da danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis britaneTis erovnuli saagentos iniciativiT.

angariSis mizania gamoavlinos kibersafrTxeebTan dakavSirebiT qveyanaSi arsebuli problemebi da maTze reagirebisa da brZolis Zlieri da susti mxareebi. angariSSi asaxulia saqarTveloSi internetteqno-

logiebze damokidebulebisa da zrdis maCvenebeli, kiberdanaSaulis done da tipebi, samarTaldacvis SesaZleblobebi, qmedebebi, inter-

netTan dakavSirebuli kritikuli infrastruqturis usafrTxoebis zomebi, ekonomikuri da socialuri perspeqtivebi, Sefasebebi da samo-

mavlo moqmedebisaTvis saWiro miTiTebebi. `saqarTvelos kiberbarome-

tri~ aris erTgvari gzamkvlevi, romelic warmoadgens rekomendaciebis CamonaTvals da romelic xels Seuwyobs britaneTis mTavrobis Zalisx-

mevas daexmaros saqarTvelos kibersafrTxeebTan gamklavebis saqmeSi.qveynis kiberusafrTxoebis mdgomareobis dasadgenad Catarda

safuZvliani kvleva, romelic moicavs interviuebs adgilobriv ki-

bereqspertebTan, kerZo biznesisa da samTavrobo struqturebis im warmomadgenlebTan, romlebic pasuxismgebeli arian qveynis kiber-

usafrTxoebaze.angariSis momzadebis procesSi gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis did mad-

lobas movaxsenebT qvemoT CamoTvlil yvela pirsa da organizacias. interviuebi aRebulia 2014-2015 wlebSi da amdenad, yvela moxseniebul pirs miTiTebuli aqvs am periodisaTvis arsebuli Tanamdebobrivi mdgo-

mareoba:

• irakli wiklauri, centraluri kriminaluri policiis departamen-

tis kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelos ufrosi, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro;

• tariel alaviZe, centraluri kriminaluri policiis departamen-

tis kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis sam marTvelos yofili ufrosi, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro;

• ivane kacitaZe, centraluri kriminaluri policiis departamen-

tis kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelos ufrosis moadgile, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro;

• oTar gabadaZe, centraluri kriminaluri policiis departamentis kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelos ufrosis yofi-

li moadgile, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro;

| 8

• aram paniani, deteqtivi, centraluri kriminaluri policiis depar-

tamentis kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelo, saqar-

Tvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro;

• giorgi pirveli, gamomZiebeli, centraluri kriminaluri policiis departamentis kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelo, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro;

• Salva kvinixiZe, saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa departamentis ufrosi, Sinagan saqmeTa saministro;

• mariam gogoreliani, prokurori, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ge-neralur inspeqciaSi, centraluri kriminaluri policiis depar-

tamentsa da sapatrulo policiis departamentSi gamoZiebis sap-roceso xelmZRvanelobis departamenti, saqarTvelos mTavari prokuratura;

• giorgi RibraZe, krizisebis marTvis erovnuli centris direqtoris moadgile, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo usafrTxoebisa da krizisebis marTvis sabWo;

• giorgi tieliZe, Sida usafrTxoebisa da sajaro wesrigis sakiTx-

Ta departamentis Sida safrTxeebis analizis samsaxuris ufrosi mrCeveli, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo usafrTxoebisa da krizisebis marTvis sabWo;

• irakli gvenetaZe, Tavmjdomare, monacemTa gacvlis saagento, saqar-

Tvelos iusticiis saministro;

• nata goderZiSvili, iuridiuli sammarTvelos ufrosi, monacemTa gacvlis saagento, saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro;

• irakli lomiZe, informaciuli usafrTxoebisa da politikis sam-marTvelos ufrosi, monacemTa gacvlis saagento, saqarTvelos ius-

ticiis saministro;

• daviT qvaTaZe, kompiuterul incindentebze swrafi reagirebis jgu-

fis xelmZRvaneli, monacemTa gacvlis saagento, saqarTvelos ius-

ticiis saministro;

• andria gociriZe, kiberusafrTxoebis biuros xelmZRvaneli, saqar-

Tvelos Tavdacvis saministro;

• jemal vaSakiZe, komunikaciebis, IT teqnologiebisa da inovaciebis departamentis Tavmjdomaris moadgile, saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro;

• ramaz qvaTaZe, aRmasrulebeli direqtori, saqarTvelos samecni-

ero-saganmanaTleblo kompiuteruli qselebis asociacia (grena);

• daviT tabataZe, servisis da produqtebis menejeri/CERT oficeri, grena;

9 |

• devid li, prezidenti, magTikomi;

• zurab axvlediani, informaciuli usafrTxoebis jgufis ufrosi, Tibisi banki;

• irakli qandaria, IT departamentis ufrosi, `APM Terminals~, foTis sazRvao porti;

• nino sariSvili, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebisa da komunikaciebis departamentis ufrosi, personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtoris ofisi.

winamdebare angariSSi warmodgenili mosazrebebi ekuTvnis avtors da SesaZloa ar gamoxatavdes danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis britane-

Tis erovnuli saagentos an didi britaneTis mTavrobis mosazrebebs.aqve gvinda gansakuTrebuli madloba movaxsenoT britaneTis sael-

Cos warmomadgenels, doqtor kristofer joiss da baton kristofer gofs proeqtze muSaobis periodSi CvenTvis gaweuli mxardaWerisa da sagulisxmo rCevebisTvis.

I reziume

mas Semdeg, rac bevri Cvenganis cxovrebis udidesi nawili damo-

kidebuli gaxda internetteqnologiebze, bunebrivia, virtualur samyaroSi gadmoinacvla socialuri arsebobis bnelma mxaremac _

narkotikebma, azartulma TamaSebma, prostituciam, pornografiam, xulignobam da sxva mravalma danaSaulma. am TvalsazrisiT gamonakliss arc saqarTvelos kibersivrce warmoadgens, miuxedavad misi gansxvave-buli maxasiaTeblebisa.

gaeros saerTaSoriso satelekomunikacio kavSiris (ITU) mier Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, 2014 wels internetiT sargeblobda qar-

Tvelebis daaxloebiT 49%. 2014 wlis oqtomberSi mobilur internetSi CarTuli mosaxleobis raodenoba Seadgenda 1.88 milions. miuxedavad imisa, rom ar arsebobs saqarTvelos oficialuri erovnuli statis-

tika eleqtronul vaWrobasa da onlainbankingSi SeRwevadobis Sesaxeb, internetteqnologiebze damokidebulebis maRali maCvenebeli erT-

gvarad ganapirobebs am TvalsazrisiT SeRwevadobis zrdis maCvenebel-

sac. dRes ufro meti adamiani flobs sadebeto Tu sakredito baraTebs, vidre uaxloes warsulSi. sakredito Tu sadebeto baraTebis mzardi moxmareba bunebrivad iwvevs onlainSesyidvebisa da onlainmiwodebis indikatoris zrdas. aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelo unda moemzados finansuri onlaindanaSaulis zrdasTan sabrZolvelad, rac Tan axlavs qveynis ekonomikur, komerciul ganviTarebas da eleqtronul komunika-

ciebze damokidebulebis zrdas.

| 10

kiberkriminalis ukeT gasagebad britaneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-trosTvis (anu e.w. British Home Offi ce) momzadebuli angariSi ganixilavs kiberdanaSaulis diqotomias. britanelebi kiberdanaSauls yofen or kategoriad _ kiberdamokidebul danaSaulad da kiberSesaZlebel dana-

Saulad. amerikelebi ki kiberdanaSaulSi mesame kategoriasac gamo yofen

_ kompiuterincidentur danaSauls. aseT SemTxvevaSi kompiuteris ga-moyeneba SesaZloa faqtobrivi danaSaulisgan periferiulad moxdes.

centraluri kriminaluri policiis departamentis kiberdanaSau-

lis sammarTvelos warmomadgenlebma CvenTan saubrisas ganacxades, rom 2014 wels saqarTveloSi registrirebuli kiberdanaSaulis raodenoba daaxloebiT 200 SemTxvevas Seadgenda. iseT patara qveyanaSic ki, ro-

goric saqarTveloa, kiberdanaSaulis maCvenebeli sakmaod dabalia da, savaraudod, SesaZloa arasrulyofilad asaxavdes kiberdanaSaulis realur maCvenebels. amasTanave, saqarTveloSi momxdari kiberdana-

Saulis umravlesoba ar aris arc gansakuTrebiT SemoqmedebiTi, arc teqnologiurad daxvewili da arc Zalian maRali riskebis Semcveli. savaraudod, albaT arseboben maRali teqnikuri unarebiT dajildoe-

buli qarTveli kiberkriminalebi, romlebmac ician rusuli, inglisu-

ri Tu sxva enebi da, aqedan gamomdinare, isini SesaZloa TavianT unarebs iyeneben kidec ufro sarfiani miznebisaTvis. amasTan, Tuki gaviTva-

liswinebT kiberdanaSaulis zrdis msoflio tendencias, SeiZleba kiberdanaSaulis SemTxvevebma saqarTveloSic ufro seriozuli da xSiri xasiaTi miiRos.

virtualur samyaroSi kiberdanaSaulTan erTad fexi moikida kiberSpionaJma da kiberomma da am mxriv arc saqarTveloa gamonaklisi. gasakviri ar aris, rom saqarTveloSi upiratesoba ufro kiberSpiona-

Jisa da kiberomis winaaRmdeg brZolas eniWeba, vidre kiberkriminalis winaaRmdeg. 2008 wlis Semdeg saqarTvelom bevri ram gaakeTa kiber-

usafrTxoebis SesaZleblobebis gasaumjobeseblad, Tumca am mimar-

TulebiT gacilebiT metia gasakeTebeli. kiberusafrTxoebas jer kidev bevri uyurebs, rogorc erT-erT rigiT rutinul saqmes, garda im ada-

mianebisa, romlebic uSualod arian dakavebuli qveynis kibersivrcis usafr Txoebis uzrunvelyofiT.

2015 wlis bolosTvis dagegmilia kiberstrategiisa da samoqmedo gegmis Sualeduri gadaxedva, sadac aisaxeba mkafio, specifikuri da konkretuli miznebi. amavdroulad, saqarTvelo ganagrZobs arsebuli kanonebis gadaxedvis process, raTa kidev ufro miusadagos qarTuli kanonmdebloba evropis konvencias kiberdanaSaulis Sesaxeb. es ki Ta-

visTavad moiTxovs cvlilebebisa da ganaxlebis mudmiv process. am pro-

cesTan mimarTebiT ori problema iCens Tavs. pirveli _ samTavrobo da kerZo seqtors Soris TanamSromlobis nakleboba, xolo meore _ kvali-

ficiuri da profesionali kadrebis deficiti. saqarTvelos samTavrobo struqturebis ZiriTadi koordinatoris

funqcia aqvs saxelmwifo usafrTxoebisa da krizisebis marTvis sabWos, romelic uSualod premier-ministrs eqvemdebareba. bolos Catarebu-

11 |

li sakonstitucio reformebis Semdeg swored am sabWoSia Tavmoyrili realuri politikuri Zala. qveynis kiberusafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT erT-erTi didi moTamaSe samTavrobo struqturebidan aris iustici-

is saministro, kerZod, misi monacemTa gacvlis saagento (DEA), romlis daqvemdebarebaSi aseve Sedis kompiuterul incidentebze swrafi re-

agirebis jgufi (CERT). meore didi moTamaSe Sss-is centraluri krimi-

naluri policiis departamentis kiberdanaSaulTan brZolis sammarT-

veloa. kiberdanaSaulTan brZolis sammarTvelo da monacemTa gacvlis saagento dReisaTvis saTanadod arian aRWurvili da kibersafrTxeeb-

sac, arsebuli SesaZleblobebisa Tu resursebis farglebSi, Sesabamisad pasuxoben, magram SesaZloa samomavlod garkveuli sirTuleebi Seeqm-naT, rasac qveyanaSi kargad gawvrTnili kiberprofesionalebis nakle-

boba gamoiwvevs. miuxedavad imisa, rom 2008 wlidan dRemde saqarTvelom mniSvnelo-

vani nabijebi gadadga kiberusafrTxoebis gasaZliereblad, kidev bevria gasakeTebeli. arsebul problemasTan brZola moiTxovs mizanmimarTuli da Tanmimdevruli kiberpolitikis gatarebas, romelic prioritetuls gaxdis kibersafrTxeebTan brZolas da arsebul problematikas saxel-

mwifo doneze aiyvans. kiberusafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa da kiberdana-

SaulTan brZola globaluri problemaa da am gamowvevebTan gamklaveba aseve moiTxovs mWidro TanamSromlobas saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan da megobar saxelmwifoebTan.

61-67 gverdebze gTavazobT Cveni dakvirvebebis safuZvelze Semu-

Savebul rekomendaciebs.

I Sesavali _ msoflio konteqsti

verc erTma sxva teqnologiurma miRwevam ver SeZlo iseTi gavle nis moxdena msoflio sazogadoebaze, rogoric bolo 20-25 wlis manZilze eleqtronulad daprogramebuli kompiuterisa da farTod xelmi saw -

vdomi internetis erTobliobam. internetteqnologiebis msof lio masStabiT gamoyeneba dRiTidRe udidesi siswrafiT izr deba. magaliT-

ad, sul raRac Svidi wlis manZilze, ruseT-saqarTvelos kinetikuri da kiberomis Semdeg, msoflioSi internetis ga moyenebis maCvenebeli gaormagda. `internetis msoflio statistikis~ mixedviT, daaxloebiT sam miliard adamianze meti, msoflio mosaxle obis 45%, dRes internetis momxmarebelia.1 2006-dan 2012 wlam de xelmisawvdomi gamtarianoba wamSi 6.7 terabaitidan2 92.1 terabaitamde gaizarda. eqspertebis prognoziT, 2018 wlisTvis gamtarianoba wamSi 607 terabaitamde, xolo 2020 wlisT-

vis wamSi 1100 terabaitamde gaizrdeba.3 es niSnavs, rom internets sul ufro meti adamiani moixmars.

| 12

dRes, TiTqmis yvela sxva dargebTan erTad, samTavrobo da samxed-

ro infrastruqturac internetTan dakavSirebuli kompiuteruli sistemebiT imarTeba. es SesaZleblobebis, Sedegianobisa da komfortis uprecedento saSualebas iZleva. internetteqnologiebi xels uwyobs ekonomikuri keTildReobis zrdas, cxovrebis xarisxis gaumjobese-

bas, informaciis martivad wvdomas da socialur-politikur urTier-

Tobebs. mTavrobebs, magaliTad, SeuZliaT informaciisa da servisebis onlainmiwodeba da krizisebis onlainmarTva. interneti dRiTidRe iZens gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom internetis swrafi zrda mowyvladobis axal aspeqtebsac aCens. dRes kibersivrcis gamo qveynebs axal mniSvnelo-

van safrTxeebTan uwevT gamklaveba. rogorc natos strategiul kon-

cefciaSia aRniSnuli, `kiberSetevebi gaxda ufro xSiri, ufro or-

ganizebuli da ufro meti zianis momtani mTavrobebis, biznesis, ekonomikisTvis, agreTve transportirebisa da miwodebis qselebi-

sa da sxva kritikuli infrastruqturisTvis; amgvari Setevebi safrTxes uqmnis erovnul da evroatlantikur keTildReobas, usafr-

Txoebas da stabilurobas~.4 es exeba natos partnior qveynebsac da maT Soris _ saqarTvelosac.

mas Semdeg, rac bevri Cvenganis cxovrebis didi nawili kompiuterul-

ma teqnologiebma moicva, sulac ar aris gasakviri, rom virtualur samyaroSi gadmoinacvla socialuri arsebobis bnelma mxaremac _ narko-

tikebma, azartulma TamaSebma, prostituciam, pornografiam, ugunurma xulignobam da sxva. qvemoT mocemulia danaSaulis im tipebis CamonaTva-

li, romlebic kompiuteruli qselebis gamoyenebiT xdeba:

• hakingi _ kompiuterul sistemaSi an qselSi susti mxareebis moZiebiT aralegalurad SeRweva, rac safrTxes uqmnis mo-

nacemTa konfidencialurobas, mTlianobasa da xelmisawv-

domobas.

• mavne programebis gavrceleba sxvadasxva miznis misaRwe-

vad, rac safrTxes uqmnis monacemTa konfidencialurobas, mTlianobasa Tu xelmisawvdomobas.

• DDoS Seteva (distributed denial of service attacks), ris Sedegadac mflobeli an uflebamosili momxmarebeli kargavs sistemis marTvis sadaveebs. Tavdamsxmeli botnetebis _ daviruse-

buli zombi kompiuterebis qselis meSveobiT didi raode-

nobis informacias tvirTavs vebgverdebsa da serverebze.

• piradi monacemebis qurdoba, rac SesaZloa gamoiyenon fu-

lis mosaparad an gamosaZalad.

• kanonis gverdis avliT momxmareblisTvis kompiuteruli qseliT iseTi wamlebis miyidva, romelTa gayidvac Cveuleb-

riv garkveul kontrols eqvemdebareba.

13 |

• TaRliToba, ̀ fiSingis~ CaTvliT, rac gulisxmobs damajere-

beli, yalbi eleqtronuli gzavnilis gagzavnas da infor-

maciis mopovebas internetTaRliTobis, motyuebis gziT; sabanko informaciis wvdomis mopoveba motyuebiT da sxva.

• bavSvTa pornografia, kerZod, arasrulwlovanTa seqsua-

luri gamosaxulebebis floba da gavrceleba; mozar-

dTa SerCeva da specialurad momzadeba seqsualuri eqs-ploataciisaTvis.

• kiberdevna/daSineba.

• kibervandalizmi, monacemTa Secvla an xulignobis, an politikuri Tu sxva miznebisTvis.

• kiberSpionaJi _ SpionaJi ukanonoa TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi, Tumca umetes qveynebSi kontrdazverva warmoadgens samar-

Taldacvisa da erovnuli usafrTxoebis nazavs.

britaneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosTvis momzadebuli angariSi kiberkriminalis ukeT gasagebad gvTavazobs kiberdanaSaulis diqoto-

mias, romelic Sedgeba kiberdamokidebuli danaSaulisa da kiberSesaZ-

lebeli danaSaulisagan. am angariSSi warmodgenili gansazRvrebiT, `kiberdamokidebuli da-

naSauli aris im tipis danaSauli, romlis Cadenac SesaZlebelia mxolod kompiuteris, kompiuteruli qselebis an sxva informaciuli da komu-

nikaciuri teqnologiebis (ICT) gamoyenebiT~. aseT danaSaulTa ricxvSia hakingi, mavne programebis gavrcelda da DDoS-is Setevebi.5 kiberdamo-

kidebuli danaSauli igivea, rac gamiznuli kiberdanaSauli _ am termins ufro xSirad iyeneben aSS-Si.6

kiberSesaZlebeli danaSauli ki, zemoaRniSnuli angariSis mixedviT, `aris tradiciuli saxis danaSauli, romlis masStabi izrdeba kompiu-

terebis, kompiuteruli qselebis an ICT-is sxva formebis gamo yenebiT~.7

magaliTad, qurdoba, TaRliToba da seqsualuri eqsploatacia odiT-

ganve arsebobs kacobriobaSi, magram internetteqnologiebi am sa-

xis danaSaulis Cadenis axal saSualebebs iZleva. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kompiuteruli teqnologiebis farTod gamoyeneba da misi efeqturo-

ba zrdis kidec am danaSaulTa moqmedebis Zalasa da masStabebs. kiber-

SesaZlebel danaSauls amerikuli terminologiiT instrumentuli kiberdanaSauli hqvia.8

britanuli diqotomia imis saSualebas gvaZlevs, rom ukeT gavi goT kiberdanaSaulis buneba. Tumca wminda diqotomiuri midgoma aseve xazs usvams im albaTobas, rom CanawerTa Senaxvis sistemaSi SeiZleba kiberS-

esaZlebeli danaSaulis aRricxva arasaTanadod moxdes, rac, Se sa-

bamisad, kiberdanaSaulis SemTxvevebis araswor statistikas mogvcems. araswori statistika ki, Tavis mxriv, xels SeuSlis samomavlo kvlevebsa da sagamoZiebo saqmianobas, rac erTob mniSvnelovania am sferosaTvis.

| 14

problemis mosagvareblad londonis policiam, britaneTis ekonomiku-

ri danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis samarTaldamcavma organom da TaR-

liTobis winaaRmdeg brZolis erovnuli dazvervis biurom Seqmnes veb-gverdi saxelwodebiT Action Fraud (TaRliToba).9

es vebgverdi, rogorc britaneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mox-

senebaSia aRniSnuli, `Setyobinebebs iRebs sazogadoebisa da biznesis sferos warmomadgenlebisgan iseT danaSaulTa SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb, romlebic klasificirdeba Semdegnairad: TaRliToba, kiberTaRli-

Toba, kiberdanaSauli, kompiuteruli teqnologiebis SemTxveviTi an mizanmimarTuli gamoyeneba. Action Fraud-i aRricxul SemTxvevebs HOCR-is [Home Offi ce Counting Rules _ britaneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros aRricxvianobis wesi] sakanonmdeblo debulebebisa da moTxovnebis Sesa-bamisad afasebs. rodesac Setyobineba ar aRiricxeba HOCR-is mier gan-sazRvrul danaSaulTa mixedviT, Action Fraud-i mas axarisxebs rogorc incidents, romelsac informaciulobisa da sadazvervo miznebisTvis calkeulad aRricxavs.~10 Action Fraud-is meTodi iZleva kiberdanaSaulis aRricxvianobis bevrad ufro farTo speqtrs, vidre SesaZlebeli iyo tradiciuli Setyobinebisa da dafiqsirebis sistemis saSualebiT.

amerikelebis midgoma odnav gansxvavdeba britanulisgan. is efuZne-

ba kiberdanaSaulis triqotomiul midgomas, sadac mesame kategoriad damatebulia kompiuterincidenturi (SemTxveviTi) kategoria. aseT SemTxvevebSi kompiuteris gamoyeneba SesaZloa Tavad danaSaulisgan periferiulad xdebodes. magaliTad, kompiuteri SesaZloa inaxavdes narkotikis gamsaReblis klientTa sias an is SeiZleba gamoiyenon dana-

Saulis Casadenad saWiro informaciis moZiebisTvis.11 kompiuteruli teqnologiebis moxmarebis zrda zrdis misi incidenturi (anu damate-

biTi, meoreuli daniSnulebiT) gamoyenebis maCvenebels lamis nebis-mieri saxis danaSaulSi.

udavoa, rom dRiTidRe izrdeba samive tipis kiberdanaSaulis ricx-

vi, rasac TavisTavad uwyobs xels internetSi CarTuli kompiuterebis didi raodenoba. 2013 wlis dekembris angariSSi Gartner, internetkvle-

veb ze momuSave erT-erTi wamyvani kompania, werda, rom `momxmareblebi sul ufro da ufro Sordebian tradiciul personalur kompiuterebs (nouTbukebsa da magidis kompiuterebs), romlebic sul ufro metad xdeba saziaro Sinaaris gacvlis instrumenti, tabletebis, hibridebisa da msubuqi nouTbukebis moqniloba ki ufro metad Seesabameba momxmare-

belTa gansxvavebul da mzard moTxovnebs~.12

EMarketer-is statistika gviCvenebs, rom 2015 wlis bolosTvis smart-

fonis momxmarebelTa ricxvi 1.91 miliards miaRwevs, xolo 2016 wels 2.16 miliardi adamiani internetSi smartfonebis saSualebiT CaerTve-

ba.13 danaSauli jer onlainsivrceSi gahyva adamianebs, axla ki mobiluri mowyobilobebidanac gavrcelda.14

ra Tqma unda, kiberdanaSauli ar moqmedebs mxolod internetisa da smartfonebis SeRwevis xarjze. finansuri kiberdanaSaulis zrda, maga-liTad, aseve damokidebulia sufTa Semosavalisa da eleqtronuli vaW-

15 |

robis zrdaze, sakredito baraTebis, onlainbiznesis warmoebis, onlain-

bankingis zrdasa da sxva msgavs faqtorebze.EMarketer-is prognoziT, biznessa da momxmarebels Soris eleqtro-

nuli vaWroba 2015 wels 1.6 trilion dolars miaRwevs, 2018 wels ki _ 2.5 trilion dolars. am TvalsazrisiT, CineTi pirvel adgils ikavebs absoluturi moculobis mixedviT; Tumca mas dabali maCvenebeli aqvs Tavisi mosaxleobis mier onlainSesyidvebis kuTxiT. am mxriv liderobs britaneTi, germania da iaponia.15

aRsaniSnavia, rom SeerTebul Statebs, romlis mTliani Sida pro-

duqti erT sul mosaxleze ufro maRalia, vidre britaneTisa, gaci-

lebiT dabali maCvenebeli aqvs eleqtronul vaWrobasa da onlainbank-

ingSi SeRwevadobis TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, aSS-is eleqtronuli vaWrobis maCvenebeli daaxloebiT britaneTis maCveneblis naxevaria. es gamowveulia sxvadasxva sociologiuri faqtoriT, ZiriTad ekonome-

triul indikatorebTan erTad. radganac kiberdanaSauli korelirebs iseT aqtivobebTan, rogoricaa eleqtronuli vaWroba da onlainbankin-

gi, amitom rTulia kibedanaSauliT gamowveuli finansuri danakargebis interpolireba globaluri kalkulaciidan erovnul kalkulaciaSi.

eleqtronuli vaWrobis zrda 1.6 trilioni dolaridan 2.5 tri lion dolaramde kidev ufro gazrdis da mimzidvels gaxdis onlaindana-

Sauls. kiberdanaSauli sul ufro masStabur saxes miiRebs. samwu xarod, rTulia kiberdanaSauliT gamowveuli monetaruli Rirebulebis sru-

lad gansazRvra. ramdenime angariSgasawevi organizaciis kvlevebi didad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. gansxvavebebia kiberdanaSaulis gansazRvrebebsa da raodenobis gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebul meTo-

dologiebSic. aseve rTulia garkveuli saxis kiberdanaSauliT ga-

mowveuli finansuri zaralis gansazRvra. magaliTad, rogor unda gani-sazRvros erTi saxelmwifos mier meore saxelmwifosgan moparuli SeiaraRebis sistemis gaumjobesebuli sqemisa Tu dizainis monetaruli Rirebuleba? amasTan, SemTxvevaTa didi nawili daufiqsirebeli rCeba informaciis arqonis, reputaciaze zrunvis, erovnuli usafrTxoebisa da kidev bevri sxva mizezis gamo. dabolos, kvlevis meTodologiis arCe-

va sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisisa da midgomis sakiTxia.miuxedavad yvelafrisa, arian organizaciebi, romlebic cdiloben

sxvadasxva meTodologiis gamoyenebiT kiberdanaSauliT gamowveuli fuladi zaralis ramenairad daangariSebas. magaliTad, 2013 wlis nor-

tonis angariSi (Norton Report) kiberdanaSauliT miRebuli zaralis wli-

ur odenobas 113 miliard dolarad afasebs. es maCvenebeli 2012 wels 110 miliard dolars Seadgenda.16 gacilebiT ufro meti sifrTxiliT ekide-

ba am sakiTxs makafi (McAfee) da vaSingtonis strategiisa da saerTaSo-

riso kvlevebis (CSIS) organizacia, romlis meTodologia dafuZnebulia sakmaod rTul ekonometriul midgomaze. `kiberdanaSauliTa da kiber-

SpionaJiT gamowveuli finansuri danakargis zusti odenobis dadgena SeuZlebeli amocanaa, _ aRniSnulia McAfee-sa da CSIS-is kvlevaSi, _ Tum-

ca SesaZlebelia SemuSavdes potenciuri danakargis SedarebiT ufro

| 16

zusti sazomi~. maTi mosazrebiT, Semdgom kvlevebSi kiberdanaSauliT gamowveuli danakargis zRvari 80 miliardi dolaridan 400 miliard dolaramde imeryevebs, rac, cxadia, did sxvaobas da sakmao Seusabamobas iZleva nortonis kvlevasTan. Semdgomi kvlevisTvis McAfee-CSIS-is gun-

di oTx ZiriTad sakiTxs ganixilavs:17

• SesaZlebelia Tu ara `dasaSvebi Rirebulebis~ gansazR-

vrisTvis imdenad zusti analogiebis SemuSaveba, rom saSualeba mogveces kiberdanaSauliT gamowveuli da-

nakargi davadginoT? `dasaSvebi Rirebulebis~ analizis sirTule erTgvar Seusabamobas iwvevs uflebamosili pirebis mier miRebul rig gadawyvetilebebTan. axal da efeqtian kompiuterul sistemebze damokidebulebis zrdis gadawyvetilebiT isini, xSir SemTxvevaSi, ugule-

belyofen im riskfaqtorebs, romlebic am process ax-lavs Tan.

• aris Tu ara TavdamsxmelebisTvis mniSvnelovani teq-

nologiuri monapovari kibersaSualebiT teqnolo-

giebis ukanonod miTviseba, ramac SesaZloa dazarale-

buli ekonomikis grZelvadiani xarjebi gamoiwvios Tu hakeroba mxolod umniSvnelo gavlenas axdens rogorc Tavdamsxmelis, ise msxverplis ekonomikur saqmianobaze (unda aRiniSnos, rom aman SeiZleba damangrevlad imoqme-

dos calkeul kompaniebze)?

• amcireben Tu ara kompaniebi xarjebs, rogorc biznesis warmoebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Cveuli proceduris dros xdeba xolme, Tu saTanadod ver afaseben zianisa da zara-

lis namdvil masStabebs?

• aris Tu ara zaralis dolaris RirebulebiT gazomva kiberSpionaJiTa da kiberdanaSauliT miRebuli zianis Se-sabamisi sazomi da xom ar ugulebelyofs es iseT aramate-

rialur xarjebs, rogoricaa, magaliTad, saerTaSoriso sistemis mimarT ndoba an samxedro Zalaze zegavlena?

2014 wels McAfee-sa da CSIS -is kvlevis avtorebma wina wlis angariSis ganaxlebuli versia gamoaqveynes. 2014 wlis angariSis mixedviT, kiber-

danaSauliT miRebuli wliuri zarali 375 miliardi dolaradan 575 mi-liardi dolaris farglebSi meryeobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom garekve -

uli winsvla aqvT daangariSebis TvalsazrisiT, kvlevis avtorebma mainc ver SeZles mocemul cifrebs Soris arsebuli didi sxvaobis aRmofxvra. amrigad, avtorebi Semdegnairad aRweren im sam meTodologiur midgo-

mas, romelmac ganapiroba kvlevis Sedegebi:

17 |

`Tuki Cven gamoviyenebdiT mxolod maRali Semo-

savlebis mqone qveynebis zaralis/xarjis maCveneblebs globaluri ricxvis eqstrapolirebis mizniT, maSin mi-viRebdiT saerTo globalur Rirebulebas 575 miliardi dolaris odenobiT. Tuki Cven gamoviyenebdiT yvela im qveynis (sadac informaciis xelmisawvdomoba am Tval-

sazrisiT problemas ar warmoadgens) zaralis/xarjis srul maCveneblebs da amgvarad movaxdendiT saerTo globaluri ricxvis eqstrapolirebas, es mogvcemda saerTo globalur Rirebulebas 375 miliardi dola-

ris odenobiT. dabolos, mesame meTodologiis Tanax-

mad, Tuki regionuli Semosavlebis xvedriTi wilis Sesabamisad gamovTvlidiT saerTo maCvenebels, maSin miviRebdiT saerTo globalur Rirebulebas 445 mili-

ardi dolaris odenobiT. aqedan arc erTi midgoma ar aris damakmayofilebeli, Tumca sanam aRricxvianobisa da monacemTa Segrovebis meTodika daixveweba, amgvari midgoma mogvcems saSualebas miaxloebiT ganvsazRvroT kiberdanaSauliTa da kiberSpionaJiT gamowveuli dana-

kargi da mTliani xarjebi~.18

zemoT moyvanili oTxi kiTxva, miuxedevad maT mimarT arsebuli

interesisa, erTgvar pasuxs scems or fundamentur sakiTxs: pirveli

_ kiberdanaSaulTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis gamoTvla Zalian rTu-

lia da dolaris calke aRebuli maCvenebeli SesaZloa arc ki iyos

yvelaze mniSvnelovani sazomi. meore _ am SekiTxvebze pasuxi aseve

SesaZloa moicavdes msoflios msxvili ekonomikis qveynebSi arsebul

socialur-kulturul da garemo faqtorebs. yovelive es ki globa-

luri Tanxebis interpolaciis nebismier mcdelobaze iqoniebs gavle-

nas ekonomikuri maCveneblis lokalur doneze dayvanis kuTxiT.

ponmonis instituti, romelsac afinansebs Hewlett Packard-i, kiber-

danaSauliT gamowveuli danakargis gansazRvrisas absoluturad sxva midgomas irCevs. kiberdanaSaulis mTliani globaluri an Tundac erovnuli Rirebulebis dadgenis nacvlad, ponmonis instituti ata-

rebs specialur gamokiTxvas sxvadasxva qveynis garkveul kompaniebSi da wliuri Sedegebis mixedviT adgens tendencias. ponmonis institu-

tis 2014 wlis kvleva moicavs 257 kompanias avstraliaSi, safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, iaponiaSi, britaneTSi, SeerTebul Statebsa da ruseTSi. es ukanaskneli pirvelad Seiyvanes ponmonis institutis am kvlevaSi.

angariSi aCvenebs monawile kompaniebis monacemebs Soris arsebul mniSvnelovan gansaxvavebebs. 2014 wlis angariSis Tanaxmad, yvelaze maRa-

li saSualo Rirebulebis maCvenebeli, 12.7 milioni dolari, aqvs ameri-

kis SeerTebul Statebs, xolo ruseTs _ yvelaze dabali _ 3.3 milioni dolari. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom wina welTan SedarebiT eqvsive qveynis (ruseTis gamoklebiT) kvlevaSi monawile kompaniebis kiberdanaSauliT

| 18

gamowveuli xarjebi sagrZnoblad gaizarda. magaliTad, 2.7 procentiT iaponiisTvis da 22.7 procentiT britaneTisTvis. sufTa procentuli zrda 2013 da 2014 fiskalur wlebs Soris19 (ruseTis magaliTis gamok-

lebiT) iyo 10.4 procenti. cxadia, rom organizaciebis winaaRmdeg kiberdanaSauli mzardia.

ponmonis kvleviT Tanaxmad, monawile 257 organizaciis saSualo wliur-

ma kiberRirebulebam, 2014 wels, 7.6 milioni dolari Seadgina, 0.5 mili-

oni dolaridan 61 milioni dolaris farglebSi TiToeul kompaniaze.20

`faqtebi metyvelebs imaze, rom mdgomareoba gaumjobesebis na-

cvlad uaresdeba, miuxedavad mTeli im resursebisa, rasac kompaniebi kibersafrTxeebis winaaRmdeg brZolisTvis xarjaven~, _ ambobs lari ponmoni, institutis xelmZRvaneli.21

Setevis tipebis qveynebis mixedviT gansxvavebuli maCvenebeli aseve ewinaaRmdegeba globaluri Tu calkeuli ganviTarebuli qveynebis maCveneblebis interpolirebas naklebad ganviTarebuli qveynebis maCveneblebSi.

yvela erTxmad aRiarebs, rom msoflio kiberdanaSauli sayuradRe-

bo da mzardia. amasTan, kiberdanaSaulis imdeni nacionaluri variacia iqneba, ramdeni qveyanac aris. am safrTxis mimarT arc erT qveyanas ar aqvs gamomuSavebuli imuniteti. kiberdanaSaulis tendenciebs kargad asaxavs kompiuterul usafrTxoebaze momuSave kompaniebis mier Catare-

buli uamravi kvleva. kompiuteruli usafrTxoebis kompania EMC-is 2015 wlis angariSSi

gamoyofilia oTxi ZiriTadi tendencia:

| pirveli kiberkriminali, rogorc sabazro momsaxureba, nel-nela ufro daixveweba. maRali konkurenciis pirobebSi kiber-

kriminalebma SesaZloa ufaso sacdeli servisebis, garan-

tiebisa da, servisebis ganmeorebiT gamoyenebis SemTx-

vevaSi, fasdaklebis SeTavazebis taqtikasac ki mimarTon. | meore mobilur mowyobilobebze Tavdasxmebis zrdis safrTxe.

`Tuki mxedvelobaSi miviRebT smartfonebis moxmarebis zrdis temps msoflioSi, yuradReba am mimarTulebiT ufro gaizrdeba~, _ aRniSnulia angariSSi. angariSSi aseve xazgasmulia mobiluri gadaxdis sistemebis mimarT kiberTavdasxmis SemTxvevebis mosalodneli zrdac.

| mesame finansur institutebze Tavdasxmis SemTxvevebis zrda,

rac kiberkriminalebisTvis bevrad ufro noyieri da

momgebiani samiznea.

| meoTxe `mosalodnelia APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) da msgav-

si Tavdasxmebis strategiis gamoyeneba rigi saxelm-

wifoebidan kidev ufro gaizardos regionaluri kon-

fliqtebis dros. kriminaluri dajgufebebi ki ufro intensiurad Seecdebian saxelmwifoebis mier gamo-

yenebuli taqtikis aTvisebasa da gamoyenebas~.22

19 |

rogorc smartfonebisa da sxva mowyobilobebis moxmarebis zrdas mohyva kiberdanaSaulis zrda, iseve moxdeba saganTa internetis [ingl. Internet of things (IoT)] zrdis SemTxvevaSic. internetprotokolis axali versiis _ IPv6 (ingl. Internet Protocol version 6) SemoRebasTan, kompiute-

ruli mecnierebis ganviTarebasa da miniaturizebasTan erTad mTeli rigi axali kompiuteruli teqnologiebi iqmneba, romelTa usafrTxo-

ebac ukiduresad mniSvnelovani iqneba. saganTa interneti (IoT) moicavs yvelafers, rasac aqvs IP-misamarTi, xolo IPv6 iZleva IP-misamarTebis zrdis usazRvrod did saSualebas.23

es sagnebi SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad, gulis monitorebi, bioCipebi, manqanis kompiuterebi, saxlisa Tu ofisis Termostatebi, smartmowyo-

bilobebi da a.S. saganTa interneti SesaZlebels gaxdis macivrebisa da televizorebis distanciur SekeTebasa da, aseve, sxva mniSvnelovani procesebis realur droSi monitorings. saganTa internets uamravi upiratesoba aqvs, Tumca is aseve zrdis kiberborotmoqmedebis areals.ukve dafiqsirda botnetis, davirusebuli zombi kompiuterebis qselSi CarTuli smarttelevizoris, audiospikerisa (mosaubris) da macivris spamSetyobinebebis gagzavnis erTi SemTxveva.24 es saSiSroeba ukve dae-

muqra ganviTarebul qveynebs. SesaZloa saqarTveloSi msgavsi ram jer kidev Soreul perspeqtivad miaCndeT, Tumca dasaSvebia, rom aman gaci-

lebiT adre iCinos Tavi, vidre mosalodnelia. saganTa internetis zrdam SesaZloa gamoiwvios iseTi tipis danaSaulis zrda, rogoricaa kardiostimulatorebisa Tu manqanis kompiuteruli sistemebis hakingi.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom onlainsamyaroSi, danaSaulisa da adamianuri mankierebis mravalnair aspeqtTan erTad, Tavi iCina saukuneebis manZil-

ze adamianis arsebobisaTvis damaxasiaTebelma orma qmedebam _ Spio-

naJma da omma.kiberSpionaJis SemTxvevebi lamis yovelkvira xdeba. magali Tad,

Snake-Uroburos-Turla-s SpionaJurma kiberiaraRma, romelic ukrainis kriziss ukavSirdeba, didi gamoxmaureba hpova saerTaSoriso presaSi. es SemTxveva presaSi gaxmaurda evromaidanis movlenebis dros, rasac ukrainis yofili prezidentis, viqtor ianukoviCis, qveynidan gaqceva da ruseTis mier yirimis dapyroba mohyva. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom Snake, sagangebod kiberSpionaJisTvis Seqmnili es mravalfunqciuri kiber-

iaraRi, romlis samiznec umTavresad iyo ukraina da litva, ukve didi xa-nia, cnobil movlenebamde bevrad adre, gamoiyeneba am qveynebis winaaRm-

deg. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa kasperskis laboratoriis daskvnac, romlis mixedviTac Snake-i Agent.btz-is _ kiberSpionaJisaTvis gamiznu-

li adreuli Wiavirusis _ monaTesavea, radgan am ori kiberiaraRis xel-

wera Zalian hgavs erTamenTs. Agent.btz-i ki, Tavis mxriv, imdenad efeqtu-

ri iyo, rom amerikel eqspertebs 2008 wels weliwadze meti dasWirdaT mis-gan SeerTebuli Statebis mTavrobis kompiuteruli qselis gasawmendad. es operacia cnobilia saxelwodebiT `bekSot ianki~ (Backshot Yankee.)25

amrigad, SpionaJi aris danaSaulis tipi, romelic arsebobs da vrceldeba kibersivrceSic.

| 20

saqarTvelos monacemebi

mosaxleoba: daaxl. 4.5 mln. adamiani

dedaqalaqi: Tbilisi, daaxl. 1.2 mln. macxovrebliT

mTliani Sida produqti (IMF-is mixedviT): 16.5 mlrd. aSS

dolari

mTliani Sida produqti erT sul mosaxleze (nominaluri

Rirebulebebi IMF-is mixedviT): 3,700 aSS dolari

mTliani Sida produqtis zrda: 4.8%

mTavrobis eleqtronuli portalis URL: www. my.gov.ge

msoflio ekonomikuri forumis mixedviT qseluri

mzadyofnis indeqsiT (NRI-Network Readiness Index): me-60 adgili 148 qveynidan

gaeros eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis ganviTarebis

indeqsiT: 56-e adgili 193 wevri qveynidan

I saqarTvelos mimoxilva

21 |

sainformacio-sakomunikacio eleqtronuli

I teqnologiebis gamoyeneba

(ICT - Information and Communications Technology)

2015 wlis `msoflio ekonomikuri forumis~ globaluri sain-

formacio teqnologiis angariSis mixedviT, 2014 wels qseluri mzad-

yofnis indeqsiT (NRI – Network Readiness Index) saqarTvelo 148 qveyanas Soris me-60 adgils ikavebs.26 2013 welTan SedarebiT, saqarTvelo 5 poziciiT dawinaurda.27 NRI zomavs qveynis ekonomikur mzadyofnas ga-moiyenos ICT teqnologiebi konkurentunarianobisa da keTildReobis gasaumjobeseb lad. kerZod, is afasebs, Tu rogoria arsebuli mdgo-

mareoba ICT-is infrastruqturis gansaviTareblad; biznesi da mare-

gulirebeli garemo; inovacia da konkurenciis done; zegavlena ekono-

mikur ganviTarebaze; moqalaqeebis, bizneswreebisa da samTavrobo organizaciebis mzadyofna; sainformacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebisa da warmoebis done qveyanaSi.

gaeros saerTaSoriso satelekomunikacio kavSiris (ITU) mier Catare-

buli kvlevis Tanaxmad, 2014 wels internetiT sargeblobda saqarTve-

los mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 49%.28 am TvalsazrisiT ufro detalur analizs asaxavs saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis 2014 wlis oqtombris angariSi.

angariSis mixedviT, 2014 wlis oqtombris monacemebiT, qveyana-

Si aris daaxloebiT internetservisis provaideri 100 kompania da 603000 abonenti.29 am mimarTulebiT, abonentebis ricxovnobis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi ori kompania liderobs:

• `silqneti~ _ 234,542• `kavkasus onlaini~ _ 156,458

angariSis Tanaxmad, 2014 wels abonentTa raodenobis mixedviT internetis moxmareba, wina welTan SedarebiT, daaxloebiT 14.4%-iT gaizarda _ 527,000 aTasidan 603,000-mde. kerZod, optikurboWkovani internetis abonentTa raodenobam 52.2% Seadgina, DSL teqnologiisa

_ 34.9%, WiFi-is _ 11.5% da WiMax teqnologiisa _ 1.2%. sxva danarCeni teqnologiebis abonentTa raodenoba 0.1%-ia.

regionebSi internetkavSiris ufro maRali donis misaRwevad erT-erTi gza SeiZleba mobiluri internetis ganviTareba iyos. amasTan dakavSirebiT angariSi aCvenebs, rom 2014 wlis oqtombris mdgomare-

obiT mobiluri internetis momxmarebelTa raodenoba 1.88 milioni iyo. aqedan 43% _ `magTikomis~, 34% _ `jeoselis~ da 23% `bilainis~ momx-

mareblebi iyvnen.30 amJamad mobiluri internetteqnologiebia 2G, 3G da 4G. 2015 wels am kompaniebma qarTvel momxmareblebs LTE (Long Term Evolution) _ meoTxe Taobis interneti SesTavazes.

| 22

eleqtronuli vaWroba da onlainbankingi

gasagebia, Tu ratom ar aris saqarTvelo wamyvani qveynebis sia-

Si eleqtronuli vaWrobisa da onlainbankingis TvalsazrisiT. amis

mizezi kargad Cans, Tuki saqarTveloSi erT sul mosaxleze mTlian

Sida produqts im qveynebis monacemebTan SevadarebT, romlebic am

siebSi lideroben.31

qveyana 2014 mSp erT sul mosaxleze aSS dolarSi

saqarTvelo $ 3,700

kanada $50,300

germania $48,600

niderlandebi $52,000

britaneTi $46,000

miuxedavad amisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelo misdevs ganviTare-

buli msoflios tendencias da misi mTliani Sida produqti erT sul mo-

saxleze izrdeba. Tuki saorientaciod aviRebT 2008 wels, ruseT-saqar-

Tvelos omis wels, mas Semdeg saqarTvelos mTliani Sida produqti erT sul mosaxleze daaxloebiT 28%-iT gaizarda.32

ar arsebobs saqarTvelos erovnuli statistika eleqtronul vaW-robasa da onlainbankingSi SeRwevadobis Sesaxeb, Tumca mzardi tenden-

cia aSkaraa. sul ufro meti qarTveli flobs sakredito da sadebeto baraTebs, onlainSenaZenebis miwodeba martivdeba da yvela did banks aqvs onlainbankingis SemoTavazeba. aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelo unda moemzados mzardi finansuri onlaindanaSaulis winaaRmdeg sabrZol-

velad, rac TavisTavad mohyveba qveynis ekonomikur da komerciul ganviTarebas.

sainformacio wyaroebi

aSS-is erovnul-demokratiuli institutis 2015 wlis seqtembris kvlevis _ `sazogadoebis ganwyoba saqarTveloSi~ _ mixedviT, tele-

vizia mosaxleobis 87%-sTvis informaciis pirvel wyarod rCeba. in-terneti miiCneva rigiT meore wyarod qveynis politikur, socialur da mimdinare sakiTxebze informaciis misaRebad.33 am mxriv, socialuri me-dia erT-erT mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs, gansakuTrebiT ki, feisbuki, romelic yvelaze popularulia saqarTveloSi. 1.22 milioni registri-

rebuli momxmarebliT feisbuki34 qarTul sazogadoebaSi mniSvnelovan platformas warmoadgens diskusiisa da informaciis gacvlisaTvis.

23 |

eleqtronuli mmarTveloba

eleqtronuli mTavroba saqarTveloSi ganmartebulia, rogorc

`sajaro funqciebis Sesruleba informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT~.

saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo organoebmac gazardes internetteqno-

logiebis moxmareba. magaliTad, iusticiis saministrom, finansTa sami-nistros Semosavlebis samsaxurma da sxva dawesebulebebma Seqmnes onla-

inservisebi, romlebic saSualebas aZlevs moqalaqeebs daregistrirdnen da isargeblon onlainservisebiT, ganacxadon piradobis mowmobis asaRe-

bad an Seavson sagadasaxado dokumentacia. amasTanave, zogierTi saxel-

mwifo servisi uerTdeba mobiluri aplikaciebis bazars. magaliTad, saqarTvelos policiam Seqmna aplikacia, sadac momxmareblebs SeuZliaT Seamowmon mniSvnelovani informacia an gadaixadon sagzao jarimebi.35

eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb gaeros mier Catarebuli 2014 wlis kvlevis mixedviT, saqarTvelo 56-e adgilzea. or weliwadSi qve-yana 16 poziciiT dawinaurda: gaeros 2012 wlis angariSSi saqarTvelo 72-e adgilze iyo.36 eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis ganviTarebis indeqsi moicavs xelmisawvdomobis iseT maxasiaTeblebs, rogoric aris infra-

struqtura da ganaTlebis done, romlebic asaxavs, Tu rogor iyenebs qveyana sainformacio teqnologiebs, rom gazardos mosaxleobis xel-

misawvdomoba da CarTuloba. el. mmarTvelobis sazomia Sefaseba, ro-

melic aCvenebs, Tu rogor iyenebs saxelmwifo internetsa da msoflio qsels informaciis, produqtebisa da servisebis miwodebisTvis. amasTa-

nave, is afasebs qveyanaSi telekomunikaciisa da adamianuri kapitalis ganviTarebis dones.37

saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros monacemTa gacvlis saagentosa da evrokavSiris tviningis proeqti `cifruli saqarTvelo. eleqtronu-

li saqarTvelos strategia da samoqmedo gegma 2014-2018~ miznad isaxavs Tanamedrove sainformacio-sakomunikacio teqnologiebis (ICT) danergvis xelSewyobas qveyanaSi. SemoTavazebuli qmedebebi moicavs ukve dawyebul iniciativebsa da strategiebs. eleqtronuli saqarTvelos strategia ar Semoifargleba mxolod im aqtivobebiT, romlebsac termini `eleqtro-

nuli mmarTveloba~ moicavs da ufro farTo masStabebze vrceldeba da xelsayrel garemos uqmnis inovaciur biznesseqtorsa da inovaciur samoqalaqo sazogadoebas. mTavrobam stimuli unda misces inovaciebis Semotana-danergvas sazogadoebaSi, kerZo da samoqalaqo seqtorebSi da amiT xeli unda Seuwyos mdgrad ekonomikur ganviTarebas.

dokumentSi gamoyofilia prioritetebi: eleqtronuli servise-

bis ganviTareba, eleqtronuli CarTuloba da Ria mmarTveloba; el. jandacva; sajaro finansebis marTvis sistema; el. biznesi; saqarTve-

los ICT regionul centrad qceva; infrastruqturuli ganviTareba; el. usafrTxoeba; el. mmarTvelobisTvis xelsayreli garemos Seqmna da am mimarTulebiT cnobierebis amaRleba. dokumentSi naTqvamia, rom saqarTvelos aqvs kargi sastarto pozicia, radgan ICT-is ganviTarebis mimarT maRalia politikuri valdebuleba.38

| 24

saqarTvelos el. mmarTvelobis strategiis efeqturobas da am kuTxiT qveynis winsvlas asaxavs eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb gaeros 2014 wlis kvlevis Sedegebic, ara marto el. mmarTvelobis, ar-

amed el.moxmarebis mimarTulebiTac. angariSi aCvenebs, rom el. ser-

visebis xelmisawvdomobasa da maT faqtobriv gamoyenebas Soris sxvaoba mniSvnelovnad Semcirda bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi. angariSSi asa-xuli skalis mixedviT, wamyvani pozicia ukavia niderlandebs, romel-

sac 1.0 (erTi mTeli) qula aqvs miniWebuli. mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos progresi am TvalsazrisiT. ori wlis manZilze (2012-2014) saqarTvelos maCvenebeli 0.21-dan 0.59-mde gaizarda.39

ICT da ekonomikuri ganviTareba

saqarTvelos ICT-ze damokidebulebis zrda xels uwyobs ara mxolod mTavrobisa da sazogadoebis CarTvas Tanamedrove cxovre-

baSi, aramed qveynis ekonomikur zrdasac. amasTanave, saqarTvelo dainteresebul mxares ICT-is sferoSi investirebis mimzidvel gare-

mos sTavazobs. saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros grZelvadiani strategia ICT-is da inovaciebis sferoSi _ saqarTvelo 2020 _ miznad isaxavs msoflio topaTeulSi moxvedras 2020 wlisTvis qseluri mzadyofnis indeqsis gaumjobesebis kuTxiT. amave Sinaarsis evrokomisiis kvleva ki xazs usvams ICT-is seqtoris mniSvnelovan rols saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi. kvlevis Tanaxmad, misi wili ~7%-ia erovnul mTlian Sida produqtSi, rac maRali maCvenebe-lia regionis mixedviT.40 ICT-is ganviTarebas moaqvs SedarebiT maRali xelfasebi, gadamzadebisa da ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi da efeq-

turobis koeficientis zrda.

25 |

I kiberdanaSauli

2014 wlidan saqarTvelom kiberdanaSaulis Sesaxeb oficia-

luri statistikis warmoeba daiwyo. am mxriv uflebamosilia sa-

qarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sainformacio-analiti-

kuri departamenti. miuxedavad imisa, rom ar moipoveba 2013 wlis oficialuri statistika, centraluri kriminaluri policiis de-

partamentis kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelos warmomadgenlebma CvenTan saubarSi ganacxades, rom 2013 wels maT ga-moiZies daaxloebiT 35 mZime xasiaTis kiberdanaSauli. maT aseve aR-

niSnes 2013 wels gamovlenili naklebad mZime xasiaTis kiberdanaSau-

lis SemTxvevebi, romlebic Caidines arakvalificiurma hakerebma, e.w. skriptkidebma. `skriptkidi~ (`Script-kiddies~) damamcirebeli saxelia, romelsac maRalkvalificiuri hakerebi arakvalificiur, naklebad daxelovnebul hakerebs eZaxian.

2014 wlis da 2015 wlis pirveli naxevris statistika, romelic am angariSSia warmodgenili, mogvawoda saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom. qvemoT moyvanili pirveli cxrili asaxavs Sss-is terito-

riuli da struqturuli danayofebis mier sisxlis samarTlis kode-

qsis 284-e, 285-e, 286-e muxlebiT registrirebuli da gaxsnili kiber-

danaSaulis raodenobas 2014 welsa da 2015 wlis pirvel naxevarSi. ssk-is 284-e muxliT isjeba kompiuterul sistemaSi ukanono SeRweva, 285-e muxliT isjeba damazianebeli kompiuteruli programis Seqmna, gamoyeneba an gavrceleba, xolo 286-e muxliT isjeba kompiuteruli sistemis xelyofa an/da kompiuteruli monacemis dazianeba, waSla da modificireba.41

Sss-is teritoriuli da struqturuli danayofebis mier ssk-is

284-e, 285-e, 286-e muxlebiT registrirebuli da gaxsnili danaSauli

ssk-is

284-e-286-e

muxlebi

ssk-is 284-e

muxli

ssk-is 285-e

muxli

ssk-is 286-e

muxli

periodisul

regis.gaxsn.

sul

regis.gaxsn.

sul

regis.gaxsn.

sul

regis.gaxsn.

2014 w. 163 69 144 62 12 7 7 0

2015 w.

(pirveli

naxevari)

79 22 70 22 3 0 6 0

| 26

qvemoT moyvanili meore cxrili asaxavs Sss-is centraluri krim-

inaluri policiis departamentis mier sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 284-e, 285-e, 286-e muxlebiT registrirebuli da gaxsnili kiberdanaSau-

lis raodenobas 2014 welsa da 2015 wlis pirvel naxevarSi.

centraluri kriminaluri policiis departamentis mier ssk-is

284-e, 285-e, 286-e muxlebiT registrirebuli da gaxsnili danaSauli

ssk-is

284-e-286-e

muxli

ssk-is 284-e

muxli

ssk-is 285-e

muxli

ssk-is 286-e

muxli

periodi sul

regis.gaxsn.

sul

regis.gaxsn.

sul

regis.gaxsn.

sul

regis.gaxsn.

2014 w. 43 5 33 3 5 2 5 0

2015 w.

(pirveli

naxevari)

25 0 17 0 2 0 6 0

qvemoT moyvanili mesame cxrili asaxavs Sss-is centraluri kriminaluri policiis departamentisa da Sss-is teritoriuli da struqturuli danayofebis mier sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ssk-is 255 muxliT registrirebuli da gaxsnili kiberdanaSaulis raodeno-

bas 2014 welsa da 2015 wlis pirvel naxevarSi. 255-e muxliT isjeba por-

nografiuli produqciis ukanonod damzadeba an/da winaswari SecnobiT arasrulwlovnis gamosaxulebis Semcveli pornagrafiuli produqci-

is SeZena, Senaxva, Cvenebaze daswreba, SeTavazeba, gavrceleba, gadacema, reklamireba, xelmisawvdomobis sxvagvari uzrunvelyofa an aseTi pro-

duqciiT sargebloba.42

ssk-is 255-e muxliT registrirebuli danaSauli

2014 weli2015 w. (pirveli naxe-

vari)

sul

regis.gaxsn.

sul

regis.gaxsn.

Sss teritoriuli da struq -

turuli danayofebis mier9 2 1 1

Sss centraluri kriminalu-

ri policiis departamentis

mier (maT Soris)

8 2 1 1

27 |

Sss-is 2014 wlisa da 2015 wlis pirveli naxevris monacemebSi ar aRi ricxeba ssk-is 255.1 muxliT Cadenili danaSauli, romelic iTva-

liswinebs arasrulwlovnis Cabmas pornografiuli an pornografiuli xasiaTis sxva produqciis ukanonod damzadebasa da gasaRebaSi.43

Sss-is mier mowodebuli statistika ar asaxavs ssk-is Semdegi mux-

lebiT Cadenil danaSauls: 180-e muxli, romelic aris TaRliToba, anu marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT sxvisi nivTis daufleba an qonebrivi uflebis miReba motyuebis gziT; 189-e muxli, romelic aris saavtoro uflebisa Tu raime momijnave uflebis mflobelisa da mo-

nacemTa bazis damamzadeblis uflebis xelyofa; 210-e muxli _ yalbi sakredito an saangariSsworebo baraTis damzadeba, gasaReba an gamo-

yeneba. mizezi amisa is aris, rom Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom sul axlaxan daiwyo kompiuteruli teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT Cadenili registri-

rebuli da gaxsnili danaSaulis statistikuri aRricxva. amisaTvis Sss muSaobs zusti meTodologiebis SemuSavebisa da aRricxvianobis gaum-

jobesebis mimarTulebiT. ssk-is 324.1 muxliT Cadenili danaSaulis

gamoZieba, romelic exeba kiberterorizms, axladSeqmnili saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxuris kontrteroristuli centris prerogativaa. es centri adre Sss-is daqvemdebarebaSi iyo.

Sss-is mier mowodebuli monacemebi srulad ver asaxavs arsebul mdgomareobas, rac SesaZloa oTxi faqtoriT iyos ganpirobebuli: pir-

veli _ kiberdanaSaulis Sesaxeb cnobierebis dabali done rogorc mo-

saxleobis, ise xelisuflebis im warmomadgenlebisa, romlebic uSua-

lod ar monawileoben qveynis kibersivrcis usafrTxoebaSi. magaliTad, kiberSetevebs msoflios axal ambebSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia, saqarTvelos mediasivrceSi ki amaze TiTqmis arafers amboben da es arc diskusiis sagans warmoadgens. am sferoSi cnobierebis done saqarTve-

loSi arasaxarbieloa. SesaZloa, viRac kiberdanaSaulis msxverpli ise gaxdes da izaralos, rom amis Sesaxeb arc ki icodes da verc mixvdes, Tu rogor iqca msxverplad. meore _ SesaZloa zogierTi banki faravdes kidec danakargebs da reputaciis Selaxvis SiSiT ar Tvlidnen saWirod aseTi SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb samarTaldamcav organoebSi gancxadebas. me-same _ kiberdamokidebuli danaSaulis ganszaRvrisas Znelia is sxva ra-

meSi agerios, Tumca kiberSesaZlebeli danaSauli, magaliTad, SesaZloa Tavisuflad daxasiaTdes, rogorc wminda TaRliToba an qurdoba. rac ufro gaizrdeba kiberdanaSaulis moculoba, miT ufro ukeTesi Setyo-

binebisa da aRricxvianobis sistema iqneba saWiro. dabolos, miuxedavad imisa, rom, magaliTad, kerZo kompaniebs kanoniT moeTxovebaT danaSau-

lis Sesaxeb acnobon samarTaldamcavebs, ar arsebobs meqanizmi, romel-

ic Seamowmebs, daumales Tu ara kiberdanaSauli Sesabamis organoebs. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis sam-

marTvelos mier aRmoCenili SemTxvevebis garda, SesaZloa arsebobdes kiberdanaSaulis sxva SemTxvevebic, qvemoT moyvanili magaliTebi kargad asaxavs kiberdanaSaulis maxasiaTeblebsa da tipebs saqarTveloSi.

| 28

• zianis momtani programebi _ mavne programebis gamoyenebiT Tavdamsxmelebma safrTxe Seuqmnes informaciis erTianoba-

sa da xelmisawvdomobas qarTul niusportalebze (droni.ge; pressa.ge; news.ge).

• azartuli onlainTamaSebis saitze hakingi _ damnaSavem SeaRwia `aWarabeTis~ vebgverdis TerTmeti momxmareblis pi-rad angariSze da iq arsebuli Tanxa, daaxloebiT 3,900 lari, sakuTar angariSze gadaricxa. meore SemTxvevaSi _ hakerma ukanonod SeaRwia `evropabeTis~ saitis momxmareblis pirad angariSze da moxsna 3,300 lari.

• samTavrobo kompiuteris gatexva _ qarTveli mozardi ukano-

nod Sevida sajaro samsaxuris biuros qselSi da ori dRis gan-mavlobaSi safrTxe Seuqmna monacemTa konfidencialurobas, mTlianobas da xelmisawvdomobas.

• kiberxulignoba _ hakerebma datoves animaciuri gamosa-

xuleba da Setyobineba saxelmwifo ministris aparatis oficialur vebgverdze, rom saitis gatexva martivad xelmisawvdomi iyo maTTvis.

• hakingi feiboqsis gamoyenebiT _ hakerma SeaRwia sagadaxdo mom saxurebis provaideris – `novateqnolojis~ kompiute-

rul sistemaSi da kompaniis gadaxdis sistema www.paybox.ge-is gamoyenebiT miiTvisa `novateqnolojis~ kuTvnili naxevar milionze meti lari.

• sakredito baraTis klonireba _ orma qarTvelma da eqvsma ukrainelma kiberdamnaSavem ukanono gziT didi britaneTis sxvadasxva bankis momxmareblis angariSebidan (1137 plasti-

kuri baraTidan) £170 000 funti sterlingis odenobis Tanxa moxsna da onlaingadaxdis saSualebiT internetkazinos 45 momxmarebelis angariSze gadaricxa.

• hakingi da SantaJi _ latvielma hakerebma safrTxe Seuqmnes sabanko kompiuteruli sistemis monacemTa konfidencia-

lurobas. hakerebi daukavSirdnen bankis aRmasrulebel di reqtors da mosTxoves Tanxa imisaTvis, rom ar gamoeqve y-

nebinaT moparuli informacia.

• bavSvTa pornografia _ interpolma miawoda kiberdanaSau-

lis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelos informacia qar-

Tul serverze mozardis eqsploataciis amsaxveli gamo-

saxulebis gayidvis mcdelobis Sesaxeb. damnaSave aRmoCnda bavSvis deda.

• botneti _ Sinagan saqmeTa saministros operatiul-teqni-

kur departamentTan erTad kiberdanaSaulis ganyofile-

bam aRmoaCina botneti sami aTasi zombirebuli kompiute-

ris Semcveli qseliT.

29 |

• kiberSpionaJi _ amerikuli kompania FireEye-is 2014 wlis

`APT28~ _ angariSis mixedviT, sxva dasavluri qveynebis para-

lelurad, saqarTvelos samTavrobo saitebi da oficialuri pirebic iyvnen wlebis ganmavlobaSi rusuli kiberSpionaJis samizneebi.

• TaRliToba e.w simboqsebis gamoyenebiT _ damnaSaveebma avtorizaciis gareSe daamontaJes internetsignalis mimRe-

bi specialuri mowyobiloba e.w. simboqsi, romlis meSveobi-

Tac sazRvargareTidan ganxorcielebuli satelefono zari, internettrafikis gamoyenebiT gardaiqmneboda lokalur zarad da rogorc qveynis SigniT ganxorcielebuli zari, ise miewodeba saqarTveloSi moqmed kavSirgabmulobis kompa-

niebis abonentebs. kompaniebis zaralma 95,000 lari Seadgina.

Sinagan saqmeTa saministros warmomadgenlebma aRniSnes, rom uka-

naskneli tipis danaSauli qarTul kibersivrceSi axali tendenciaa. iseTi patara qveynisTvisac ki, rogoric saqarTveloa, miuxeda-

vad imisa, rom, savaraudod, kiberSemTxvevebis Sesaxeb informacia ara-

srulia, kiberdanaSaulis sakmaod dabali maCvenebelia. garda amisa, arsebuli kiberdanaSaulis SemTxvevebis ganxilvisas mniSvnelovania sam ZiriTad faqtors gaesvas xazi. pirveli _ saqarTveloSi Cadenil kiber-

danaSaulTa umravlesoba ar aris gansakuTrebiT SemoqmedebiTi. meore

_ isini ar arian teqnologiurad daxvewili (Tumca Sss-is warmomadgen-

lebma CvenTan saubrisas xazi gausves kiberdanaSaulis SemoqmedebiTi da teqnologiuri daxvewis zrdis tendencias. es SeniSvna ar exeba saqar-

Tvelos winaaRmdeg mimarTul maRali donis kiberSpionaJis faqtebs) da mesame _ isini ar Seicaven Zalian maRal finansur riskebs _ zeda zRvari Seadgens daaxlobiT 620,000 lars (£170,000); danaSaulTa umetesoba ram-

denime aTas lars moicavs.am angariSSi ukve gaesva xazi kiberdanaSaulis mTliani Rirebulebis

globaluri jamidan interpolirebis araefeqturobas lokalur maCve-nebelSi. kiberdanaSaulis Rirebulebis dasadgenad SeiZleba sakmaod martivi gzis gamoyeneba _ 2014 wels registrirebuli 200-ze meti da-

naSauliT miRebuli zaralis Sekreba. es, marTalia, ar gviCvenebs arama-

terialuri faqtorebis Rirebulebas, magram amas arc erTi sxva meTo-

dologia ar iZleva. Sss-is monacemebis dabal maCvenebels SesaZloa aseve ganapirobeb-

des kerZo kritikuli infrastruqturebis mimarT midgomebic. bankebi, mobiluri kavSirgabmulobis kompaniebi da portebi cdiloben usafr-

T xoebis saukeTeso praqtikis danergvas da ganxorcielebas. Tumca maT motivacias ufro ganapirobebs saerTaSoriso standartebis dacvisa Tu investorTa molodinis gamarTlebis interesi an politikurad moti-

virebuli kiberSetevebis SiSi, vidre zemoaRniSnuli wminda kiberkri-

| 30

minalis tipi. erT-erTma aRmasrulebelma direqtorma CvenTan saub-

risas ganacxada, rom misi kompaniis kompiuterul sistemebSi wminda kiberkriminalis mizniT ukananod SeRwevis aranairi SemTxveva ar dafiq-

sirebula. qarTvelebi sxvebze metad an naklebad patiosani eri ar aris, saqarT-

velos wera-kiTxvis codnis TiTqmis 100%-iani maCvenebeli aqvs44 da ruse-

Tisa da ukrainis msgavsad saqarTveloc ebrZvis sabWoTa memkvidreobas

_ aq did SesaZleblobebs normaluri dasaqmebisa da anazRaurebis da-

bali molodini axlavs. mxedvelobaSi Tu miviRebT internetCarTulo-

bis maCvenebels qveyanaSi, rac mosaxleobis TiTqmis naxevars warmoad-

gens da internetteqnologiebze damokidebulebis zrdis tendenciebs, savsebiT savaraudoa, rom kiberdanaSaulis maCvenebeli gaizardos.

es SeiZleba aixsnas sxvadasxva faqtoris erTobliobiTac: saqarT-

veloSi potenciuri anazRaurebis simcirem, yvelasgan gansxvavebul-

ma qarTulma enam da sxvagan ufro mimzidvelma SesaZleblobam gana-piroba albaT qveyanaSi kiberdanaSaulis SedarebiT dabali maCvenebeli. savaraudod, unda arsebobdnen niWieri qarTveli kiberkriminalebi, romlebmac qarTulis garda ician rusuli, inglisuri da sxva enebi da romlebic sakuTar SesaZleblobebs ufro sarfiani samizneebis winaaRm-

deg iyeneben. kiberdanaSaulis qarTuli bazari ki ZiriTadad e.w. skript-

kidebisa da mxolod mcirericxovani SedarebiT niWieri hakerebis moq-

medebis arealad rCeba. Tu paralels gavavlebT danaSaulis sxva sferoebTan, qarTvel-

ma kiberkriminalebmac SeiZleba iTanamSromlon organizebuli kiber-

danaSaulis rusulenovan dajgufebebTan. kriminalis sxva sferoebSi qarTuli kriminaluri dajgufebebi, e.w. лаврушники _ kanonieri qurde-

bi _ mTel evraziaSi moqmedeben, rogorc rusuli kriminalis Semadgene-

li nawili.45

31 |

I kiberSpionaJi da kiberomi

kiberSpionaJi da kiberomi mtkiced damkvidrda virtualur sam-yaroSi da am mxriv arc saqarTveloa gamonaklisi. saqarTvelo ukve iyo kiberomis erT-erTi samizne, aseve aRricxulia saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg kiberSpionaJis araerTi SemTxveva. kiberSpionaJi da kiberomi, marTalia, gansxvavdeba wminda kiberkriminalisgan, magram saqarTvelos SemTxve-

vaSi mniSvnelovania am samive tipis sami mizezis gamo gaanalizeba:

| pirveli SpionaJi danaSaulia, romlis kiberaspeqtebi SeiZle-

ba Seicavdes kiberdamokidebuli an kiberSesaZlebe-

li danaSaulis formebs. ZiriTadad is, rasac SeiZleba kiberomi ewodos (Tuki gamovricxavT iseT mavne prog-

ramas, rogoric, magaliTad, Stuxnet-ia, romelsac faq-

tobrivad fizikuri zaralis motana SeuZlia), SesaZloa iyos konfidencialurobis, mTlianobisa da xelmisawv-

domobis darRvevis mizniT kompiuterul qselSi ukano-

no SeRwevis kriminaluri aqti. amgvari qmedeba miCneuli iqneba kiberdanaSaulad, sanam ar gamoikveTeba ucxo qveynis mTavrobis an romelime subnacionaluri jgu-

fis monawileobis niSnebi, romlis ukanac strategiuli miznebi dgas. magaliTad, mtrulad ganwyobili qveynis mTavrobebisagan inicirebuli kiberTavdasxma Sesa-

Zloa ganxorcieldes eleqtromomaragebis, satrans-

porto an fiWuri satelefono kompaniebis kompiuter-

ul sistemeb ze, Tundac im mizniT, rom warmoqmnas qaosi, moaxdinos mosaxleobis demoralizacia an Tundac brZolis veli kinetikuri SetevisTvis moamzados. aR-

saniSnavia, rom Tavidan es iqneboda kvalificirebu-

li, rogorc ukanono SeRweva kompiuterul sistemaSi, miuxedavad imisa, ra aRmoCndeboda SeRwevis saboloo mizani _ kiberomi, kiberSpionaJi Tu wminda kiber-

kriminali.

| meore saqarTvelos geopolitikuri mdebareobisa da arse-

buli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos oficialuri pirebis umetesoba SedarebiT ufro mZaf-

rad aRiqvams kiberSpionaJisa da kiberomis safrTxeebs, vidre wminda saxis kiberdanaSauls. es kargad Cans ro-

gorc saqarTvelos erovnuli usafrTxoebis koncef-

ciaSi, ise maRali Tanamdebobis pirebTan saubrisas. qveynebs, romlebic cdiloben saqarTvelosTan TanamS-

romlobas, unda esmodeT saqarTvelos midgoma da is safrTxeebi, romelTa winaSec dgas es qveyana.

| 32

| mesame SesaZloa viRacisTvis sakamaTo iyos, marTla CarTulia Tu ara ruseTis samTavrobo struqturebi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebul kiberSpionaJsa da kiber-

SetevebSi, magram eWvs ar iwvevs rusi kiberkriminaluri jgufis an jgufebis mier ganxorcielebuli Setevebi, romelTa ukanac mxolod wminda politikuri motivi dgas. es ki saTanado analizis saSualebas gvaZlevs, rom ganvsazRvroT, Tu vis interesebSi unda Sediodes am ti-

pis kiberSetevebi.

kiberSpionaJi

2014 wlis oqtomberSi kiberusafrTxoebis sakiTxebze momuSave amerikulma kompania FireEye-m gamoaqveyna angariSi saxelwodebiT `APT 28: A Window into Russia’s Cyber Espionage Operations.” angariSi ruseTis masobrivi kiberSpionaJis didxnian SemTxvevas asaxavs. kvlevis avtore-

bi miiCneven, rom mizanmimarTuli safrTxis Semcveli, APT 28-is saxeliT cnobili jgufis mier ganxorcielebuli kiberSpionaJi didi albaTo-

biT SesaZloa finansdebodes ruseTis samTavrobo struqturebisgan. angariSis Tanaxmad, zemoxsenebuli jgufi axorcielebda mizanmimar-

Tul SpionaJs, sul mcire, 2007 wlidan. kiberSpionaJis am kampaniis mTavar mizans warmoadgenda `im saxis informaciis mopoveba, romelic mxolod saxelmwifo interesebis sagani SeiZleboda yofiliyo~. jgufis samiznes warmoadgens amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, aRmosavleT evro-

pis qveynebi, Crdiloatlantikuri xelSekulebis organizacia, evropis uSiSroebisa da TanamSromlobis organizacia da saqarTvelos mTavro-

ba da oficialuri pirebi. am tipis kiberoperacia, naTqvamia kvlevaSi, `migvaniSnebs mTavrobis mier dafinansebul kiberSpionaJze, konkretu-

lad ki _ im mTavrobisa, romelic moskovSi zis~.46 ramdenime wlis win qarTulma CERT-ma (kompiuterul safrTxeebze

swrafi reagirebis jgufi) saerTaSoriso aRiareba moipova saqarTve-

los winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kiberSpionaJisaTvis Seqmnili Win32/Georbot virusis aRmoCenisa da masze reagirebis gamo. kiberSpionaJis am konk-

retuli SemTxvevis Sesaxeb detalur analizs gvTavazobs saqarTvelos CERT-is angariSi.47

jeorboti saqarTveloSi 2011 wlidan Windows-is operaciul siste-

maze momuSave kompiuterebSi eZebda sust mxareebs eqsploataciis mizniT. Tavdapirvelad jeorbot-troiani gavrcelda, ~Watering-hole”-is tipis SeteviTi strategiiT. Watering Hole -is tipis Setevis startegia pirvelad kompiuteruli da qseluri usafrTxoebis amerikulma kom-

pania RSA Security-m gansazRvra. am SemTxvevaSi Tavdamsxmelis samiznea garkveuli jgufi, organizacia an, Tundac, regioni. Tavdamsxmeli da-

kvirvebiT an intuiciurad xvdeba, Tu romel vebgverdebs SeiZleba stumrobdes samizne da ra saxis informaciiT SeiZleba interesdebodes

33 |

igi. ainficirebs erT an ramdenime aseT saits da Sedegad inficirdeba samizne jgufis ramdenime wevris kompiuteruli sistema.

am konkretul SemTxvevaSic damnaSaveebma SeZles qarTuli axali ambebis ramdenime portalis inficireba jeorbot-troianiT. hakereb-

ma daainficires qarTuli sainformacio saitebis mxolod is gverdebi, sadac ganTavsebuli iyo informacia Tavdacvisa da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. nebismieri momxmareblis kompiuteruli sistema, romelic Sevidoda saitis am gverdebze, avtomaturad xdeboda jeor-

botis msxverpli. jeorbotis mizani iyo kompiuterSi aRmoeCina da moepara is doku-

mentebi, romlebSic gamoyenebuli iyo usafrTxoebasTan dakavSire-

buli sityvebi _ nato, si-ai-ei, ef-bi-ai, dazverva, ef-es-bi, generali, polkovniki da a.S. maTi aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi am failebis gadawera xde-

boda virusis samarTav serverze. jeorboti srulad akontrolebda inficirebul kompiuterebs. mas

SeeZlo video da audio masalis Cawera kompiuterSi arsebuli kamer-

isa da mikrofonis saSualebiT; momxmareblis kompiuteris samuSao da fis gadaReba, dokumentebis moparva; nebismieri failis gagzavna diskidan serveris mimarTulebiT; qselSi arsebuli sxva kompiutere-

bis skanireba/inficireba. mas Semdeg, rac jeorboti aRmoaCina saqarT-

velos CERT-ma da komunikacia misi brZanebisa da kontrolis serverTan daibloka, troianis gavrceleba daiwyo spamfostis saSualebiT. infi-

cirebuli kompiuterebis saerTo raodenoba iyo 390, aqedan 70% _ saqa-

rTvelodan. saqarTvelos CERT-ma moaxdina saqarTveloSi yvela inficirebuli

IP-is identificireba da virusuli failebis Rrma analizis Sedegad SemuSavda ganeitralebisTvis saWiro teqnikuri meqanizmebi da gadaeg-

zavna dainficirebul uwyebebs. saqarTvelos CERT-i TanamSromlobda megobari qveynebis samarTal-

damcav uwyebebTan, kompiuteruli safrTxeebis winaaRmdeg swrafi re-

agirebis jgufebTan da kompiuteruli sistemebis usafrTxoebis iseT kompaniebTan, rogoricaa Microsoft, ESET, Snort, Cisco da sxvadasxva antivi-

rusis mwarmoebel kompaniebTan dacvis meqanizmebis SesamuSaveblad. saqarTvelos CERT-ma Seqmna dokumenti cru saxelwodebiT `saqarTve-

lo-natos SeTanxmeba 2011~. icodnen ra, rom amgvari dokumenti Tavdamsx-

melis interess gamoiwvevda, mas mieba Semtevis Seqmnili virusuli faili. kiberSemtevma moipara da gadawera cru dokumenti da Sedegad Tavadve dainficirda sakuTari virusuli failiT. Tavdamsxmelis SecdomaSi Sey-vaniT SesaZlebeli gaxda Semtevis identificireba. damnaSavis kompiuter-

ze kontrolis mopovebis Sedegad saqarTvelos CERT-ma moipova damnaSavis mimowera rus hakerul forumebze, romelic daxmarebas iTxovda gaSifvris meqanizmebisa da eqsploitebis SemuSavebaSi. hakeris metsaxelia `eSkinkot 1~. CERT-ma SeZlo damnaSavis kompiuterSi arsebuli videoTvalis meSveo-

biT misTvis fotos gadaReba. miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze moxerxda pirovnebis identificireba. is ruseTSi moqmedi cnobili hakeria.

| 34

jeorboti iyo kiberSpionaJisTvis Seqmnili troianvirusi. dain-

ficirebuli qarTuli kompiuterebis umravlesoba ekuTvnoda qarTul samTavrobo struqturebs da kritikuli informaciuli infrastruq-

turis organizaciebs. aseve ramdenime SemTxvevaSi dainficirebuli iyo sabanko seqtoris, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da kerZo kompaniis kompiuterebi.

kiberomi

2008 wels saqarTvelo iyo pirveli qveyana, sadac kinetikuri omis formebis paralelurad ganxorcielda kiberSetevebi. erTwliani kvlevis Semdeg aSS-is kiberkvlevis jgufi _ US-CCU _ damoukidebeli kvleviTi instituti Tavis angariSSi werda: `Setevebis didi nawili, drois TvalsazrisiT, imdenad axlos iyos samxedro qmedebebTan, rom warmoudgenelia ar yofiliyo mWidro koordinirebuli TanamSromlo-

ba ruseTis samxedro struqturebis warmomadgenlebsa da samoqalaqo kiberkriminalebs Soris~. US-CCU-is angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom saqa-

rTvelos winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli botnetebis umetesoba adrec iyo gamoyenebuli sxva kriminaluri qmedebebisTvis. amerikis kompiuter-

uli usafrTxoebis mkvlevarTa nawilma, romlebic botnetSetevebs swavloben, aRniSnes, rom aSkarad Canda rusuli biznesqselis _ kiber-

kriminaluri sindikatis monawileobis niSnebi.48 kiberSetevebma sa-

qarTveloSi ramdenime dRiT gaTiSa mTavrobis sainformacio da sakomu-

nikacio saSualebebi, axali ambebis portalebi, finansuri tranzaqciebi da interneti.

saqarTveloze kiberTavdsaxmebis erT-erTi taqtika iyo vebgver-

debze dadebuli instruqciebi im moxalise pirTaTvis, romelTac sa-Tanado kompiuteruli unarebi ar gaaCndaT, magram am instruqciebis meSveobiT saSualeba miecaT TavianTi wvlili SeetanaT kiberTavdasxme-

bis ganxorcielebaSi. es strategia imdenad efeqturi iyo, rom 43 sam-izne vebgverdidan zogs pirvandeli saxe Seecvala da zogic saerTod gaiTiSa. amas garda 11 vebgverdi im botnetebis msxverpli gaxda, rom-

lebic rusul organizebul danaSaulebriv jgufTan asocirdeboda. so-

cialuri qselebi da am SetevisTvis specialurad Seqmnili vebgverdebi stopgeorgia.ru da stopgeorgia.info (SeaCereT saqarTvelo) gamoiyeneboda moxalise hakerebis SerCevisa da daqiravebisTvis. am saitebis serverebi ganTavsebuli iyo aSS-Si, germaniasa da latviaSi. manamde ki amave serve-

rebiT sargeblobdnen organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufebi, kerZod ki, rusuli biznesqseli.49

35 |

sekuritizacia da rogor uyurebs saqarTvelo

I kiberdanaSauls, kiberSpionaJsa da kiberoms

sekuritizaciis koncefcia (inglisuri sityvidan Securitization) gan-sazRvravs imas, Tu ra xarisxiT aRiqvams qveyana arsebul safrTxeebs. sekuritizaciis koncefcia SeimuSaves da ganaviTares arnold volf-

ersma 1952 wels50 da beri buzanma 1997 wels.51 sekuritizacia aris proce-

si, rodesac safrTxe qveynisaTvis egzistencialur safrTxed aRiqmeba da problema ar ganixileba mxolod iuridiuli an teqnikuri mniSvnelo-

biT. magaliTad, aSS-m Tavis droze moaxdina sabWoTa birTvuli iaraRis safrTxis sekuritizacia, xolo 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris Semdeg _

terorizmis safrTxis sekuritizacia. miuxedavad saqarTvelos 2008 wlis gamocdilebisa da miuxedavad

imisa, rom kibersafrTxeebi saqarTvelos erovnuli usafrTxoebis erT-erT mTavar safrTxed aRiqmeba, saqarTvelom dRemde ver SeZlo kiber-

safrTxis am xarisxSi ayvana. magaliTad, estoneTis mTavrobam gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dauT-

mo kiberusafrTxoebas. estoneTis prezidenti tomas hendrik ilvesi mu-

dam kiberusafrTxoebis mniSvnelobaze laparakobs.52 metic, estoneT-

ma aSkarad ikisra proaqtiuri roli da Camoayaliba kiberdacvis liga. Crdiloatlantikuri aliansi maleve gamoexmaura estoneTis winaaRm-

deg ganxorcielebul agresiul kiberTavdasxmebs da estoneTis xeli-

suflebis ZalisxmeviT talinSi natos kiberTavdacvis centri daarsda. 2008 wels ruseTis mier ganxorcielebulma kiberSetevebma inter-

netpolitikis ganviTarebisken ubiZga saqarTvelosac. 2008 wlidan moyolebuli saqarTvelom mravali nabiji gadadga da gaaumjobesa Tavi-

si SesaZleblobebi kiberusafrTxoebis sferoSi, Tumca am mimarTulebiT gacilebiT metia gasakeTebeli. samwuxarod, zogadad, garda im adami-

anebisa, romlebic uSualod pasuxismgebeli arian qveynis kibersivrcis usafrTxoebaze, kiberusafrTxoebas erT-erT rutinul saqmed miiCneven.

miuxedavad imisa, rom oficialuri gancxadebebi da dokumentebi kiber-

usafrTxoebas did upiratesobas aniWeben, biujeti ar Seesabameba deklar-

irebul politikas. Tavis mxriv, arasakmarisi biujetiT aixsneba is, rac aSkarad gamoCnda mTavrobis warmomadgenlebTan saubrebSi, rom, magali-

Tad, saqarTvelos samTavrobo struqturebis Zalian bevri kompiuteruli sistema muSaobs aralicenzirebuli da mekobruli programebiT. am prob-

lemis mogvareba did finansur resursebs moiTxovs da, rogorc mTavrobis erTma warmomadgenelma CvenTan saubrisas aRniSna, ufrosi Taobis xelmZR-

vanelobas ubralod ar esmis am problemis mniSvneloba.kompania Software Alliance BSA-is 2014 wlis angariSi _ globaluri

softis mimoxilva _ afasebs qveynebs aralicenzirebuli kompiute-

ruli programebis gamoyenebis mixedviT. am angariSSi saqarTvelos

| 36

90%-iani maCvenebli aqvs aralicenzirebuli programebis gamoyenebis mxriv. am maCveneblis komerciuli Rirebuleba ki, angariSis mixedviT, daaxloebiT 40 milioni dolaria.53

2014 wlis evraziis TanamSromlobis fondis kvlevis Tanaxmad, saqar TveloSi mekobruli da aralicenzirebuli programebi farTodaa gavrcelebuli rogorc sajaro, ise kerZo seqtorSi. angariSSi aRniSnu-

lia, rom centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebSi ar-

sebuli 30 aTasi personaluri kompiuteridan daaxloebiT 70%-ze da-

yenebuli iyo mekobruli an aralicenzirebuli programebi. angariSSi naTqvamia, rom `saqpatentis~ informaciiT, 2013-2014 wlebSi mekobru-

li kompiuteruli programebis sakiTxis irgvlivac mimdinareobda mo-

laparakebebi saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da kompania Microsoft-s Soris, rac iTvaliswinebda licenzirebuli kompiuteruli programebis danergvas saxelmwifos yvela struqturaSi.54 mTavrobis erT-erTma warmomad-

genelma CvenTan saubrisas am sakiTxis mougvarebloba finansuri resursebis naklebobiT axsna.

inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis dacva pirdapir relevanturia qvey-nis ICT sferos ganviTarebisa. saqarTvelo inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis dacvis kuTxiT cdilobs Tavisi kanonmdebloba saerTaSoriso standar-

tebs miuaxlovos. saqarTvelos inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis erovnuli centri `saqpatenti~ aris is organo, romelic saqarTveloSi inteleq-

tualuri sakuTrebis politikas gansazRvravs. saqarTvelom ratifi-

cireba moaxdina am mimarTulebis rigi saerTaSoriso konvenciebisa da 2014 wels axali cvlilebebis proeqti waradgina inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis Sesaxeb kanonebSi savaWro niSnebis, patentebis, dizainisa da saavtoro uflebebis mimarTulebiT, rom ufro metad miuaxlovdes saerTaSoriso standartebs. Tumca, miuxedavad amisa, es sakiTxi kvlav rCeba naklebad prioritetul mimarTulebad qveyanaSi.

dabolos, Tuki mxedvelobaSi miviRebT 2008 wlis Semdeg gadadgmul nabijebs da mTavrobis oficialur pirebTan saubrebs, iqmneba STabeW-

dileba, rom kiberusafrTxoeba prioritetuli sakiTxia saqarTveloSi, Tumca samTavrobo struqturebSi kiberusafrTxoebaze momuSave viwro wris miRma sakmarisad ar esmiT es problemitika da, aqedan gamomdi-

nare, ar aris sakmarisi dafinanseba ufro masStaburi kiberproblemis mo sagvareblad.

im adamianebis garda, vinc CarTulia kiberdanaSaulTan brZolaSi

_ aseTia ZiriTadad Sss-is kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis sam-marTvelo _ interesi saqarTveloSi wminda kiberkriminalis winaaRm-

deg brZolis TvalsazrisiT CamorCeba politikurad motivirebuli Setevebis winaaRmdeg brZolis interess. samwuxarod, es am sakiTxisadmi prokuraturisa da sasamarTlo uwyebis midgomazec aisaxa.

37 |

I dainteresebuli mxareebi

onlainsivrceSi arsebobs sami tipis dainteresebuli mxare: mTav-

roba, kerZo seqtori da kerZo piri. miuxedavad imisa, rom tradiciul diskusiaSi usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze yuradReba gamaxvilebulia mTav-

robis mniSvnelovan rolze, kiberusafrTxoebas aseve aqcenti gadaaqvs biznesze. biznesi dainteresebuli mxare sami mniSvnelovani faqtoris gamoa:

| pirveli kerZo biznesi flobs im infrastruqturis did naw-ils, romelic umniSvnelovanesia sazogadoebis efeq-

turi funqcionirebisTvis da, aqedan gamom dinare, sazogadoebis usafrTxoebisTvis.

| meore biznesi aris Zala, romelsac SeuZlia ICT-is poten-

ciali ekonomikur ganviTarebad gardaqmnas.

| mesame biznesorganizaciebi Tavadac ICT servisebis mas-

Staburi momxmareblebi arian.

dabolos, ar unda daviviwyoT internetis individualuri momxmare-

beli. saqarTveloSi 2.18 milioni55 internetmomxmareblidan TiToeuli dakavSirebulia sistemebis am ukidegano sistemasTan imgvarad, rogorc aqamde arc erTi tradiciuli sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis formiT yofi-

la SesaZlebeli. da mainc, miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleo-

bis TiTqmis naxevari internetis momxmarebelia da 1.22 milioni qarTve-

li aqtiurad iyenebs socialur medias, kompiuteruli teqnologiebis, internetis da kiberusafrTxoebis mniSvnelobis saTanadod aRqmis done sakmaod dabalia.

| 38

I saxelmwifo uwyebebi

saxelmwifo usafrTxoebisa da krizisebis marTvis sabWo _ premier-ministris kabineti

saqarTvelos mTavrobis kiberusafrTxoebis Temaze uwyebaTaSori-

si koordinacia prezidentisadmi daqvemdebarebuli erovnuli usafr-

Txoebis sabWos funqcia iyo. sakonstitucio cvlilebebis Sedegad es funqcia gadaeca premier-ministris kabinets. saxelmwifo usafrTxoe-

bisa da krizisebis marTvis sabWo, romelsac xSirad ubralod erovnu-

li usafrTxoebis sabWos an meore erovnuli usafrTxoebis sabWos uwodeben, axla koordinacias uwevs sxvadasxva samTavrobo struqtu-

ras (erTeuls). sabWo aris premier-ministr irakli RaribaSvilis sakonsultacio sabWo, romelic uSualod mas eqvemdebareba. Sesabamisad, premier-ministri aris sabWos Tavmjdomare.

sabWo Sedgeba Semdegi mudmivi wevrebisgan: sabWos mdivani, Sina-gan saqmeTa ministri, Tavdacvis ministri, sagareo saqmeTa ministri da finansTa ministri.56

sabWo koordinirebas uwevs informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb kanonSi cvlilebebis inicirebas da kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebis siis gadaxedvas. sabWo aseve koordinirebas uwevs kiber-

usafrTxoebis strategiis gadaxedvis process, romelic amJamad mimdinareobs. sabWos mTavari gamowveva am mimarTulebiT samTavrobo uwyebebs Soris efeqturi TanamSromlobis miRwevaa.

39-e gverdze warmodgenilia saqarTvelos mTavrobis kiber da

informaciul usafrTxoebaze pasuxismgebeli uwyebebisa da qveuwye-

bebis sqema.

iusticiis saministro _ monacemTa gacvlis saagento /CERT

qveynis masStabiT informaciul da kiberusafrTxoebaze momuSave mTavar organos warmoadgens monacemTa gacvlis saagento (mgs). es aris sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, romelic iusticiis saministros eqvemdebareba. saagento 2010 wlis ianvarSi amoqmedda. misi ZiriTadi funqciebia eleqtronuli mTavrobis ganviTareba, monacemTa gacvlis infrastruqturis Seqmna da ganviTareba, sainformacio da kibersivrcis usafrTxoeba, cnobierebis amaRleba, ICT standartebis gansazRvra saja-

ro seqtorisTvis da informaciuli usafrTxoebis politikis SemuSaveba.saagentos iniciativiT Seiqmna kiberusafrTxoebis forumi, romel-

ic weliwadSi orjer sazogadoebriv sawyisebze aerTianebs saxelmwifo da kerZo seqtoris warmomadgenlebs. forumis mizania informaciuli da kiberusafrTxoebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT ideebisa da mosazre-

bebis gacvla.

39 |

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| 40

saagentos movaleobis mniSvnelovani nawilia gansazRvruli kriti-

kuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebis informaciuli usafrTxoe-

bis uzrunvelyofa. saagentos funqciebia:

• cnobierebis amaRlebis TvalsazrisiT saganmanaTleb-

lo programebis ganxocieleba kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebis, sxvadasxva samTavrobo struqture-

bis, adgilobrivi internetteqnologiebis organizaciebis warmamadgenlebisa da farTo sazogadoebisTvis.

• samTavrobo uwyebebis mxardaWera sainformacio usafr-

Txoebis politikis miRebasa da gatarebaSi.

• sainformacio usafrTxoebis saxelmwifo standartebis da procedurebis SemuSaveba kanonmdeblobisa da regula-

ciebis Sesabamisad (ISO 27000-ze dayrdnobiT).

• saqarTvelos kompiuterul incidentebze swrafi reagire-

bis jgufis (CERT) marTva. CERT-ma muSaoba daiwyo 2011 wlis ianvarSi, monacemTa gacvlis saagentos bazaze. misi ZiriT-

adi funqciebia:

– kiberincidentebze reagireba, maTi gaanalizeba da re-

komendaciebis gacema;

– saqarTvelos kibersivrcis monitoringi da analizi;

– penetraciis (SeRwevadobis) testis servisis miwodeba werilobiTi kontraqtis safuZvelze;

– IP monitoringis servisis miwodeba da internetqselSi saziano trafikis identifikacia;

– blokirebis (Sav siaSi Seyvanis) servisis miwodeba;

– sawyisi kodis statikuri analizi da momsaxurebis mi-wodeba;

– zianis momtani programebis aRmoCena da analizi;

– incidentis marTvis treningis Catareba kritikuli in-formaciuli sistemis subieqtis warmomadgenlebisTvis.

monacemTa gacvlis saagentom ganaxorciela informaciuli usaf-

rTxoebis politikis ganviTarebisa da ganxorcielebis farTomasSta-

biani proeqti iusticiis saministroSi, saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministroSi, saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelo-

bisa da socialuri dacvis saministrosa da saqarTvelos parlamentSi. msgavsi proeqtebi mimdinareobs sxva saministroebSic.

kiberincidents kritikuli informaciuli sistemebis subi-

eqtebTan aRmofxvris monacemTa gacvlis saagento. 2014 wels gauSves kiberincidentebis marTvis ganaxlebuli sistema _ OTRS. sistemis

41 |

amuSavebis Semdeg kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebSi dafiqsirda 350 incidenti. yvela Setyobinebul incidentze CERT-ma moaxdina reagireba.57

saqarTvelos CERT-i axdens nebismieri kiberincidentis identifi-

cirebas, SeCerebas da masze reagirebas. Sefasdeba Tu ara esa Tu is inci-

denti, rogorc kibersabotaJi, kiberterorizmi an rogorc wminda kiber-

kriminali, es calke sakiTxia, romelic unda gadawyvitos calkeulma uwyebebma, romelTac aseT kanondarRvevebze sagamoZiebo iurisdiqcia aqvT.

saqarTvelos CERT-i TanamSromlobs mraval ucxoel partniorTan. maT Soris arian: Shadow Server, Team Cymru, Arbor Networks, Network Security Incident Exchange; Quarantine Net; Clean MX. am organizaciebTan TanamSrom-

lobisa da sakuTari Zalisxmevis Sedegad, saqarTvelos CERT-i TveSi sa-Sualod 20 fiSingis, 30-dan-35-mde zianis momtani programebis Semcveli saitebis aRmofxvras da 25-30 saxecvlili, dazianebuli vebgverdis aR-

dgenas uzrunvelyofs. saqarTvelos CERT-ma 2014 wels miiRo `CERT~-is oficialuri savaW-

ro niSani. is Semdegi saerTaSiroso organizaciebis wevria:

• saerTaSoriso telekomunikaciebis kavSiri (ITU), 2011 wli-

dan.

• kompiuterul incidentebze reagirebisa da usafrTxoebis jgufTa forumi (FIRST), 2013 wlidan.

• Trusted Introducer (TI) _ CERT-ebis evropuli gaerTianeba, 2012 wlidan.

CERT.GOV.GE aseve gegmavs evropul mTavrobaTa kompiuterul safrTxeebze swrafi reagirebis jgufTa asociaciis wevrobas.

personalTan dakavSirebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom monacemTa gacvlis saagentos hyavs oTxi sertificirebuli informaciuli usafrTxoebis me-nejeri (CISM-Certifi ed Information Security Manager) da ori sertificirebuli informaciuli sistemis auditori (CISA-Certifi ed Information System Auditor).

monacemTa gacvlis saagentom saerTaSoriso programebisa da kon-

taqtebis mniSvnelovani qseli ganaviTara. erT-erTia GITI-is (Georgian IT In-novations) _ saerTaSoriso donis yovelwliuri konferenciis _ daarseba, romelic kiberusafrTxoebasa da informaciuli teqnologiebis saki T-

xebs exeba. 2014 wlis noemberSi es konferencia meSvided Catarda. meore magaliTia NATO-s programis `mecniereba mSvidobisa da

usafrTxoebisTvis~ (SPS) farglebSi dawyebuli axali proeqti, rome-

lic kiberusafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebu-

li saSualebebis SemuSavebas da samxreT kavkasiisa da Savi zRvis auz-

is qveynebSi regionuli kiberTavdacvis uzrunvelyofas gulisxmobs. pirveli regionuli seminari gaimarTa 2015 wlis ivnisSi.58 am proeqtis farglebSi samuSao Sexvedrebi meored gaimarTa oqtomberSi.

| 42

Sinagan saqmeTa saministro _ centraluri kriminaluri policiis departamenti

kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola Sinagan saqmeTa saministros kompetencias warmoadgens. 2012 wlis dekemberSi Sss-is centralu-

ri kriminaluri policiis departamentSi Seiqmna kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelo, romlis mTavari funqciaa kiber-

sivrceSi Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebebis gamovlena, aRkve-

Ta da prevencia. sammarTvelos Seqmna ganapiroba kiberdanaSaulis Sesaxeb evropis konvenciiT aRebulma valdebulebebma, rac wevri qveynisgan moiTxovs kiberkriminalis winaaRmdeg brZolis mizniT spe-cialuri samsaxuris Seqmnas. sammarTvelo ori ganyofilebisgan Sedge-

ba: teqnologiuri kvlevisa da danergvis ganyofileba da akrZaluli Sinaarsisa da pornografiuli masalebis gavrcelebasTan brZolis ganyofileba. amJamad sammarTveloSi 15 TanamSromelia. sammarTvelo aseve moicavs 24/7 kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTaSoriso sakontaqto punqts.

Sss-Si agreTve funqcionirebs saeqsperto-kriminalistikuri mTa-

vari sammarTvelos kompiuterul-cifruli eqspertizis ganyofileba, romelic axorcielebs sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Sedegad miRebuli cifruli mtkicebulebebis eqspertizas. operatiul-teqnikuri de-

partamenti, romelic funqcionirebda, rogorc Sss-is CERT-i, gadavida axladSeqmnili saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxuris daqvemdebare-

baSi. departamentis resursi gamoye nebuli iyo saWiroebisas, kiber-

danaSaulis gamoZiebis procesSi. sxva alternativa, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, aris levan samxaraulis erovnuli eqspertizis biuro _

sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, romelic Sss-is daqvemdebarebaSia. kompiuteruli eqspertiza erT-erTia im uamravi servisidan, rasac es biuro asrulebs.

Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi SeimuSaves standartuli ope-

raciuli procedurebi cifruli mtkicebulebebis pirveladi mop-

yrobis Sesaxeb. mocemuli dokumentebi gansazRvravs programuli uzrunvelyofis im saxeebsa da teqnikur wesebs, romelTa mixedviTac unda ganxorcieldes cifruli mtkicebulebebis damuSaveba. am etapze mimdinareobs aRniSnuli dokumentis saboloo srulyofa.

Sss-is akademiaSi aseve SeimuSaves treningmodulebi, romlebic moi-

cavs kiberdanaSaulTan dakavSirebul Semdeg sakiTxebs:

• kiberdanaSaulis SemTxvevebis analizi;

• eleqtronuli mtkicebulebebis Cxreka da amoReba;

• kiberdanaSaulis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi;

• kiberSetevebis tipebi.

43 |

aRsaniSnavia, rom Sss-m 2014 wels daiwyo kiberdanaSaulis cnobado-

bis kampania. Seqmnes moklemetraJiani filmebis seria `identifikacia~, romelic sxvadasxva tipis danaSaulebs exeba. pirveli seria daeTmo kiberdanaSaulis problematikas. proeqti dafinansda saqarTveloSi aSS-is saelCos mier.

kiberdanaSaulebTan brZolis mxriv Sss aqtiurad TanamSromlobs rogorc evropuli qveynebis samarTaldamcav struqturebTan, aseve aSS-is sagamoZiebo federalur biurosTan.

2014 wels Sss-m britaneTis danaSaulTan brZolis erovnul saagen-tosTan xeli moawera urTierTTanamSromlobis Sesaxeb memorandums, romelic sxvadasxva sferoSi (narkodanaSauli, trefikingi, kiberdana-

Sauli) organizebul danaSaulTan brZolaSi TanamSrolobas da infor-

maciis gacvlas gulisxmobs. saministro aqtiurad TanamSromlobs saerTaSoriso organi-

zaciebTan, CarTulia donorebis mier inicirebul sxvadasxva proeqtSi. 2011-2014 wlebSi Sinagan saqmeTa saministro aseve CarTuli iyo aRmosav-

leT partniorobis egidiT mimdinare proeqtSi `TanamSromloba kiber-

danaSaulis winaaRmdeg~. am proeqtis mizani iyo qarTuli samarTal-

damcavi uwyebebis SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba kiberdanaSaulTan brZolis procesSi.59

2012 wlidan estoneTis xelisuflebis mxardaWeriT ganxorciel-

da proeqti, romelic iTvaliswinebda saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros SesaZleblobebis gazrdas kiberdanaSaulis gamoZiebi-

sa da cifruli mtkicebulebebis amoRebis mimarTulebiT. es prog-

rama dasrulda, magram samomavlod igegmeba misi ganaxleba. 2013 wels Sss policiis akademiaSi aSS-is saelCos ZalisxmeviT amerikis ga-moZiebis federaluri biuros (FBI) warmomadgenlebma kiberdanaSaulis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT treningi Caatares. 2014 wels Sss-is war-

momadgenlebi saswavlo vizitebiT, romlebic exeboda organizebul danaSaulTan da sxvadasxva tipis kiberdanaSaulTan brZolas, imyofe-

bodnen safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, poloneTsa da britaneTSi. Sss-is Ta-

namSromlebi aseve monawileobas iReben sxvadasxva treningprogramaSi, rac xels uwyobs maTi kvalifi kaciis amaRlebasa da kiberdanaSulis wi-naaRmdeg ufro efeqtur brZolas.

saministros warmomadgenlebma CvenTan saubrisas ganacxades, rom kiberdanaSaulis formebi ufro da ufro ixveweba da, Sesabamisad, maTTan brZola rTuldeba: `imisTvis, rom efeqturad ebrZolo am problemas, unda gqondes maRali donis teqnikuri SesaZleblobebi. maRali kvali-

fikaciis unarebis SeZena SesaZlebelia mxolod maRali donis teqniku-

ri treningebis meSveobiT.~ kerZod, sagamoZiebo moqmedebebSi sammarT-

velos warmomadgenlebma ganacxades, rom maT esaWiroebaT treningebi dasavluri taqtikis, meTodebisa da procedurebis (TTPs) ukeT Sesas-wavlad. kerZod, kompiuteruli eqspertizis, mtkicebulebis amoRebis, teq nikuri analizis, aseve sxvadasxva qveynis Sesabamisi struqturebidan informaciis gamoTxovisa da eqstradiciis wesebis Sesaswavlad.

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saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxuri

2015 wlis ivlisSi, saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenilebiT, Seiqmna saqarTvelos saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxuri. samsaxuris saqmia-nobis mTavari mimarTulebebia: saqarTvelos konstituciuri wyo-

bilebis, suverenitetis, teritoriuli mTlianobisa da samxedro po-

tencialis dacva ucxo qveynebis specialuri samsaxurebisa da calkeul pirTa marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebisagan; saxelmwifo konstituci-

uri wyobilebisa da saxelmwifo xelisuflebis arakonstituciuri, Zaladob rivi gziT Secvlis gamovlena da dacvis uzrunvelyofa; qvey-nis ekonomikuri usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa; terorizmTan brZo-

la; transnacionaluri organizebuli da saerTaSoriso danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola; korufciis winaaRmdeg brZola; saxelmwifo saidum-

loebis reJimis dacva. saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxuris SemadgenlobaSi Sss-dan ga-

davida iseTi danayofebi, rogoricaa: kontrteroristuli centri, kontrdazvervis departamenti, saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxuri, antikorufciuli saagento, specialuri operaciebis departamenti da operatiul-teqnikuri departamenti.60 operatiul-teqnikuri depar-

tamenti, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 143.1 muxliT, pasuxismgebelia faruli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi ganaxor-

cielos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad. aRniSnuli mux-

li iTva liswinebs satelefono saubris farul miyuradebas da Caweras da informaciis moxsnasa da fiqsacias kavSirgabmulobis arxidan. Tum-

ca aRniSnuli departamentis axladSeqmnil saxelmwifo struqturaSi gadasvla Sss-s ar arTmevs faruli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxor-

cielebis SesaZleblobas.

prokuratura da sasamarTlo xelisufleba

bunebrivia, samarTaldamcavi sistemis muSaobisTvis mxolod kiber-

danaSaulTan brZolis efeqturi politika ar aris sakmarisi; bralm-

debelsac da mosamarTlesac Sesabamisad unda esmodeT sakiTxis arsi. prokuraturis da sasamarTlo sistemis moxeleebisTvis erTgvari ga-mowvevaa kiberteqnologiebis mzard temps mihyvnen. CvenTan saubrisas amaze ilaparakes monacemTa gacvlis saagentos da aseve Sss-is kiber-

danaSaulTan brZolis sammarTvelos warmomadgenlebma. kerZod, Sss-is warmomadgenlebma aRniSnes, rom prokurorebs da mosamarTleebs saTanadod ar esmiT gansaxilveli kibersaqmeebi. rogorc Tqves, iyo ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac myari samxilisa da wardgenili mtkice-

bulebis amoRebis proceduris sruli dacvis miuxedavad, `saboloo ganaCeni ar iyo adekvaturi, swored im mizeziT, rom maT ara aqvT kiber-

saqmeebze muSaobis Sesabamisi codna da gamocdileba~.arsebul problemasTan gamklavebis mizniT monacemTa gacvlis

saagentom 2014 wlis martSi prokuraturis TanamSromlebs kiber-

Tematikaze treningi Cautara. swavleba moicavda iseT sakiTx-

45 |

ebs, rogoricaa kiberdanaSaulis formebi da meTodebi, kiber-

usafrTxoeba da kibersamarTali. trenings 10 TanamSromeli daeswro. erTi-erTma oficialurma pirma CvenTan saubarisas ga-

nacxada, rom `iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac prokuraturis ramdenime warmomadgeneli gamoeTiSa swavlebis kurss, radganac es Tema maT-

Tvis metismetad rTuli iyo. es aris is erT-erTi umTavresi prob-

lema, romelic aucileblad unda mogvardes~. rogorc Cans, es aris aqilevsis qusli saqarTvelos ZalisxmevisTvis ebrZolos kiber-

danaSauls. prokuraturis warmomadgenelma CvenTan saubrisas aR-

niSna, rom zogierT SemTxvevaSi rTulia kibersaqmeebis teqnikuri mxaris gageba, rac garkveulwilad rTuli gamowvevis winaSe gvayenebs.

Tavdacvis saministro

2013 wlis 24 dekembers saqarTvelos parlamentma kanonSi infor-

maciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi moqmedi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris (Semdgom _ kiberusafrTxoebis biuro) SeqmnasTan dakavSirebiT Ses-woreba Seitana.61 biuro oficialurad 2014 wlis TebervalSi Seiqmna. mogvianebiT, imave wels, kanonSi Setanil iqna cvlilebebi Tavdacvis sferoSi kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebis damtkice-

bis Sesaxeb. Tavdacvis sferoSi kritikuli informaciuli subieqtebis mniSvnelobis klasificirebas adgens saqarTvelos mTavroba. proeqti saqarTvelos mTavrobas dasamtkiceblad waredgina saqarTvelos ius-

ticiis saministrosa da saqarTvelos Tavdacvisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saministroebis erToblivi SeTanxmebis safuZvelze.

Tavdacvis sferoSi kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebis sia damtkicda saqarTvelos mTavrobis #567 dadgenilebis safuZvelze 2014 wlis 29 seqtembers.62 siaSi Sedis Semdegi organizaciebi:

1. saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro;

2. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ kiberusafrTxoebis biuro;

3. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ Tavdacvis saminis-tros samxedro hospitali;

4. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ kadetTa samxedro liceumi;

5. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ saqarTvelos erov-

nuli Tavdacvis akademia.

biuros mTavari misiaa Tavdacvis sferoSi informaciuli da ki-berusafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa, potenciuri kiberriskebisa da safrTxeebis aRmofxvra, drouli reagireba da am mizniT efeqtu-

ri meTodebis SemuSaveba. biuro aqtiurad muSaobs relevanturi sakanonmdeblo CarCos SemuSavebis kuTxiTac, rom ufro dauaxlo-

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vdes saerTaSoriso standartebs. amasTan, kanonSi aseve xazgasmulia, rom informaciuli usafrTxoebis politika unda pasuxobdes stan-

dartizaciis saerTaSoriso organizaciis (ISO) da informaciuli sistemebis auditisa da kontrolis asociaciis (ISACA) mier dadgenil minimalur moTxovnebs. amavdroulad, qveynis SigniT samTavrobo struqturebs Soris efeqturi TanamSromloba, saerTaSoriso orga-

nizaciebTan, partnior qveynebTan urTierTobis gaRrmaveba biuros miznebis Semadgeneli nawilia.

biuros SemadgenlobaSi muSaobs kompiuterul incidentebze re-

agirebis sakoordinacio centri (CSIRT/CC) da kompiuterul inciden-

tebze reagirebis jgufi (CSIRT).

ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro

ekonomikis saministros proeqtis _ `inovaciuri saqarTvelo 2020~ _ mizania saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTareba ICT teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT. aRniSnuli proeqtis erT-erT mTavar mizans 2020 wlis-

Tvis swored saqarTvelos informaciisa da komunikaciis indeqsebis gaumjobeseba warmoadgens. saqarTvelos inovaciebisa da teqnolo-

giebis axladSeqmnili saagento, romelic saministros Semadgenloba-

Si funqcionirebs, miznad isaxavs teqnoparkebis, IT inkubatorebisa da inovaciuri laboratoriebis dafuZnebasa da zogadad, saqarTvelos ICT regionalur habad (centrad) qcevas.

ekonomikis saministro da saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisia programis _ `saqarTvelo: informaciisa da komunikaciebis politikisa da regulaciis SemuSavebis~ _ farglebSi TanamSromlobs fineTis mTavrobasa da evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bank-Tan (EBRD). programis ZiriTadi mizania moamzados kompleqsuri sap-roeqto dokumentacia saqarTveloSi informaciisa da komunikaciebis politikis Sesaxeb. EBRD-is eqspertebis daxmarebiT SemuSavda doku-

mentebi `cifrul mauwyeblobaze gadasvlis politika~ da `cifruli mauwyeblobis sakanonmdeblo samoqmedo gegma~.

saqarTvelos eleqtronul sakomunikacio qselebSi Catarda far-

TomasStabiani reforma _ SemuSavda satelefono kodebis erovnuli aTvlis axali sistema. amis Sedegad amoqmedda qalaqebisa da adminis-

traciuli centrebis axali satelefono kodebi, adgilobrivi satele-

fono qselebis, mobiluri da usadeno fiqsirebuli satelefono qselebis axali numeracia.

47 |

I saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisia

saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisia aris erT-erTi mniSv-nelovani saxelmwifo instituti saqarTveloSi. mas aqvs internetser-

visebis momwodebeli kompaniebis regulirebisa da zedamxedvelobis man-dati, maT Soris _ am kompaniebis usafrTxoebis wesebzec. aseve SeiZleba komisiis kiberusafrTxoebis sakomunikacio platformad ga moyeneba internetservisis mimwodebel kompaniebs Soris da, aseve, kiberdana-

Saul-Tan brZolis sammarTvelosa da saqarTvelos CERT-s Soris.TanamSromlobis meqanizmebis garda, saqarTvelos komunikaciebis

erovnul komisias, rogorc maregulirebel organos, SeuZlia xeli Seuw yos kiberusafrTxoebis gaumjobesebis process. kerZod, inter-

netservisis mimwodebel kompaniebSi nebayoflobiTi kodeqsis an Tun-

dac savaldebulo praqtikis SemoRebiT mosTxovos maT iqonion infi-

cirebuli kompiuterebisa da zianis momtani trafikis Setyobinebis sistema da mTavrobisTvis kiberusafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli mo-

salodneli seriozuli safrTxeebis Setyobinebis mizniT Sesabamisi angariSgebis meqanizmebi SeimuSaon.

amrigad, internetprovaiderebi SeZleben mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanon bevrad usafrTxo kibergaremos SeqmnaSi rogorc rigiTi momx-

mareblisTvis, aseve ufro masStaburi TvalsazrisiT.

I personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtori

saqarTveloSi personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtoris institu-

ti 2013 wlis ivlisSi SemoiRes. organizaciis Seqmna ganapiroba perso-

nalur monacemTa dacvis Sesaxeb kanonma, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 2012 wlis maisSi.63 am kanonis mizania personaluri monacemebis damuSavebisas uzrunvelyos adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa, maT Soris, pira-

di cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis dacva. personalur monacemTa dacvis in-speqtori zedamxedvelobas uwevs saqarTveloSi personalur monacemTa dacvis maregulirebeli kanonmdeblobis Sesrulebas da axorcielebs monacemTa damuSavebis kanonierebaze kontrols sajaro da kerZo dawesebule bebisaTvis. inspeqtoris movaleobebia monacemTa dacvasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze konsultaciis gaweva, monacemTa dacvasTan dakavSirebuli gancxadebebisa da saCivrebis ganxilva da saqarTveloSi monacemTa dacvis mdgomareobisa da masTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani movlenebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis informireba.

amavdroulad, kanonis Tanaxmad, inspeqtors ufleba aqvs ganaxor-

cielos monacemTa damuSavebis kanonierebis Semowmeba/inspeqtireba sa-jaro da kerZo dawesebulebebSi. Tuki inspeqtori aRmoaCens darRvevebs,

| 48

mas ufleba aqvs moiTxovos monacemTa naklovanebebis gamosworeba mi-sive miTiTebuli formiT da miTiTebul vadaSi, moiTxovos monacemTa damuSavebis droebiT an samudamod Sewyveta, maTi dablokva, waSla, ga-nadgureba an depersonalizacia, Tu miiCnevs, rom monacemTa damuSaveba xorcieldeboda kanonis sawinaaRmdegod. mas aseve ufleba aqvs monacem-

Ta dammuSavebels an uflebamosil pirs daakisros administraciuli pasuximgebloba kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT.

I inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis uflebebis dacva

saqarTvelos inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis erovnuli centri _

`saqpatenti~ warmoadgens sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirs. saqarT-

velos kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, `saqpatenti~ gansazRvravs intele-

qtualuri sakuTrebis politikas. `saqpatentSi~ konsolodirebulia inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis yvela ZiriTadi sfero: samrewvelo sa-kuTreba, saavtoro, momijnave uflebebi da sxva. meore organizacia, ro-

melic am mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs, aris saqarTvelos saavtoro uflebaTa asociacia.

I kerZo seqtori

saqarTvelos samecniero-saganmanaTleblo kompiuteruli qselebis asociacia (grena)

organizacia grena saqarTveloSi 1999 wlidan funqcionirebs. or-

ganizaciaSi dasaqmebulia 14 adamiani. grenas proeqtebi xorcield-

eba universitetebTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT, evrokavSiris, natos samecniero programebis, fondi `Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelos~

da saerTaSoriso mecnierebis da teqnologiebis samecniero centris mxardaWeriT. rogorc kiberusafrTxoebis yvelaze adreulma orga-

nizaciam saqarTveloSi, grenam iTamaSa mniSvnelovani roli rusuli kiberSetevebis SemsubuqebaSi 2008 wlis omis dros.

2004 wlidan grenas bazaze funqcionirebs Cisco-s regionuli qselu-

ri akademia, romelic msurvelebs sTavazobs Semdeg kursebs:

• Cisco Certifi ed Network Associate (CCNA)

• CCNA Security

• Cisco Certifi ed Network Professional (CCNP)

49 |

grenas aqvs distanciuri swavlebis centri, romelic saSualebas aZlevs studentebs sertificireba gaiaron internetis saSualebiT.

2007 wlidan grena Tavisi wevri organizaciebisTvis ori wevrisgan Semdgar CERT-s marTavs. CERT-i dafuZnda natos samecniero programis mxardaWeriT. CERT-GE aris evropuli CERT-ebis gaerTianebis wevri da mWidrod TanamSromlobs sxvadasxva qveynis kiberusafrTxoebis orga-

nizaciebTan. GRENA CERT-s aqvs Semdegi momsaxureba:

• qselSi ukanono SeWris gamovlenis sistema, romelic amow-

mebs qselebSi Semaval da gamaval paketebs.• incidentis koordinacia _ incidentebis gamoZieba da aR-

mofxvra sxvadasxva qveynis CERT-is jgufebTan TanamSrom-

lobiT.• sxvadasxva kibersafrTxis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrceleba.• IP monitoringi da saqarTvelos qselebSi kiberinciden-

tebis Sesaxeb informaciis moZieba/gavrceleba.

kritikuli infrastruqtura

kerZo mflobelobaSi arsebuli kritikuli infrastruqturis Sesaxeb informaciis warmosadgenad CavatareT interviuebi fiWuri da internetservisis mimwodebel kompaniebTan, bankisa da sazRvao portis warmomadgenlebTan.

• magTikomi emsaxureba mobiluri telefonis daaxloebiT 1.7 milion momxmarebels da mobiluri internetis 700,000 abonents, amavdroulad satelituri samauwyeblo sistemis momxmareblebs. organizacia aseve emsaxureba 64 iusticiis saxls saqarTvelos masStabiT.

• Tibisi banki aris sruli servisis komerciuli banki, rome-

lic funqcionirebs, rogorc saaqcio sazogadoeba. banki emsaxureba daaxloebiT 700,000 klients. misi saTavo ofisi, misi biznesis umetes nawilTan erTad, TbilisSia, Tumca mas biznesinteresebi aqvs azerbaijansa da israelSi.

• APM-terminali funqcionirebs foTis portSi. kompaniis saTavo ofisi aris haagaSi, Tumca misi mflobelia daniuri kompania Danish Maersk jgufia. APM amuSavebs 64 terminals 39 qveyanaSi. foTis porti iRebs ara marto konteinerebs, aramed generalur tvirTebs da gadmotvirTavs 15 nav-

misadgomze, 2,900 metris sigrZis navsadgomSi.

samive kompaniis biznesi Sedgeba infrastruqturisgan, romelic qveynisTvis ukiduresad mniSvnelovania. samive kompania acxadebs, rom

| 50

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mzadaa saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan TanamSrom-

lobisaTvis. maTi motivacia kiberusafrTxoebis RonisZiebebTan dakav-

SirebiT, upirveles yovlisa, momdinareobs maTive biznesinteresebidan

_ Seqmnan ufro xelsayreli garemo usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT, rac ganapirobebs saerTaSoriso standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanas. samive SemTxvevaSi kiberusafrTxoebaze pasuxismgebeli maTi infor-

maciuli usafrTxoebis departamentebi arian.foTis porti pasuxobs ISO 9001-2000 standartebs. Tuki APM Seinar-

Cunebs efeqturobas da usafrTxoebas, porti SeZlebs weliwadSi Tavisi gamtarunarianobis 25 milioni tona tvirTiT gazrdas. kompiuteruli sistema, romelic akontrolebs portis funqcionirebas, daxurulia da dafuZnebulia arafarTo moxmarebis operatiul sistemaze. nakle-

bad mniSvnelovani sistemebi CarTulia internetsa da interfeisSi da dakavSirebulia saqarTvelos sabaJo samsaxurTan da oTx sakonteine-

ro xazTan. radgan portis informaciuli teqnologiebis menejerebis Ziri Tadi sazrunavi daxuruli sistemis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofaa, maTi zrunvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sagani Sida safrTxeebia. aqedan gamomdinare, personalTan dakavSirebiT usafrTxoebis zomebs saTan-

do yuradReba eqceva. kompaniis TiTqmis mTeli personali valdebulia gaiaros kompiuteruli treningis specializebuli kursi.

Tibisi banki misdevs ISO-sa da NIST-is standartebs. metic, Tibisi bank-ma 2014 wlis ivnisSi londonis safondo birJaze aqciebis pirveladi sa-jaro SeTavazeba (IPO _ Initial Public Off ering) ganaxorciela, rac erTmniSv-

nelovnad saWiroebs usafrTxoebis damatebiTi moTxovnebis Sesrulebas. bankis oficialurma warmomadgenelma CvenTan saubrisas ganacxada im riskfaqtorebis Sesaxeb, rac kompiuteruli usafrTxoebis funqcioni-

rebisTvis saWiro saSualebebis da teqnikuri unarebis garedan mozidvas, Sida safrTxeebsa da maRali teqnikuri unarebis TanamSromelTa SezRu-

dul raodenobas axlavs. miuxedavad amisa, oficialurma warmomadgen-

elma CvenTan saubrisas aRniSna maTi kontraqtorebis maRali ndobis xarisxisa da organizaciaSi usafrTxoebis procedurebis saTanadod uzrunvelyofis faqtis Sesaxeb. misi TqmiT, miuxedavad profesionalTa naklebobisa, kargad aris dagegmili kombinirebuli muSaoba da saWiroe-

bis SemTxvevaSi kompiuterul incidentebze swrafi reagirebis gundis Sekreba.

`magTikomis~ usafrTxoebis midgoma SedarebiT kompleqsuria, radganac aerTianebs fizikur usafrTxoebas da kiberusafrTxoebas. kompania unda akmayofilebdes ITU standartebs, Tumca fiWuri satele-

fono kompaniebisaTvis am standartebis dacvis moTxovnebi naklebad mkacria. `magTikomis~ sistema daxurulia da is ar iyenebs gare re-

sursebs. yvelaze didi sazrunavi aris optikurboWkovani kabelis fizikuri usafr Txoeba. `magTikomis~ oficialuri warmomadgenlebi aseve xazs usvamen smartfonebTan dakavSirebiT kiberdanaSaulis mo-

salodneli zrdis saerTo tendencias. smartfonebis momxmarebelTa ricxvi saqarTveloSi naxevar milonze mets aRwevs da es maCvenebeli dRiTidRe izrdeba.

51 |

zemoT warmodgenili mokle aRwera, ra Tqma unda, ar asaxavs kibe-rusafrTxoebis srul suraTs zemoaRniSnul sam kompaniaSi, magram mainc, maTTan saubris Semdeg rCeba STabeWdileba, rom am kompaniebis informaciuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxi saqmisaTvis Tavdadebuli adami-

anebis xelSia, romlebic kargad umklavdebian axal gamowvevebs. amrigad, im samTavrobo struqturebisTvis, romlebic pasuxismge-

beli arian qveynis kiberusafrTxoebaze, mniSvnelovania momzaddes angariSi imis Sesaxeb, Tu kiberusafrTxoebis ra zomebs iReben im ker-

Zo kompaniebSi, romlebic floben kritikul infrastruqturas. amasTa-

nave, mTavrobam unda gamonaxos kerZo kritikuli infrastruqturis subieqtebTan komunikaciisa da muSaobis efeqturi gzebi.

I koncefciebi, kanonebi da gegmebi

erovnuli usafrTxoebis koncefcia

saqarTvelos 2008 wlis gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, axali erovnuli usafrTxoebis koncefciis avtorebi weren:

`2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos omis dros ruseTis federaciam saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, saxmeleTo, sahae-

ro da sazRvao Setevebis paralelurad, mizanmimarTuli da masobrivi kiberTavdasxmebi ganaxorciela. am kiber-

Setevebma aCvena, rom kibersivrcis dacva erovnuli usa-

frTxoebisTvis iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc saxmeleTo, sahaero da sazRvao sivrceebis dacva... saqarTvelosTvis metad mniSvnelovania informaciuli sivrcis usafrTxoe-

ba da eleqtronuli informaciis daculoba. informaci-

uli teqnologiebis swraf ganviTarebasTan erTad izr-

deba maTze saxelmwifos kritikuli infrastruqturis damokidebuleba. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, didi mniSvnelo-

ba eniWeba kiberdanaSaulTan brZolas da kibersivrceSi diversiuli aqtebisgan Tavdacvas~.64

strategia xazs usvams qveynis kiberusafrTxoebis saqmeSi partnior qveynebTan TanamSromlobis mniSvnelobas.

kiberusafrTxoebis strategia da samoqmedo gegma

kiberusafrTxoebis strategia da samoqmedo gegma amJamad gadaxed-

vis procesSia. strategiisa da samoqmedo gegmis ganaxlebuli varian-

tis gamoqveyneba 2015 wlis bolosTvis igegmeba. strategiis gadaxedvis

| 52

process axorcielebs saxelmwifo usafrTxoebisa da krizisebis marT-

vis sabWoSi mudmivmoqmedi SidauwyebaTaSorisi komisia. 2013-2015 wlis ukve arsebuli strategia da samoqmedo gegma 2013

wlis 17 maiss, prezidentis #321 brZanebulebis safuZvelze, damtkicda. saqarTvelos kiberusafrTxoebis strategia SemuSavda 2010-2013 wlis saqarTvelos safrTxeebis Sefasebis dokumentisa da saqarTvelos erovnuli usafrTxoebis koncefciis safuZvelze. dokumenti Seqmna saqarTvelos erovnuli usafrTxoebis sabWoSi mudmivmoqmedma Sidauw-

yebaTaSorisma komisiam, romelsac evaleboda erovnuli usafrTxoebis strategiuli dokumentebis SemuSaveba/koordinacia.

strategia moiTxovs kiberusafrTxoebis sistemis iseTi ZiriTadi principebis Seqmnas, romlebic ara marto gaaadvilebs informaciuli infrastruqturis dacvas kibersafrTxeebisgan, aramed aseve xels Seu-

wyobs qveynis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebas. strategiaSi moce-

mulia Semdegi rva principi, romlebic saWiroa ukeT daculi kiber-

sivrcis misaRwevad: mTavrobis erTiani midgoma; mTavrobasa da kerZo seqtors Soris TanamSromloba; kvleva da analizi; axali sakanonmde-

blo-normatiuli bazis Seqmna; instituciuri koordinacia kiberusa-

frTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad; sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba; saganmanaTleblo bazis Camoyalibeba; treningi da saerTaSoriso Ta-

namSromloba.65

strategiisa da samoqmedo gegmis gadaxedvis procesSi saxelmwifo usafrTxoebisa da krizisebis marTvis sabWo ori gamowvevis winaSe dgas: 1) miaRwios uwyebaTaSoris efeqtur koordinacias raime konkretulis misaRebad da 2) ganaxlebul strategiasa da samoqmedo gegmaSi asaxos mkafio da konkretuli miznebi.

evropis konvencia kiberdanaSaulis Sesaxeb

2012 wlis 6 ivniss saqarTvelom moaxdina evropis sabWos `kiber-

danaSaulis Sesaxeb konvenciis~ ratificireba. am konvencias saqarT-

velom 2008 wels moawera xeli. konvencia moiTxovs rogorc kiber-

gamoZiebis mizniT saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobas, ise saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo bazis harmonizacias konvenciiT dadgenil normebTan. konvenciis ratificirebis daCqarebas xeli Seuwyo `informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb kanonis~ miRebam. aRniSnuli konvencia ZalaSi Sevida 2012 wlis 1 oqtombers.66

2008–2009 wlebSi saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro Car-

Tuli iyo evropis sabWosa da evrokomisiis erTobliv proeqtSi, romelic miznad isaxavda kiberdanaSaulis konvenciasTan qarTu-

li kanonmdeblobis harmonizacias. am proeqtis farglebSi cvli-

lebebi Sevida sisxlis samarTlis kodeqssa da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi.

saqarTvelo ganagrZobs kanonebis gadaxedvisa da Sesworebis pro-

cess, meti sicxadisa da konvenciasTan ufro metad misadagebis mizniT. es aris ganxilvisa da Sesworebis mudmivi procesi. sxva qveynebis

53 |

msgavsad, saqarTvelom unda moaxdinos Tavisi kanonebis adaptire-

ba saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebisa da axali teqnologiebis danergvis Sesabamisad. saqarTvelo, romelmac daaxloebiT 25 wlis win daibru-

na damoukidebloba, mudmivad cdilobs mTeli Tavisi sakanonmdeblo sistemis modernizebas praqtikuli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiTa da megobari qveynebis daxmarebiT.

kanoni informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb

kanoni informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb exeba im iuridiul pirebs da saxelmwifo organoebs, romlebic warmoadgenen kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebs. 2014-sa da 2015 wels kanonSi ramde-

nime cvlileba Sevida. Sesabamisad, kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebisa da maTi kategorizaciiis specialuri sia, Tavdacvis sferos CaTvliT, SesaZloa damtkicdes mxolod saqarTvelos mTavro-

bis brZanebulebis safuZvelze. sias, iusticiis saministro Tavdacvis saministrosTan, Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosTan da axladSeqmnili saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxurTan SeTanxmebiT, dasamtkiceblad warudgenen premier-ministrs. Tavdapirvelad aRniSnuli sia mtkicde-

boda saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebulebis safuZvelze, romelsac prezidentis winaSe dasamtkiceblad saqarTvelos erovnuli usafrT-

xoebis sabWo waradgenda. kidev erTi cvlileba, romelic kanonSi Sevida, ukavSirdeboda Tavdacvis saministroSi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris _ kiberusafrTxoebis biuros Seqmnas.

kanoni adgens kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebis rig valdebulebebsa da moTxovnebs informaciuli usafrTxoebis poli-

tikis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic unda Seesabamebodes stan-

dartizaciis saerTaSoriso organizaciisa (ISO) da informaciuli sistemebis auditisa da kontrolis asociaciis (ISACA) mier dadgenil informaciuli usafrTxoebis standartebs. siaSi arsebuli kritiku-

li informaciis sistemis subieqtebs aseve moeTxovebaT informaciuli usafrTxoebis oficrebisa da kiberusafrTxoebis personalis SerCeva/daniSvna. amasTanave, maT evalebaT ganaxorcielon informaciuli aq-tivis aRricxva kritikulobis Sesabamisi klasis miniWebis Tvalsazri-

siT, rogorc konfidencialuri, SezRuduli, araklasificirebuli an Ria informaciuli aqtivi. kanoni uflebamosilebas aniWebs kritikuli infrastruqturis gansazRvrul subieqts, rom informaciuli sistemis auditisa da SeRwevadobis (penetraciis) testis Catarebis mizniT dai-

qiravos Tavisi SerCeuli, Sesabamisi kompetenciis mqone damoukidebeli piri an organizacia. testis Catarebis wess normatiuli aqtiT adgens monacemTa gacvlis saagento. kritikuli infrastruqturis subieq-

ti valdebulia moaxdinos kompiuteruli usafrTxoebis incidentebis identificireba da maTze reagireba.

kanoni aseve gansazRvravs saqarTvelos CERT-is, rogorc erovnuli CERT-is, uflebebs da interaqciis dones, aseve _ informaciis gacvlas kritikuli informaciuli sistemebis mflobelebTan.

| 54

CERT-s ara aqvs subieqtebis monacemebze wvdomis ufleba maTi ne-barTvis gareSe. es im SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli, Tuki kritikuli infor-

maciis sistemis subieqti nebayoflobiT miscems monacemTa gacvlis saagento CERT-s amis saSualebas. Tavis mxriv, kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtis informaciuli usafrTxoebis menejeri valdebu-

lia miawodos informacia CERT-s kompiuteruli incidentebis Sesa xeb. Tumca, subieqtis survilzea damokidebuli, ramdenad unda CERT-is dax-

mareba. nebismier iuridiul pirs an saxelmwifo organos, romelic ar aris warmodgenili kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebis si-aSi, SeuZlia nebayoflobiT aiRos valdebuleba da aamuSaos kanonmdeb-

lobaSi gaTvaliswinebuli informaciuli usafrTxoebis meqanizmebi.67

am kanonis moqmedeba ar vrceldeba masmediaze, sagamomcemlo, samecniero, saganmanaTleblo, religiur da sazogadoebriv orga-

nizaciebsa da politikur partiebze, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania maTi saqmianoba qveynis Tavdacvis an/da ekonomikuri usafrTxoebisTvis, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis an/da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis SenarCunebisTvis.

aRniSnuli kanoni aseve regulirdeba rigi normatiuli aqtebiT, romlebic gansazRvraven da adgenen samarTlebriv instrumentebs praq-

tikuli ganxorcielebisaTvis. dRemde arsebobs monacemTa gacvlis saa-gentos mier gamocemuli Svidi normatiuli aqti:

• monacemTa gacvlis saagentos kompiuterul incidentebze daxmarebis jgufis Sesaxeb;

• kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtis informaci-

uli usafrTxoebis menejerisaTvis minimaluri standar-

tebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb; • qseluri sensoris konfiguraciis wesebis Sesaxeb;• informaciuli usafrTxoebis minimaluri moTxovnebis

Sesaxeb; informaciuli usafrTxoebis auditis Catare-

bis uflebamosilebis mqone pirTa da organizaciaTa mier avtorizaciis gavlis wesis Sesaxeb da avtorizaciis proce-

durebisa da safasuris Sesaxeb; • informaciuli usafrTxoebis auditis Catarebis wesis Sesaxeb; • informaciuli aqtivebis marTvis wesebis Sesaxeb.

Tavdacvis saministros kiberusafrTxoebis biuros gamocemuli

aqvs sami normatiuli aqti:

• Tavdacvis saministros sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli

piris, kiberusafrTxoebis biuros kompiuterul inciden-

tebze daxmarebis jgufis Sesaxeb;

• informaciuli usafrTxoebis minimaluri standartebis Sesaxeb;

• informaciuli aqtivebis marTvis wesebis Sesaxeb.

55 |

kiberusafrTxoebis biuro Tavdacvis sferoSi gansazRvruli kri-

tikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebisTvis standartebsa da

moTxovnebs ISO-sa da ISACA-s mier dadgenili wesebis Sesabamisad gan-

sazRvravs. informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb kanonSi cvlilebebi

ganxorcielda im mizniT, rom bevrad efeqturad yofiliyo SesaZlebeli

kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebSi konfidencialuri da

Sida moxmarebis informaciis dacva.

kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebis ganaxlebuli sia,

romelic premier-ministris #312 brZanebulebis safuZvelze damtkicda

2014 wlis 29 aprils:68

1. saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro;

2. saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saministro;

3. saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministro;

4. saqarTvelos finansTa saministro;

5. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro;

6. saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis

saministro;

7. saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis

saministro;

8. saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro;

9. saqarTvelos parlamenti;

10. saqarTvelos prezidentis administracia;

11. saqarTvelos mTavrobis kancelaria;

12. saqarTvelos erovnuli banki;

13. saqarTvelos mTavari prokuratura;

14. Tbilisis meria;

15. saqarTvelos centraluri saarCevno komisiis aparati;

16. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ `smart lojiqi~;

17. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis

saagento;

18. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ socialuri momsaxurebis

saagento;

19. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ Sefasebisa da gamocdebis

erovnuli centri;

20. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ saxelmwifo servisebis

ganviTarebis saagento;

21. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ safinanso-analitikuri

samsaxuri;

22. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ sajaro reestris erovnu-

li saagento;

23. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, Semosavlebis samsaxuri;

| 56

24. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ saqarTvelos finansuri

monitoringis samsaxuri;

25. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ samedicino saqmianobis

saxelmwifo regulirebis saagento;

26. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ l. sayvareliZis saxelo-

bis daavadebaTa kontrolisa da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis

erovnuli centri;

27. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, samedicino mediaciis samsax-

uri;

28. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ samoqalaqo aviaciis saagen-

to;

29. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ sazRvao transportis saa-

gento;

30. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ saxmeleTo transportis

saagento;

31. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ ganaTlebis marTvis sain-

formacio sistema;

32. saaqcio sazogadoeba `saqarTvelos rkinigza~;

33. SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba `saqaeronavigacia~;

34. SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba ̀ saqarTvelos aero-

portebis gaerTianeba~;

35. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ ganaTlebis xarisxis ganvi-

Tarebis erovnuli centri;

36. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros saxelmwifo saqveuw-

yebo dawesebuleba _ saqarTvelos sasazRvro policia;

37. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ saqarTvelos Sinagan

saqmeTa saministros momsaxurebis saagento;

38. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sajaro samarTlis iu-

ridiuli piri _ `112~;

39. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ garemos dacvis erovnuli

saagento.

informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb kanonis miRebiT saqarTve-

lom SeZlo evropis konvenciasTan miaxloeba da miaRwia imaze mets, vidre zogierTma SedarebiT didma demokratiulma qveyanam. aRsaniS-

navia, rom am kanonTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs ori gamowveva: pirveli _

mTavrobasa da kerZo organizaciebs Soris efeqtiani TanamSromlobis miRweva. amasTan dakavSirebiT mTavrobis ramdenime warmomadgenelma CvenTan saubrisas aRniSna, rom kerZo struqturebis mxridan TanamS-

romlobisaTvis mzadyofna sakmaod dabalia. meore _ profesionali kadrebis nakleboba, rac upirobod saWiroa kanonis sruli amoqmedebi-

saTvis. erTma eqspertma, romelmac ar isurva Tavisi saxelis gacxade-

ba, aRniSna, rom:

57 |

`saqarTvelos verc erTi universiteti ver iZleva karg

ganaTlebas kompiuteruli mecnierebisa da kiberusafrTx-

oebis dargSi. arc erT universitets ar Seswevs amis unari.

informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb kanonis efeqtiani

amoqmedeba aris gamowveva _ gana Cven gvyavs kiberusafrTx-

oebis dargis sakmarisi specialistebi, romlebic daak-

mayofileben kanonSi mocemul yvela moTxovnas? yvela Ca-

moTvlil organizacias, romelTa ricxvi 39-ia, sWirdeba am

problemaze momuSave, sul mcire, 2-3 piri. SevZlebT ki amas?

amisaTvis Cven ar gvaqvs sakmarisi adamianuri resursi~.

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi

saqarTveloSi kiberdanaSaulis dasjis sakiTxebs aregulirebs sis xlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 25-e, 27-e, 32-e, 35-e, 38-e Tave-

bi, romlis mixedviTac, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba ekisreba pirs kibersivrceSi qvemoT CamoTvlili ukanono qmedebis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi:69

• kompiuterul sistemaSi ukanonod SeRweva (muxli 284);

• damazianebeli kompiuteruli programis Seqmna, gamoyeneba an gavrceleba (muxli 285);

• kompiuteruli sistemis xelyofa an/da kompiuteruli mo-

nacemis dazianeba, waSla da modificireba (muxli 286);

• pornografiuli produqciis ukanonod damzadeba an/da wi-naswari SecnobiT arasrulwlovnis gamosaxulebis Semcve-

li pornografiuli produqciis SeZena, Senaxva, Cvenebaze daswreba, SeTavazeba, gavrceleba, gadacema, reklamireba, xelmisawvdomobis sxvagvari uzrunvelyofa an aseTi pro-

duqciiT sargebloba (muxli 255);

• arasrulwlovnis Cabma pornografiuli an pornografiuli xasiaTis sxva produqciis ukanonod damzadebasa da gasaRe-

baSi (muxli 255.1);

• saavtoro uflebisa Tu raime momijnave uflebis mflobe-

lisa da monacemTa bazis damamzadeblis uflebis xelyofa (muxli 189);

• kiberterorizmi (muxli 324.1);

• yalbi sakredito an saangariSsworebo baraTis damzadeba, gasaReba an gamoyeneba (muxli 210);

• TaRliToba, anu marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT sxvisi nivTis daufleba an qonebrivi uflebis miReba motyu-

ebiT (muxli 180).

| 58

324.1 muxlSi Sesworeba Sevida 2012 wels, 255-e da 255.1 muxlebSi

_ 2013 wels. 285-e muxlSi Sesworeba Sevida 2014 wels, raTa momxdari-

yo maTi SesabamisobaSi moyvana evropis konvenciasTan. mTavroba moma-

valSic gegmavs arsebuli kanonebis gadaxedvas. es Sesworebebi Sedis kanonis Tvis meti simkveTris miniWebisa da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblo-

bis konvenciis dadgenil standartebTan miaxloebis mizniT.

organizebul danaSaulTan brZolis strategia

2013 wels Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom SeimuSava organizebul dana-

SaulTan brZolis strategiis proeqti, romelSic 1.3 qveTavi kiberdana-

SaulTan brZolas exeba. strategiaSi mocemulia ukve ganxorcielebuli iniciativebis zogadi mimoxilva da Semdgomi nabijebi, romlebic unda gadaidgas kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. strategiaSi ganxilulia Sss-is kiberdanaSaulTan brZolis ZiriTadi miznebi: sazo-

gadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba, sakanonmdeblo bazis perioduli ga-dasinjva, kiberdanaSaulTan brZolaSi CarTuli saagentoebis (samTav-

robo uwyebebis) SesaZleblobebis gazrda, TanamSromlobis gaRr maveba samarTaldamcav organoebsa da kerZo seqtors Soris, aseve TanamS-

romlobis gaRrmaveba Tanamoazre qveynebTan da saerTaSoriso orga-

nizaciebTan (OECD, EU, OSCE, NATO, UN, ITU, CoE). aRniSnuli strategia daamtkica saqarTvelos mTavrobam 2013 wlis oqtomberSi.70

cvlilebebi kanonebSi eleqtronuli TvalTvalis Sesaxeb

2014 wlis seqtemberSi ZalaSi Sevida personalur monacemTa dacvis Sesaxeb kanonSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebi. am cvlilebebis mixed-

viT, personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtors gaezarda uflebamo-

sileba, misi mandati gavrcelda samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier monacemTa damuSavebaze da masve daevala faruli miyuradebisa da TvalTvalis kanonTan Sesabamisobis zedamxedvelobac. kanonis es debuleba exeba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 143.1 a) muxliT gaTvaliswinebul farul sagamoZiebo moqmedebebs, rac moicavs satele-

fono saubris farul miyuradebas da Caweras. zemoaRniSnulma cvlilebebma Sesworebebi gamoiwvia operati-

ul-samZebro RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb kanonSi, sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso kodeqsSi, eleqtronuli komunikaciebis Sesaxeb kanonSi. sakanon-

mdeblo cvlilebebi arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mxridan didi gansjisa da kritikis sagani gaxda.

amrigad, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi Setanili cvli-

lebebis mixedviT, satelefono saubris faruli Cawera/miyuradebis procesi teqnikurad xorcieldeba oretapiani eleqtronuli sistemis meSveobiT, romlis Tanaxmad, saWiroa ori subieqtis Tanxmoba, raTa teq-

nikurad daiwyos faruli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Sesruleba. aqedan

59 |

erTi subieqti aris uflebamosili samarTaldamcavi struqturebi, xolo meore – personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtori, romelic satelefono saubris faruli Cawera/miyuradebis procesis dasawyebad eleqtronul Tanxmobas iZleva. oretapiani eleqtronuli sistema niS-navs imas, rom orive mxares, samarTaldamcavebsa da personalur monace-

mTa inspeqtors, eqnebaT eleqtronuli komunikaciebis kompaniebis mo-

nacemebTan wvdomis e.w. `gasaRebi~.71

kanonSi Setanili cvlilebebis momxreebi xazs usvamen am cvlile-

bebis pozitiur mxares. kerZod, satelefono saubris faruli Cawera/miyuradebis procesis dasawyebad ara marto mosamarTlis ganCineba da prokuroris motivirebuli dadgenilebaa saWiro, aramed aucilebelia personalur monacemTa inspeqtoris eleqtronuli Tanxmoba. oponente-

bi moiTxoven e.w. `gasaRebis~ samarTaldamcavi organoebis sistemidan gasvlas da provaideri kompaniebisTvis gadacemas. amis sapasuxod mTav-

robis dokumentSi _ saqarTvelos mTavrobis komentarebi arasamTav-

robo organizaciaTa koaliciis angariSi _ aRniSnulia, rom e. w. ̀ gasaRe-

bis~ provaideri kompaniebisTvis gadacemiT maqsimalurad garTuldeba provaideri kompaniis saqmianobis kontroli. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT dokumentSi aseve xazgasmulia Semdegi garemoeba: `saqarTvelo aris oku-

pirebuli qveyana da mobiluri operatorebi ucxo qveynis rezidentebia. aseTi viTareba pirdapir gavlenas iqoniebs ucxoeTis sadazvervo organi-

zaciebis SesaZleblobebis gazrdaze da amis proporciulad _ saqarTve-

los kontrdazverviTi SesaZleblobebis Sesustebaze.~72

e.w. ori gasaRebi, anu oretapiani eleqtronuli sistemis gamo-

yenebiT faruli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis ganxorcieleba da eleqtronu-

li Tanxmoba ar vrceldeba internetiT gadacemul monacemTa mopove-

baze. amasTan dakavSirebiT organizacia saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba kritikul mosazrebas gamoTqvams. organizaciis Tanaxmad, `Sss-s kvlav rCeba ufleba, SeuzRudavi raodenobis informacia miiRos internet-

provaiderebisagan, yovelgvari gare kontrolis gareSe. am SemTxveva-

Si personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtori Semowmebas axorcielebs mxolod sasamarTlos, prokuraturis da eleqtronuli sakomunika-

cio momsaxurebis mimwodeblis mier miwodebuli informaciis Sedare-

biT da monacemTa dammuSaveblis/uflebamosili piris mier monacemTa damuSavebis kanonierebis SemowmebiT~. maT miaCniaT, rom `kontrolis amgvari meqanizmi formaluri xasiaTisaa, vinaidan Sss internetprovai-

derebidan informaciis mopovebis process iwyebs yovelgvari gare kontrolis gareSe. inspeqtori Semowmebisas mxolod samarTaldam-

cavi organos keTilsindisierebaze aris damokidebuli: ramdenad swor informacias miawvdis es ukanaskneli~.73

saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba aseve akritikebs sisxlis samarT-

lis saproceso kodeqsSi Setanil Semdgom cvlilebas, romlis mixedvi-

Tac, 143.1 muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ da `b~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvalis-

winebuli faruli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis CatarebisTvis specialur programul saSualebebs Seqmnian samarTaldamcavi organoebi. organi-

zacias miaCnia, rom es didi riskis Semcveli iqneba, radgan SesaZlebeli

| 60

iqneba imgvarad daprogrameba, rom informaciis mopoveba kontrolis saSualebebis gverdis avliT moxdes.74

143.1 a da b punqtebi faruli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Semdeg saxeebs moicavs:75

a) satelefono saubris faruli miyuradeba da Cawera;b) informaciis moxsna-fiqsacia kavSirgabmulobis arxidan,

kom piu teruli sistemidan da am mizniT kompiuterul sis te maSi Sesabamisi programuli uzrunvelyofis saSualebebis instalacia.

cvlilebebi aseve Seexo eleqtronuli komunikaciebis Sesaxeb kanon-

sac. es kanoni adgens saqarTvelos teritoriaze eleqtronuli sako-

munikacio qselebiTa da saSualebebiT saqmianobis samarTlebriv da ekonomikur safuZvlebs, am sferoSi konkurentunariani garemos Camo-

yalibebisa da regulirebis principebs, damoukidebeli erovnuli ma-regulirebeli organos (saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisi-

is) funqciebs, eleqtronuli sakomunikacio qselebisa da saSualebebis flobis, maTi gamoyenebisa da momsaxurebis miwodebis dros fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis uflebebsa da movaleobebs.76

am kanonSi axali cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 2014 wlis 30 noembers, eleqtronuli komunikaciis kompanias unda hqondes Tavisi qselebis meSveobiT ganxorcielebuli komunikaciis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb informaciis realur droSi miwodebis teqnikuri SesaZleblo-

ba. eleqtronuli komunikaciebis kompania aseve valdebulia aRricxos eleqtronuli komunikaciis maidentificirebeli monacemebis Sesaba-misi saxelmwifo organoebisTvis gadacemis faqtebi da es informacia unda miawodos personalur monacemTa inspeqtors.77

eleqtronuli komunikaciebis Sesaxeb kanonSi cvlilebebi Sevida Semdeg sakiTxTan dakavSirebiTac: faruli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebisas samarTaldamcav struqturebs kavSirgabmulobis arxSi arsebuli mai-dentificirebeli monacemebis kopirebisa da maTi 2 wlis vadiT Senaxvis ufleba aqvT. am informaciis kavSirgabmulobis arxidan moxsnis da fiq-

saciis Semdgom farul sagamoZiebo moqmedebebs uflebamosili organo axorcielebs kopirebul monacemTa aRniSnuli bankebidan, sasamarTlos ganCinebiT an prokuroris motivirebuli dadgenilebiT.78

kanonis am debulebam didi kritika gamoiwvia saxalxo damcvelis aparatis warmomadgenlebis mxridan, radganac es debuleba uflebamo-

silebas aniWebs monacemTa bankebis kopirebas sasamarTlos ganCinebis gareSe.79

saxelmwifo organoebi, romlebsac aqvT faruli/sagamoZiebo moq-

medebebis ganxorcielebis uflebamosileba, aris saxelmwifo usafrT-

xoebis samsaxuri da Sinagan saqmeTa saministro. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mixedviT, faruli sa-

gamoZiebo saqmianobis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia mosamarTlis ganCinebiT. amasTan, faruli sagamoZiebo moqmedeba prokuroris moti-

virebuli dadgenilebiT SeiZleba Catardes mosamarTlis Tanxmobis gareSe, gadaudebeli aucileblobisas, rodesac dayovnebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios gamoZiebisaTvis niSvnelovani faqtobrivi monacemebis ga-

61 |

nadgureba an SeuZlebeli gaxados am monacemebis mopoveba. aseT SemTx-

vevaSi prokurori valdebulia faruli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis daw-

yebidan araugvianes 24 saaTisa mimarTos sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT Catarebuli faruli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis kanonierad cnobis Sesaxeb. mosamarTle prokuroris Suamdgomlobas ganixilavs sasamarTloSi misi wardgenidan araugvianes 24 saaTisa.80

I daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

2008 wels ganviTarebuli movlenebis Semdeg saqarTvelo aqti-

urad CaerTo kiberusafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi. marTalia, saqarTvelos ar hqonda iseTi mkveTri reaqcia, rogoric, magaliTad, estoneTs, magram es sakiTxi dadga qveynis dRis wesrigSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom 2008 wlis Semdeg saqarTvelom mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadadga bev-rad usafrTxo kibergaremos Sesaqmnelad, magram dRemde ver moxer-

xda am sakiTxis sekuritizacia. problemasTan brZola moiTxovs Tan-

mimdevruli da mizanmimarTuli kiberpolitikis gatarebas, romelic sakiTxs mniSvnelovan saxelmwifo doneze aiyvans da prioritetulad aqcevs. saqarTvelo cdilobs ar CamorCes Tavis evropel partniorebs da Seqmnas da ganaviTaros bevrad usafrTxo kibergaremo. amisaTvis ki mniSvnelovania sakiTxSi gaTviTcnobierebis dabali maCveneblisa da resursebis naklebobis daZleva. dResdReobiT saqarTvelosTvisac da mTeli msofliosTvisac sul ufro izrdeba kibersafrTxeebis rogorc moculoba, ise xarisxobrivi maCvenebeli, maT Soris, izrdeba kiberdana-

Sauli mobilur mowyobilobebzec. monacemTa gacvlis saagento da kiberdanaSaulTan brZolis sam-

marTvelo dakompleqtebulia saqmis mimarT pasuxismgeblobiTa da enTuziazmiT aRsavse adamianebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom es perso-

nali Seesabameba ZiriTad moTxovnebs, maT, kiberunarebis gaRrmavebis mizniT, mainc esaWiroebaT maRali sakvalifikacio profesiuli swavle-

ba-treningebi, raTa SeZlon momavalSi kidev ufro rTul kibersafrT-

xeebTan gamklaveba. am mimarTulebiT aseve aucilebeli faqtoria axali kadrebis moZieba da momzadeba, radgan erT-erT mTavar problemas war-

moadgens am sferos specialistebis nakleboba qveyanaSi. kiberusafrTxoebis politikis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovan rols

TamaSobs premier-ministris daqvemdebarebaSi arsebuli saxelmwifo usafrTxoebisa da krizisebis marTvis sabWo, romelmac sakonsti-

tucio cvlilebebis Semdgom mniSvnelovani politikuri Zalaufleba SeiZina. sabWos ganzraxuli aqvs am kuTxiT mkveTri cvlilebebis Setana da mTavrobis Sesabamis uwyebebTan koordinireba. saqarTveloSi kiber-

usafrTxoebis garemos gaumjobesebisa da efeqturobis gazrdas mniSv-nelovnad ganapirobebs zemoCamoTvlili am sami samTavrobo erTeulis erToblivi Zalisxmeva.

| 62

kvlevis Sedegad mopovebuli informacia, ukeTesi kibergaremos Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT, Semdegi rekomendaciebis gakeTebis saSualebas iZleva. gansakuTrebiT prioritetuli rekomendaciebi Sejamebulia qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi.

• pasuxismgebeli samTavrobo struqturebi da maTi urTier-

Toba kerZo seqtorTan

– saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis axalma sabWom adaptirebu-

li saukeTeso praqtikis gamoyenebiT unda SeimuSaos efeqturi kiberpolitika da sxvadasxva samTavrobo uwyebasTan efeqturi koordinireba unda moaxdinos.

– prioritetul sakiTxad unda iqces mTavrobasa da ker-

Zo seqtors Soris efeqturi partniorobis saukeTeso praqtikis danergva.

– mTavrobam unda SeimuSaos samTavrobo kompiuteruli teqnikis saWiroebisamebr Secvlis/ganaxlebis efeqtu-

ri gegma da moaxdinos licenzirebuli kompiuteruli programebiT uzrunvelyofa. cxadia, am misiis ganx-

orcieleba ara marto did finansur resursebTan an drois faqtorTanaa dakavSirebuli, aramed erTgvar mzadyofnasa da sakiTxis mniSvnelovan rangSi ayvanasac moiTxovs.

« axali kompiuteruli teqnika da programebi unda iyos daculi Sesabamisi usafrTxoebis meqanizmebiT.

• politikisa da kanonebis gadaxedva

– saqarTvelos kiberusafrTxoebis strategiasa da

samoqmedo gegmaSi unda aisaxos konkretuli da mka-

fio miznebi.

– unda SemuSavdes da dainergos efeqturi meqanizmi,

romelic samarTlebrivi bazis regularul da meTo-

dur gadaxedvas Seuwyobs xels. am TvalsazrisiT,

sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelo-

vania konsultaciebis gamarTva kibersamarTlis

eqspertebTan partniori qveynebidan, evrosabWodan

da evrokavSiridan, rac kidev ufro Seuwyobs xels

evropul standartebTan daaxloebis process.

cvlilebebi unda ganxorcieldes axal teqnolo-

giebTan SesabamisobaSi.

63 |

– arsebobs garkveuli uxerxuloba sakonstitucio

uflebebis dacvasa da operatiul samZebro RonisZie-

bebs Soris. am mxriv saqarTvelo saWiroebs daxmare-

bas saTanado samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis Sesaqmne-

lad, raTa daZlios es problema.

– mniSvnelovania maleve Seswordes kanoni informaci-

uli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb da Seiqmnas da damtkicdes im mniSvnelovani infrastruqturis sia, romelsac ker-

Zo seqtori flobs.

« amasTan, unda moxdes kerZo seqtoris mflobelo-

baSi arsebuli mniSvnelovani infrastruqturis kiberusafrTxoebis praqtikis Sefaseba.

• kiberusafrTxoebisa da kiberdanaSaulis Sesaxeb rogorc farTo sazogadoebis, ise sajaro moxeleebisa da samTav-

robo struqturebis xelmZRvaneli pirebis cnobierebis amaRleba

– sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebis mizniT daigeg-

mos da ganxorcieldes specialuri programebi, raTa sazogadoebam ukeT gaigos, Tu ra riskebis momta-

nia kiberdanaSauli maTTvis da ra saxis safrTxeebis

Semcvelia is mozardebisTvis. aseve mniSvnelovania sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba prevenciuli zomebisa da Setyobinebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. ami-saTvis saWiroa:

« sxva qveynebis saukeTeso praqtikis gaTvalis-

wineba.

« konsultaciebis gamarTva mediasTan, saswavlo

dawesebulebebTan da dainteresebul organi-

zaciebTan, raTa SemuSavdes informaciis miwodebis saukeTeso gza sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenisTvis.

– kompiuteruli higienis martivi kursis SemuSaveba da

miwodeba sajaro moxeleTaTvis.

– kiberusafrTxoebis Zireul sakiTxebze mokle brifin-

gebisa da diskusiebis SemuSaveba saqarTvelos maRali

Tanamdebobis pirTaTvis.

| 64

• kiberdanaSaulis Setyobinebis meqanizmi

– mas Semdeg, rac sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebis programa Sedegs gamoiRebs, unda dainergos kiber-

danaSaulis Setyobinebis efeqturi sistema, romelic sasurvelia warmoadgendes TaRliTuri saqmianobi-

sa da kiberdanaSaulis Setyobinebis portalis iseT models, rogoric britaneTSi SeimuSaves.

• ganaTleba da treningi

– SemuSavdes specialuri treningprogramebi da dax-

mareba gaewioT Sss-is warmomadgenlebs dasavlu-

ri praqtikis, taqtikis, teqnikis da procedurebis (TTPs) Sesaswavlad. kerZod, gamoZiebis, kompiuter-

uli eqspertizis, mtkicebulebebis amoReba/mTlia-

nobis SenarCunebis, teqnikuri analizis, maRali kvali fikaciis unarebis SeZenis, saqmeebis (e.w. `qeise-bis~) efeqturi momzadebis da aseve sxvadasxva qvey-nis struqturebidan/organizaciebidan informaciis gamoTxovisa da eqstradiciis wesebis mxriv. amasTan dakav SirebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom Sss-is TanamSrom-

lebis treningebi sabaziso instruqciebs unda gascdes

da dasavluri standartebiT moxdes maTi teqnikuri

unarebisa da SesaZleblobebis gazrda.

– Seiqmnas programebi kvleviT institutebTan da

umaRles saswavleblebTan erTad imisTvis, rom:

« kritikuli informaciuli sistemis yvela subieqts,

romelic pasuxismgebelia sakuTari organizaciis

informaciul usafrTxoebaze, hqondes Sesabamisi

codna da unar-Cvevebi dakisrebuli samuSaos Se-

sasruleblad, informaciuli usafrT xoebis Sesa-

xeb kanonis Sesabamisad.

« SeirCes axali kadrebi da saTanado kvalifikaci-

is misaRebad CautardeT swavleba, informaciuli usafr Txoebis Sesaxeb kanonis moTxovnebis Sesabam-isad.

– Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosa da Sss-is kriminaluri policiisTvis SemuSavdes pirveladi reagirebis spe-cialuri treningprograma, romelic Seexeba cifru-

li samxilis amoReba/Senaxvisa da cifruli samxilis

mTlianobis SenarCunebis sakiTxebs.

65 |

– SemuSavdes da Catardes kibertreningebis specialize-

buli kursebi prokurorebisa da mosamarTleebisTvis.

– SemuSavdes da Catardes seminarebis kursi kiberdana-

Saulis ganyofilebisa da monacemTa gacvlis saagen-

tos TanamSromlebisTvis iseT Temebze, rogoricaa Rrma qselSi (uxilavi interneti) informaciis moZieba/kvleva, anonimurobisa da proaqtiuri meTodebis ga-moyeneba kiberdanaSaulisa da misi tendenciebis gan-saWvretad. moxdes Seswavlili meTodebis gamoyeneba:

« maRali unarebis mqone kiberkriminalebis taq-

tikis ukeT gasagebad;

« qarTul kibersivrceSi mZime da naklebad mZime

kiberdanaSaulis tendenciebis gansasazRvrad;

« Tanamoazre qveynebis samarTaldamcavi uwyebebi-

saTvis efeqturi daxmarebis gasawevad.

– radganac dRes mobilur mowyobilobebze kiberTav-

dasxmebi mzard safrTxes warmoadgens, mniSvnelo-

vania am mimarTulebiT kiberdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg

brZolis ganyofilebasTan muSaoba.

– dasavluri praqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT gaumjobesdes

kiberdanaSaulis Sesaxeb statistikuri aRricxviano-

bis meTodebi.

saqarTvelosa da partniori qveynebisTvis prioritetuli rekomendaciebis Semajamebeli nusxa

mimarTulebebi rekomendaciebis detalebi

saukeTeso praqtikis gaTvaliswineba

mTavrobaTa kiberusafrTxoebis saukeTeso praqtikaze dayrdnobiT SemuSavdes spe-cialuri saxelmZRvanelo, TandarTuli treningprogramebiT.

mTavrobis oficialuri pirebis cnobierebis amaRleba kibersakiTxebze

kiberusafrTxoebis Zireul sakiTxebze SemuSavdes mokle brifingebi da diskusiebi da miewodoT saqarTvelos maRali Tanamde-

bobis pirebs. aseve SemuSavdes da miewodoT martivi kompiuteruli higienis kursebi sajaro moxeleebs.

| 66

legitimuri kompiuteruli programebi da teqnika

SemuSavdes efeqturi da Sesrulebadi gegma, rom samTavrobo struqturebis kompiute-

ruli teqnika aRiWurvos licenzirebuli kompiuteruli programebiT. aseve, saWiroebisamebr, gamoicvalos kompiu-

teruli teqnika.

kiberusafrTxoebis strategia da samoqmedo gegma

strategia da samoqmedo gegma ganaxldes 2015 wlis bolosTvis da aisaxos mkafio, Tanmimdevruli, konkretuli da Sesru-

lebadi miznebi.

samarTlebrivi konsultaciebi

kibersakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli samarTle-

brivi bazis gadaxedvisaTvis SemuSavdes da dainergos saqarTvelosa da dasavlel part-

niorebs Soris regularuli sakonsultacio meqanizmebi. es xels Seuwyobs sakonstitucio uflebebis dacvasa da samZebro RonisZiebebs Soris arsebuli garkveuli uxerxulobis moxsnas.

sasamarTlo sistema da prokuratura

SemuSavdes da miewodoT saswavlo treningprogramebi mosamarTleebsa

da prokurorebs.

kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli kri tikuli infrastruqtura

Seiqmnas da damtkicdes kritikuli informaciuli sistemis kerZo subieqtebis CamonaTvali.

kiberusafrTxoebis mdgomareobis Se-

faseba kerZo se-

qtorSi

Sefasdes kiberusafrTxoebis mdgomareoba da danergili praqtika im kerZo seqtoreb-

Si, romlebic kritikul infrastruqturas floben.

sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba

sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebis mizniT daigegmos da ganxorcieldes specialuri programebi, raTa sazogadoebam ukeT gaigos, Tu ra riskebis momtania kiberdanaSauli

maTTvis. mniSvnelovania sazogadoebis cno-

bierebis amaRleba prevenciuli zomebisa da Setyobinebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.

67 |

Sss-is SesaZleblobebis gazrda

SemuSavdes specialuri treningprogramebi da daxmareba gaewioT Sss-is warmomadgen-

lebs, rom Seiswavlon dasavluri praqtika, taqtika, teqnika da procedurebi (TTPs). kerZod, gamoZiebis, kompiuteruli eqsper-

tizis, mtkicebulebebis amoReba/mTlia-

nobis SenarCunebis, teqnikuri analizis, maRali kvalifikaciis unarebis SeZenis, saqmeebis (`qeisebis~) efeqturi momzadebis da aseve sxvadasxva qveynis struqture-

bidan/organizaciebidan informaciis ga-moTxovisa da eqstradiciis wesebis kuTxiT.

pirveladi reagireba da policia

Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosTvis SemuSavdes pirveladi reagirebis specialuri trening-

programa. aseve, kriminaluri policiisT-

vis _ cifruli samxilis amoReba/Senaxvisa da cifruli samxilis mTlianobis SenarCu-

nebis sakiTxebze.

zemoT warmodgenili yvela Canafiqris ganxorcielebisaTvis mniSvnelovania SemuSavdes mkafio gegma da ganisazRvros miznebi. saqarTvelom saerTaSoriso partniorebisa da megobari qveynebis daxmarebiT ara marto gazarda Tavisi kiberSesaZleblobebi, aramed sargebelic moutana TanamSromlobis process. kiberusafrTxoe-

ba da kiberdanaSauli globalur problemas warmoadgens. amdenad, am gamowvevebTan gamklaveba moiTxovs Tanamoazre da megobari saxel-

mwifoebis ufro mWidro da Tanmimdevrul saerTaSoriso Tanam-

Sromlobas.

| 68

1. Internet Usage Statistics, The Internet Big Picture. Internet World Stats. ნანახია: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm and Internet World Stats. Internet Growth Statistics. ნანახია: http://www.internetworldstats.com/emarketing.htm

2. 1 ტერაბაიტი 1,000 გიგაბაიტი.

3. Brodkin, John, Bandwidth Explodes: As Internet Use Soars, Can Bottlenecks be Averted? ArsTechnica. May 1, 2012. ნანახია: http://arstechnica.com/busi-ness/2012/05/bandwidth-explosion-as-internet-use-soars-can-bottlenecks-be-averted/

4. Active Engagement, Modern Defence: Strategic Concept for the Defence and Se-curity of the Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO. November 2010. ნანახია: http://www.nato.int/strategic-concept/pdf/Strat_Concept_web_en.pdf

5. McGuire, Mike & Dowling, Samantha, Cyber Crime: A Review of the Evidence. United Kingdom, Home Office. October, 2013. ნანახია: https://www.gov.uk/gov-ernment/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/246749/horr75-summary.pdf

6. Brenner, Susan, Cybercrime: Criminal Threats from Cyberspace. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger, 2010

7. Mcguire & Dowling

8. Brenner

9. იხ. Action Fraud-ის ვებგვერდი: http://www.actionfraud.police.uk/about-us/who-we-are

10. McGuire & Dowling

11. Brenner

12. Gartner Says Worldwide Traditional PC, Tablet, Ultra mobile and Mobile Phone Shipments On Pace to Grow 7.6 Percent in 2014. Gartner.com, January 7, 2014. ნანახია: http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2645115

13. 2 Billion Consumers Worldwide to Get Smart (phones) by 2016. EMarketer.com. ნანახია:http://www.emarketer.com/Article/2-Billion-Consumers-World-wide-Smartphones-by-2016/1011694

14. Mayer, Andre, Smartphones Becoming Prime Target for Criminal Hackers. CBC News. March 6, 2014. ნანახია: http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/smart-phones-becoming-prime-target-for-criminal-hackers-1.2561126

15. Retail Sales Worldwide Will Top $22 Trillion This Year. EMarketer.com. Decem-ber 23, 2014. ნანახია: http://www.emarketer.com/Article/Retail-Sales-Worldwide-Will-Top-22-Trillion-This-Year/1011765

16. 2013 Norton Report. Symantec.com. ნანახია: http://www.symantec.com/about/news/resources/press_kits/detail.jsp?pkid=norton-report-2013

17. The Economic Impact of Cybercrime and Cyber Espionage, Center for Strategic and International Studies, July 2013. ნანახია: http://www.mcafee.com/sg/resources/reports/rp-economic-impact-cybercrime.pdf

gamoyenebuli literatura

69 |

18. Net Losses: Estimating the Global Cost of Cybercrime, Economic impact of cyber-crime II. Center for Strategic and International Studies. June, 2014. ნანახია: http://www.mcafee.com/us/resources/reports/rp-economic-impact-cybercrime2.pdf

19. ამერიკული ფისკალური წელი მიმდინარეობს 1 ოქტომბრიდან 30 სექტემბრის ჩათვლით.

20. 2014 Global Report on the Cost of Cyber Crime. Ponemon Institute. October, 2014. ნანახია: https://ssl.www8.hp.com/ww/en/secure/pdf/4aa5-5207enw.pdf

21. იქვე.

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