cywókg©x cÖwkÿy mnvwqkv...n‡z cv‡i • acywó‡z avµvšÍ wkï‡`i cªwz ¸iæz¡...
TRANSCRIPT
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKvA¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
02
m¤úv`bv
mvqgv AviRygvb kvnxb, Iqvì©wdk evsjv‡`k
mygvBqv ZvmwKb, eª¨vK evsjv‡`k
wid&dvZ Aviv, eª¨vK evsjv‡`k
cÖKvkbvq
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
Iqvì©wdk evsjv‡`k
cÖ”Q`, eª¨vwÛs
†mvnive †nv‡mb, Iqvì©wdk evsjv‡`k
A_©vq‡b
wej A¨vÛ †gwjÛv †MUm dvD‡Ûkb
d‡Uv‡µwWU (cÖ”Q`)
d‡Uv G‡RwÝR/Iqvì©wdk
cÖKvkKvj
†g, 2020
gy`ª‡Y
wkK`vi G›UvicÖvBR, 290/2 dwKivcyj, gwZwSj, XvKv-1000
Iqvì©wdk evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ cÖK‡íi cywó Kvh©µ‡gi Z_¨-DcvË I djvdj Aej¤^‡b G cy¯ÍKwU m¤úv`bv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GB cÖKvkbvq gyw`ªZ gZvgZ I Z_¨ cÖKv‡ki `vq m¤úv`bv cwil‡`i GKvšÍB wbR¯^| GwU †Kvbfv‡eB
`vZv‡Mvôxi gZvg‡Zi cÖwZdjb bq|
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKvA¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
03
m~wPcÎ
Awa‡ekb 1 05
Awa‡ekb 2 09
Awa‡ekb 3 14
Awa‡ekb 4 20
Awa‡ekb 5 26
Awa‡ekb 6 60
Awa‡ekb 7 64
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04
05
Awa‡ekb 1
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• Lv`¨ I cywó m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb
• Lv‡`¨i †kªwY wefvM I mylg Lv`¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb
• Acywó, Acywói djvdj, †kªwY wefvM I Acywói KviY m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡eb
Kvh©µg 1: Lv`¨ I cywói aviYv
mnvqK mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡K Lv`¨ I cywó ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb wRÁvmv Ki‡eb Ges Db¥y³ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb
1. 1 Lv`¨
Lv`¨ n‡”Q Ggb KZ¸‡jv cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`v‡bi mgwó hv MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g kix‡ii ¯^vfvweK e„w× I Kg©ÿgZv eRvq
_v‡K, ÿqc~iY I wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³ †hvMvb †`q Ges m‡ev©cwi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv ˆZix K‡i|
Lv`¨ Dcv`vb I Drm
Lv‡`¨i †hme ivmvqwbK c`v_© †`‡ni KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ K‡i †m¸‡jvB Lv`¨ Dcv`vb bv‡g cwiwPZ| Lv‡`¨i
Dcv`vb 6 cÖKvi, G¸‡jv n‡”Q-
mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wZbwU `‡j fvM Ki‡eb Ges dzW Kv‡W©i †mU cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| wZbwU `‡j ÿqc~iY I
e„w×Kvix Lv`¨, Zvc I kw³ Drcv`bKvix Lv`¨ I †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaKvix Lv`¨ Gi ZvwjKv Ki‡Z ej‡eb|
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cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
06
cywó
cywó n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g MÖnY Kiv Lv`¨ †kvwlZ n‡q kix‡i Zvc I kw³ Drcbœ K‡i, kix‡ii e„w×
mvab K‡i, kix‡i †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv m„wó K‡i|
cywóKi Lv`¨
- †hme Lv`¨ †L‡j kix‡i Zvc I kw³ Drcvw`Z nq, †`‡ni MVb e„w× nq, kixi mej, Kg©¶g I wb‡ivM
_v‡K Zv-B cywóKi Lv`¨|
Lv`¨ I cywó G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ RwoZ| †h‡Kvb Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡jB n‡e bv, Zv Aek¨B n‡Z n‡e cywóKi
Ges wbivc`|
- cywóKi Lv`¨ MÖnY bv Ki‡j †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv K‡g hvq Ges kix‡i wewfbœ ai‡Yi †ivM nq| cywóKi
Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡j kixi I gb DfqB fv‡jv _v‡K|
mylg Lv`¨
mylg Lv`¨ n‡”Q †mB Lv`¨ hv‡Z Lv‡`¨i me cywó Dcv`vb †`‡ni cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv, eqm, †ckv I wj½ †f‡` mwVK gvÎvq _v‡K|
A_v©r mylg Lv`¨ n‡jv Ggb GKwU Lvevi hv‡Z kw³`vqK, kixi e„w×KviK I †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaK Dcv`vb cwigvY g‡Zv
i‡q‡Q|
Lv`¨ Dcv`vb Drm
1. †k¦Zmvi ev kK©iv (Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU) fvZ, iæwU, Avjy, gywo, wPov, ˆL, wPwb, gay BZ¨vw`
2. Avwgl (†cÖvwUb) gvQ, gvsm, wWg, `ya, Wvj, ev`vg, exwP BZ¨vw`
3. †Zj I Pwe© †Zj, gvQ - gvs‡mi Pwe©, gvLb, wN BZ¨vw`
4. wfUvwgb `ya, wWg, KwjRv, me ai‡Yi kvK-me&wR, dj BZ¨vw`
5. LwbR Dcv`vb gvQ, gvsm, KwjRv, `ya, wWg, Mvp meyR kvK- me&wR, jeY BZ¨vw`
6. cvwb Av‡m©wbK I RxevYygy³ wbivc` cvwb
Kvh©µg 2: mgq 25 wgwbU
KvR Abyhvqx Lv‡`¨i †kªYx wefvM
1. ¶qc~iY I e„w×Kvix Lv`¨: (Avwgl RvZxq) †hgb: gvQ, gvsm, mqvweb I Ab¨vb¨ Wvj, `ya, wWg, wk‡gi
exwP, †QvU gvQ, eo gvQ, KwjRv BZ¨vw`
2. Zvc I kw³ Drcv`bKvix Lv`¨: (kK©iv I Pwe© RvZxq) †hgb: fvZ, iæwU, Avjy, ¸o, wPwb, wgwó Avjy,
cvDiæwU, †Zj, gvLb, wN, Pwe©, gay, ¸o, we¯‹zU, ev`vg, bvi‡Kj BZ¨vw`
3. †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaKvix Lv`¨: (wfUvwgb I LwbR mg„×) †hgb: Mvp njy` I meyR i‡Oi me ai‡Yi kvK-me&wR
I djg~j, cvKv Avg, cvKv Zvj, cvKv †cu‡c, cvKv KuvVvj, Avbvim, †cqviv, AvgjwK, Avgov, Kjv, †jey,
MvRi, wgwóKzgov, wkg, †QvU gvQ, `ya, wWg, KwjRv BZ¨vw`
Kvh©µg 2: Acywó, Acywói KviY I djvdj
mnvqK AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K `yBwU `‡j fvM K‡i †`‡eb| 1g `j‡K Acywói KviY mg~‡ni ZvwjKv ˆZix Ki‡Z
ej‡eb Ges 2q `j‡K Acywói djvdj ev cwibwZi ZvwjKv Ki‡Z ej‡eb Ges Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ej‡eb| GRb¨
Zviv 10 wgwbU mgq cv‡e, Zv‡`i mwVK aviYvi cÖksmv Ki‡eb Ges †h¸‡jv mwVK bs †m¸‡jv my›`ifv‡e e¨vL¨v
Ki‡eb| †Kvb welq ev` c‡o †M‡j †m¸‡jv wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
07
mgqt 20 wgwbU
1. 2 Acywó
cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq AwZwi³ wKsev Achv©ß Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi d‡j †`‡n †h Ae¯’vi (K…kKvq ev ¯’yjZv) m„wó nq Zv‡K
Acywó e‡j| Dbœqbkxj †`‡k Acywó ej‡Z cywónxbZv A_¨©vr Lv‡`¨i Afve‡K †evSvq|
Acywói cÖavb KviYmg~n:
• `vwi`ª¨
• Lv‡`¨i Ach©vßZv
• Kg IRb wb‡q Rb¥ MÖnY
• Nb Nb Amy¯’Zv, we‡kl K‡i msµvgK †iv‡M †fvMv
• gv I wkïi h_v_© cwiPh©vi Afve
Acywói djvdj
• wkïi kvixwiK e„w× I gvbwmK weKvk e¨vnZ nq
• †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv K‡g hvq, d‡j †`n `ªæZ †ivMvµvšÍ nq
• Acywó‡Z AvµvšÍ wkï‡`i fwel¨‡Z Kg©ÿgZv K‡g hvq| Acywó `xN© †gqv`x n‡j gvivZ¥K Amy¯’Zv ev g„Zz¨
n‡Z cv‡i
• Acywó‡Z AvµvšÍ wkï‡`i cªwZ ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`v‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv: gvivZ¥K Zxeª Acywó-Gi Kvi‡Y g„Zz¨ nvi
A‡bK †ewk (cÖvq 9 ¸Y), G Kvi‡Y G welqwUi w`‡K mK‡jiB evowZ bRi w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z gvivZ¥K Zxeª
Acyó wkïi g„Zz¨ SzuwK Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e nq
• gvSvix I gvivZ¥K Acywó‡Z AvµvšÍÍ wkï‡K wPwýZ K‡i cÖvYNvZx Ae¯’vq †cuŠQv‡bvi Av‡MB wPwKrmvi
e¨e¯’v Kiv
wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e Lv`¨, cywó I ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖ`vb bv Ki‡j Zvi kvixwiK e„w× euvavcÖvß nq| d‡j †m Le©vK…wZ (eqm
Abyhvqx D”PZv Kg) I Acyó wK‡kvi/wK‡kvix wn‡m‡e †e‡o D‡V| Avi GKRb Acyó wK‡kvix hLb Mf©aviY K‡i
ZLb ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB Kg IR‡bi wkïi Rb¥ †`q Avi SzuwK †e‡o hvq| †mB Kg IR‡bi wkïwU hw` †g‡q nq Ges
Zv‡KI mwVKfv‡e Lv`¨, cywó I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev bv †`qv nq, Zvn‡j †mI Acywó‡Z fyM‡e Ges eo n‡q we‡qi ci Acyó
wkï Rb¥ †`‡e| Gfv‡e Acywói Pµ we‡kl K‡i †g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ PµvKv‡i Nyi‡Z _vK‡e, hvi cwiYwZ fqven| GB
Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †evSv †Mj †h, Acywó GKwU eo ai‡Yi ¯^v¯’¨MZ I mvgvwRK mgm¨v, hv cÖwZ‡iva‡hvM¨ Ges
wPwKrmv‡hvM¨|
Kvh©µg 3: Acywói cÖKvi‡f` wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
mnvqK møvB‡W wb‡gœv³ QK/†d¬vPvU© Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g wewfbœ iKg Acywó wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
mgqt 20 wgwbU
1. 3 Acywói aiY I cÖKvi‡f`
kix‡i µgvMZ Kg cywó MÖnY wKsev kix‡i †kvlYRwbZ †Kvb mgm¨v †_‡K Acywó ˆZwi nq| Acywó‡K wb‡gœv³fv‡e
fvM Kiv hvqt
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
08
Acywó
AwZcywó
IRbvwaK¨
¯’zjZv
Kgcywó
K…kKvq
(D”PZv Abycv‡Z IRb Kg)
Wasted
Kg IRb
(eqm Abycv‡Z IRb Kg)
Underwight
Abycywói NvUwZ
(Abycywó Dcv`v‡bi Afv‡e
m„ó Amy¯’Zv)
Le©Kvq
(eqm Abycv‡Z D”PZv Kg)
Stunted
(Undernutrition) (Overnutrition)
(Overweight)
(Obesity)
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
09
Awa‡ekb 2
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY Lv`¨ ˆewPΨ wK, Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, Lv`¨‡K ˆewPΨgq Kivi †KŠkj Rvb‡Z
cvi‡eb| gv I wkïi Lv`¨ ˆewP‡Î¨i by¨bZg gvcKvwV m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡eb| GQvovI gv‡Qi cywó, gvQ LvIqvi
¸iæZ¡, gjv gv‡Qi cywó ¸Yv¸Y, wewfbœiKg gv‡Qi †iwmwc m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
Kvh©µg 1 Lv`¨ ˆewPΨ
mnvqK Lv`¨ ˆewPΨ m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡`i avibv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb| mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi Rb¨ ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q
mnvqK møvB‡Wi gva¨‡g Lv`¨ ˆewPÎ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
mgqt 20 wgwbU
Lv`¨ ˆewPΨ Kx Ges †Kb cÖ‡qvRb?
• Lvev‡i ˆewPΨZv D”Pgv‡bi Lv‡`¨i g~j Dcv`vb wnmv‡e ¯^xK…Z| wewfbœ Lvevi Ges Lv`¨ MÖæc¸‡jv wewfbœ cywói
Drm, ZvB wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvev‡ii mgš^q cywói ch©vßZv wbwðZ K‡i|
• Lvevi Ggb n‡Z n‡e †hb, †mB Lvevi cwigv‡Y mwVK nq Ges me iKg cywó _v‡K;
• ˆewPΨgq Lv`¨ h‡_ó cwigvY kw³, Avwgl Ges Abycywói (micro nutrient) Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i;
• gv‡S gv‡S wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e, G‡Z LvIqvi iæwP ev‡o|
g‡b ivL‡eb-
1. cÖwZw`b gvQ, gvsm, wWg, KwjRv A_ev Wvj, ev`vg, exwP RvZxq Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e, hv ˆ`wnK e„w× I
¶qc~i‡Y mnvqZv K‡i;
2. Mvp meyR kvK mewR, jvj I njy` i‡Oi dj Ges wewfbœ ai‡Yi kvK mewR I dj (†hgb- KPzkvK, cyuB
kvK, jvj kvK, WvUv kvK, wgwó Kzgov, MvRi Ges cvKv Avg, cvKv KvuVvj, cvKv †cu‡c, †jey, †cqviv,
AvgjwK, Avgov, Rv¤^yiv BZ¨vw`) G¸‡jvi †h †Kvb GK cÖKvi cÖwZw`b Aek¨B †L‡Z n‡e, KviY Gme
Lvevi †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡Yi wfUvwgb cvIqv hvq, hv kixi‡K Amy¯’Zvi nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i|
3. 1 Kvc `ya A_ev `y‡ai ˆZwi Lvevi cÖwZw`b bv n‡jI mßv‡n 3-4 w`b †L‡Z n‡e,
4. Aek¨B Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY w`‡q me iKg ivbœv Ki‡Z n‡e|
Lv`¨‡K ˆewPΨgq Ki‡Z n‡j, cwiev‡i wewfbœ ai‡Yi cywómg„× Lv‡`¨i mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e, cwiev‡i wewfbœ
ai‡Yi Lv‡`¨i mieivn wbwðZ Kivi Dcvqmg~n n‡jv-
• wgkª I mgwš^Z Pvlvev` c×wZi cÖeZ©b
• bZzb ai‡Yi dmj Pvl, †hgb m~h©gyLx, f‚Æv, mqvweb BZ¨vw`i Pvl
• ¶z`ª cwim‡i nuvm-gyiMx cvjb
• emZevwo‡Z gvQ Pvl
• Kg e¨eüZ †`kxq HwZn¨evnx Lvevi AšÍfz©³KiY Ges emZ evwo‡Z kvK mewRi evMvb Kiv
• †gŠmygx Lv‡`¨i AcPq †iva Kivi Rb¨ Lv`¨ msiÿY I AvniYRwbZ ¶q¶wZ †iva Kivi Rb¨ DbœZgv‡bi
cÖwµqvRvZKiY e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb
• AsKz‡iv`Mg I dv‡g©‡›Ukb cÖwµqv (†hgb `B) AšÍfz©³KiY
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cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
10
mgqt 20 wgwbU
Lv`¨ ˆewP‡Î¨i by¨bZg gvcKvwVt
wewfbœ ai‡Yi cvwievwiK Lvevi †_‡K wkïi Rb¨ ˆewPΨgq evowZ Lvevi ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡P †`qv wewfbœ
Lvev‡ii ZvwjKv †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 4wU wfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi wb‡q wkïi Rb¨ cÖwZw`‡bi Lvevi ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Gi
wfZi w`‡b AšÍZc‡ÿ 1wU cÖvYxR Lvevi _vK‡Z n‡e-
1. km¨ RvZxq Lv`¨ †hgb- fvZ, iæwU, wPov, Avjy, mywR
2. wewfbœ ai‡Yi WvjRvZxq Lvevi I ev`vg
3. `ya Ges `ya w`‡q ˆZwi Lvevi
4. cÖvYxR Lvevi †hgb- gvQ, gvsm
5. gyiMxi KwjRv
6. wWg
7. Mvp Nb meyR I jvj kvK; GQvovI njy` I Kgjv i‡Oi mewR I dj, †hgb- wgwóKzgov, MvRi, cvKv
Avg, cvKv †cu‡c
8. Ab¨vb¨ kvK me&wR I dj †hgb: jvD, wSsMv, dzjKwc, Kjv, †cqviv BZ¨vw`
15 †_‡K 49 eQi eqmx mKj gwnjvi Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq wb‡gœv³ Lv`¨ ZvwjKvi Kgc‡¶ 5wU wfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi _vKv
Avek¨Kt
1. km¨, g~j I K›` RvZxq Lv`¨
2. Wvj (kx‡gi wewP, gUi ïuwU Ges Wvj)
3. ev`vg Ges exR RvZxq Lvevi
4. `ya I `y» RvZ Lvevi
5. gvQ, gvsm
6. wWg
7. Mvp meyR kvK
8. Ab¨vb¨ wfUvwgb G mg„× iwOb dj I kvK mewR
9. Ab¨vb¨ kvK mewR
10. Ab¨vb¨ dj
mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gv‡Qi cywó m¤ú‡K© aviYv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb| mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi Rb¨ ab¨ev` w`‡q
mnvqK møvB‡Wi gva¨‡g gv‡Qi cywó m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges gvQ LvIqvi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡eb|
Kvh©µg 3. 2 gvQ I gv‡Qi cywó
mgqt 20 wgwbU
gv‡Qi ¸Yv¸Y
• evOvwji AwZ wcÖq Lv`¨
• D”P Avwglhy³ Lvevi
• cÖvYxR Avwg‡li Pvwn`vi kZKiv 60 fvM †hvMvb †`q gvQ
• gv‡Qi †cÖvwUb mnRcvP¨ Ges †`n MV‡Y mnvqK
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
11
gvQ LvIqvi ¸iæZ¡
• gvQ DbœZgv‡bi cÖvwYR Avwgl mieivnKvix
• gv‡Q we`¨gvb AZ¨vek¨Kxq cywó Dcv`vbmg~n †`‡ni MVb, ea©b I †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a we‡klfv‡e mnvqK
• †QvU gvQ, we‡kl K‡i gjv gv‡Q cÖPzi cwigv‡Y wfUvwgb-G, K¨vjwmqvg, Avqib I wRsK _v‡K, hv gvbe
†`‡ni MVb ea©b I †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i
• †`kx †QvU gvQ Mf©¯’ wkïi ¯^vfvweK e„w×, we‡klZt wkïi gw¯Í®‹ MV‡b AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq
• KuvUvmn †`kx †QvUgvQ †L‡j kix‡i K¨vjwmqvg Gi Pvwn`v c~iY nq, hv `vuZ I nvo MV‡b Ges gReyZ
Ki‡Y we‡kl fzwgKv cvjb K‡i
• †QvU gvQ we‡kl K‡i gjv gv‡Q cÖPzi Avqib Av‡Q, Avqib †`‡ni i³ ea©K
• gv‡Qi †`‡ni I‡gMv w_ª d¨vwU GwmW i‡³i RgvU euvav †iva Ges dzmdz‡mi cÖ`vn n«vm K‡i
• gv‡Qi †Zj ÿwZKi †Kv‡j‡÷ij n«vm Ges wKWwb‡Z cv_i nIqvi SyuwK n«vm K‡i
gv‡Qi cywógvb
Kvh©µg 3. 2 gjv I Abycywó
mnvqK c~e©eZ©x Awa‡ek‡b Av‡jvP¨ Abycywó Dcv`vb Gi wel‡q §iY Kwi‡q w`‡eb Ges Gi Drm wn‡m‡e gjv gv‡Qi
D`vniY w`‡eb| Qwemn møvBW w`‡q gv‡Qi wewfbœ As‡k cÖvß cywó wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i KvQ
†_‡K m¤¢ve¨ †iwmwc Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb| Gici møvBW †_‡K †iwmwc eY©bv Ki‡eb|
mgqt 40 wgwbU
• gjv gv‡Qi hK…‡Zi Pwe© RvZxq c`v©_ wfUvwgb G I wW †Z mg„×-hv Avgv‡`i nvo, `uvZ, Pg© I †Pv‡Li
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
• gjv gv‡Q i‡q‡Q cÖPzi cwigv‡Y K¨vjwmqvg, dmdivm, †jŠn I Av‡qvwW‡bi g‡Zv LwbR c`v_©
• gjv gvQ ivZKvbv, i³k~b¨Zvmn AcywóRwbZ †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i
• gjv gv‡Q we`¨gvb wfUvwgb-G ivZKvbvmn wewfbœ ai‡Yi †ivM cªwZ‡iva mnvqK
gv‡Qi bvg
†cÖvwUb
[MÖvg/100 MÖvg gvQ]
Avqib
[wgwj MÖvg/100 MÖvg gvQ]
K¨vjwmqvg
[wgwj MÖvg/100 MÖvg gvQ]
wR¼
[wgwj MÖvg/100 MÖvg gvQ]
wfUvwgb-G
[gvB‡·v MÖvg]
gjv
KvZjv
wmjfvi Kvc©
iæB
g„‡Mj
Kgb Kvc©
†Zjvwcqv
_vB micyuwU
ˆK
gv¸i
wks
17.1
19.9
17.5
20.6
18.6
18.7
20.8
17.8
17.5
15.6
17.2
3.8
0.6
1.5
0.4
1.8
0.9
0.5
0.6
1.2
0.8
2.1
767
530
22
30
655
47
19
24
64
27
319
3.19
0.48
0.28
1.13
0.29
0.73
1.40
0.74
1.13
0.53
0.55
2680
3
-
4
11
2
2
-
215
15
16
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
12
†QvU gvQ I cywó welqK wk¶v
†QvU gv‡Qi Abycywó‡K cy‡ivcywifv‡e e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ Gi AcPq †iva Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| mvaviYZ gvQ LvIqvi Rb¨
cÖ¯‘wZi mgq (KvUvevQv, †avqv, ivbœv) cywói AcPq n‡q _v‡K| gv‡Qi gv_v I †c‡Ui Ask †K‡U †d‡j †`qv, evievi
†avqv, `xN© mgq a‡i ivbœv Kivi d‡j G AcPq †ekx n‡q _v‡K|
cÖvq †¶‡Î †QvU wkïiv Abycywó mg„× †QvU gvQ Mjvq KuvUv jvMvi f‡q †L‡Z Pvq bv| G Rb¨ wewfbœ c×wZ Aej¤^b
K‡i †QvU gvQ‡K wkïi LvIqvi Dc‡hvMx Kiv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| Avavwm× †QvU gvQ‡K †e‡U wLPuzoxi mv‡_ wgwk‡q
ivbœv K‡i mn‡RB LvIqv‡bv hvq|
gjv gv‡Qi cywó¸b msi¶Y Ges wŸwfbœ †iwmwc
gjv gvQ Avwgl mg„× Ges mnRcÖvP¨| gjv gv‡Q cÖPzi cwigv‡Y †cÖvwUb, wfUvwgb G, K¨vjwmqvg, Avqib Ges
Ab¨vb¨ cywó Dcv`vb _v‡K| Gme cywó Dcv`vb cy‡ivcywifv‡e e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ Gi AcPq †iva Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
mvaviYZt G mKj gvQ LvIqvi Rb¨ ˆZixi (KvUvevQv, †avqv, ivbœv) mgq cywói AcPq n‡q _v‡K|
KvUvevQv I ivbœvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘ZKiY
gjv gvQ KvUv-evQvi c×wZ Ab¨vb¨ †QvU gv‡Qi g‡ZvB| gv‡Qi AvKvi LyeB †QvU n‡j KvUvKvwU bv K‡i cwi®‹vi
cvwb‡Z 1-2 evi ay‡q ivbœv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e gvSvwi I eo AvKv‡ii gjv, †Xjv I `viwKbvi Rb¨ gvQ
KvUv-evQvi mvaviY c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡g AvuBk, cvLbvmgyn I cvK¯’wj †d‡j w`‡Z n‡e| Z‡e gv‡Qi
AvKvi †QvU ev eo hvB †nvK bv †Kb, gv‡Qi gv_v †K‡U †d‡j †`qv hv‡e bv| KviY gjv, †Xjv, `viwKbvmn Ab¨vb¨
me †QvU gv‡Qi †ewki fvM wfUvwgb I wgbv‡ij gv_vq _v‡K| gvQ evQv n‡q †M‡j wUDeI‡q‡ji cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z
1-2 evi ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e| Gi †ewk evi †avqvi `iKvi †bB| †QvU gvQ †avqvi mgq jeY e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq|
jeY e¨envi Ki‡j †QvU gv‡Q Dcw¯’Z wfUvwgb I wgbv‡i‡ji cwigvY K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i|
gjv gv‡Qi †iwmwc
• Avgv‡`i †`‡k mvaviYZ wewfbœ ai‡Yi gmjv (jeY, Dw™¢¾ †Zj, njy`, gwiP, wcuqvR, awbqv I wRivi
¸uov) wgwk‡q gjv, †Xjv I `viwKbv Rv‡Zi gvQ¸‡jv ivbœv Kiv nq| †ewki fvM †¶‡Î gvQ¸‡jv wewfbœ
cÖKv‡ii mewR - †hgb †e¸b, Avjy, U‡g‡Uv, jvD, Kzgov, wmg, eiewU, wSsMv, ay›`yj cÖf„wZi mv‡_ ivbœv Kiv
nq| gvQ¸‡jvi mv‡_ wewfbœ ai‡Yi kvK †hgb jvjkvK, cyuB kvK cÖf…wZ Aí cwigv‡Y †gkv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i
• †Kvb kvK mewR QvovB ïaygvÎ †QvU gvQ w`‡qI ZiKvwi ivbœv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i - †hgb gv‡Qi †Svj I
†`v‡cuqvwR
wPÎ: gjv gv‡Qi †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k wfUvwgb-G Gi cwigvY
gjvi †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k wfUvwgb ÒGÓ cwigvY
53%
39% 1%
7%
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
13
• gjv gvQ‡K Aí Zv‡c Aí mg‡qi Rb¨ †Z‡j †f‡R ev cvwb‡Z wm× K‡i jeY, †Zj, KvuPv gwiP I wcuqvR
mnKv‡i Lye mn‡RB my¯^v`y fZ©v evbv‡bv m¤¢e
• GB †QvU gvQ¸‡jv w`‡q †QvU ev”Pv‡`i Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx K‡i wLPzwiI ivbœv Kiv m¤¢e| †m‡¶‡Î gjv gvQ‡K
KvUv-evQv I †avqvi ci Aí mg‡qi Rb¨ †Z‡j †f‡R wkj-†bvovq ev †eøÛvi †gwk‡b uov K‡i †c‡ói g‡Zv
K‡i wLPzwii Ab¨vb¨ DcKi‡Yi (Pvj, Wvj, mwâ, gkjv cÖf„wZ) mv‡_ wgwk‡q mvaviY wbq‡g wLPzwi evbv‡bv
†h‡Z cv‡i
• †QvU gvQ KL‡bvB `xN© mgq a‡i ivbœv Kiv DwPZ bq| †ewki fvM ivbœvB m‡ev©”P 10-15 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ †kl
Kiv m¤¢e| Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY wm×/ivbœv n‡Z †ewk mgq jvM‡j †QvU gvQ¸‡jv‡K ivbœv †kl nIqvi 10-15
wgwbU Av‡M †hvM Kiv DwPZ|
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
14
Awa‡ekb 3
Kvh©µg 1: Abycywó Dcv`vb, Drm, ¸iæZ¡, AfveRwbZ mgm¨v
mgqt 30 wgwbU
2. 1 Abycywó
gyL¨ cywó Dcv`vbmg~n †hgb-kw³`vqK Lv`¨ (kK©iv), e„w×KviK Lv`¨ (Avwgl) Ges Abycywó Dcv`vb mg~n †hgb-
wfUvwgb Ges LwbR Dcv`vb mg~n Gme wb‡qB nq ¯^v¯’¨Ki Lvevi| GLv‡b g¨v‡µv (gyL¨) ej‡Z ÔeoÕ Ges gvB‡µv
ej‡Z Ô†QvUÕ eySv‡bv nq| fvjfv‡e KvR Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i kix‡i †h mKj Abycywó Dcv`vb mg~n cÖ‡qvRb, GB
Awa‡ek‡b †m¸‡jvi cÖwZ `„wócvZ Kiv n‡e| Abycywó Dcv`vb mg~n Avgv‡`i AwZ mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y cÖ‡qvRb, wKš‘
G¸‡jv GZB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h wbw`©ó cwigvY MÖnY Kiv bv n‡j GKRb gvbyl Amy¯’ A_ev kvixwiK ev gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx
n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ cÖwZw`b 100 wgwjMÖvg Gi †ewk ev Kg n‡j gyL¨ ev Aby ejv nq|
Abycywó Dcv`vb Gi ¸iæZ¡t
• kix‡ii ¯^vfvweK e„w× I weKv‡ki Rb¨ Acwinvh©
• kix‡ii wewfbœ †Kvl I A½‡K mwVKfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z Ges wewfbœ A‡½i Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mwVKfv‡e mgš^q
Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i
• †ivM-cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv evovq
• Lvev‡i iæwP evovq
Abycywó Dcv`vbmg~n-
Abycywó Dcv`vbmg~n Lv‡`¨ A‡bK ai‡Yi Abycywó Av‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡”Q-
wfUvwgb G Avqib
wfUvwgb we Kg‡cø· Av‡qvwWb
wfUvwgb wm wRsK
wfUvwgb wW K¨vjwmqvg
¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡qKwU Abycywó Dcv`vbmg~n Gi Drm I Afve RwbZ mgm¨v wb‡P †`qv n‡jvt
cywó Dcv`vb
wfUvwgb G
Drm AfveRwbZ mgm¨v
cªvYxR Drm: gv‡qi `ya, KwjRv, wW‡gi Kzmyg,
†QvU gvQ, gv‡Qi †Zj, gvLb, wN| cÖvYxR Drm
†_‡K wfUvwgb G MÖnY Ki‡j Zv Avgv‡`i
kix‡i `ªæZ †kvwlZ nq|
Dw™¢¾ Drm: njy` i‡Oi dj- cvKv KuvVvj,
cvKv Avg, cvKv †cu‡c Ges me ai‡Yi Mvp
kvK-me&wR †hgb- MvRi, wgwó Kzgov, KPz kvK,
g~jv kvK, †n‡jÂv kvK, a‡b cvZv, cuyB kvK,
Kjwg kvK, mR‡b kvK, jvj kvK, cvU kvK,
cvjs kvK, _vbKzwb cvZv, cyw`bv cvZv BZ¨vw`|
• †Pv‡Li `„wókw³ ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq, d‡j ivZKvbv,
†Pv‡L Nv I Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨v †`Lv †`q,
GgbwK †PvL AÜ ch©šÍ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i
• †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv n«vm cvq, d‡j wkï
Nb Nb Amy¯’ nq, GgbwK wkïi g„Zz¨I n‡Z
cv‡i|
• †`‡ni ¯^vfvweK e„w× e¨vnZ nq
..........................
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
cywó Dcv`vb
wfUvwgb wW
Drm AfveRwbZ mgm¨v
`ya, gvLb, Pwe©hy³ gvQ, cwbi, km¨, gvkiæg,
ïUwK, m~‡h©i Av‡jv BZ¨vw`|
• nvo I `vuZ MV‡b `ye©jZv|
• †`‡ni e„w× e¨vnZ nq|
Avqib cÖvYxR Drm: gvsm, gvQ, KwjRv, wW‡gi
Kzmyg, ïUwK gvQ BZ¨vw`|
Dw™¢¾ Drm: KPz kvK, cyuB kvK, jvj kvK,
cvjs kvK, wgwóKzgov kvK, mvRbv kvK,
awbqv cvZv, dzjKwc cvZv, †Qvjv kvK,
†n‡jÂv kvK, Wvj, †LRyi, Kv‡jvRvg,
ZigyR, cvKv †ZuZzj, ¸o BZ¨vw`|
• †Pv‡Li Aveib (Kb&RvswUfv), b‡Li †Mvov
Ges b‡L cwieZ©b Av‡m, nv‡Zi Zvjy,
†Pnviv, `uv‡Zi gvwo I wRnŸv d¨vKv‡k n‡q
hvq|
• bL fs¸i nq, Avcbv Avcwb †f‡½ hvq
GgbwK ga¨vs‡k K‡g/†`‡e hvq
(koilonychia)
• eyK aodo K‡i
• Aí cwikª‡g AwaK K¬vwšÍ †eva nq
• †gRvR wLUwL‡U _v‡K
• ¶zavg›`v nq
• wkïiv Aw¯’i wP‡Ëi nq, covïbvq
g‡bv‡hvM K‡g Av‡m
wfUvwgb B
jvj gwiP, kvjMg, †cu‡c, U‡g‡Uv, Avg, wPbv
ev`vg, KvV ev`vg, †c¯Ív ev`vg, KvRy ev`vg,
mwilv kvK BZ¨vw`|
• ¯œvqyZ‡š¿i Z_¨ †cÖi‡Y evav|
• †cwki mwVK NbZ¡ eRvq _v‡K bv|
• †Pv‡Li †iwUbvi c~bM©V‡b f~wgKv iv‡L|
Av‡qvwWb
cÖvK…wZK: mvgyw`ªK gvQ, mgy`ª DcK‚jeZ©x
kvK-me&wR Ges k¨vIjv
K…wÎg: Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY
• MjMÐ ev N¨vM nq
• ¯^vfvweK eyw× weKv‡k evav †`q
• gvbwmK I kvwiixK cÖwZewÜZv †hgb:
nvev‡Mvev, g~K, U¨viv, ewai, Le©Kvq BZ¨vw`
• Mf©cvZ I g„Z wkï cÖme A_ev R‡b¥i ci
ci wkïi g„Zy¨I n‡Z cv‡i
wfUvwgb wm
†jey, Kgjv, Av½yi, Av‡cj, †cu‡c, eoB,
Avbvim, BZ¨vw` UK dj I d‡ji im,
U‡g‡Uv, kvK-mewR, euvavKwc, cvjs kvK,
Avjy BZ¨vw`|
• mw`©-Kvwk mn Nb Nb Amy¯’ nq|
• i³¯^íZv
• nvo I gvwo `ye©j nq| nv‡o I wMivq e¨_v
nq|
• ü`‡ivM I †÷ªv‡Ki SyuwK †e‡o hvq|
15
wfUvwgb we
(Kg‡cø·)
`ya, wWg, wgwó Avjy, ev`vg, evuavKwc,
cvjskvK, Kjv, ïUwK, †XuwKQvUv Pvj,
A¼zwiZ †Qvjv, gyM Wvj, †gŠmygx dj,
wewfbœ kvK-mewR, gjv †Xjvmn wewfbœ gvQ
I gvsm BZ¨vw`|
• wRnŸvq I †Vuv‡Ui †Kvbvq Nv nq|
• i³¯^íZv nq I ü`‡iv‡Mi SyuwK †e‡o hvq|
• Kg© ÿgZv K‡g hvq Ges Aí‡ZB K¬všÍ n‡q
hvq|
• ¯§iYkw³ n«vm cvq|
• wewfbœ ¯œvqyweK †ivM †`Lv †`q I nvZ cv
wSg wSg K‡i|
• gy‡L (eªb) `vbv I‡V, Z¡K LmL‡m nq|
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
wRsK
cÖvYxR: gvQ, gvsm, KwjRv, wWg
Dw™¢R: †Lvmvmn km¨, Wvj, ev`vg Ges †XuwK
QvUv Pvj
• kix‡ii ¯^vfvweK e„w× e¨vnZ nq
• wkï‡`i Wvqwiqv nIqvi cÖeYZv †e‡o hvq
• †hŠbv‡½i MVb I e„w× ¯^vfvweKfv‡e nq bv
• nv‡oi cwic°Zv e¨vnZ nq
K¨vjwmqvg cÖavb Drm - `ya
gv‡qi `y‡ai †P‡q Miæi `y‡a K¨vjwmqv‡gi
cwigvY A‡bK †ekx _vK‡jI gv‡qi `ya wkïi
Rb¨ K¨vjwmqv‡gi me‡P‡q DËg Drm, KviY
GwU kix‡i `ªæZ †kvwlZ nq| GQvovI
K¨vjwmqvg A‡bK Lvev‡iB cvIqv hvq,
†hgb- `ya RvZxq cY¨ (cwbi, gvLb, `B),
wWg Ges gvQ|
• nvo I `vu‡Zi MVb gReyZ nq bv
• i³ RgvU eva‡Z evavcÖvß nq
• gvsm‡ckxi ms‡KvPb evavcÖvß nq
• ü`h‡š¿i ¯^vfvweK Kvh©KvwiZv evavcÖvß nq
• gv‡qi `ya Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq
• eq¯‹ gwnjv‡`i nuv‡oi ÿq †iva
(Aw÷Ig¨v‡jwmqv) †`Lv †`q
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e
gvQ, gvsm, wWg, KwjRv A_ev Wvj, ev`vg, exwP BZ¨vw` RvZxq Lvevi cÖwZw`b †L‡Z n‡e, hv ˆ`wnK e„w×
I ¶qc~i‡Y mnvqZv K‡i
Mvp meyR kvK-me&wR, jvj I njy` i‡Oi dj Ges wewfbœ ai‡Yi kvK-me&wR I dj (†hgb- KPz kvK,
cyuB kvK, jvj kvK, WvUv kvK, wgwóKzgov, MvRi Ges cvKv Avg, cvKv KvuVvj, cvKv †cu‡c, †jey, †cqviv,
AvgjwK, Avgov, Rv¤^yiv BZ¨vw`) G¸‡jvi †h †Kvb GK cÖKvi cÖwZw`b Aek¨B †L‡Z n‡e KviY GBme
Lvevi †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡Yi wfUvwgb cvIqv hvq, hv kixi‡K Amy¯’Zvi nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i
1 Kvc `ya A_ev `y‡ai ˆZwi Lvevi cÖwZw`b bv n‡jI mßv‡n 3-4 w`b †L‡Z n‡e
Aek¨B Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY w`‡q meiKg ivbœv Ki‡Z n‡e
Kvh©µg 2: Avqib Gi ¸iæZ¡, AfviRwbZ mgm¨v wPý I DcmM© i³¯^íZv, cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvi
mgqt 30 wgwbU
2. 2 Avqib
Avqib GKwU LwbR Dcv`vb, hv i‡³i GKwU ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y© Dcv`vb wn‡gv‡Møvweb ˆZixi Rb¨ Acwinvh©| GB
wn‡gv‡Møvweb dzmdzm †_‡K kix‡ii mKj As‡k i‡³i gva¨‡g Aw·‡Rb enb K‡i, hvi Kvi‡Y kixi Kg©¶g _v‡K|
Avqib Gi Drm
cÖvwYR Drm: gvsm, gvQ, KwjRv, ïuUwK gvQ BZ¨vw`|
Dw™¢¾ Drm: wgwó Avjyi kvK, KuPz kvK, cyuB kvK, jvj kvK, cvjs kvK, wgwóKzgov kvK, mR‡b cvZv, awbqv cvZv,
dzjKwc cvZv, †Qvjv kvK, †n‡jÂv kvK, Wvj, †LRyi, Kv‡jvRvg, ZigyR, cvKv †ZuZzj, ¸o BZ¨vw`|
16
cywó Dcv`vb Drm AfveRwbZ mgm¨v
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
17
Avqib Gi AfveRwbZ mgm¨v wPý I DcmM©
• †Pv‡Li Aveib (KbRvswUfv), b‡Li †Mvov Ges b‡L cwieZ©b Av‡m, nv‡Zi Zvjy, †Pnviv, `uv‡Zi gvwo I
wRnŸv d¨vKv‡k n‡q hvq
• bL fs¸i nq, Avcbv Avcwb †f‡½ hvq, GgbwK ga¨vs‡k K‡g/†`‡e hvq (koilonychia)
• eyK aodo K‡i I Aí cwikª‡g AwaK K¬vwšÍ †eva nq
• †gRvR wLUwL‡U _v‡K
• ¶zavg›`v nq
• wkïiv Aw¯’i wPË nq, covïbvq g‡bv‡hvM K‡g Av‡m
i³¯^íZv ev A¨vwbwgqv
AcywóRwbZ i³¯^íZv ej‡Z Avgiv cÖavbZ Avqi‡bi NvUwZRwbZ i³ ¯^íZv‡KB eywS| GB ai‡Yi i³¯^íZvB
Avgv‡`i gv‡S e¨vcK AvKv‡i we`¨gvb| i‡³i Ab¨Zg cÖavb Dcv`vb wn‡gv‡Møvweb K‡g hvIqv‡K i³¯^íZv e‡j|
cÖ‡qvRbxq Lvevi, we‡kl K‡i Avqibmg„× Lvev‡ii Afv‡e wkï, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, Mf©eZx I cÖm~wZ gv‡qiv GB
†iv‡M †ewk †fv‡M| yB eQ‡ii Kg eqmx wkï‡`i i³¯^íZv †`Lv †`q cÖavbZ Avqibmg„× Lvev‡ii Afv‡e| gvwmK
FZzmªv‡ei Kvi‡Y Ges Nb Nb mšÍvb nIqvi Kvi‡YI gwnjviv i³¯^íZvq †fv‡M|
Avqib NvUwZRwbZ i³¯^íZv cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvi
• Avqibmg„× Lvevi †hgb- gvsm, gvQ, KwjRv, wW‡gi Kzmyg, ïuUwK gvQ, KPz kvK, cyuB kvK, jvj kvK, cvjs
kvK, wgwó Kzgov kvK, mR‡b cvZv, awbqv cvZv, dzjKwc cvZv, †Qvjv kvK, †n‡jÂv kvK, Wvj BZ¨vw`
†L‡Z n‡e
• kix‡i Avqib Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ Avqib RvZxq Lvev‡ii mv‡_ wfUvwgb wm hy³ (†hgb- †jey ev UK dj)
Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e
• wkï‡K c~Y© 6 gvm eqm ch©šÍ ïaygvÎ gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e Ges 6 gvm c~Y© n‡j gv‡qi `y‡ai
cvkvcvwk Avqibmg„× evowZ Lvevi w`‡j wkïi Avqi‡bi NvUwZ c~iY n‡e
• evošÍ wkï, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, gvwmK PjvKvjxb, Mf©eZx I cÖm~wZ gwnjv‡`i cywói Rb¨ †ewk cwigv‡Y
Avqi‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB Zv‡`i‡K †ewk K‡i Avqib mg„× Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e
Qwe:Avqib mg„× Lv`¨
gvQ
wW‡gi Kzmyg
KwjRv
gvsm
gyiMxi gvsm
cuyBkvK
†LRyi
awbqv
cvZv
Wvj
Kjwg kvK
KPzkvK
cvjskvK
jvjkvK
ZigyR
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
18
• msµvgK †ivM †hgb- K…wg, i³ Avgvkq, g¨v‡jwiqv BZ¨vw`i Kvi‡YI i³¯^íZv nq, GRb¨ gj-g~Î wbw`©ó
RvqMvq †djv Ges gj-g~Î Z¨v‡Mi c‡i `yB nvZ fv‡jv K‡i mvevb I cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q ay‡q †djv|
LvIqvi Av‡M `yB nvZ fvj K‡i mvevb w`‡q ay‡q †djv Ges Lvwj cv‡q bv nvuUv
• Wv³v‡ii civgk© Abyhvqx Qq gvm AšÍi AšÍi K…wgbvkK Ilya LvIqv‡Z n‡e
• `ycyi Ges iv‡Zi cÖavb Lvev‡ii mv‡_ Pv I Kwd bv LvIqv
Kvh©µg 3: wfUvwgb G Gi ¸iæZ¡, AfveRwbZ mgm¨v wPý I DcmM©, cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvi
mgqt 20 wgwbU
2. 3 wfUvwgb-G
wkï‡`i gv‡S A܇Z¡i cÖavb KviY n‡jv wfUvwgb-G Gi Afve| wfUvwgb-G †Z‡j `ªeYxq wfUvwgb¸‡jvi g‡a¨
GKwU Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wfUvwgb, hv kix‡ii Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
wfUvwgb-G Drm
cªvYxR Drm: gv‡qi `ya, KwjRv, wW‡gi Kzmyg, †QvU gvQ, gv‡Qi †Zj, gvLb, wN| cÖvYxR Drm †_‡K wfUvwgb G
MÖnY Ki‡j Zv Avgv‡`i kix‡i `ªæZ †kvwlZ nq|
Dw™¢¾ Drm: njy` i‡Oi dj- cvKv KuvVvj, cvKv Avg, cvKv †cu‡c Ges me ai‡Yi Mvp kvK-me&wR †hgb- MvRi,
wgwó Kzgov, KPz kvK, g~jv kvK, †n‡jÂv kvK, a‡b cvZv, cuyB kvK, Kjwg kvK, mR‡b kvK, jvj kvK, cvU kvK,
cvjs kvK, _vbKzwb cvZv, cyw`bv cvZv BZ¨vw`|
wfUvwgb-G Gi AfveRwbZ mgm¨v:
• †Pv‡Li `„wókw³ ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq, d‡j ivZKvbv, †Pv‡L Nvu I Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨v †`Lv †`q GgbwK †PvL AÜ ch©šÍ
n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i
• †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv n«vm cvq, d‡j wkï Nb Nb Amy¯’ nq, GgbwK wkïi g„Zz¨I n‡Z cv‡i|
• †`‡ni ¯^vfvweK e„w× e¨vnZ nq|
Qwe: wfUvwgb-G mg„× Lv`¨
KwjRv
gvLb
†QvU gvQ
wW‡gi Kzmyg
KvVvj MvRi
KPzkvK
cvjskvK
jvjkvK
Kjwg kvK
cyBkvK
cvKv Avg
wgwó Kzgov
†cu‡c
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
19
wfUvwgb-G Gi AfveRwbZ mgm¨vi cÖwZ‡iva
• Mf©ve¯’vq gv‡q‡`i wfUvwgb-G Gi Pvwn`v †e‡o hvq, GRb¨ wfUvwgb-G Gi Afve c~i‡Yi Rb¨ Mf©eZx
gv‡q‡`i wfUvwgb-G mg„× Lvevi †hgb-Mvp meyR kvK-mewR, njy` djg~j, m¤¢e n‡j gvQ, wWg, KwjRv,
gvsm evi evi †ewk cwigv‡Y †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| G mg¯Í Lv`¨ †L‡j kix‡i wfUvwgb-G Gi Pvwn`v wgU‡e
Ges Mf©¯’ wkïi †Kvb ¶wZ n‡e bv|
• cÖm~wZ gv‡K mšÍvb cÖm‡ei 6 mßvn ev 42 w`‡bi g‡a¨ (m¤¢e n‡j wkïi R‡b¥i ci ci) 2 j¶ AvB. BD.
¶gZv m¤úbœ GKwU jvj i‡Oi wfUvwgb-G K¨vcmyj LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
• beRvZK wkï‡K kvj`ya LvIqv‡bvmn 6 gvm ch©šÍ ïaygvÎ ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
• wkï‡`i 2 eQi eqm ch©šÍ gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e Ges 6 gvm eq‡mi ci †_‡K wfUvwgb-G mg„× evowZ
Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| evošÍ wkï‡`i wfUvwgb-G hy³ Lvevi (gvQ, we‡kl K‡i †QvU gvQ, gvsm, KwjRv, wWg),
njy` I Mvp i‡Oi kvK-me&wR I djg~j †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| wkïiv †hfv‡e cQ›` K‡i Lvevi¸‡jv †mfv‡e
ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e| kvK me&wR Aek¨B cwigvYg‡Zv †Zj w`‡q ivbœv Ki‡Z n‡e, KviY wfUvwgb-G †`‡n
†kvl‡Yi Rb¨ †Z‡ji cÖ‡qvRb nq|
• 6-11 gvm eqmx mKj wkï‡K 1 j¶ AvB.BD. ¶gZv m¤úbœ GKwU bxj i‡Oi wfUvwgb-G K¨vcmyj
LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
• 1-5 eQi eqmx mKj wkï‡K cÖwZ 6 gvm AšÍi AšÍi 2 j¶ AvB.BD. ¶gZv m¤úbœ GKwU jvj i‡Oi
wfUvwgb-G K¨vcmyj LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
• cvkvcvwk mKj‡K wfUvwgb-G mg„× Lvevi m¤ú©‡K cywó wk¶v w`‡Z n‡e|
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
20
Awa‡ekb 4:
wbivc` Lv`¨ I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Dcv‡q Lv`¨ cÖ¯‘ZKiY
4. 1: wbivc` Lvevi (mgqt 40 wgwbU)
wbivc` Lvevi n‡jv †mB Lvevi, hv mwVK wbq‡g cwi®‹vi I wbivc`fv‡e msMªn, weÁvbm¤§Z Dcv‡q cÖwµqvRvZ,
msi¶Y Kiv nq Ges Lv‡`¨ †ivMRxevYyi Dcw¯’wZi SzuwK Kg _v‡K| Drcv`b †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Avnvi Kiv ch©šÍ
cÖ‡Z¨K av‡c Lv`¨ wbivc` I cwi®‹vi ivLv DwPZ |
wbivc` cvwb:
wbivc` cvwb n‡jv eY©nxb, MÜnxb, ¯^v`nxb †mB cvwb, hvi ms¯ú‡k© Avgv‡`i ¶wZ nq bv A_©vr †h cvwb‡Z
¶wZKviK `ªe¨, wewfbœ ivmvqwbK c`v_©, kw³kvjx GwmW I ¶vi, †ivM m„wóKvix RxevYyi cwigvY ¯^xK…Z ¶wZKviK
gvÎv †_‡K Kg _v‡K|
wbivc` Lvevi I wbivc` cvwbi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv:
• evwm-cuPv, dv½vm cov ev `yM©Ühy³ Lvevi LvIqv hv‡e bv| Zv †L‡j †c‡Ui bvbvwea mgm¨vmg~n †hgb-
†ncvUvBwUm G Ges B RwbZ fvBivm †ivM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i
• gvwQ cov Lvevi †L‡j Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq, K‡jiv, UvBd‡qW BZ¨vw` †ivM n‡Z cv‡i
• †Kvb Lvevi ev cvbxq‡Z K…wÎg is †gkv‡bv hv‡e bv| wewfbœ Lvev‡i †hme K…wÎg is e¨envi Kiv nq
†m¸‡jv hw` ivmvqwbK ev Kvc‡oi is nq Zvn‡j K¨vÝvi I wKWbx †ivM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i
• U‡g‡Uv, gUiïuwU, cvKv Kjv, gvQ I wewfbœ Lv`¨‡K m‡ZR ev cvKv Kivi Rb¨ †hme ivmvqwbK c`v_©
e¨envi Kiv nq (†hgb digvwjb, Kve©vBW) Zv †_‡K K¨vÝvimn wewfbœ †ivM n‡Z cv‡i
• wbivc` cvwb e¨env‡i †c‡Ui cxov ev Wvqwiqv, RwÛm, Avgvkq, UvBd‡qW, Pg©‡ivM BZ¨vw` cvwbevwnZ
†ivM msµgb n‡e bv
• †h mg¯Í Lv`¨ ivbœv K‡i LvIqv nq bv (†hgb: mvjv`, mewR) †m¸‡jv wbivc` cvwb‡Z wVKg‡Zv †avqv bv
n‡j Zvi gva¨‡g Ges `~wlZ cvwb, gvwU A_ev Av½y‡ji gva¨‡g K…wgi wWg gyLc‡_i gva¨‡g A‡š¿ cÖ‡ek
K‡i
wbivc` Lvevi I cvwb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ KiYxq welqmg~n:
1. cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivLyb:
• nvZ cwi®‹vi K‡i cÖwZevi Lvevi ˆZwi I cwi‡ekb Kiæb
• wkï‡`i gjg~Î cwi®‹vi Kivi ci nvZ mvevb w`‡q fvjfv‡e cwi®‹vi Kiæb
• cï cvwL cwiPhv©i ci nvZ cwi®‹vi Kiæb
• LvIqvi Av‡M Ges wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M fv‡jvfv‡e nvZ ay‡q wbb
• LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ evwU, PvgP BZ¨vw` e¨env‡ii Av‡M mvevb I cvwb w`‡q cwi®‹vi K‡i ay‡q wbb
• Lvevi Rb¨ e¨eüZ evmbÑcÎ ay‡q wbb
• ivbœvNi I Lv`¨ †cvKvgvKo gy³ Kiæb
• memgq UvUKv Lvevi wbev©Pb Kiæb
• nuvwP ev Kvwk †`qvi mgq bvK I gyL †X‡K ivLyb
............................
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
21
2. KuvPv Ges ivbœv Kiv Lv`¨ Avjv`v ivLyb:
• ivbœv Kiv Lvevi †_‡K KvuPv gvQ, gvsm, mewR Avjv`v ivLyb| KvuPv gvQ, gvsm, mewR BZ¨vw` KvUvi Rb¨
cwi®‹vi Qywi/ewU e¨envi Kiæb
• XvKbvhy³ cv‡Î ivbœv Kiv Lvevi ivLyb
3. fvjfv‡e wm× K‡i ivbœv Kiæb:
• gvsm, wWg fvj K‡i wm× K‡i ivbœv Kiæb
• cybivq Mig Kivi mgq fv‡jvfv‡e Mig Kiæb| m¤¢e n‡j fvj K‡i dzwU‡q wbb
• `ya fv‡jvfv‡e dzwU‡q cvb Kiæb
4. wbivc` ZvcgvÎvq msi¶Y Kiæb:
• ivbœv Kiv Lvevi N‡ii ZvcgvÎvq 2 N›Uvi †ekx bv ivLv
• Lvevi †iwd«Rv‡iU‡i _vK‡jI j¤^v mgq Lv`¨ msi¶Y bv Kiv
• wkï‡`i Lvevi UvUKv nIqv evÂbxq Ges ivbœvi ci msi¶Y Kiv DwPZ bq
5. wbivc` cvwb e¨envi Kiæb:
• ivbœv I Lvevi LvIqvi †¶‡Î memgq wbivc` cvwb e¨envi Kiæb
• cvwb cvb Kivi c~‡e© dzwU‡q †bqv DwPZ| hw` m¤¢e bv nq Zvn‡j weøwPs cvDWvi, wdUwKwi, cvwb weï×KiY
ewo e¨envi K‡i RxevYygy³ Kiæb Ges cwi®‹vi cv‡Î ivL‡Z ejyb
• cyKzi wKsev b`xi cvwb cvb bv Kiv
• hw` KvuPv †L‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j dj I kvK wbivc` cvwb‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q wbb
• me&wR I djg~j KvUvi c~‡e© 1 Pv PvgP Lvevi jeY wbivc` cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q Kgc‡¶ 30 wgwbU wfwR‡q
ivL‡j kvK-mewR I djg~‡j Aew¯’Z ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©i ¶wZKi cÖfve eûjvs‡k K‡g hvq
• cÖwµqvRvZ, c¨v‡KURvZ Lvevi †gqv` (Expiry date) cvi n‡j Lv‡eb bv
nvZ †avqvi ¸iæZ¡ Ges KLb KLb Aek¨B nvZ ay‡Z n‡e:
nvZ †avqvi ¸iæZ¡:
1. Lv`¨ mvgMÖx I cvwb msµwgZ nIqv Gov‡Z
2. gy‡L RxevYy cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv Gov‡Z
3. Wvqwiqv msµgb Gov‡Z
4. K…wgi msµgb Gov‡Z
5. Pg©‡ivM msµgb Gov‡Z
KLb KLb Aek¨B nvZ ay‡Z n‡e:
1. Lvevi ˆZix/ ivbœv Kivi Av‡M
2. †Kvb Lvevi aivi ev wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M gv/hZœKvix I wkïi nvZ ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e
3. cvqLvbv/Uq‡jU e¨envi Kivi c‡i
4. wkïi cvqLvbv cwi®‹vi Kivi c‡i (ev Ab¨ †Kvb cvqLvbv)
5. Mevw` cï-cvLx aivi c‡i Ges Zv‡`i cvqLvbv cwi®‹vi Kivi c‡i
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
22
GQvovI wbgœwjwLZ mg‡q nvZ †avqv Avek¨K:
1. wkïi mw`© cwi®‹vi Kivi c‡i
2. nvuwP †`qvi c‡i
3. KvuPv gvQ - gvsm aivi c‡i
4. †ivMx‡K †`Lvi Av‡M I c‡i
5. gqjv wb‡q KvR ev †Ljv Kivi c‡i
6. UvKv-cqmv aivi c‡i
Qwet nvZ †avqvi c×wZ
1
2
3
4
cvwb w`‡q nv‡Zi
Kwâ ch©šÍ wfwR‡q
cy‡iv nv‡Z Kwâ ch©šÍ
fv‡jvfv‡e mvevb jvMv‡Z
cÖPzi †dbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges `yB nv‡Zi
Av½y‡ji fuvR, b‡Li bxPmn Kwâ ch©šÍ N‡l
cÖevngvb cwi®‹vi cvwbi avivq
`yB nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q wb‡Z
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
23
4. 2 ¯^v¯^¨m¤§Zfv‡e Lvevi ˆZix Kiv : (mgq 35 wgwbU)
1. ivbœvi c~‡e© Ges LvIqvi c~‡e© fv‡jvfv‡e nvZ mvevb I cvwb w`‡q cwi®‹vi K‡i ay‡q wbb
2. ivbœvi Rb¨ ZiKvix eo eo UzKiv K‡i KvUv DwPZ, G‡Z Lvev‡ii cywó¸Y eRvq _v‡K
3. †h mKj Lvevi m‡ZR Ges fv‡jv Zv w`‡q Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kiæb
4. ivbœvi cy‡e© gvQ, gvsm, kvK-me&wR, djg~j cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q †avqv DwPZ| Zv bv n‡j RxevYy msµvgY
n‡Z cv‡i
5. Lvevi fvjfv‡e ivbœv Kiv A_©vr †Kvb Ask KuvPv bv ivLv-†hb mKj RxevYy gviv hvq| gvQ, gvsm, wWg,
gyiMx fv‡jv Zv‡c ivbœv Kiv DwPZ| wWg KvuPv Ae¯’vq LvIqv DwPZ bq
6. evwm Lvevi LvIqvi Av‡M cvwb dzUv‡bvi ZvcgvÎv ch©šÍ Mig K‡i †bqv
7. Lv`¨ cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z cwi®‹vi I wbivc` cvwb e¨envi Kiv
8. ayjvevwj Gov‡bvi Rb¨ Lv‡`¨i cvÎ I ivbœvi nvwo †g‡S‡Z bv ivLv
9. ivbœvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ ˆZRmcÎ †hgb ewU, Qzwi, `v BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kivi ci fvjfv‡e †avqv DwPZ| hw`
m¤¢e nq cybivq e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Zv Mig cvwb I mvevb w`‡q cwi®‹vi Kiv
10. Lvev‡i Av‡qvwWb hy³ jeY e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e
cwi®‹vi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Zfv‡e Lvevi msi¶Y:
1. cwi®‹vi I XvKbvhy³ cv‡Î Lvevi msi¶Y Kiv DwPZ
2. m¤¢e n‡j Lvevi ïK‡bv K‡i ivLv DwPZ (†hgb- ¸ov `ya, wPwb, mywR)
3. Lvevi ˆZixi 2 N›Uvi g‡a¨ Lvevi LvIqv DwPZ
4. hw` A‡bK¶Y Lvevi evB‡i _v‡K, Zvn‡j Lvevi fv‡jv K‡i Mig K‡i LvIqv DwPZ, †hb Rxevbyi
msµgb bv N‡U
5. †cvKv gvK‡oi ev Ab¨ †Kvb RxevYyi AvµgY †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ Lvevi ïK‡bv ¯’vb Ges VvÐv cwi‡e‡k
msi¶Y Kiv DwPZ
6. ivbœv Kiv Lvevi wd«‡R ev Zv‡K Zz‡j ivLv DwPZ
7. KvuPv gvQ, gvsm, gyiMx Avjv`v ¯’v‡b ivLv DwPZ| wd«‡R ivLv `ya 1 w`‡bi g‡a¨ e¨envi Kiv DwPZ
8. Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY m~h© iwk¥ †_‡K `~‡i XvKbvhy³ Kuv‡Pi e‡qvg ev cøvw÷‡Ki cv‡Î msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e
Ges ivbœvi †kl gyn‚‡Z© jeY e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| evRv‡ii †Lvjv jeY †Kbv DwPZ bv
9. kix‡ii cywó Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi kvK-mewR †hgb jvjkvK, cyuBkvK, wgwó Avjyi kvK,
wgwó Kzgov I kvK, KjwgkvK, KPzkvK BZ¨vw` Lvb
10. cÖwZw`b ¯’vbxqfv‡e cvIqv hvq †hgb- †jey, Kjv, †cqviv, Avg, †cu‡c BZ¨vw` †h‡Kvb GKwU †gŠmygx
dj Lvb
11. †gŠmy‡g gvQ fv‡jvfv‡e ïwK‡q mviveQi LvIqvi Rb¨ msi¶Y Kiæb|
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Dcv‡q ïuUwK gvQ Drcv`b I msi¶Y
KvuPv gvQ †iv‡` ïwK‡q ïuUwK gvQ Kiv nq, G‡Z-
• gv‡Qi AcPq †iva nq A_¨©vr †gŠmy‡g AwZwi³ gvQ c‡P bó n‡Z cv‡i bv
• mviveQi we‡kl K‡i `~‡h©vMKvjxb mg‡q gvQ LvIqv wbwðZ nq
• gv‡Qi ïuUwK Drcv`b weKí Av‡qi Drm n‡Z cv‡i|
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
24
KuvPv gv‡Qi cwiPh©v
• Kg Pwe©hy³ UvUKv gv‡Qi cvLbv, AvuBk, dzjKv I bvwof‚wo †d‡j w`‡q gvQ wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwb‡Z auy‡q wbb
• eo gvQ n‡j †giæ`Ð eivei `yB cv‡k j¤^vjw¤^ K‡i A_ev KvUvi `yBw`‡K AvovAvwo K‡i wP‡o †djzb
• gv‡Q cwi®‹vi jeY (10 †KwR gv‡Q 1 †KwR) †g‡L ch©vß cwigvY eid w`‡q 6-8 N›Uv †i‡L w`b
• jeY wgwkªZ gvQ eo evjwZ ev Mvgjvq cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z cvuP wgwbU Wzwe‡q ayu‡q wbb
• gwiP I njy‡`i ¸ov (10 †KwR gv‡Q 10-30 MÖvg) GK‡Î wgwk‡q gv‡Q †g‡L wbb|
gvQ ïKv‡bv
Lye †fv‡i euv‡ki gvPv ev Wvjvq njy` gvLv‡bv gvQ Nb gkvwi †bU w`‡q cy‡ivcywi †X‡K †iv‡` ïKv‡Z w`b|
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Dcv‡q ïuUwK gvQ Drcv`b I msi¶Y
KuvPv gv‡Qi cwiPh©v
gvQ ïKv‡bv
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
ïuUwK gvQ msi¶Y I evRviRvZKiY
fv‡jvfv‡e ïKv‡bv ïuUwK gvQ VvÐv Ae¯’vq XvKbvIqvjv Wªvg ev k³ cwjw_b e¨v‡M f‡i †djyb evRviRvZ Kivi
Rb¨ hZ `ªæZ m¤¢e evqy‡ivax cwjw_b e¨v‡M (eo gvQ myweavg‡Zv AvKv‡i †QvU †QvU UzK‡iv K‡i) f‡i Zr¶Yvr
P‚ovšÍ c¨v‡KU ˆZwi Kiæb|
ïuUwK gvQ msi¶Y I evRviRvZKiY
25
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
Awa‡ekb 5:
eqm Abyhvqx cywó Pvwn`v
5.1 wkïi cywó (0-24 gvm)
5.2 wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixi cywó
5.3 Mf©eZx I `y»`vbKvix gv‡qi cywó
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY wewfbœ eq‡m wfbœ wfbœ cywó Pvwn`v Ges Zv wbwðZKiY Gi Dcvqmg~n Rvb‡Z
cvi‡eb
5.1: 0-24 gvm eqmx wkïi cywó
wkïi R‡b¥i ci †_‡K 24 gvm eqm ch©šÍ cÖ_g `yB eQi wkïi mvwe©K weKvk (kvixwiK I gvbwmK) Gi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| gv Mf©avi‡bi ci †_‡K wkïi eqm `yB eQi nIqv ch©šÍ †gvU 1000 w`b‡K m¤¢vebvi ¯^Y©Øvi ejv nq|
G mgq gv I wkïi h_vh_ cywó wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zv mviv Rxe‡bi wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| R‡b¥i mv‡_ mv‡_B
wkï‡K ey‡Ki ya Uvb‡Z †`qvi gva¨‡g †h cywó mieivn ïiæ nq Zv c~Y© 6 gvm eq‡m evowZ Lvevi ïiæ Kivi gva¨‡g
†Rvi`vi nq Ges `yB eQi eqm ch©šÍ ey‡Ki `ya Pvwj‡q hvIqvi gva¨‡g Zv c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i|
5.1.1 gv‡qi `y‡ai LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv Ges bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv (gv‡qi I wkïi)
GB Kvh©µg †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• wkï‡K gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv Ges bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv ej‡Z cvi‡eb
Kvh©µg 1: kyaygvÎ gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv (gv‡qi I wkïi)
Kvh©µg 2: kyaygvÎ gv‡qi `ya bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv (gv‡qi I wkïi)
†gvU mgq: 30 wgwbU
Kvh©µg 1: kyaygvÎ gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
mnvqK AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K 2wU ‡j fvM K‡i †`‡eb| 1g j‡K Òwkï‡K gv‡qi ya LvIqv‡j wkïi wK wK DcKvi
nqÓ Ges 2q `j‡K Òwkï‡K gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡j gv‡qi wK wK DcKvi nqÓ ej‡Z ej‡eb| Zv‡`i mwVK aviYvi
cÖksmv Ki‡eb Ges †h¸‡jv mwVK bq †m¸‡jv my›`ifv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb| †Kvb welq ev` c‡o †M‡j †m¸‡jv wb‡qI
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
wkïi Rb¨ gv‡qi `y‡ai DcKvwiZv:
1. fv‡jvfv‡e †e‡o IVvi Rb¨ wkïi †hme cywói cÖ‡qvRb Zvi meUzKz cvIqv hvq gv‡qi `y‡a|
2. wkïi eyw×i weKvk fv‡jvfv‡e nq Ges wkï eyw×gvb nq|
3. wkïi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv ev‡o, d‡j wewfbœ AmyL †hgb Wvqwiqv, mw`©-Kvwk, wbD‡gvwbqv, KvbcvKv, GjvwR©
BZ¨vw` †ivM Kg nq|
4. gv‡qi `ya wkïi Rb¨ me‡P‡q wbivc`| GwU mwVK ZvcgvÎvq _v‡K, mn‡R nRg nq Ges †h‡Kvb mg‡q
LvIqv‡bv hvq|
gv‡qi Rb¨ wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv:
1. gv‡qi cÖme cieZx© i³¶iY Kg nq
26
............................
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
2. cÖme cieZx© mgq gv‡qi Rivqy ZvovZvwo Av‡Mi Ae¯’vq wd‡i Av‡m
3. gv‡qi mv‡_ wkïi m¤úK© fvj nq
4. gv‡qi ¯Íb, Rivqy I wW¤^vk‡qi K¨vÝv‡ii SzuwK K‡g
5. gv‡qi mgq evu‡P I Sv‡gjv Kg nq
cwiev‡ii Rb¨ wkï‡K gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv:
1. evowZ `ya †Kbvi LiP ev‡P| wkïi AmyL Kg nq, d‡j wPwKrmv I hvZvqv‡Zi LiPI Kg nq|
Kvh©µg 2t wkï‡K gv‡qi `ya bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
mnvqK AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K 2wU `‡j fvM K‡i †`‡eb| 1g `j‡K Òwkï‡K gv‡qi `ya bv LvIqv‡j wkïi wK wK
AcKvi nqÓ Ges 2q `j‡K Òwkï‡K gv‡qi `ya bv LvIqv‡j gv‡qi wK wK AcKvi nqÓ ej‡Z ej‡eb| Zv‡`i
mwVK aviYvi cÖksmv Ki‡eb Ges †h¸‡jv mwVK bq †m¸‡jv my›`ifv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb| †Kvb welq ev` c‡o †M‡j
†m¸‡jv wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
wkïi Rb¨ wkï‡K gv‡qi `ya bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv:
1. wkï Zvi †`‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡Yi cywó cvq bv, d‡j eqm Abycv‡Z wkïi ˆ`wnK e„w× nq bv (IRb
I D”PZv)|
2. wkïi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv K‡g hvq, d‡j wkï ev‡i ev‡i Amy‡L AvµvšÍ nq, †hgb Wvqwiqv, mw`©©-Kvwk,
wbD‡gvwbqv, KvbcvKv, GjvwR©, BZ¨vw`| Amy‡Li d‡j Avevi wkïi †`‡n Acywó †`Lv †`q Ges wkï cybivq
Amy‡L AvµvšÍ nq| Gfv‡e evi evi wkï †ivMvµvšÍ nq Ges DˇivËi Acywói wkKvi nq|
3. wkïi g„Zz¨nvi e„w× cvq|
4. wkïi eyw×i weKvk Kg nq, d‡j cwibZ eq‡m Kg©¶gZv K‡g hvq|
5. gv‡qi ya Qvov Ab¨vb¨ Lvevi †hgb †KŠUv ev Miæi ya memgq wbivc` bq, G‡Z †fRvj wgwkÖZ _vKvi AvksKv
_v‡K|
6. hviv gv‡qi `ya Kg Lvq Zv‡`i cieZx© Rxe‡b Wvqv‡ewUm, nv‡U©i AmyL †ekx nq|
wkï‡K `ya bv LvIqv‡j gv‡qi AcKvwiZv:
1. gv‡qi cÖme cieZx© i³¶iY †ekx nq|
2. Rivqy ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq wdi‡Z †`ix nq|
3. gv‡qi ¯Íb, Rivqy I wW¤^vk‡qi K¨vÝv‡ii SzuwK ev‡o|
4. evB‡ii `ya ˆZix Ki‡Z gv‡qi A‡bK mgq bó nq, GQvovI `ya †Kbv, †evZj †Kbv, cvwb dzUv‡bvi Rb¨
R¡vjvwb BZ¨vw`i LiP ev‡o|
5.1.2 R‡b¥i ciciB gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Kivi ¸iæZ¡:
GB cÖwkÿY †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• R‡b¥i ciciB hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e wkï‡K gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Kivi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
• ey‡Ki `ya Qvov evB‡ii Lvevi †Kb wkïi ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ¶wZKi Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
Kvh©µg 1: R‡b¥i ciciB gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Kivi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú©‡K Av‡jvPbv
†gvU mgq: 30 wgwbU
R‡b¥i ciciB gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv Avi¤¢ Kiv †Kb MyiæZ¡c~Y© G wel‡q mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z
PvB‡eb Ges Zv‡`i gZvgZ wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| †hme welq ev` c‡o †M‡Q †mme wel‡qI Rvbv‡eb|
27
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
R‡b¥i ciciB †Kb ey‡Ki `ya ev kvj `ya LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e?
R‡b¥i ciciB AšÍZt c‡¶ cÖ_g 1 N›Uvi g‡a¨ beRvZK‡K kvj`ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e G
mgq wkï‡K Ab¨ †Kvb Lvevi †hgb gay, wgwkªi cvwb, †Zj, BZ¨vw` †`qv hv‡e bv| kvj`ya gv‡qi ¯Íb †_‡K
†ei nIqv cÖ_g `ya, hv Nb I AvVv‡jv| GB Nb `ya wkïi Rb¨ LyeB cywóKi Ges cwigv‡b Aí n‡jI
h‡_ó| GQvovI kvj`y‡a cÖPzi †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaK ¶gZv Av‡Q hv wkï‡K wewfbœ †ivM †_‡K i¶v K‡i|
R‡b¥i ciciB wkïi Pz‡l LvIqvi ¶gZv LyeB fv‡jv _v‡K, ZvB gv‡qi ey‡K wkï‡K w`‡j wkï wb‡R wb‡RB
gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya Pzl‡Z _vK‡e| hw` †`wi‡Z gv‡qi ey‡K †`Iqv nq Zvn‡j wkï gv‡qi `ya †Pvlv fy‡j hv‡e,
d‡j cieZ©x‡Z gv‡qi ey‡K `ya †ekx Avm‡jI wkï Avi Zv gy‡L wb‡Z PvB‡e bv ev †U‡b †L‡Z PvB‡e bv|
ZvB kvj`ya Qvov wkï†K Ab¨ wKQz †`Iqv hv‡e bv| wkï hZ NbNb gv‡qi `ya Pzl‡e ZZ ZvovZvwo `y‡ai
cÖevn evo‡e ev bvg‡e|
ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq gv‡qi ey‡Ki mv‡_ wkïi kixi †j‡M _v‡K d‡j wkïi kixi Mig _v‡K|
kvj`y‡ai ¸iæZ¡:
kvj`y‡a wkïi kix‡ii Pvwn`v Abyhvqx meai‡Yi cywó cvIqv hvq A_©vr R‡b¥i cici wkïi hZUzKz cywói
cÖ‡qvRb Ges †cU fivi Rb¨ †h cwigvb `y‡ai cÖ‡qvRb Zv meB kvj`y‡a mwVK cwigv‡b Av‡Q|
kvj`ya wkïi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w× K‡i, d‡j wkï wewfbœ †ivM †_‡K i¶v cvq|
wkï‡K kvj`ya †`Iqvi Av‡M ev c‡i †Kvb wKQz †hgb gay, wPwbi cvwb, mwilvi †Zj, wgwkªi cvwb, evwj©,
Miæi `ya, †KŠUvi `ya ev evB‡ii Ab¨ †Kvb Lvevi G‡Kev‡iB †`qv hv‡e bv| G¸‡jv wkïi ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨
LyeB ¶wZKi| GQvovI R‡b¥i c‡i mwilvi †Zj, cvwb ev Ab¨ †Kvb wKQz w`‡q wkïi gyL cwi®‹vi Kivi
cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
beRvZ‡Ki †cU/cvK¯’jx cÖ_g K‡qKw`b LyeB †QvU _v‡K (†QvU gv‡e©‡ji g‡Zv), ZvB Ab¨ †Kvb Lvevi
w`‡j wkïi †cU f‡i hv‡e, d‡j gv‡qi `ya Avi Pzl‡Z PvB‡e bv| beRvZ‡Ki †cU †h‡nZz LyeB †QvU _v‡K
ZvB cÖ_g K‡qK w`b gv‡qi eyK †_‡K hZUzKz `ya †ei nq ZZUzKzB wkïi Rb¨ h‡_ó, GB K_vwU Avcwb
cÖm‡ei mgq avÎx, gv-evev, cÖwZ‡ewk, cwiev‡ii `v`x-bvwb ev Ab¨ †h‡Kvb gyiæeŸx _vK‡j Zvu‡`iI eywS‡q
ej‡eb|
R‡b¥i ciciB ey‡Ki `ya Pzl‡Z w`‡j gv‡qi Mf©dzj ZvovZvwo c‡o hvq Ges gv‡qi i³¶iY Kg nq|
wkïi cÖ_g Kv‡jv cvqLvbv `ªæZ †ei n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
5.1.3 gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvi bxwZgvjv
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• wkïi R‡b¥i ci †_‡K 2 eQi eqm ch©šÍ gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvi bxwZgvjv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
†gvU mgq: 20 wgwbU
1. R‡b¥i mv‡_ mv‡_ (cÖ_g 1 N›Uvi g‡a¨) wkï‡K kvj`ya w`b| R‡b¥i ciciB wkïi Rb¨ gv‡qi kvj`ya
cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB hZ `ªæZ m¤¢e wkï‡K kvj`ya w`b| G mgq wkïi gy‡L gay, wPwbi cvwb, mwilvi †Zj, wgwkªi
cvwb, †KŠUvi `ya, Miæi `ya ev Ab¨ †Kvb Lvevi G‡Kev‡iB †`qv hv‡e bv|
2. R‡b¥i ci †_‡K 6 gvm eqm ch©šÍ wkï‡K kyaygvÎ gv‡qi `ya w`b|
3. G mg‡q wkïi c~Y©v½ kvwiixK e„w× I gvbwmK weKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡bi cywó mwVK cwigv‡b
cvIqv hvq gv‡qi `y‡a| ZvB wkïi c~Y© 6 gvm (180 w`b) eqm ch©šÍ kyaygvÎ gv‡qi `yaB h‡_ó, G mgq
GgbwK Avjv`v K‡i wkï‡K GK †duvUv cvwbI LvIqv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
28
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
4. 7 gvm eqm †_‡K gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ_g `yB eQi eqm
ch©šÍ wkï‡K gv‡qi `yaI LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
5. wkïi eqm 6 gvm c~Y© n‡q 7 gv‡m co‡j (181 w`b †_‡K) gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk cvwievwiK cywóKi
Lvevi mwVK cwigv‡b LvIqv‡Z n‡e| G mgq †_‡K wkïi kix‡ii cywói Pvwn`v ïaygvÎ gv‡qi `y‡a c~iY
nq bv, ZvB cvkvcwk Ab¨vb¨ Lvev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq| wkïiv GB eqm †_‡K Nb/Aa©Zij Lvevi wMj‡Z †k‡L
Ges nRg Ki‡ZI cv‡i| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e wkï‡K Kgc‡¶ cÖ_g 2 eQi eqm ch©šÍ evowZ Lvev‡ii
cvkvcwk gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bvI Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e|
6. Amy¯’ wkï‡K Nb Nb ey‡Ki `ya Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¯^vfvweK Lvevi evi evi †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
5.1.4: ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq gv I wkïi Ae¯’vb (cwRkb) Ges gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi ms¯’vcb
(GUvP‡g›U) ch©‡e¶Y Kivi wbqg
GB cÖwk¶Y †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq gv I wkï `yBRb‡KB ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡eb eyS‡Z cvi‡eb:
o wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e aiv n‡q‡Q wKbv
o gv‡qi ey‡K wkï mwVKfv‡e †j‡M Av‡Q wKbv
o wkï fv‡jvfv‡e `ya cv‡”Q wK bv
• wkï mwVKfv‡e gv‡qi ey‡K †j‡M _vKvi 4wU g~j Z_¨ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
• gv‡qi wewfbœ iKg Ae¯’vb, †hgb- emv, †kvqv Ges hgR wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bv †KŠkj †`Lv‡Z cvi‡eb|
Kvh©µg 1: `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e aiv Ges gv‡qi ey‡K wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡bvi
¸iæZ¡ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
Kvh©µg 2: cyZz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ mwVKfv‡e wkï‡K aiv †`Lv‡bv Ges Zv nv‡Z Kj‡g Kiv|
Kvh©µg 3: gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi †j‡M _vKv ch©‡e¶Y Kivi Dcvq eY©bv Kiv|
Kvh©µg 4: mwVK Ae¯’vb (cwRkb) Ges ms¯’vcb (GUvP‡g›U) Gi ¸iæZ¡ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
†gvU mgq: 45 wgwbU
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY: cyZzj I evwjk
Kvh©µg 1: `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e aiv Ges gv‡qi ey‡K wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡bvi ¸iæZ¡
wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb mwVKfv‡e aiv ej‡Z wK †evSvq, Gi DcKvwiZv I wKfv‡e
†evSv hv‡e aiv mwVK n‡q‡Q|
• gv‡qi ey‡K wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡bvi ¸iæZ¡ wK Ges mwVKfv‡e bv jvMv‡j wK mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i Zv
eywS‡q ej‡eb|
gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi mwVKfv‡e †j‡M _vKvi ¸iæZ¡:
• wkï gv‡qi ey‡K mwVKfv‡e †j‡M _vK‡j mn‡R `ya Pzl‡Z cvi‡e I h‡_ó cwigv‡b `ya †U‡b †L‡Z cvi‡e,
G‡Z K‡i gv‡qi ey‡K `y‡ai cwigvbI evo‡e| wkï hw` gv‡qi ey‡K mwVKfv‡e †j‡M bv _v‡K, Z‡e †m
mn‡R `ya †U‡b †L‡Z cvi‡e bv, d‡j wkïi †cU fi‡e bv Ges wkï KvbœvKvwU Ki‡e| Ab¨w`‡K gvI g‡b
Ki‡eb †h Zvi ey‡K h‡_ó cwigv‡b `ya †bB|
29
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
• wkï gv‡qi ey‡K mwVKfv‡e bv †j‡M `ya †L‡j gv‡qi ¯Í‡b wewfbœ ai‡Yi mgm¨v †`Lv †`q †hgb- ¯Í‡bi
†euvUv dvUv, ¯Íb †dvjv, BZ¨vw`|
Kvh©µg 2: cyZz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ mwVKfv‡e wkï‡K aiv †`Lv‡bv Ges Zv nv‡Z Kj‡g Kiv
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mvg‡b wkï‡K fyjfv‡e a‡i †`Lv‡eb, †hgb- gv‡qi mvg‡bi w`‡K Szu‡K _vKv,
wkïi †cU gv‡qi †cU †_‡K `~‡i _vKv, BZ¨vw`| Gici mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb
wZwb wK wK fyj K‡i‡Qb|
• mnvqK cyZz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ gv‡qi wewfbœ iK‡gi Ae¯’vb, †hgb- emv Ae¯’vq, †kvqv Ae¯’vq I hgR wkï‡K
GKmv‡_ wKfv‡e `ya LvIqv‡Z nq Zv †`Lv‡eb|
• cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K cyZz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ mnvqK evi evi mwVKfv‡e aiv PP©v Kiv‡eb|
gv I wkïi mwVK Ae¯’vb (cwRkb):
• gv emv ev †kvqv †h‡Kvb Avivg`vqK Ae¯’vq Av‡Qb wK bv Zv fvjfv‡e †`Lyb| gv hw` e‡m `ya LvIqv‡Z
Avivg †eva K‡ib, Zvn‡j †`qvj ev Lv‡Ui w`‡K †njvb w`‡q Avivg K‡i emv‡eb|
• wkï‡K `ya †`Iqvi mgq cÖ_‡gB wkïi kixi gv‡qi w`‡K Nywi‡q wb‡eb Ges wkïi gyL gv‡qi ¯Í‡bi Kv‡Q
wb‡q Avm‡eb| j¶¨ Ki‡eb, gv †hb wkïi w`‡K Szu‡K ¯Íb GwM‡q bv †`q, eis wkï‡K gv‡qi w`‡K GwM‡q
Avb‡eb| A_©vr wkïi kixi I gyL gv‡qi ¯Í‡bi w`‡K †div‡bv _vK‡e, G‡Z K‡i wkï I gv `yÕRb `yÕR‡bi
gyL †`L‡Z cvi‡e|
• wkï‡K Ggbfv‡e ai‡eb hv‡Z wkïi Nvo I gv_v gv‡qi GKnv‡Zi KbyB Gi fvu‡Ri Dci _v‡K| cÖ‡qvRb
†ev‡a gv‡qi †Kv‡ji Dci evwjk †i‡L Zvi Dci wkï‡K ivL‡eb, G‡Z K‡i wkï wb‡Pi w`‡K †b‡g hv‡e
bv Ges wkïi nvZ I gv‡qi nvZ Sy‡j _vK‡e bv| gv‡qi ey‡Ki mv‡_ wkïi eyK I †cU jvMv‡bv _vK‡e|
†Lqvj Ki‡Z n‡e wkïi gv_v, Nvo I cvQv A_v©r cy‡iv kixi †hb †mvRv ev GK jvB‡b _v‡K|
• gv‡qi ¯Íb hw` fvix ev eo nq, Z‡e gv‡K GK nvZ w`‡q ÔcÕ Gi g‡Zv K‡i ¯Íb ai‡Z wkwL‡q w`‡eb|
ey‡Ki wb‡P nv‡Zi Pvi Av½yj ivL‡Z ej‡eb Ges ey‡ov Av½yj ¯Í‡bi Dci nvjKvfv‡e ivL‡Z ej‡eb|
ÕKvuwPÕi g‡Zv K‡i ¯Íb aiv DwPZ bq, G‡Z K‡i `y‡ai bvjxi Dci Pvc c‡o Ges `y‡ai cÖevn K‡g hvq I
wkï `ya Kg cvq|
Qwe : †kvqv Ae¯’vb Qwe : emv Ae¯’vb Qwe: ÔcÕ Gi gZ K‡i ¯Íb aiv
30
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
Kvh©µg 3 : gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi †j‡M _vKv ch©‡e¶Y Kivi Dcvq eY©bv Kiv
• mnvqK gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi †j‡M _vKvi ev ms¯’vc‡bi 4wU g~j Z_¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K cÖ_‡g eB Gi Qwei gva¨‡g I c‡i wfwWI cÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡g wkï‡K mwVK
fv‡e ms¯’vcb †`Lv‡eb|
gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi ms¯’vc‡bi 4wU g~j Z_¨ I ch©‡e¶Y cÖbvjx:
1. gv‡qi ey‡Ki †euvUv w`‡q wkïi bv‡Ki wb‡P Ges Dc‡ii †Vvu‡Ui gvSLv‡b evi evi †Qvuqv‡eb, G‡Z K‡i wkï
eo K‡i nuv Ki‡e (Qwe K, L)| wkï eo K‡i nuv bv Kiv ch©šÍ A‡c¶v Kiæb|
2. wkï hLb eo K‡i nv Ki‡e wVK ZLbB ¯Í‡bi †euvUvmn Kv‡jv Ask wkkyi gy‡Li wfZi w`‡Z n‡e (Qwe M),
KviY †euvUvi Pviw`‡Ki Kv‡jv As†ki wfZ‡i †ekx `ya Rgv _v‡K ev `y‡ai bvjx¸‡jv PIov _v‡K|
3. wkïi _yZwb I bvK gv‡qi ¯Í‡bi mv‡_ †j‡M _vK‡e (Qwe N)| wkïi wb‡Pi †VvuU evB‡ii w`‡K Dëv‡bv
_vK‡e|
Qwe K: ¯Í‡bi †euvUv wkïi
bv‡Ki wb‡P jvMv‡bv
Qwe M: ¯Í‡bi †euvUvmn Kv‡jv
Ask gy‡L †`qv
Qwe L: eo K‡i nuv Kiv
Qwe N: mwVK ms¯’vcb Qwe N: fzj ms¯’vcb
Qwe N: mwVK ms¯’vcb Qwe N: fzj ms¯’vcb
31
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
4. gv‡qi ͇bi Kv‡jv Ask hw` †ekx eo nq Zvn‡j j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e, Kv‡jv As‡ki wb‡Pi w`K †hb cy‡ivcywi
wkïi gy‡L hvq, Dc‡ii w`‡Ki GKUz Ask †ei n‡q †M‡jI †Kvb Amyweav †bB|
hgR wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bvi c×wZ :
GKRb gv GKBmv‡_ `yBRb wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ya ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| KviY †`Lv hvq hLb wkï gv‡qi GK
¯Íb Pyl‡Z _v‡K ZLb Ab¨ ¯Íb †_‡K `ya co‡Z _v‡K| GQvovI wkï h‡Zv †ewk ¯Íb †Pv‡l Z‡Zv †ewk `ya ˆZwi nq,
A_©vr wkïi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx gv‡qi `ya ˆZwi nq| ZvB hgR wkï n‡jI GKRb gv mn‡RB 6 gvm eqm ch©šÍ ïaygvÎ
ey‡Ki `ya w`‡q wkï‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| `yB wkï‡K GKBmv‡_ `yB ¯Í‡b jvMv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z
K‡i `yBRb GKmv‡_ `ya †L‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z `ywU myweav nq, Ab¨ ¯Í‡bi `ya c‡o bó nq bv Ges gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡Z
mgqI Kg jv‡M| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î evwoi mK‡ji Ges ¯^v¯’¨Kgx©‡`i mn‡hvwMZv †c‡j gv‡qi AvZ¥wek¦vm ev‡o Ges
gv mdjfv‡e hgR wkï‡`i GKmv‡_ ïaygvÎ ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z wkï‡K aivi wbqg Qwe‡Z
†`Lv‡bv n‡jv (Qwe K, L, M)|
5.1.5 : wfwWI cÖ`k©b 1) gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv I 2) nvZ w`‡q ey‡Ki `ya †M‡j †ei Kiv Ges msi¶Y
cÖwµqv
GB wfwWI cÖ`k©b †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq gv wkï‡K wKfv‡e ai‡eb Zv ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• wkï gv‡qi ¯Íb wKfv‡e ai‡e I `ya Pz‡l Lv‡e Zv ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• wewfbœ †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g wKfv‡e nvZ w`‡q †P‡c gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya †ei Ki‡Z nq, wKfv‡e msi¶Y Ki‡Z
nq, †Kgb cvÎ e¨envi Ki‡Z nq, KZ¶Y †i‡L †`qv hvq, PvgP w`‡q wKfv‡e LvIqv‡Z nq Zv wkL‡Z
cvi‡eb|
• GKRb gv‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i nv‡Z Kj‡g mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb I wkLv‡Z cvi‡eb|
Kvh©µg 1: wfwWI cÖ`k©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ I welqe¯‘ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
Kvh©µg 2: `ya †ei Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges Kvc/Pvg‡P K‡i `ya LvIqv‡bv wk¶v|
Kvh©µg 3: ey‡Ki `ya †M‡j †ei Kivi Rb¨ cvÎ wbe©vPb I gv‡qi KiYxq welqmg~n wk¶v|
Kvh©µg 4: Kv‡c/Pvg‡P K‡i wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bv wk¶v|
†gvU mgq: 1 N›Uv 15 wgwbU (cÖ‡qvR‡b 2 evi wfwWIwU †`Lv‡eb)
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY: wUwf, wfwWI †cøqvi I wfwWI K¨v‡mU| cÖ‡qvR‡b we`y¨r Gi cwie‡Z© e¨vUvwiPvwjZ wUwf I
wfwWI †cøqvi e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
Qwe K: dzUej Qwe M: mgvšÍivjQwe L: µm
32
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
Kvh©µg 1: wfwWI cÖ`k©b Gi D‡Ïk¨ I welqe¯‘ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ej‡eb cÖwk¶‡Y hv hv Rvb‡Qb ev nv‡Z Kj‡g K‡i wkL‡Qb ZviB wKQz Ask
wb‡q GB wfwWIwU ˆZix|
• mnvqK Av‡iv ej‡eb, †hme welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡”Q Zv GLb c`©vq †`L‡j g‡b ivL‡Z myweav n‡e|
Kv‡b †kvbv, †Pv‡L †`Lv Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g Kiv GB wZbwU c×wZ wgwj‡q GB cÖwk¶‡Yi welqMy‡jv
cieZx©‡Z Zv‡`i Kv‡R A‡bK mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
• GKRb ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x wKfv‡e wkï‡K gv‡qi ey‡K mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Qb Zv fv‡jvfv‡e †`L‡eb|
• wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bvi 4wU g~j Z_¨ fv‡jvfv‡e †`L‡eb Ges g‡b ivL‡eb|
• wewfbœ †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g ey‡Ki `ya †M‡j †ei Kiv ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb |
• gv hw` g‡b K‡ib Zvi ey‡Ki `ya Kg, Z‡e Zvi mgvavb¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e ïb‡eb|
• me‡k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gZvgZ wb‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|
Kvh©µg 2: `ya †ei Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges Kvc/Pvg‡P K‡i `ya LvIqv‡bv wk¶v
• GKRb gv‡qi KLb ey‡Ki `ya †ei Ki‡Z n‡e Zv ej‡Z I eyS‡Z cvi‡eb|
• nvZ w`‡q †P‡c `ya †ei Kivi wewfbœ †KŠkj wkL‡Z Ges cÖwk¶Y †k‡l gv‡q‡`i mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• †M‡j †ei Kiv `ya †Kgb cv‡Î ivL‡eb Ges KZ¶Y †i‡L LvIqv‡bv hv‡e Zv wkL‡Z cvi‡eb |
wewfbœ Ae¯’vq gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya †ei K‡i wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb nq, †hgb wkï hLb cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv gv‡qi `ya
Pz‡l ev †U‡b †L‡Z bv cv‡i, ZLb Zv‡K gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya †M‡j †ei K‡i LvIqv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e
gv‡qi `ya Amy¯’ wkïi Rb¨ AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq| Amy¯’ Ae¯’vq gv‡qi `ya wkï‡K ZvovZvwo my¯’ K‡i †Zv‡j| †h
Ae¯’vq wkï gv‡qi `ya wVKg‡Zv †U‡b †L‡Z bv cv‡i Zv n‡jv:
1. Kg IR‡bi Rb¥ wkï
2. mg‡qi Av‡M Rb¥ †bIqv AcwiYZ wkï
3. Rb¥MZ ÎæwU (†VvuU KvUv, Zvjy KvUv, BZ¨vw`)
4. wbD‡gvwbqv, Kvwk, mw`©‡Z bvK eÜ _vKv
5. AwZwi³ Wvqwiqvi Kvi‡Y `ye©j n‡q cov
gv‡qi mgm¨vi Kvi‡YI gv‡S gv‡S gv‡qi `ya †M‡j wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z nq, †hgb:
1. `ya R‡g ¯Íb dz‡j †M‡j
2. ¯Í‡bi †evuUv †d‡U †M‡j ev Nv n‡j
3. ¯Í‡bi †evuUv wfZ‡ii w`‡K XyKv‡bv _vK‡j
PvKzwiRxwe gv‡qiv hviv †ek eo GKUv mgq evwoi evB‡i _v‡Kb Zviv wkïi Rb¨ `ya †M‡j msi¶Y K‡i †i‡L
†h‡Z cv‡ib, hv cieZx©‡Z wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| GQvovI Kg©Rxwe gv‡qiv Zv‡`i Kg©¯’‡j _vKvKvjxb ¯Íb
†_‡K `ya PzB‡q cov †iva Ki‡Z `ya †M‡j Zv msi¶YI Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges cieZ©x‡Z wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z cv‡ib|
Z‡e g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, `ya msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡j Aek¨B wd«R _vK‡Z n‡e (Awd‡m I evmvq)|
33
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
Qwe K: ¯Í‡b Pvc w`‡q `ya †ei Kiv
Qwe K: Dci †_‡K wb‡P Qwe L: e„ËvKv‡i gvwjk
Kvh©µg 3: ey‡Ki `ya †M‡j †ei Kivi Rb¨ cvÎ wbe©vPb I gv‡qi KiYxq welqmg~n wk¶v
mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i `ya †M‡j ivLv wk¶v †`qvi Av‡M 2wU welq wk¶v †`‡eb:
1. `ya ivLvi cvÎwU mvevb w`‡q cwi®‹vi Kivi c×wZ
2. mvevb w`‡q gv‡qi wb‡Ri nvZ ay‡q †bqvi c×wZ| Gici nvZ w`‡q `ya †M‡j ivLvi c×wZ wkwL‡q †`‡eb|
1. GKwU eo gy‡Li evwU ev cvÎ wb‡Z n‡e| evwU ev cvÎwU‡K fv‡jv K‡i mvevb w`‡q cwi®‹vi cvwb w`‡q ay‡q
wb‡q 20 wgwbU Pzjvq Mig cvwb‡Z dzwU‡q wb‡Z n‡e, G‡Z K‡i mg¯Í RxevYy aŸsm n‡e|
2. `ya †M‡j ivLvi Av‡M gv fvjfv‡e mvevb w`‡q wb‡Ri nvZ ay‡q †b‡eb, hv‡Z K‡i nv‡Z †Kvb †ivM Rxevby
†j‡M bv _v‡K|
3. gv Avivg K‡i em‡eb| `ya Mvjvi c~‡e© m¤¢e n‡j wkï‡K wKQz mgq ¯Íb Pzl‡Z w`‡Z n‡e, G‡Z K‡i `y‡ai
cÖevn evo‡e| †Kvb Kvi‡Y wkï ya Pzl‡Z bv cvi‡j yB nvZ w`‡q wKQz¶Y Íb gvwjk (g¨vmvR) Ki‡Z n‡e,
Zvn‡j fvjfv‡e `ya Avm‡e (Qwe K I L)|
4. ey‡ov Av½yj ¯Í‡bi Dc‡ii w`‡K I evwK PviwU Av½yj wb‡P †i‡L ÔCÕ Gi g‡Zv K‡i ¯Íb‡K GKUz wfZ‡ii
w`‡K nvjKvfv‡e †U‡b wb‡q Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í evi evi Pvc w`‡q Avevi Qvo‡Z n‡e, Gfv‡e evi evi Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖ_‡g `ya bv Avm‡jI c‡i †duvUvq †duvUvq `ya †ei n‡q Avm‡e| GB c×wZ‡Z e¨_v cvevi K_v bq| hw`
nq Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e c×wZ‡Z †Kvb fyj Av‡Q (Qwe K)|
5. ¯Í‡bi Kv‡jv As‡k Pvc w`‡q `ya †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †evuUvq bq| †evuUvq Pvc w`‡j `ya †ei nq bv|
6. ¯Í‡bi wewfbœ Ask †_‡K Nywi‡q Nywi‡q Pvc w`‡q `ya †ei Ki‡Z n‡e (Qwe K I L)|
34
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
Qwe-K: Kv‡ci mvnv‡h¨ wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv
Qwe L: ¯Í‡bi wewfbœ Ask †_‡K Nywi‡q Nywi‡q `ya †ei Kiv
7. GK ¯Íb †_‡K Kgc‡¶ 3-5 wgwbU ch©šÍ `ya †ei Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges †mB ¯Í‡bi `ya hLb †kl n‡q Avm‡e
ZLb Ab¨ ¯Íb †_‡K `ya †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| m¤ú~Y©fv‡e `ya †M‡j †ei Ki‡Z 20-30 wgwbU mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb
nq|
Kvh©µg 4: Kv‡c/Pvg‡P K‡i wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bv wk¶v
mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Mvjv‡bv ev †ei Kiv ey‡Ki `ya wKfv‡e Kvc ev Pvg‡Pi mvnv‡h¨ wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z n‡e
Zv cyZz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡eb| wk¶v ïiæi Av‡M mnvqK nvZ fv‡jv K‡i ay‡q wb‡eb|
• wkï‡K †mvRv K‡i ev Ava‡kvqv K‡i †Kv‡j emvb| GKev‡i hZUzKz `ya †`‡eb ZZUzKz Pvg‡P ev Kv‡c
wbb| Kvc/PvgP nvjKv K‡i wkïi bx‡Pi †Vvu‡U aiyb| wkïi †Vvu‡U Kvc/Pvg‡Pi †Qvuqv jvM‡j wkï gyL nv
Ki‡e Ges wRnŸv w`‡q gy‡L `ya wb‡Z _vK‡e| Gfv‡e Aí Aí K‡i `ya Pz‡l †L‡q †dj‡e|
• Kvc/PvgPwU‡K Aí GKUz KvZ K‡i aiyb hv‡Z Aí GKUz `ya wkïi †Vvu‡U jv‡M| wkïi gy‡L mivmwi `ya
Xvj‡eb bv| nvjKv K‡i Kvc/PvgPwU‡K wkïi †Vvu‡U ai‡j †m wb‡RB †L‡Z _vK‡e (Qwe K)|
35
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
Qwe 9: ¯Í‡bi †euvUv dvUv I Zvi mgvavb
3. mgm¨v
¯Í‡bi †euvUvi Pvgov
wQ‡j †M‡j
mwVK wbq‡g wkï‡K `ya
LvIqvb
†euvUvi Dc‡i ey‡Ki `ya
jvwM‡q wKQzÿY †iv` jvMvb|
Kvh©µg 5: ey‡Ki `ya †M‡j †ei K‡i Zv msi¶Y Kivi c×wZ Av‡jvPbv
1. Mvjv‡bv ev †ei Kiv `ya GKwU cwi®‹vi wPbvgvwUi ev Kvu‡Pi cv‡Î msi¶Y Ki‡eb Ges Kv‡uPi wcwiP w`‡q
†X‡K ivL‡eb|
2. N‡ii wfZ‡ii ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq ey‡Ki `ya 6 †_‡K 8 N›Uv ch©šÍ ivLv hvq|
3. wkï‡K hLb LvIqv‡Z n‡e ZLb GKev‡i hZUzKz `ya †m Lv‡e ZZUzKz `ya evwU‡Z †b‡eb Ges evwUwU
nvjKv Mig cvwb‡Z wKQz¶Y †i‡L `yaUzKz nvjKv Mig K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| G `ya AvMy‡b ev Pzjvq Mig Kiv
hv‡e bv, G‡Z `y‡ai cywó¸Y bó n‡q hv‡e|
5. 1.6: ¯Í‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨v I mgvavb
mgq: 1 N›Uv
GB cÖwk¶Y †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• wkï‡K gv‡qi ¯Í‡b mwVKfv‡e bv jvMv‡j ¯Í‡bi wK wK mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb I Zvi
mgvavb wkL‡eb Ges cieZ©x‡Z gv‡K nv‡Z Kj‡g mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• gv wkï‡K hv‡Z mdjfv‡e 6 gvm eqm ch©šÍ ïaygvÎ ey‡Ki `ya Ges `yB eQi eqm ch©šÍ evowZ Lvev‡ii
cvkvcvwk ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z cv‡i †mB e¨vcv‡i mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• wKfv‡e ey‡Ki `y‡ai cwigvY evov‡bv hvq †mB e¨vcv‡i gv‡K civgk© w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e bv ai‡j ev gv‡qi mv‡_ wkïi Ae¯’vb mwVK bv n‡j wkï gv‡qi ¯Íb mwVKfv‡e gy‡L wb‡Z cv‡i
bv A_©vr ms¯’vcbI mwVK nq bv, d‡j wkï fv‡jvfv‡e ey‡Ki `ya †U‡b †L‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi wkï fv‡jvfv‡e gv‡qi
`ya †L‡Z bv cvi‡j gv‡qi ¯Í‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨v †`Lv †`q|
1. ¯Í‡bi †euvUv dvUv
A‡bK gv Rv‡bb bv wKfv‡e wkï‡K ¯Í‡b jvMv‡Z nq, Zviv g‡b K‡ib ¯Í‡bi †euvUv Pyl‡jB `ya cvIqv hvq| G aviYv
mwVK bq| Gi d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb wkï cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv gv‡qi `ya cvq bv Ab¨w`‡K †Zgb ¯Í‡bI mgm¨v †`Lv †`q,
†hgb ¯Í‡bi †euvUv dvUv| wkï hLb ïay †euvUv Pzl‡Z _v‡K (A_©vr ¯Í‡bi †euvUvi Pvicv‡ki Kv‡jv Ask Qvov) ZLb
wkï fvjfv‡e `ya cvq bv| †ekx `ya cvIqvi Rb¨ wkï ¯Í‡bi †euvUv AwZwi³ Pzl‡Z _v‡K| GB AwZwi³ Pv‡ci d‡j
†euvUvi Pvicv‡ki Pvgov †d‡U jvj n‡q hvq Ges †euvUvq ¶Z ev Nv-Gi m„wó nq| †euvUvi Pvgov †d‡U †M‡j Zv w`‡q
RxevYy ¯Í‡bi wfZi cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges ZLb Lye e¨_v nq Ges i³¶iYI n‡Z cv‡i (Qwe: 9)|
36
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
mgvavb: wkï‡K gv‡qi ey‡K mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e ev ai‡Z n‡e| †euvUv Ges Zvi Pvicv‡ki Kv‡jv Askmn wkïi
gy‡L w`‡Z n‡e| †euvUv †ewk †d‡U †M‡j `ya LvIqv‡bvi †k‡l ¯Í‡bi Mvp `ya GKUz †ei K‡i dvUv ¯’v‡b jvwM‡q
ivL‡Z n‡e Ges m¤¢e n‡j wKQz mgq †iv` jvMv‡Z n‡e| myweavg‡Zv mg‡q ¯Í‡b GKUz †Lvjv evZvm jvMv‡Z n‡e|
¯Í‡b mvevb ev wµg jvMv‡bv hv‡e bv| cwi®‹vi wXjvXvjv mywZi Kvco ci‡Z n‡e| `ya LvIqv‡Z gv‡qi hw` A‡bK
e¨_v jv‡M Zvn‡j `ya †M‡j wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e KLbB wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bv eÜ Kiv Pj‡e bv|
cÖ‡qvR‡b wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© wb‡Z n‡e| Z‡e gv hw` mwVKfv‡e ¯Í‡bi †euvUvmn Kv‡jv Ask cy‡ivcywi gy‡L w`‡q
wkï‡K `ya LvIqvb Zvn‡j G mgm¨v †`Lv †`‡e bv|
2. ¯Íb †dvjv
nVvr K‡i ¯Íb `y‡a cwic~Y© n‡q †M‡j ¯Íb dz‡j k³ n‡q hvq| we‡kl K‡i cÖm‡ei Z…Zxq w`‡b hLb Lye †ekx cwigv‡
`ya Av‡m ZLb G mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| G‡Z ¯Í‡b Lye e¨_v nq, Ggb wK gv‡qi R¡iI Avm‡Z cv‡i| ¯Íb †`L‡Z jvj
I PKP‡K n‡q hvq| R‡b¥i ciciB wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya bv LvIqv‡j, Nb Nb ¯Íb Pzl‡Z bv w`‡j ev wkï †U‡b †L‡Z
bv cvi‡j, gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi ms¯’vcb mwVK bv n‡j G mgm¨v †ewk †`Lv †`q|
mgvavb: gv‡qi ¯Íb dz‡j k³ n‡q †M‡j wkï fv‡jvfv‡e ¯Íb ai‡Z cv‡i bv ev gy‡L wb‡Z cv‡i bv, d‡j wkï `ya
†L‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB Av‡M ey‡Ki `ya †ei K‡i ¯Íb big K‡i wkï‡K Pzl‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| ¯Í‡b hw` Lye †ewk e¨_v nq
Zvn‡j cÖwZevi `ya LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M Mig cvwb‡Z †gvUv Kvco ev †Zvqv‡j wfwR‡q ¯Í‡bi (Kv‡jv Ask ev` w`‡q)
Pvicv‡k †muK w`‡Z n‡e (Qwe 10)| †muK †`evi ci nvZ w`‡q †P‡c `ya †ei Ki‡Z n‡e hZ¶Y ch©šÍ ¯Íb wKQyUv
big bv nq| ¯Íb big n‡j gv Abvqv‡m wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡Z cvi‡eb, e¨_v jvM‡e bv| †ei Kiv `ya wkï‡K
LvIqv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb bvB, KviY G `y‡a wkïi †cU f‡i †M‡j ¯Í‡bi `ya †U‡b †L‡Z PvB‡e bv| `ya LvIqv‡bv †kl
n‡j ¯Í‡b Avevi VvÐv cvwbi †muK w`‡Z n‡e| VvÐv cvwbi †muK w`‡j `ªæZ `ya ˆZwi n‡q ¯Íb Avevi cwic~Y© n‡q hv‡e
bv| gv hLbB ¯Íb fvix Abyfe Ki‡eb ZLbB Mig cvwbi †muK w`‡q `ya †P‡c †ei K‡i †dj‡eb, GQvovI evi evi
wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡eb|
Qwe 10: ¯Íb †dvjv I Zvi mgvavb
¯Í‡b `ya Rgv n‡q
k³ n‡q †M‡j
ev”Pv `ya †L‡Z bv cvi‡j
†P‡c `ya †ei K‡i †djyb|
GK UzKiv Kvco Mig cvwb‡Z
wfwR‡q †P‡c ¯Í‡b †mK w`b|
ev”Pv‡K NbNb
k³ n‡q hvIqv
¯Í‡bi `ya
LvIqvb
37
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
3. ¯Í‡bi †euvUv †fZ‡i XyKv‡bv
gv‡q‡`i ¯Í‡bi †euvUv mvaviYZt †PvLv _v‡K hv‡Z wkï mn‡RB gy‡L
wb‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb gv‡qi ¯Í‡bi †euvUv mgvb A_ev wfZ‡ii
w`‡K XzKv‡bv _v‡K (Qwe 11)| GgZve¯’vq †ewki fvM †ÿ‡ÎB gv
wkï‡K wVKg‡Zv ya LvIqv‡Z cv‡ib bv, Z‡e GRb¨ cÖm‡ei Av‡M Ges
c‡i wKQz cÖ¯‘wZi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q|
mgvavb :
Mf©ve¯’v †_‡KB †Mvm‡ji mgq ¯Í‡bi †evuUv cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwZw`b GKevi K‡i †evuUv nvZ w`‡q †U‡b
IVv‡Z n‡e| GQvovI cÖm‡ei ciciB nvZ w`‡q †U‡b †evuUv IVv‡Z n‡e I wkï‡K gv‡qi ey‡Ki Kv‡jv Askmn Nb
Nb Pzl‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| wkï‡K hw` evi evi ¯Íb Pzl‡Z †`Iqv nq ev †Póv K‡i Z‡e 3/4 w`‡bi g‡a¨B †evuUv D‡V
Av‡m (Qwe 12)|
5. 1.7: chv©ß `ya cÖvwßi j¶Y
cÖwk¶Y †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• gv hv‡Z wkï‡K Kgc‡¶ `yB eQi ch©šÍ mdjfv‡e ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z cv‡ib †mB e¨vcv‡i mvnvh¨
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Kvh©µg 1: ch©vß `ya cÖvwßi j¶Y wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv
Kvh©µg 2: gv‡qi ey‡K ch©vß `ya ˆZwi bv nIqvi KviY wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv
Kvh©µg 3: gv‡qi `ya evov‡bvi Dcvq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv
mgq: 40 wgwbU
Kvh©µg 1: ch©vß `ya cÖvwßi j¶Y
wkï hw` ch©vß cwigv‡Y gv‡qi `ya cvq Zvn‡j wb‡gœv³ j¶Y¸†jv cÖKvk cvq:
1. w`‡b I iv‡Z 24 N›Uvq Kgc‡¶ 6 evi ev Zvi †ekx cÖmve K‡i (GwUB me‡P‡q wbf©i‡hvM¨ j¶Y)
Qwe 12: †euvUv nvZ w`‡q †U‡b IVv‡bv Ges wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bv
1. mgm¨v
¯Í‡bi †euvUv †fZ‡ii
w`‡K Xz‡K _vK‡j
Mf©ve¯’v †_‡K †Mvm‡ji mgq
†evUv nvZ w`‡q †U‡b IVvb|
wkï‡K NbNb `ya LvIqvb|
38
Qwe 11: ¯Í‡bi †euvUv wfZ‡ii w`‡K XzKv‡bv
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
2. cÖwZ gv‡m wkïi IRb e„w× cvq
3. `ya LvIqvi gv‡S wkï nvwmLywk _v‡K, kvšÍfv‡e Nygvq Ges cwiZ…ß _v‡K
4. w`‡b I iv‡Z 8 †_‡K 10 evi ey‡Ki `ya Lvq
Kvh©µg 2: gv‡qi ey‡K ch©vß `ya ˆZwi bv nIqvi KviY
hw` Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ j¶Y¸†jv wkïi g‡a¨ cÖKvk bv cvq Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e wkï ch©vß cwigv‡Y gv‡qi `ya cv‡”Q bv|
ch©vß cwigv‡Y `ya bv cvIqvi `ywU KviY _vK‡Z cv‡i; ÎæwUhy³ c×wZ‡Z wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bv, wkïi kvwiixK
mgm¨vi Rb¨ `ya †U‡b †L‡Z bv cviv Ges gv‡qi ey‡K ch©vß cwigv‡Y `ya ˆZwi bv nIqv| wkï hw` m¤ú~Y© my¯’ _v‡K
Ges mwVK c×wZ‡Z `ya LvIqv‡bv nq Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e gv‡qi ey‡K ch©vß cwigv‡Y `ya ˆZwi n‡”Q bv| wewfbœ
Kvi‡Y GUv n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb:
1. wkï‡K kvj`ya bv LvIqv‡bv ev †`ix‡Z LvIqv‡bv
2. ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq gv‡qi ev wkïi Ae¯’vb mwVK bv nIqv we‡kl K‡i ¯Í‡bi Kv‡jv Ask cy‡ivcywi
gy‡L bv †`Iqv
3. wkï‡K 6 gvm eq‡mi Av‡MB gv‡qi `ya Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Lvevi ev cvbxq †`Iqv, G‡Z K‡i wkï ey‡Ki `ya
Kg Lv‡e, d‡j gv‡qi ey‡K `ya Kg ˆZwi n‡e|
4. wkïi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ey‡Ki `ya bv LvIqv‡bv A_ev A‡bK¶Y ci ci ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bv
5. hZ¶Y wkï †L‡Z Pvq ZZ¶Y †L‡Z bv †`Iqv ev Aí mgq wb‡q LvIqv‡bv
6. iv‡Z †`ix K‡i `ya LvIqv‡bv
7. Kg©Rxwe gv‡q‡`i †¶‡Î A‡bK mgq weiwZ w`‡q (3 N›Uv ev Zvi †ekx) ey‡Ki `ya †P‡c †ei Kiv
Kvh©µg 3: gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya evov‡bvi Dcvq
wb‡gœ D‡jøwLZ c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i gv‡qi ey‡K `y‡ai Drcv`b evov‡bv hvq:
1. `ya LvIqv‡bvi mgq gv I wkïi mwVK Ae¯’vb I gv‡qi ey‡K wkïi mwVK ms¯’vcb wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| gv‡K
nv‡Z a‡i †`wL‡q w`‡Z n‡e Ges KvRwU mwVKfv‡e Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. 6 gvm eq‡mi g‡a¨ wkï hLbB `ya †L‡Z PvB‡e ZLbB †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| mgq wb‡q wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, wkï hZ †ewk `ya Lv‡e ZZ †ewk gv‡qi ey‡K `ya ˆZwi n‡e| G†ÿ‡Î cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨
m`m¨‡`i mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z n‡e| w`‡b I iv‡Z wkï‡K Kgc‡¶ 8-10 evi ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
3. GK ¯Íb †_‡K cwic~Y©fv‡e `ya LvIqv‡bvi ci Av‡iK ¯Í‡bi `ya LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e,
GKev‡i ïay GK ¯Í‡bi `yaB Lv‡e|
4. iv‡Zi †ejvq wkï‡K ev‡i ev‡i ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e, Zvn‡j c‡ii w`b cÖPzi `ya ˆZwi n‡e|
5. gv‡K cÖwZ‡ejvq Lvevi †ekx K‡i †L‡Z n‡e| w`‡b AšÍZt `yBevi cÖvYxR Avwgl (gvQ/gvsm/KwjRv/wWg) †L‡Z
n‡e, GQvov djI †L‡Z n‡e| w`‡b 8-10 Møvm cvwb †L‡Z n‡e| wekªvg wb‡Z n‡e|
6. gv‡qi wb‡Ri Dc‡i Av¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
5. 1.8: evowZ Lvevi wK Ges cvwievwiK evowZ Lvev‡ii ¸iæZ¡
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• evowZ Lvevi Kv‡K e‡j Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
• cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv I bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv wK Zv Rvb‡eb|
• †Kb GKwU wkï‡K 6 gvm eqm c~Y© nIqvi ci †_‡K cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e Zv ej‡Z
cvi‡eb|
39
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
†gvU mgq: 30 wgwbU
Kvh©µg 1: evowZ Lvevi wK Ges wkï‡K 6 gvm c~Y© nIqvi ci ev 7 gvm eqm †_‡K (181 w`b) gv‡qi
`y‡ai cvkvcvwk cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi MyiæZ¡ wb‡q A‡jvPbv|
Kvh©µg 2: cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
Kvh©µg 3: cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
Kvh©µg 1: evowZ Lvevi wK Ges wkï‡K 6 gvm c~Y© nIqvi ci ev 7 gvm eqm †_‡K (181 w`b) gv‡qi
`y‡ai cvkvcvwk cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi ¸iæZ¡¡
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb evowZ Lvevi ej‡Z Zviv wK †ev‡Sb| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i
gZvgZ †R‡b mnvqK AviI fv‡jvfv‡e evowZ Lvevi m¤^‡Ü ej‡eb|
• mnvqK c‡i cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi ¸iæZ¡ eywS‡q ej‡eb|
1. wkïi 6 gvm eqm c~Y© nevi ci gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk †h Lvevi LvIqv‡bv nq Zv‡KB evowZ Lvevi e‡j| wkïi
6 gvm eqm c~Y© n‡q hvevi ci †_‡K Zvi mwVKfv‡e †e‡o IVvi Rb¨ gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk evowZ Lvevi
†`Iqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, evowZ Lvev‡ii cvkvcvwk wkï‡K Aek¨B Kgc‡¶ 2 eQi eqm ch©šÍ
gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e|
2. Dc‡ii Qwe‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, 2 eQi eqm ch©šÍ wkïi cÖ‡qvRbxq cywói †ewkifvMB Av‡m ey‡Ki `ya †_‡K|
ZvB 2 eQi eqm ch©šÍ wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bv Pvwj‡q hvIqv DwPZ| 7-8 gvm eqm †_‡K gv‡qi `ya †_‡K
cvIqv kw³ QvovI w`‡b wkïi AviI 200 wK‡jvK¨vjwi, 9-11 gvm eq‡m 300 wK‡jvK¨vjwi, Ges 12-23 gvm
eq‡m 550 wK‡jvK¨vjwi, kw³i cÖ‡qvRb| G evowZ kw³ wkï 7 gvm eqm †_‡K ïiæ Kiv evowZ Lvevi †_‡K
†c‡q _v‡K|
3. cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨‡`i Rb¨ †h Lvevi ivbœv Kiv nq Zv‡K cvwievwiK Lvevi e‡j| G cvwievwiK Lvevi
fvjfv‡e PUwK‡q big, Nb I cywóKi K‡i wkï‡K †L‡Z †`Iqv n‡j Zv‡K cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi e‡j| A_©vr
gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcwk hLb wkïi evowZ Lvev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq ZLb Zv‡K cvwievwiK Lvev‡i Af¨¯Í Ki‡Z nq|
Qwe 13: eqm Abyhvqx evowZ Lvev‡ii Pvwn`v
cÖwZ
w`‡bi cÖ‡qvR
b (wK
‡jvK
¨vjwi)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0-2 gvm 3-6 gvm 7-8 gvm 9-11 gvm 12-23 gvm
evowZ Lvevi
ey‡Ki `ya
40
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
Zvi Rb¨ Avjv`vfv‡e †Kvb wKQz ivbœv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| G‡Z gv‡qi †hgb myweav nq †Zgwb wkï N‡i ˆZix
cywóKi Lvevi †L‡Z cv‡i| cvwievwiK Lvevi hv wkï †L‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jv n‡jv fvZ, kvK-mewR, gvQ, gvsm,
wWg, KwjRv, Wvj, BZ¨vw`|
4. 6 gvm eqm c~Y© n‡j wkï evowZ Lvevi mn‡R †L‡Z I wMj‡Z wk‡L, cvkvcvwk nRgI Ki‡Z cv‡i| G mgq
wkï‡K evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi Af¨vm bv Ki‡j cieZ©x‡Z †m Nb, k³ I wewfbœ ¯^v‡`i Lvevi †L‡Z wkL‡e bv
Ges wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvev‡ii Afv‡e Acywói wkKvi n‡e|
†bvU: g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, 6 gvm c~Y© nIqvi Av‡M wkï‡K evowZ Lvevi †`qv ïiæ Ki‡j wkï gv‡qi `ya LvIqv Kwg‡q
†`‡e, d‡j wkïi kix‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq cywói NvUwZ n‡e|
Kvh©µg 2: wkïi cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii DcKvwiZv
mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q wkï‡K cvwievwiK Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi DcKvwiZv wK Zv Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb Ges c‡i
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
wkïi cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii DcKvwiZv
1. wkïi eqm 6 gvm c~Y© nevi ci gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcwk wkï‡K N‡i ˆZix cywóKi Lvevi †`Iqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq,
G†Z wkïi kvwiixK e„w× I gvbwmK ev eyw×e„wËK weKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq evowZ kw³i Pvwn`v c~iY nq|
2. cvwievwiK Lvev‡i wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lv`¨ Dcv`vb _v‡K, Avi wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lv`¨ Dcv`vb †_‡K A‡bK †ewk cywó
cvIqv hvq| wkï kix‡i hZ †ewk cywó Dcv`vb cvq Zvi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv ZZ ev‡o, A_©vr AmyL-wemyL Kg
nq|
Kvh©µg 3: wkï‡K cvwievwiK Lvevi bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv
mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb mwVK mg‡q evowZ Lvevi ïiæ bv Ki‡j wkïi wK wK ¶wZ n‡Z
cv‡i| mevi gZvgZ †R‡b wZwb mwVK Z_¨ Rvbv‡eb|
wkï‡K cvwievwiK Lvevi bv LvIqv‡bvi AcKvwiZv
1. wkï‡K hw` eqm Abyhvqx h‡_ó cwigv‡Y cywóKi Lvevi †`Iqv bv nq Z‡e wkïi kvixwiK e„w× I gvbwmK ev
eyw×e„wËK weKvk wVKg‡Zv nq bv| kvixwiKfv‡e m¶g bv n‡j ev eyw×e„wË ¯^vfvweK bv n‡j fwel¨‡Z †m Kg©¶g
n‡Z cvi‡e bv| d‡j †m cwiev‡ii †Kvb DcKvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, D‡ëv cwiev‡ii †evSv n‡q hv‡e|
2. wkïi cÖ‡qvRbxq cywói Pvwn`v hw` c~iY bv nq Z‡e Zvi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv K‡g hv‡e Ges wewfbœ AmyL-
wemy‡L AvµvšÍ n‡e| G†Z K‡i cwiev‡i wPwKrmv I Jl‡ai LiP †e‡o hvq|
3. cÖ‡qvRbxq Avqib ev †jŠ‡ni NvUwZi Rb¨ wkïi i³¯^íZv n‡Z cv‡i| i³¯^íZv n‡j wkïi Lvev‡ii cÖwZ iæwP
P‡j hvq, d‡j wkï `ye©j n‡q c‡o I AviI Acywó‡Z AvµvšÍ nq| G cÖ‡qvRbxq Avqib wkï †c‡q _v‡K gv‡qi
`ya I cvwievwiK evowZ Lvevi †_‡K|
4. wkïKv‡j Acywó‡Z AvµvšÍ n‡j mvivRxebB Gi cÖfve †_‡K hvq| †g‡q wkï n‡j cieZx©‡Z †m hLb gv n‡e
ZLb Zvi g„Zz¨ SzuwK †e‡o hvq, cvkvcvwk †m Acyó wkïiI Rb¥ †`q|
5. 1.9: wkïi cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii 7wU g~j ˆewkó¨
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• wkïi cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii mvZwU (7wU) g~j ˆewkó¨ fv‡jvfv‡e Rvb‡eb I ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
41
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
42
†gvU mgqt 1 N›Uv
wkïi cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii 7wU g~j ˆewkó¨:
1. Lvev‡ii cwigvY
2. evi/w`‡b KZevi
3. Lvev‡ii NbZ¡
4. Lv‡`¨i Dcv`vb
5. Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv
6. mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv
7. Amy¯’ wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv
Kvh©µg 1: 7 gvm eqm †_‡K 24 gvm eqmx wkï‡`i †Kvb eq‡m wK cwigvY I KZevi evowZ Lvevi †L‡Z
w`‡Z n‡e Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
Kvh©µg 2: Lvev‡ii NbZ¡ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
Kvh©µg 3: wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lv`¨ wbe©vPb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
Kvh©µg 4: wkïi Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
Kvh©µg 5: Lvevi ˆZixi Av‡M Ges wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
Kvh©µg 6: Amy¯’ wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
Kvh©µg 1: c~Y© 6 gvm ev 7 gvm eqm †_‡K 24 gvm eqmx wkï‡`i eqm Abyhvqx cÖwZw`b wK cwigvY Lvevi
KZevi †L‡Z †`Iqv DwPZ
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• wkïi eqm 6 gvm c~Y© nevi ci A_©vr 7 gvm †_‡K 24 gvm eqm wewfbœ mg‡q wkï‡K cÖwZw`b wK
cwigvb Lvevi KZevi LvIqv‡Z n‡e Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
• AskMÖnYKvixMY wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Lvevi wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• evwU‡Z †g‡c wkïi Rb¨ Lvevi ˆZix Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges gv‡K †kLv‡Z cvi‡eb|
wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii cwigvb I evi
• mnvqK 250 wg:wj: gv‡ci 1wU evwU w`‡q Lvevi gvcv †kLv‡eb|
• wg:wj: gv‡ci evwU w`‡q wewfbœ gv‡ci evwU‡Z `vM †`Iqv wkwL‡q †`‡eb|
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
43
wb‡gœi QK I Qwei gva¨‡g wkïi eqm Abyhvqx Lvev‡ii cwigvY I evi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
* wkïi 23 gvm eqm ch©šÍ Gfv‡eB Lvev‡ii cwigvY I evi AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e
eqm cwigvY evi w`‡bi †gvU Lvevi
6-8 gvm
eqm (c~Y©)
250 wg: wj: (1 †cvqv)
evwUi Avav (1/2) evwU
2 evi + 1-2 evi N‡i
ˆZwi cywóKi bv¯Ív
9-11 gvm
eqm (c~Y©)
250 wg: wj: (1 †cvqv)
evwUi Avav (1/2) evwU
3 evi + 1-2 evi N‡i
ˆZwi cywóKi bv¯Ív
12-23 gvm
eqm (c~Y©)
250 wg: wj: (1 †cvqv)
evwUi GK (1) evwU
3 evi + 1-2 evi N‡i
ˆZwi cywóKi bv¯Ív
gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya (wkï hZevi PvB‡e)
+ cvwievwiK Lvevi (cÖvYxR Lvevi †hgb: wWg, gyiwM,
gvsm, KwjRv, gvQ)
+ kK©iv RvZxq Lv`¨ †hgb: Pvj, Mg, Avjy BZ¨vw`
+ wewfbœ ai‡Yi Wvj RvZxq Lvevi I ev`vg †hgb:
gmy‡ii Wvj, gy‡Mi Wvj, wm‡gi wewP, ev`vg BZ¨vw`
+ iwOb kvK-mewR I dj
+ Ab¨vb¨ kvKme&wR I dj
cvwievwiK Lvevi (cÖvYxR Lvevi †hgb: wWg, gyiwM,
gvsm, KwjRv, gvQ)
+ kK©iv RvZxq Lv`¨ †hgb: Pvj, Mg, Avjy BZ¨vw`
+ wewfbœ ai‡Yi Wvj RvZxq Lvevi I ev`vg †hgb:
gmy‡ii Wvj, gy‡Mi Wvj, wm‡gi wewP, ev`vg BZ¨vw`
+ iwOb kvK-mewR I dj
+ Ab¨vb¨ kvKme&wR I dj Ges 1-2 evi cywóKi bv¯Ív
cvwievwiK Lvevi (cÖvYxR Lvevi †hgb: wWg, gyiwM, gvsm,
KwjRv, gvQ, kK©iv RvZxq Lv`¨ †hgb: Pvj, Mg, Avjy
BZ¨vw`)
+ wewfbœ ai‡Yi Wvj RvZxq Lvevi I ev`vg †hgb:
gmy‡ii Wvj, gy‡Mi Wvj, wm‡gi wewP, ev`vg BZ¨vw`
+ iwOb kvK-me&wR I dj
+ Ab¨vb¨ kvKme&wR I dj) Ges 1-2 evi cywóKi bv¯Ív
e
v
o
w
Z
L
v
e
v
‡
i
i
c
v
k
v
c
v
w
k
g
v
‡
q
i
e
y‡
K
i
`
ya
w
`
‡
Z
n
‡
e
Qwe 14: wkïi evowZ Lvev‡ii cwigvb
6 gvm c~Y© - 8 gvm c~Y© wkïi Lvevi
250 wg.wj. evwUi 1/2 evwU w`‡b 2 evi
9 - 11 gvm c~Y©
wkïi Lvevi
250 wg.wj. evwUi
1/2 evwU w`‡b
3 evi mv‡_ cywóKi
bv¯Ív 2 evi
12 - 24 gvm c~Y©
wkïi Lvevi
250 wg.wj. evwUi
1 evwU w`‡b
3 evi + mv‡_
cywóKi bv¯Ív 2 evi
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
44
wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i wKQz Kzms¯‹vi/fzj aviYv:
• wkïi AmyL n‡j Zvi LvIqv eÜ K‡i †`qv
• wkïi Wvqwiqv n‡j gv‡qi `ya Lv‡”Q Ggb wkïi gv kvK-me&wR LvIqv eÜ K‡i †`qv
• Wvqwiqv n‡j ¯^vfvweK Lvevi †L‡Z bv †`qv
• `vgx Lvev‡i cywó †ekx
• 6 gv‡mi Av‡M wkï‡K evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bv fvj
• evowZ Lvev‡i wkïi Wvqwiqv/cvZjv cvqLvbv nq
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• wewfbœ eq‡m wkïi evowZ Lvev‡ii NbZ¡ †Kgb n‡e Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
• Lvev‡ii NbZ¡ wKfv‡e wVK ivL‡Z n‡e Zv wkL‡eb Ges gv‡K †kLv‡Z cvi‡eb|
Kvh©µg 2: cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii NbZ¡
1. Lvev‡ii NbZ¡ wVK n‡j wkïi LveviwU cywóKi n‡e| wkï
Lvevi wMj‡Z, wPev‡Z I wewfbœ Lvev‡ii ¯^v` eyS‡Z wkL‡e|
2. wkïi Lvevi †hb †ekx Zij ev cvZjv bv nq| Lvevi hZ †ekx
Zij ev cvZjv n‡e, Lvev‡ii cywógvb ZZ K‡g hv‡e| g‡b
ivL‡Z n‡e, wkïi †cU Lye †QvU, ZvB cvZjv Lvevi w`‡j
Aí‡ZB Zvi †cU f‡i hv‡e Ges Kg cwigv‡Y Lvevi †L‡Z
cvi‡e (Qwe 14)|
3. wkïi Lvevi ˆZwi Kivi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e fv‡Zi cwigvY †hb Kg nq, Zv bv n‡j ïay fv‡Z wkïi
†cU f‡i hv‡e, wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi †L‡Z cvi‡e bv|
4. wkï‡K Nb Wvj w`‡Z n‡e| Wv‡ji Dc‡ii cvwb †`Iqv hv‡e bv, GgbwK ZiKvwii †SvjI bv, G‡Z Lvevi
cvZjv n‡q cywógvY K‡g hv‡e|
5. w`‡b GKevi n‡jI gvQ A_ev gvsm A_ev gyiwMi KwjRv A_ev wWg A_©vr †h‡Kvb GK ai‡Yi cÖvYxR
Avwgl fv‡Zi mv‡_ w`‡Z n‡e|
6. gvLv‡bv LveviwU Ggb n‡e †hb Zv PvgP/nvZ w`‡q Zzj‡j mn‡R c‡o bv hvq (Qwe 15)|
7. wkïiv 8-9 gvm eqm †_‡K wb‡R wb‡R nvZ w`‡q a‡i Lvevi gy‡L w`‡Z cv‡i, GB Kvi‡Y GB eq‡m bv¯Ív
wnmv‡e †QvU †QvU UzKiv Lvevi, †hgb wgwó Kzgov fvwR/Kjv fvwR/gyiwMi KwjRv/wWg (wkï †hfv‡e †L‡Z
cQ›` K‡i), GQvovI †h‡Kvb †gŠmygx d‡ji †QvU †QvU UzKiv, †hgb cvKv Avg, †cu‡c, †cqviv, KvuVvj,
BZ¨vw` w`‡j †m wb‡R wb‡R nvZ w`‡q Zz‡j †L‡Z cvi‡e|
÷gvK/†cU
Qwe 15: Lvev‡ii NbZ¡
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
Qwe 16: wbe©vwPZ Lvevi
45
Kvh©µg 3: wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lv`¨ wbe©vPb
†mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• 7-24 gvm eqmx wkï‡`i wK wK ai‡Yi cywóKi Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e Zv Rvb‡Z I ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
• †Kb Gme Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb|
wkïi Lvevi ˆZwii †¶‡Î cwiev‡ii Rb¨ ivbœv Kiv Lvevi †_‡K cywóKi Lvevi wbe©vPb Kiv LyeB ïiæZ¡¡¡c~Y©| j¶¨
ivL‡Z n‡e, w`‡b Kgc‡¶ GKevi n‡jI †hb cÖvYxR Lvevi, †hgb gvQ A_ev gvsm A_ev gyiwMi KwjRv A_ev wWg
_v‡K| evKx mgq cÖvYxR Avwgl bv _vK‡j Wvj ev Wvj RvZxq (Dw™¢R Avwgl) Lvevi _vKv DwPZ| †QvU gvQ ev
gvsm cvUvq wc‡k fv‡Zi mv‡_ †g‡L LvIqv‡bv hvq| `B, `y‡ai ˆZix cv‡qm bv¯Ív wnmv‡e _vKv DwPZ| GQvov wgwó
Kzgov fvwR, Kjv fvwR, cvKv Avg, cvKv †c‡c, KuvVvj, UK RvZxq dj BZ¨vw` LveviI wkï‡K w`‡Z n‡e| wkï‡K
LvIqv‡bvi mgq Avjv`vfv‡e cvwb LvIqv‡bvi `iKvi †bB G†Z Zvi †QvU †cU f‡i hv‡e Ges Zvi Rb¨ ˆZwi Kiv
cy‡ivUv Lvevi †L‡Z cvi‡e bv| wkï‡K cvwbi cwie‡Z© ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e, G†Z wkï AviI †ekx cywó cv‡e|
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, wkïi gy‡LI ¯^v` Av‡Q, wkïiv wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi †L‡Z fv‡jvev‡m, ZvB Zvi Lvev‡i bZzb bZzb
DcKiY †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
Lvevi ˆZwii c×wZ
cÖ_‡g 250 wg:wj: gv‡ci GKwU evwU wb‡Z n‡e| evwU‡Z avivevwnKfv‡e cÖvYxR Avwgl, Nb Wvj Ges mewR wb‡q
evwKUzKz fvZ w`‡q c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e| Av‡MB fvZ †bqv hv‡e bv, Zvn‡j fv‡Zi cwigvY †ewk n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
mewKQz †bIqvi ci GKmv‡_ gvL‡Z n‡e| †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e, †gvU ˆZwi Kiv Lvev‡ii cwigvb hv‡Z eqm Abyhvqx
1/2 evwU ev 1 evwU nq (Qwe 16)|
Kvh©µg 4: wkïi Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wRÁvmv Ki‡eb wkïi Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv ej‡Z Zviv wK †ev‡Sb| mevi
gZvgZ wb‡q mnvqK D`vniY mnKv‡i Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv m¤^‡Ü we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
46
1. wkï‡K Drmvn w`‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e| G†Z wkïi
LvIqvi cÖwZ AvMÖn Rb¥v‡e Ges †m †L‡Z wkL‡e|
2. wkï‡K h‡_ó mgq I ˆah©¨ wb‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
KLbB †Rvi K‡i LvIqv‡bv hv‡e bv|
3. wkï‡K Zvi cQ‡›`i cywóKi Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e|
4. Mí e‡j, wkïi †Pv‡L †PvL †i‡L LvIqv‡Z n‡e
Ges wkïi mvgbv mvgwb e‡m gv wkï‡K
LvIqv‡eb| LvIqvi mgq gv I wkïi g‡a¨ †h
†hvMv‡hvM nq Zv wkïi eyw× I gvbwmK weKv‡ki
Rb¨ LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| GB †hvMv‡hv‡Mi ga¨ w`‡q
wkï A‡bK wKQz †k‡L, †m wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lvevi wPb‡Z wk‡L, Lvev‡ii ¯^v‡`i mv‡_ cwiwPZ nq|
5. wkï‡K cÖwZw`b wbw`©ó mgq LvIqv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e wkï hw` K¬všÍ _v‡K ev Zvi hw` Nyg cvq
Zvn‡j Zv‡K LvIqv‡bvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ bv (Qwe 17)|
Kvh©µg 5: Lvevi ˆZixi Av‡M Ges LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡eb, †Kb Lvevi ˆZixi Av‡M gv A_ev Ab¨ cwiPh©vKvixi nvZ
fv‡jvfv‡e mvevb w`‡q nvZ ay‡Z n‡e|
• mnvqK AviI wRÁvmv Ki‡eb, †Kb wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M gv I wkïi nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e mvevb w`‡q
ay‡Z n‡e|
• mevi gZvgZ †R‡b mnvqK cÖK…Z KviY mg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|
wkïi Lvevi ˆZwi Kivi Av‡M Aek¨B gv/cwiPh©vKvix‡K mvevb w`‡q
fvjfv‡e nvZ ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e| wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M Avi GKevi wb‡Ri
nvZ Ges mv‡_ wkïi nvZ mvevb w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e| me
gvby‡li nv‡ZB gqjv I wewfbœ ai‡Yi †ivMRxevYy _v‡K| gv‡qi I wkïi
nv‡Zi †ivMRxevYy wkïi Lvev‡i †M‡j Ges †mLvb †_‡K †c‡U †M‡j
Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq, K…wg, UvBd‡qW, RwÛm, BZ¨vw` wewfbœ †ivM nq| Lvevi
ˆZwii Av‡M Ges LvIqvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q nvZ ay‡j nv‡Z †j‡M _vKv
gqjv I †ivMRxevYy aŸsm n‡q hv‡e| nvZ †avqvi Rb¨ Ggb RvqMvq mvevb
ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z cÖwZevi wkïi Lvevi ˆZix I LvIqvevi mgq mvevb w`‡q
nvZ †avqvi K_v gv‡qi g‡b _v‡K|
Kvh©µg 6: Amy¯’ wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv
GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• wkï Amy¯’ _vK‡j Zv‡K wKfv‡e LvIqv‡Z nq Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
• wkïi Bkviv ey‡S, Drmvn w`‡q LvIqv‡bv wK Ges wKfv‡e gv‡K Zv †kLv‡bv hvq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
wkï Amy¯’ n‡j Zv‡K †ekx K‡i gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡Z n‡e| Amy¯’ wkïi Rb¨ me‡P‡q wbivc` Lvevi n‡”Q gv‡qi
`ya| gv‡qi `ya †L‡j wkï mn‡R `ye©j n‡q co‡e bv Ges ZvovZvwo my¯’ n‡q DV‡e| R¡‡ii Kvi‡Y ev Wvqwiqvi
Kvi‡Y wkïi wccvmv †ekx nq| Nb Nb gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡j Zvi wccvmv wg‡U hv‡e| gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk Amy¯’
wkï‡K Zvi cQ‡›`i cywóKi big Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y wkï GKmv‡_ †ekx cwigv‡Y bv †L‡Z cv‡i,
†m‡¶‡Î evi evi Aí Aí K‡i LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
Qwe 17: wkïi Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv
Qwe 18: mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
wkïi AmyL fv‡jv n‡q †M‡j Zvi ÿzav evo‡e Ges gy‡Li iæwP Avevi ¯^vfvweK n‡q Avm‡e, d‡j Gmgq Zvi
Lvev‡ii cwigvYI evov‡Z n‡e Ges bvbv ai‡Yi cywóKi Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, Amy‡Li Kvi‡Y Zvi
†h IRb K‡g wM‡qwQj Zv †hb Avevi wd‡i Av‡m| Amy‡Li mg‡qi NvUwZ c~iY bv n‡j wkï Avevi Amy¯’ n‡q
co‡Z cv‡i|
†bvU: 7-11 gv‡mi g‡a¨ wkï‡K bxj i‡Oi 1Uv wfUvwgb G K¨vcmyj (100,000 AvBBD) LvIqv‡Z n‡e| 1-2 ermi
eq‡mi wkï†`i eQ‡i 2 evi jvj i‡Oi wfUvwgb G K¨vcmyj 1wU K‡i (200,000 AvBBD) LvIqv‡Z n‡e| G†Z
K‡i wkï AÜZ¡, Wvqwiqv, wbD‡gvwbqv I gvivZ¥K Acywó †_‡K i¶v cv‡e Ges wkï g„Zy¨ K‡g hv‡e|
6 gv‡mi ci †_‡K wkï‡K cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii mv‡_ wbqwgZ cywóKYv LvIqv‡Z n‡e| G‡Z K‡i wkï i³¯^íZvq
fyM‡e bv|
wb‡gœœ Q‡Ki gva¨‡g wkïi eqm Abyhvqx evowZ Lvev‡ii ˆewk‡ó¨i 4wU Ask †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q:
5. 1.10: eqm Abyhvqx wkïi Lvevi wbe©vPb I Lvev‡ii NbZ¡
GB cÖwk¶Y †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• cvwievwiK Lvevi wkïi Rb¨ †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zv Rvb‡eb|
• 7 (181 w`b) †_‡K 24 gvm eq‡mi wkï‡`i Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb Lvevi me‡P‡q fv‡jv Zv eyS‡Z I
ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
• wkïi Lvev‡ii NbZ¡ †Kgb nIqv DwPZ Zv eyS‡Z I ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
• wkïi Rb¨ eqm Abyhvqx Lvev‡ii aiY, cwigvY I NbZ¡ we‡ePbv K‡i 1 †ejvi Lvevi ˆZix Kiv
nv‡Z Kj‡g wkL‡eb Ges c‡i Zv gv‡q‡`i‡KI †kLv‡Z cvi‡eb|
• LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M gv‡qi Ges wkïi mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqvi ¸iæZ¡ m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡eb|
eqm
• 7-8
gvm
• 9-11
gvm
• 12-24
gvm
1. cÖvYxR Avwgl
2. Dw™¢R Avwgl
3. kvK-mewR
4. fvZ
5. †Zj
*bZzb bZzb Lvevi
†hvM Ki‡Z n‡e
*cvkvcvwk gv‡qi
ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z
n‡e
1. wkï‡K Drmvn w`‡Z n‡e
2. mgq I ˆah©¨ wb‡q
LvIqv‡Z n‡e
3. wkïi cQ‡›`i cywóKi
Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e
4. wkïi †Pv‡L †PvL †i‡L,
Mí e‡j I mvgbv mvgwb
e‡m LvIqv‡Z n‡e
5. wbw`©ó mgq I wbw`©ó
RvqMvq LvIqv‡Z n‡e
6. wkïi ¶zav bv _vK‡j ev
†L‡Z bv PvB‡j †Rvi
Kiv hv‡e bv
7. wkï K¬všÍ ev NygNyg
_vK‡j LvIqv‡bv
hv‡e bv
1. Lvevi ˆZixi Av‡M
gv/cwiPh©vKvixi
nvZ mvevb w`‡q
ay‡Z n‡e
2. wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi
Av‡M gv/cwiPh©v
Kvix Ges wkï
Df‡qi nvZ mvevb
w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e
ay‡Z n‡e
1. ey‡Ki `y‡ai Dc‡i
†Rvi w`‡Z n‡e
2. cQ‡›`i cywóKi Ges
big Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e
3. ev‡i ev‡i Aí Aí
K‡i LvIqv‡Z n‡e
4. AmyL fv‡jv n‡q
†M‡j ¯^vfvweK
Lvevi †_‡K GKUz
†ekx Lvevi LvIqv‡Z
n‡e
Lv`¨ wbe©vPb wkïi Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv nvZ †avqv Amy¯’ wkï‡K LvIqv‡bv
47
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
Kvh©µg 1: 7 (181 w`b) †_‡K 24 gvm eqmx wkï†`i Rb¨ cvwievwiK cywóKi Lvevi wbe©vPb I Lvev‡ii NbZ¡
wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
Kvh©µg 2: mwVKfv‡e Lv`¨ wbe©vPb bv Ki‡j wkïi wK wK mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i Zv Rvbv‡bv|
Kvh©µg 3: wkïi Lvevi ˆZwi Kivi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e nvZ I evwU ay‡q †bIqvi ¸iæZ¡ wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
Kvh©µg 4: 7 (181 w`b) †_‡K 24 gvm eq‡mi wkïi Rb¨ cywóKi Lvevi †e‡Q †bqv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
†gvU mgqt 1 NÈv
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY:
1. 250 wg:wj: gv‡ci 3wU evwU
2. wewfbœ mvB‡Ri †QvU, eo evwU Ges PvgP
3. †Z‡ji †evZj I mvevb
4. KvW© I gvK©vi
5. ivbœv Kiv me&wR, †hgb eiewU, wgwó Kzgov, kvK, wWg, gvQ, gvsm, Wvj, fvZ Ges †gŠmygx dj
†hgb cvKv †cu‡c, Kjv, Avg, BZ¨vw`|
Kvh©µg 1: 7 (181 w`b) †_‡K 24 gvm eqmx wkï‡`i Rb¨ cvwievwiK cywóKi Lvevi wbe©vPb I Lvev‡ii
NbZ¡ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv I nv‡Z Kj‡g †kLv‡bv
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mv‡_ cywóKi Lvev‡ii Dcv`vb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| Gici Gme Lv`¨
Dcv`v‡bi ga¨ †_‡K wewfbœ Lvev‡ii mgš^‡q wKfv‡e wkïi GKwU cywóKi Lvevi ˆZix Kiv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v
Ki‡eb| G‡¶‡Î mnvqK K¬vk iæ‡g wewfbœ Lvevi G‡b ev Qwe †`wL‡q nv‡Z Kj‡g welqwU †kLv‡Z
cvi‡eb|
• Lvevi KZUv Nb n‡e Zv D`vniY w`‡q eywS‡q ej‡eb|
• Lvevi wKfv‡e PUKv‡Z n‡e Ges KZUzKz PUKv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i wkky LveviwU wMj‡Z cv‡i †m e¨vcv‡iI
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
• mwVKfv‡e Lv`¨ wbe©vPb bv Ki‡j wK wK mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q Zv Rvb‡Z
PvB‡eb Ges wkïi Rb¨ cÖvYxR Lvev‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eywS‡q ej‡eb|
Kvh©µg 2: mwVKfv‡e Lv`¨ wbe©vPb bv Ki‡j wkïi wK wK mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i
1. wkïi ˆ`wnK e„w× I eyw×i weKv‡ki Rb¨ †h cywó `iKvi Zv †m cv‡e bv|
2. Lvevi k³ _vK‡j wkïi wPev‡Z ev wMj‡Z Amyweav n‡e I nR‡g Amyweav n‡e|
3. wkïi Lvevi †ekx Zij _vK‡j Aí‡ZB †cU f‡i hv‡e Ges mwVK cywó cv‡e bv, GQvovI wb‡R Lvevi a‡i
ev DwV‡q †L‡Z wkL‡e bv|
Kvh©µg 3: wkïi Lvevi ˆZwi Kivi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e nvZ I evwU ay‡q †bIqvi ¸iæZ¡
gv‡qi nvZ †avqvi mgq Ges ¸iæZ¡:
gv cÖwZevi Lvevi ˆZixi Av‡M Ges wkï‡K LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M mvevb w`‡q nvZ †av‡eb| ˆ`bw›`b KvR Kivi d‡j
nv‡Z †hme gqjv I Rxevby †j‡M _v‡K Zv `~i n‡q hv‡e| nvZ bv ay‡j Lvev‡i Ges wkïi †`‡n H Rxevby Xz‡K
msµgb NUv‡e, †hgb-Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq, BZ¨vw`|
48
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
49
wkïi nvZ †avqvi mgq Ges ¸iæZ¡:
wkï‡K nvZ w`‡q a‡i Lvevi †L‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| cÖwZevi LvIqv‡bvi Av‡M gv wkïi nvZ mvevb w`‡q ay‡q
†`‡eb| wkï wewfbœ wRwbm ¯úk© K‡i, d‡j nv‡Z gqjv I Rxevby †j‡M _v‡K| nvZ bv ay‡q Lvevi ai‡j wkïi †`‡n
H Rxevby Xz‡K msµgb NUv‡e, †hgb-Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq, BZ¨vw`|
Kvh©µg 4: 7 (181 w`b) †_‡K 24 gvm eq‡mi wkï†`i Rb¨ cywóKi Lvev‡ii mgš^‡q GK‡ejvi Lvevi I
bv¯Ív ˆZix
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 3wU ‡j fvM Ki‡eb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K j‡K GKwU †Uwe‡ji mvg‡b †h‡Z ej‡eb|
†Uwe‡ji Dci wewfbœ ai‡Yi mewR, wewfbœ mvB‡Ri evwU, ÒnvZ †avqvÓ †jLv KvW© _vK‡e|
• mnvqK cÖwZwU `j‡K †Uwe‡j ivLv Lvevi †_‡K 7-24 gvm eq‡mi wkïi GK‡ejvi Lvevi I bv¯Ív ˆZixi
cwiKíbv Ki‡Z ej‡eb|
• 20 wgwbU ci mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Zv‡`i ˆZix Lvev‡ii cwiKíbv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ej‡eb|
• mnvqK cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Kv‡Ri Dc‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gZvgZ Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb|
• cÖwZwU `‡ji Kv‡Q Lvev‡ii cwigvY, Lvev‡ii NbZ¡, KZ‡ejv Lv‡e Ges eqm Abyhvqx Lvevi †Kgb n‡e
Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
• wkï‡K ch©vß cwigv‡Y LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ gv‡qiv wK wK Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zv Avevi Av‡jvPbv K‡i
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Zv g‡b Kwi‡q †`‡eb|
5. 1.11: wkï‡K cvwievwiK Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi wfwWI †`Lv‡bv Ges wfwWI wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
Kvh©µg 1: wfwWIi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv I wfwWI cÖ`k©b
Kvh©µg 2: wfwWI welqK Av‡jvPbv
†gvU mgq: 30 wgwbU (cÖ‡qvR‡b 2 evi wfwWIwU †`Lv‡eb)
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY: wUwf, wfwWI †cøqvi I wfwWI K¨v‡mU|
Kvh©µg 1: wfwWIi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv I wfwWI cÖ`k©b
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ej‡eb, cÖwk¶‡Y †hme welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q Zv GLb wfwWI†Z †`Lv‡bv
n‡e, †Pv‡L †`L‡j welq¸‡jv g‡b ivL‡Z myweav n‡e| Kv‡b †kvbv, †Pv‡L †`Lv Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g Kiv,
GB wZbwU c×wZ wgwj‡q GB cÖwk¶‡Yi welq¸‡jv cieZx©‡Z Zv‡`i Kv‡R A‡bK mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cvwievwiK Lvev‡ii cwigvY, Lvev‡ii NbZ¡, Lv`¨ wbe©vPb, wkïi Bkviv ey‡S Drmvn
w`‡q LvIqv‡bv, gv‡qi I wkïi mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv Ges 2 eQi ch©šÍ gv‡qi `ya LvIqv‡bv Pvwj‡q
hvIqv, BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †`L‡Z ej‡eb|
• wkï hw` †L‡Z bv Pvq Zvn‡j gv wKfv‡e Zvi wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z cvi‡eb Zvi †KŠkj¸‡jv j¶¨ Ki‡Z
ej‡eb|
• GKRb ^v¯’¨Kgx© wKfv‡e gv‡qi y‡ai cvkvcvwk wkï‡K evowZ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi wel‡q gv‡K civgk© †`b
Zv fv‡jvfv‡e †Lqvj Ki‡Z ej‡eb|
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
50
Kvh©µg 2: wfwWI welqK Av‡jvPbv
• mnvqK wfwWI wb‡q mK‡ji mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk
Ab¨vb¨ Lvev‡ii cwigvY, Lvev‡ii NbZ¡, Lv`¨ wbe©vPb, nvZ †avqv, Bkviv ey‡S LvIqv‡bv, Gme wel‡q
Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb|
• Lvbv cwi`k©‡bi mgq wkïi cywói e¨vcv‡i gv‡q‡`i I cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨‡`i KvD‡Ýwjs Kiv ¯^v¯’¨Kgx©i
GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡|
• me †k‡l mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q GB †mkb m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ Rvbv‡Z ej‡eb| mevB‡K ab¨ev`
w`‡q †mkb †kl Ki‡eb|
• hw` cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡ib Z‡e wfwWIi wewfbœ Ask Avevi †`Lv‡eb|
5.2 wK‡kvixi cywó
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY
• ˆK‡kviKv‡j cywói ¸iæZ¡ I Acywó cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges ev¯ÍeRxe‡b e¨envi
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i cÖwZw`‡bi Lv`¨ ZvwjKv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
5.2. 1 ˆK‡kv‡i cywó
mnvqK mevB‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡eb Ges møvBW †_‡K ˆK‡kviKvj, ˆK‡kviKv‡j cywói cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges
ˆK‡kviKvjxb Acywói KviY m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
Kvh©µg 1:
ˆK‡kviKvj
ˆkkeKvj †_‡K †hŠe‡b c`vc©‡Yi ga¨eZ©x mgq (10-19 eQi)-†K ˆK‡kviKvj ejv nq Ges GB eq‡mi
†Q‡j-†g‡q‡`i‡K wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix ejv nq| ˆK‡kviKvj Rxe‡bi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ce©| G mgq Zv‡`i wewfbœ
ai‡Yi kvixwiK I gvbwmK cwieZ©b N‡U, ZvB G mgq Zv‡`i cywó Pvwn`vI e„w× cvq|
ˆK‡kviKvj: D”PZv, IRb I ˆ`wnK MV‡bi cwieZ©b
D”PZvi †¶‡Î cwieZ©b
- †gvU D”PZvi 15-20% GB mg‡q nq
- †g‡q‡`i PvB‡Z †Q‡j‡`i ˆ`wnK e„w× †`ix‡Z ïiæ nq
IR‡bi †¶‡Î cwieZ©b
- †gvU IR‡bi 25-50% GB mg‡q nq
- ˆ`wnK MVb I KvVv‡gvi †¶‡Î cwieZ©b
- cÖvq 45% kix‡ii KvVv‡gvi (gvsk‡ckx) Ask we‡kl GB mg‡q †hvM nq
- Rb¥ †_‡K ˆK‡kviKv‡ji g‡a¨, kix‡ii nv‡oi MV‡bi 90 fvM m¤úbœ nq
- †g‡q‡`i Zzjbvq †Q‡jiv GB mgq Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ekx gvsk †ckx jvf K‡i
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
51
ˆK‡kviKv‡j cywói ¸iæZ¡
• ˆK‡kviKv‡j †`‡ni e„w× `ªæZ nq| G mg‡q †gvU D”PZvi 20% Ges †gvU IR‡bi 50% IRb e„w× nq|
GRb¨ GB mg‡q cywói cÖ‡qvRbxqZvI †e‡o hvq| GB e„w×mva‡bi mv‡_ gvbweK‡eva, Av‡eMvbyf‚wZ I
ni‡gvbRwbZ cwieZ©bI RwoZ| †g‡q‡`i `ªæZ kvwiixK e„w× mvab nq 10-13 eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨|
†Q‡j‡`i †¶‡Î AviI 2 eQi c‡i Zv nq A_©vr 12-15 eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨| K‡kviKv‡ji GB e„w× mvabB
cieZx©Kv‡ji g~j AvKvi wba©viY K‡i| cÖvß eq¯‹‡`i AvKvi AvK…wZ cÖK…Zc‡¶ ˆ`wnK cwigvc‡KB
cÖwZdwjZ K‡i, hv Zvi Kvh©¶gZv, wbivcËv, mšÍvb Rš§`v‡b mnRmva¨Zv‡K wba©viY K‡i| GQvovI
gv‡qi cÖmeRwbZ SzuwKi cwigvY Kgv‡bv I Kg IR‡bi wkïi Rš§`vb Kgv‡bvi †¶‡ÎI gwnjv‡`i AvKvi
GKwU eo f‚wgKv iv‡L|
• ˆK‡kv‡i gvby‡li RxebhvÎv I Lvev‡ii iæwPi cwieZ©b nq| Ach©vß cywói Kvi‡Y ˆK‡kviKvjxb ¯^v‡¯’¨i
Dci †bwZevPK cÖfve c‡o Ges Zv `xN©¯’vqx †iv‡Mi SzuwK e„w× K‡i|
• Avqi‡bi Afv‡e ˆK‡kviKvjxb kvixwiK e„w× wejw¤^Z n‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i wK‡kvix‡`i kvixwiK e„w×
I gvwmK FZz¯ªv‡ei Kvi‡Y kix‡i Avqi‡bi Pvwn`v †e‡o hvq|
• Avqib NvUwZi Kvi‡Y kvixwiK I gvbwmK e„w× e¨vnZ nq, ¯^vfvweK Ávb e„w×i weKvk K‡g hvq Ges
cov‡jLvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM A‡bKvs‡k K‡g hvq, d‡j ¯‹z‡j hvevi AvMÖn nvwi‡q †d‡j|
• wK‡kvix Ae¯’vq Mf©aviY (we‡kl K‡i gv hw` Acywó‡Z †fv‡Mb I †eu‡U nb) gv I wkï Df‡qB ^v¯’¨ SzuwKi
g‡a¨ c‡o hvq|
• cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ Lvevi weZiY I Lvevi MÖn‡Y †Q‡j-†g‡qi g‡a¨ cÖ_vMZ AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y ˆkke †_‡K ïiæ
K‡i ˆK‡kviKvj ch©šÍ †g‡qiv we‡klfv‡e Acywói wkKvi n‡q _v‡K|
ˆK‡kviKvjxb Acywó cÖwZ‡iv‡a KiYxq
1. bvbvb RvZxq cywó Dcv`vb mg„× Lvevi mylg Lvevi LvIqv:
kK©iv RvZxq Lvevi (fvZ, iæwU, gywo, wPwb, ¸o, gay, Avjy, wPov BZ¨vw`) LvIqv
Avwgl RvZxq Lvevi (wWg, `ya, gvQ, gvsm, Wvj, ev`vg, exwP BZ¨vw`) LvIqv
Avqib mg„× Lvevi (gvsm, KwjRv Ges Mvp meyR kvK-mewR) LvIqv
wfUvwgb-G mg„× Lvevi (KwjRv, cvKv †cu‡c, Avg, MvRi, wgwóKzgov, †QvU gvQ, wWg, meyR
kvK-mewR I njy` i‡Oi dj-g~j) LvIqv
cÖwZw`b wfUvwgb wm hy³ Lvevi LvIqv
Av‡qvwWbmg„× Lvevi (mvgyw`ªK gvQ Ges mgy`ª ZxieZx© GjvKvi kvK-mewR) Ges Av‡qvwWbhy³
jeY LvIqv
2. cÖwZw`b 10-12 Møvm cvwb LvIqv| MigKv‡j †ewk cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i
3. Wv³vi ev ¯^v¯’¨Kgx©i civgk© Abyhvqx Avqib dwjK GwmW U¨ve‡jU LvIqv
4. cÖ‡Z¨K wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡K Wv³v‡ii civgk© Abyhvqx Qq gvm AšÍi K…wgbvkK U¨ve‡jU LvIqv|
5. Lvevi LvIqvi Av‡M I c‡i mvevb I wbivc` cvwb w`‡q nvZ †avqv
6. ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Kiv Ges RyZv ev m¨v‡Ûj c‡i cvqLvbvq hvIqv
7. gvwmK FZzmªv‡ei mgq cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ _vKv| Zv‡`i‡K g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h Gmgq meai‡bi
Lvevi LvIqv hvq Ges me ai‡Yi ¯^vfvweK KvRKg© Kiv hvq
8. †`ix‡Z we‡q I †`ix‡Z Mf©aviY Kiv
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
52
5.2. 2 wK‡kvixi cywóKi Lvevi
mnvqK møvB‡Wi gva¨‡g wK‡kvix‡`i we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ I Abycywó Dcv`vb, Drm Ges KvR
e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|
mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K wK‡kvix‡`i ˆ`wbK bgybv Lv`¨ ZvwjKv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
Kvh©µg 2:
wK‡kvix‡`i we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ I Abycywó Dcv`vb, Drm Ges KvR
wK‡kvix eqm †e‡o IVvi eqm| 18 eQi ch©šÍ Zv‡`i †`‡ni GB e„w× Pj‡Z _v‡K| GKRb cyb©v½ bvix wn‡m‡e
†e‡o DV‡Z Zvi gvsm‡ckx, nvomn me A½-cÖZ¨‡½i †hb mwVK e„w× nq †mRb¨ Zv‡K cywóKi I mylg Lvevi †ewk
cwigv‡Y †L‡Z n‡e|
Avwglt wK‡kvix †`‡ni KvVv‡gvMZ e„w×i Rb¨ AvwglRvZxq Lvevi AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRb| cÖvYx I Dw™¢` Dfq Drm
†_‡KB Avwgl cvIqv hvq| cÖvYxR Avwgl cvIqv hvq gvQ, gvsm, `ya, wWg, Qvbv, cwbi, ïUwK gvQ BZ¨vw` †_‡K|
wewfbœ ai‡Yi Wvj †hgb: gyM, gymyi, gvmKjvB, †Qvjv, mx‡gi wewP, gUiïwU, Pxbvev`vg, mqvexb BZ¨vw` †_‡K
Avgiv Dw™¢R Avwgl †c‡q _vwK| †`‡ni mwVK e„w× I ¶qc~i‡Yi Rb¨ G RvZxq Lvevi wbqwgZ †L‡Z n‡e| Pvj I
Wv‡ji Avwgl GKwÎZ n‡q DbœZgv‡bi Avwgl nq| ZvB Pvj I Wvj GK‡Î LvIqv kix‡ii R‡b¨ fv‡jv|
†jŠn (Avqib)t evsjv‡`‡ki wK‡kvix‡`i cÖvq `yB-Z…ZxqvskB i³¯^íZvi Ges i‡³ Avqib ¯^íZvi wkKvi|
Avqi‡bi Afv‡e ˆK‡kviKvjxb e„w× wejw¤^Z n‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i wK‡kvix‡`i kvixwiK e„w× I gvwm‡Ki Kvi‡Y
kix‡i Avqi‡bi Pvwn`v †e‡o hvq| fwel¨‡Z my¯’ gv wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K ˆZix Kivi Rb¨ wK‡kvix‡`i kix‡i ch©vß
cwigv‡Y Avqib Rgv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖvwbR Lvevi †hgb- gvQ/ †QvU gvQ/ gvsm/ KwjRv/ wWg BZ¨vw`‡Z †jŠ‡ni
cwigvY †ewk _v‡K| KPzkvK, jvjkvK, a‡bcvZv, cvUkvK, †n‡jÂvkvK, Kjvi †gvPv, †`wk Mve, we‡jZx Mve,
Kv‡jvRvg, Kjv, †cqviv, Wvwjg BZ¨vw`I †jŠ‡ni Drm| GQvov ïUwK gv‡QI cÖPzi Avqib Av‡Q|
K¨vjwmqvgt nv‡oi e„w× I `uvZ‡K myMwVZ Ki‡Z K¨vjwmqvg Riæix| wWg, `ya, `B, cwbi, ïUwK gvQ, gv_v I
KuvUvmn †QvU gvQ †_‡K cÖPzi K¨vjwmqvg cvIqv hvq| cuvP dz‡Ui Kg D”PZvi gwnjv‡`i mšÍvb cÖm‡ei mgq
RwUjZv †ewk nq| A‡bK mgq gv I wkïi g„Zz¨I N‡U| ch©vß K¨vjwmqv‡gi Afv‡e cieZ©x Rxe‡b AwóIc‡iwmm
ev nv‡oi ÿq †ivM nIqvi m¤¢vebv †e‡o hvq| GR‡b¨ †g‡q‡`i D”PZv cuvP dz‡Ui †ewk j¤^v nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB
K¨vjwmqvg Av‡Q Ggb Lvevi wK‡kvix‡`i †ewk cwigv‡Y LvIqv `iKvi|
Av‡qvwWbt Av‡qvwWb wK‡kvix‡`i gvbwmK weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i| Av‡qvwWbhy³ je‡Yi e¨envi wK‡kvix‡`i †gavex
Ges ¯^v¯’¨evb wnmv‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| Zv‡`i eyw× evov‡Z mvgyw`ªK gvQ I Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY †L‡Z
n‡e|
wfUvwgb wmt wK‡kvix‡`i cÖwZw`b wfUvwgb wm MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avqibhy³ Lvev‡ii mv‡_ wfUvwgb-ÕwmÕ hy³ Lvevi
MÖnY Ki‡j Avqib †kvlY e„w× cvq| G Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi R‡b¨ Zviv jvj I meyR kvK-mewR, †jey, Kgjv, †cqviv,
AvgjwK, Rv¤^yyiv, Avbvim, eiB, Kvgiv½v, U‡g‡Uv, KuvPv gwiP BZ¨vw` †L‡Z cv‡i|
GQvov cywóKi Lvevi MÖn‡Yi cvkvcvwk my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ cÖwZw`b wK‡kvix‡`i cÖPzi cwigv‡Y wbivc` cvwb cvb Kiv
Ges †mB mv‡_ wbqwgZ e¨vqvg, wekªvg I †Ljvayjv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
53
Kvh©µg 3:
mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K PviwU `‡j fvM Ki‡eb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wK‡kvix‡`i ˆ`wbK bgybv Lv`¨ ZvwjKv
†cv÷v‡i wj‡L Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ej‡eb|
Gici mnvqK Lvev‡ii ZvwjKv †`Lv‡eb Ges wgwj‡q wb‡Z ej‡eb|
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i ˆ`wbK bgybv Lv`¨ ZvwjKv
cÖwZw`b wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i bvbvb RvZxq cywó Dcv`vbmg„× Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e| GKRb wK‡kvi/wK‡kvix wK wK
Lvevi †L‡j Zvi ˆ`wbK cywó Pvwn`v c~iY n‡e Zvi GKwU bgybv ZvwjKv wb‡P †`qv nj:
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixi ˆ`wbK bg~bv Lv`¨ ZvwjKv (250 wg: wj: evwUi wnmve)
*GQvovI wK‡kvix‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq Avqibmg„× Lvevi _vKv evÂbxq|
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY
• i³¯^íZv m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• Avqib m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• ˆK‡kviKvjxb mg‡q i³¯^íZvi KviY, cÖwZKvi I cÖwZ‡iva m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• Avqib dwjK GwmW †me‡bi cvk©^cÖwZwµqv m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• K…wgi mv‡_ i³¯^íZvi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5.2. 2 i³¯^íZv
i³¯^íZv wK?
i‡³ †jvwnZ KwbKv A_ev wn‡gv‡Møvwe‡bi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j Zv‡K
i³¯^íZv e‡j| wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvi‡Y wK‡kvix eq‡m i³¯^íZvi
m¤¢vebv †ekx _v‡K|
wK‡kvixi i³¯^íZvi cÖavb KviY:
• Lvev‡i ch©vß Avqi‡bi Afve
• evošÍ kix‡ii cywó Pvwn`v c~iY bv nIqv
• FZzmªveRwbZ i³¶iY
• K…wg msµgb
• Amg‡q Mf©aviY
mKv‡ji Lvevi
- gvSvix mvB‡Ri
2wU iæwU A_ev
1 evwU fvZ
- 1 evwU mewR
A_ev 1wU wWg
- †h‡Kvb †`k
†gŠmygx dj
- evox‡Z ˆZix
bv¯Ív RvZxq
Lvevi
- 2/3 evwU fvZ
- 1 evwU kvK&-mewR
- 1 evwU Nb Wvj
- 1 UzKiv gvQ/
gvsm/KwjRv
- `ya w`‡q ˆZix Nb †h‡Kvb
Lvevi (cv‡qm I `B
BZ¨vw`)/†h‡Kvb †`kx
†gŠmygx dj/evox‡Z ˆZix
bv¯Ív RvZxq †h‡Kvb Lvevi
- 2/3 evwU fvZ
- 1 evwU kvK&-mewR
- 1 evwU Nb Wvj
- (hw` m¤¢e nq 1
UzKiv gvQ/gvsm)
mKv‡ji bv¯Ív `ycy‡ii Lvevi weKv‡ji bv¯Ív iv‡Zi Lvevi
my¯’ gvby‡li †jvwnZ
i³ KwYKv
i³¯^íZvq AvµvšÍ gvby‡li
†jvwnZ i³ KwYKv
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
54
i³¯^íZvi j¶Y:
wb‡gœv³ ˆewk󨸇jv †`L‡j eySv hv‡e wK‡kvixi i³¯^íZv Av‡Q:
• K¬vwšÍfve
• `ye©jZv
• ¶zavg›`v
• gwjb Z¡K
• gv_v Nyiv‡bv
• `ªæZ ü`¯ú›`b
• mn‡R †i‡M hvIqv, BZ¨vw`
Avqib NvUwZRwbZ i³¯^íZv cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvi
1. Avqibmg„× mylg Lvevi MÖnY
• cÖwZw`b Avqib mg„× mylg Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e| `yB ai‡Yi Lvevi Drm †_‡K Avqib cvIqv hvq- cÖvYxR
Drm Ges Dw™¢¾ Drm| Z‡e cÖvYxR Drm †_‡K cÖvß Avqi‡bi 30% kixi †kvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘
Dw™¢¾ Drm †_‡K gvÎ 2-10% Avqib kix‡i †kvlY nq| G‡Z †evSv hvq cÖvYxR Drm kix‡ii Avqib
NvUwZ c~i‡Y †ekx mnvqK| ZvB cÖwZw`‡bi Lvev‡i AšÍZ GK‡ejv cÖvYxR Lvevi LvIqv DwPZ|
• Pv I Kwd †L‡j Zv kix‡i Avqib †kvlY e¨vnZ K‡i, ZvB `ycyi Ges iv‡Zi cÖavb Lvev‡ii mv‡_ Pv I
Kwd LvIqv hv‡e bv
• kix‡i Avqib Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ Avqib RvZxq Lvev‡ii mv‡_ wfUvwgb wm hy³ (†hgb-†jey ev UK dj)
Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e| wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ Gi fv‡jv Drm n‡”Q †gŠmygx dj, †hgb: †jey, †cqviv, Avgov, AvgjKx,
Kvgiv½v, eoB BZ¨vw`| kvKmewRi †¶‡Î wfUvwgb ÔwmÕ Gi fv‡jv Drm n‡”Q U‡g‡Uv, KvuPvgwiP,
dzjKwc, evuavKwc, cvjskvK BZ¨vw`|
5. 3: Mf©eZx I cÖm~wZ gv‡qi cywó
mgq: 30 wgwbU
• GB cÖwk¶Y †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY Mf©eZx I cÖm~wZ gv‡qi cywó m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb|
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 2wU `‡j fvM K‡i wb‡eb, 1g `‡ji KvQ †_‡K †R‡b wb‡eb Mf©eZx gv‡K †Kvb
†Kvb ai‡Yi ev wK wK Lvevi, KZUzKz cwigvY, w`‡b KZevi †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e Ges †Kb? AskMÖnYKvix‡`i
gZvgZ †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjwce× Ki‡eb|
• 2q `‡ji KvQ †_‡K †R‡b wb‡eb cÖm~wZ gv‡K †Kvb †Kvb ai‡Yi ev wK wK Lvevi, KZUzKz cwigvY, w`‡b
KZevi †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e Ges †Kb? AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gZvgZ †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjwce× Ki‡eb|
• AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gZvgZ wb‡q mnvqK we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges †Kvb ¸iæZc~Y© Z_¨ ev` c‡o
†M‡j ev †Kvb åvšÍ aviYv _vK‡j Zv wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
5.3. 1 Mf©eZx gv‡qi cywó
†h‡nZz gv‡qi kixi †_‡K wkï Lvevi MÖnY K‡i Ges cywó cvq, †m‡nZz Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q gv‡qi cywó wbwðZ Ki‡Z
n‡e| gv‡K cywóKi Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| gv‡qi cywói Dc‡iB wbf©i K‡i M‡f©i wkïi cywó I Zvi kvixwiK MVb
I gvbwmK ev eyw×i weKvk| meai‡Yi cywóKi Lvevi GKUz †ekx K‡i †L‡j M‡f©i wkïi cywói cÖ‡qvRbI c~iY n‡e
Ges cywó gv‡qi kix‡i Pwe© wnmv‡e Rgv _vK‡e, hv cieZ©x‡Z ey‡Ki `ya ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| GQvov cÖm‡ei
mgq gv‡qi cÖPzi kw³i cÖ‡qvRb nq| Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q gv‡qi kix‡i cywói mÂq _vK‡j cÖm‡ei mgq gv `ye©j n‡q
co‡e bv Ges gv I wkï my¯’ _vK‡e|
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
wK‡kvix Mf©eZx gv
cÖvßeq¯‹
(18 eQ‡ii †ekx)
2,000
500
-
2,500
cÖvßeq¯‹
(18 eQ‡ii †ekx)
2,000
500
300
2,800
¯^vfvweK Pvwn`v evowZ Pvwn`v hgR wkïi gv me©‡gvU Pvwn`v
wK‡kvix
(13-18 eQi eqm)
2,200
500
-
2,700
wK‡kvix
(13-18 eQi eqm)
2,200
500
300
3,000
55
Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q gv‡qi IRb ¯^vfvweKfv‡e 9 †_‡K 12 †KwR e„w× cvIqv DwPZ| Gig‡a¨ wkïi IRb 2.5-3
†KwR, evwKUv gv‡qi Mf©dzj, Rivqy, i³, gvsm‡cwk, Pwe©, ¯Íb, Rivqyi wfZi cvwb (G¨vgwbIwUK d¬zBW), BZ¨vw`|
GB IRb e„w× wbf©i K‡i gv‡qi Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi Dci Ges kvixwiK my¯’Zvi Dci| GRb¨ Gmgq gv‡qi Lv‡`¨i
Pvwn`vI e„w× cvq| ZvB cÖwZw`b gv †h cwigvY Lvevi †LZ Zvi mv‡_ Kgc‡¶ AviI 500 wK‡jvK¨vjwi mgcwigvY
evowZ Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
¯^vfvweK GKRb cÖvßeq¯‹ (18 eQi eq‡mi Dc‡i) gwnjvi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b cÖ‡qvRb 2,000 wK‡jvK¨vjwi, Mf©eZx
gwnjvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb AviI 500 wK‡jvK¨vjwi, Zvn‡j GKRb Mf©eZx gwnjvi cÖwZw`b cÖ‡qvRb (2,000+500)
2500 wK‡jvK¨vjwi kw³i| GB evowZ 500 wK‡jvK¨vjwii g‡a¨ wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb 300 wK‡jvK¨vjwi Ges
evwK 200 wK‡jvK¨vjwi gv‡qi kix‡i Pwe© AvKv‡i mÂq nq, hv c‡i gv‡qi cÖm‡ei mgq kw³ wnmv‡e I c‡i wkïi
Rb¨ ey‡Ki `ya ˆZix‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
GQvovI gv‡qi hw` hgR ev”Pv nq Z‡e Zv‡K AviI 300 wK‡jvK¨vjwi A_©vr †gvU evowZ (500+300) 800
wK‡jvK¨vjwi †ekx Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e †Lqvj Ki‡Z n‡e, gv‡qi eqm hw` 10-19 eQi nq, A_©vr †m hw` wK‡kvix nq Z‡e Zv‡K AviI †ewk
cwigv‡Y †L‡Z n‡e| KviY G eq‡m wK‡kvix †g‡q‡`i kvixwiK MVb (nvo, gvsm‡ckx e„w×) Pj‡Z _v‡K, cvkvcvwk
Zvi M‡f©i wkïiI e„w× nq, d‡j Zvi Lvev‡ii Pvwn`v e„w× cvq|
wK‡kvix‡`i ¯^vfvweK Pvwn`v cÖwZw`b 2,200 wK‡jvK¨vjwi, Mf©eZx wK‡kvixi Rb¨ cÖ†qvRb AviI evowZ 500
wK‡jvK¨vjwi, A_©vr †gvU (2,200+500) 2,700 wK‡jvK¨vjwi| wK‡kvix hw` hgR mšÍvb Mf©aviY K‡ib Zvn‡j
Zvi †gvU cÖ‡qvRb n‡e (2,200+500+300) 3,000 wK‡jvK¨vjwi|
wb‡gœ Q‡Ki gva¨‡g Mf©eZx gv‡qi cÖwZw`‡bi cywó/K¨vjwii Pvwn`v †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
Mf©eZx gv‡qi Lvev‡ii cwigvY (QK: 1, 2)
• Mf©eZx gv‡K cÖwZ‡ejv (Kgc‡¶ 3 †ejv) cvwievwiK Lvevi wKQyUv †ekx cwigv‡Y †L‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk
`yBevi bv¯Ív †L‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ‡ejvq evowZ Lvevi wnmv‡e GK gy‡Vv fvZ, mgcwigvY ZiKvwi, Wvj,
BZ¨vw`, w`‡b 3 Kvc `ya ev `y‡ai ˆZwi Lvevi Ges w`‡b 2 evi †h‡Kvb †gŠmywg dj †L‡Z n‡e|
• cÖwZw`b Kg c‡¶ 8 Møvm cvwb †L‡Z n‡e, G†Z K‡i gv wb‡R my¯’-mej _vK‡eb Ges my¯’ I ¯^vfvweK
IR‡bi wkï Rb¥ w`‡Z cvi‡eb Ges cieZ©x‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡Z cvi‡eb|
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
Mf©eZx/cÖm~wZi GKw`‡bi Lv`¨ ZvwjKv
†ejv
mKv‡ji bv¯Ív fvZ
A_ev
AvUvi iæwU
mewR fvwR
wWg fvwR/wm×
A_ev
Nb Wvj
1 1/2 evwU
3wU (gvSvwi)
1 evwU
1wU
1 evwU
bv¯Ív (mKvj 10-
11 Uv)
†gŠmygx dj (Kjv/Avg/KvuVvj/†cqviv/†cu‡c BZ¨vw`)
A_ev
`y‡ai ˆZwi cv‡qm/wdiwb/wcVv
1wU (gvSvwi)
1 evwU
`ycy‡ii Lvevi fvZ
Nb Wvj
kvK-mewR
gvQ/gvsm/wWg
3 evwU
1 evwU
1 evwU
1 UzKiv (gvSvwi) 30 MÖvg
weKv‡ji bv¯Ív `ya
A_ev
¸o-gywo/¸o-LB/¸o-ev`vg
1 Møvm
1/2 evwU
iv‡Zi Lvevi
1 evwU = 250 wg:wj: ev 1 †cvqv
1 Møvm = 250 wg:wj
1 Kvc = 125 wg:wj
ivbœvq †Zj e¨envi Kiæb| m¤¢e n‡j Lvevi c~‡e© Lvev‡ii mv‡_ 1 Pv PvgP †Zj †hvM Kiæb|
fvZ
Nb Wvj
kvK-mewR
gvQ/gvsm/wWg
`ya
A_ev
`B
2 evwU
1 evwU
1 1/2 evwU
1 UzKiv (gvSvwi) 30 MÖvg
1 Møvm
1/2 evwU
Dcv`vb cwigvY
56
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
Mf©eZx gv‡qi Lvev‡ii aiY
Av‡jvPbv K‡i Rvbv‡Z n‡e Mf©eZx gv †Kvb †Kvb ai‡Yi Lvevi Lv‡eb Ges †Kb Lv‡eb:
1. kK©iv I Pwe©: kK©iv I Pwe© RvZxq Lvevi †_‡KB gv cÖavbZ kw³ †c‡q _v‡K, ZvB w`‡b 3 evi fvZ LvIqvi
mgq GKUz †ewk cwigv‡Y (GKgy‡Vv) †L‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk evowZ 1 Pv PvgP †Zj cv‡Z ev kvK/mewRi mv‡_
ev fZ©vi mv‡_ wgwk‡q †L‡Z n‡e|
GQvov bv¯Ív wnmv‡e Avjy fvRv, Wv‡ji eov, †Z‡j fvRv Pv‡ji wcVv, ¸†oi ˆZwi wewfbœ ai‡Yi wcVv, wgwó
BZ¨vw` kw³`vqK Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e| GB evowZ kw³`vqK Lvevi gv‡qi I wkïi kix‡ii cÖ‡qvRb wgwU‡q gv‡qi
kix‡i evowZ †g` wnmv‡e Rgv _vK‡e, hv cÖm‡ei mgq gv‡qi kix‡i kw³ †hvMv‡e, GQvovI cieZ©x‡Z wkïi
Rb¨ gv‡qi ey‡K `ya ˆZwi n‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
2. Avwgl: Mf©¯’ wkïi †`‡ni gvsm‡cwk MVb, i³ ˆZwi I gw¯Í‡®‹i MV‡bi Rb¨ Ges gv‡qi kix‡ii ¶qc~iY I
e„w× mva‡bi Rb¨ Avwgl cÖ‡qvRb| Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q gv‡qi kix‡i Avwg‡li Pvwn`v wظY e„w× cvq, we‡kl K‡i
†k‡li 6 gv‡m, KviY GB mgq wkïi ˆ`wnK e„w× †ekx nq| cÖ‡qvRbxq Avwg‡li Afv‡e Kg IR‡bi I Kg
eyw×m¤úbœ wkï Rb¥ †bq| Kg IRb wkïi cieZ©x‡Z g„Zz¨ SzwuK †e‡o hvq|
GQvovI Avwgl †`‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxq wfUvwgb I LwbR je‡Yi Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i| Avwgl gv‡qi ey‡K chv©ß ya Zix
K‡i| Avwg‡li Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b 3 †ejvi Lvev‡ii g‡a¨ †h‡Kvb `yB †ejvq Aek¨B GKUzKiv gvSvix
AvKv‡ii (30 MÖvg IR‡bi) gvQ/gvsm/wWg /KwjRv I `ya (1 Møvm) _vK‡Z n‡e| cÖvYxR Avwg‡li cvkvcvwk Nb
Wvj (Ava Kvc), wm‡gi wewP, ev`vg (GK gy‡Vv) BZ¨vw` †L‡Z cvi‡j Avwg‡li NvUwZ wKQyUv c~iY n‡e|
3. kvKmewR I dj: wfUvwgb I LwbR je‡Yi cÖavb Drm n‡jv wewfbœ ai‡Yi iwOb kvKmewR I dj-g~j| gv‡qi
I wkïi meai‡Yi wfUvwgb I LwbR je‡Yi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ gv‡K cÖwZw`b Aek¨B mwVK cwigv‡Y kvKmewR
I dj-g~j †L‡Z n‡e| †`‡ni me A½cÖZ¨‡½i A_v©r; Z¡K, bL, †PvL, Pzj, `vuZ, gvwo, nv‡oi my¯’Zvi Rb¨
wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY cÖ‡qvRb| nv‡oi MVb, i³ Zwi, i³ RgvU evuav, nRg kw³, nR‡gi ci cywó Dcv`vb‡K
kix‡ii wewfbœ RvqMvq cwienb K‡i wb‡q hvIqv, myiæwP BZ¨vw` wVK ivL‡Z wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY GKmv‡_
KvR K‡i| G Dcv`vb¸‡jv †`‡ni †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w× K‡i †`n‡K myy&¯’ iv‡L| wfUvwg‡bi g‡a¨ ÔGÕ,
wewfbœ ai‡Yi ÔweÕ, ÔwmÕ, ÔwWÕ, ÔBÕ I Ô†KÕ Ges LwbR je‡Yi g‡a¨ Avqib, Av‡qvwWb, wRsK, K¨vjwmqvg,
†mvwWqvg, cUvwkqvg BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, wewfbœ ai‡Yi kvKmewR I d‡j wewfbœ ai‡Yi
wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY _v‡K, GB Kvi‡Y wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii Mvp meyR, njy`, Kgjv, jvj BZ¨vw` mewR I dj †L‡Z
n‡e| wfUvwgb mewR I d‡ji i‡m, †Lvmvq Ges wKQy wfUvwgb †Z‡ji g‡a¨ _v‡K| wfUvwgb I LwbR je‡Yi
Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b 3 †ejv 1 evwU K‡i (250 wg:wj) kvK-mewR †L‡Z n‡e, cvkvcvwk 2 evi †h‡Kvb
ai‡Yi †gŠmywg dj †L‡Z n‡e|
4. `ya: Mf©Kvjxb mgq gv‡qi I wkïi †`‡ni MV‡bi Rb¨ `ya LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| `y‡a cÖvYxR Avwgl, kK©iv I Pwe©
Av‡Q hv gv I wkïi †`‡ni gvsm‡cwk MV‡b Ges kw³ †hvMv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| GQvov `y‡a LwbR Dcv`vb
(K¨vjwmqvg) cÖPzi cwigv‡Y _v‡K, hv wkïi †`‡ni nvo I `vuZ MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| Ab¨vb¨ LwbR je‡Yi g‡a¨
i‡q‡Q †mvwWqvg I cUvwkqvg| `y‡a meai‡Yi wfUvwgbI Av‡Q|
gv hw` wK‡kvix nb Z‡e `y‡ai cÖ‡qvRbxqZv AviI †e‡o hvq| cÖwZ‡ejv GK Kvc K‡i †gvU 3 Møvm `ya A_ev
`y‡ai ˆZix †h‡Kvb Lvevi, †hgb `B, cv‡qm, `y‡a wfRv‡bv wcVv BZ¨vw` †L‡Z n‡e|
5. cvwb: †`‡ni my¯’Zvi Rb¨ cvwbi f~wgKv Acwinvh©| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki AvenvIqv Abyhvqx gv‡K w`‡b Kgc‡¶ 8
Møvm cvwb cvb Ki‡Z n‡e| eZ©gv‡b wUDeI†q‡ji ev mvcøvB Gi cvwb †hUvB †nvK bv †Kb Aek¨B 20 wgwbU
dzwU‡q VvÐv K‡i †L‡Z n‡e| G†Z K‡i cvwbevwnZ †ivM, †hgb Wvqwiqv, RwÛm, UvBd‡qW BZ¨vw` nIqvi
57
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
m¤¢vebv K‡g hv‡e| †`‡n cvwbi cwigvY Kg n‡j wkïi I gv‡qi Df‡qi bvbvb iKg mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|
gv‡qi kix‡i cvwbi cwigvY Kg n‡j Zj‡c‡U e¨_v K‡i, AcwiYZ wkï A_ev Kg IR‡bi wkïi Rb¥ nIqvi
m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
6. Avqib-dwjK GwmW U¨ve‡jU: gv‡K M‡f©i Pvi gvm †_‡K cÖwZw`b Kgc†¶ 1Uv K‡i Avqib-dwjK GwmW
U¨ve‡jU (60 wg.MÖv Avqib Ges 40 wg.MÖv. dwjK GwmW) †L‡Z n‡e, G‡Z K‡i gv‡qi Ges M‡f©i wkïi
i³¯^íZv nIqvi m¤¢vebv K‡g hv‡e I M‡f©i wkïi eyw×i weKvk wVKfv‡e n‡e| gv‡qi i³¯^íZv _vK‡j cÖm‡ei
ci i³¶iY †ekx nq| Avqib-dwjK GwmW U¨ve‡jU wbqwgZ †L‡j i³¯^íZv K‡g hv‡e Ges AwZwi³
i³¶iYI n‡e bv|
gv hw` fvZ LvIqvi mgq cÖwZw`b GKUv K‡i Avqib dwjK GwmW U¨ve‡jU Lvb Ges cv‡Z GKUz †jey Lvb Z‡e
U¨ve‡jUwU kix‡i †Kvb weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi m„wó Ki‡e bv Ges Lye fv‡jvfv‡e KvR Ki‡e|
7. wi‡evd¬vwfb ev we-2: Mf©eZx gv‡qi †Vvu‡Ui †Kvbvq Nv †`Lv w`‡j Zv‡K cÖwZ‡ejv 1Uv K‡i wi‡evd¬vwfb U¨ve‡jU
(wi‡evmb) w`‡b 3 evi †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e hZw`b ch©šÍ Nv fvj bv nq|
8. K¨vjwmqvg U¨ve‡jU: gv‡qi kix‡ii NvUwZ c~iY I wkïi nvo I `vu‡Zi mwVK e„w×i Rb¨ M‡f©i Pvi gvm †_‡K
gv‡K cÖwZw`b Kgc‡¶ 1Uv K‡i K¨vjwmqvg U¨ve‡jU (500 wgwjMÖvg) †L‡Z n‡e| fiv †c‡U K¨vjwmqvg
U¨ve‡jU †L‡j kix‡i †Kvb weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi m„wó Ki‡e bv| gv‡qi `vu‡Zi I nv‡oi mgm¨vI †`Lv †`‡e bv|
9. K…wgbvkK U¨ve‡jU: Mf©ve¯’vq gv‡qi †c‡U hw` K…wg _v‡K Z‡e gv hZB cywóKi Lvevi MÖnY KiæK bv †Kb †`‡ni
cywóMZ Ae¯’vi †Kvb DbœwZ n‡e bv| ZvB gv‡K M‡f©i 5-7 gv‡mi g‡a¨ 1wU K…wgbvkK ewo (Gj‡ebWvRj) MÖnY
Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY: ivbœvq Aek¨B Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeY e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e, G†Z M‡f©i wkïi gvbwmK weKvk
ev eyw×i weKvk fvj n‡e|
11. gv‡K Aek¨B R`©v, ZvgvK cvZv BZ¨vw` LvIqv eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
5.3. 2 cÖm~wZ gv‡qi cywó:
Av‡jvPbv K‡i Rvbv‡Z n‡e cÖmywZ gv †Kvb †Kvb ai‡Yi Lvevi Lv‡eb Ges †Kb Lv‡eb:
1. cÖm~wZ gv‡KI Mf©eZx gv‡qi g‡Zv wKQyUv †ekx cwigv‡Y Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, G†Z K‡i gv ZvovZvwo my¯’
n‡q DV‡eb Ges wkï cÖPzi cwigv‡Y ey‡Ki `ya cv‡e| cÖm~wZ gv‡qi ˆ`wbK evowZ 700 wK‡jvK¨vjwi kw³i
cÖ‡qvRb| G†¶‡Î 500 wK‡jvK¨vjwi Lvevi †_‡K Avm‡e Ges evwK 200 wK‡jvK¨vjwi gv‡qi kix‡i Mf©ve¯’vq
mwÂZ †g` ev Pwe© †_‡K Avm‡e| myZivs Mf©Kvjxb mgq gv †hfv‡e evowZ Lvevi †L‡Zb wVK †mfv‡e LvIqv
Pvwj‡q hv‡eb hZw`b ch©šÍ wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡eb|
2. cÖm‡ei ci Kgc‡¶ wZbgvm ch©šÍ Avqib-dwjK GwmW U¨ve‡jU cÖwZw`b 1Uv K‡i Ges K¨vjwmqvg U¨ve‡jU
1Uv †L‡Z n‡e, d‡j gv‡qi i³¯^íZv n‡e bv Ges wkïiI gv‡qi `y‡ai gva¨‡g Avqi‡bi Pvwn`v c~iY n‡e|
cvkvcvwk K¨vjwmqvg U¨ve‡jU gv‡qi I wkïi nvo I `vu‡Zi MVb Ki‡e|
3. cÖm~wZ gv‡qi †Vvu‡Ui †Kvbvq Nv †`Lv w`‡j Zv‡K cÖwZ‡ejv 1Uv K‡i w`‡b 3 evi wi‡evd¬vwfb ev we-2 U¨ve‡jU
(wi‡evmb) †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e hZw`b ch©šÍ Nv fvj bv nq|
58
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
4. wkïi R‡b¥i ci gv‡K 14 w`‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU 200,000 B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbU wfUvwgb ÕGÕ K¨vcmyj LvIqv‡Z
n‡e| G‡Z gv ZvovZvwo my¯’ n‡q DV‡e Ges gv‡qi `y‡ai gva¨‡g wkïi Pvwn`vI c~iY n‡e, d‡j wkïi
ivZKvbv, Wvqwiqv, wbD‡gvwbqv BZ¨vw` †iv‡Mi m¤¢vebv K‡g hv‡e|
5. cÖm~wZ gv cÖwZw`b Kgc‡¶ 8 Møvm cvwb cvb Ki‡Z n‡e| cvwb Aek¨B dzwU‡q †L‡Z n‡e|
6. gv‡K Aek¨B R`©v, ZvgvK cvZv BZ¨vw` LvIqv eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
†bvU: A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib †h, gv‡K †ekx cwigvY ev cywóKi Lvevi w`‡jB Zvi ey‡K †ekx cwigv‡Y ya Avm‡e|
GUv wVK bq| †ekx Lvevi gv‡qi Rb¨ fv‡jv| wKš‘ ey‡Ki ya evov‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wkï‡K eyK Lvwj K‡i †ekx
mgq wb‡q evievi `ya LvIqv‡bv|
59
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
Awa‡ekb 6:
KvD‡Ýwjs:
GB cÖwk¶Y †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
• mwVK KvD‡Ýwjs ev civgk©`v‡bi Rb¨ †h †h `¶Zvi cÖ‡qvRb Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb|
• KvD‡Ýwjs Kivi mgq †h welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e Zv Rvb‡eb|
• KvD‡Ýwjs Ki‡Z wkL‡eb|
Kvh©µg 1: KvD‡Ýwjs wK Ges Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
Kvh©µg 2: Awfb‡qi (†ivj †cø) gva¨‡g KvD‡Ýwjs Abykxjb
†gvU mgq: 2 NÈv
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY: cyZzj
Kvh©µg 1: KvD‡Ýwjs wK Ges Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
• †ivj‡cø Kivi mgq mnvqK B”QvK…Zfv‡e fyjfv‡e KvD‡Ýwjs K‡i †`Lv‡eb|
• mnvqK wK wK fyj K‡i‡Qb Zv AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb|
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q KvD‡Ýwjs `¶Zv evovevi Rb¨ gZvgZ Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb|
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gZvgZ Rvbvi ci wZwb cybivq mwVKfv‡e KvD‡Ýwjs K‡i †`Lv‡eb|
KvD‡Ýwjs n‡”Q GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g †mevMÖnxZv (Mf©eZx gwnjv, `y»`vbKvix gv)/cwiPh©vKvixi mgm¨v¸‡jv wK
†m¸‡jv g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ †kvbv, Zv‡K mnvbyf~wZ †`Lv‡bv Ges Zvici hyw³, Z_¨ I civg‡k©i Øviv mgm¨vmg~n
wbim‡bi Dcvq Luy‡R †ei K‡i †mevMÖnxZv‡K welqwU we‡ePbv Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i wbw`©ó wm×všÍ wb‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
KvD‡Ýwjs Gi ¸iæZ¡:
AvZ¥wek¦vm AR©b Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i
mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i
†Kvb fyj aviYv `~i Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i
Af¨vm/ AvPiY cwieZ©‡b ev bZyb †Kvb Af¨vm/ AvPiY MÖn‡Y mnvqZv K‡i
mdjfv‡e KvD‡Ýwjs Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi avc¸†jv †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e:
Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡ek ˆZix Kiv
†mevMÖnxZvi K_v †kvbv
Av‡jvPbvi ga¨ †_‡K mgm¨v¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv
mwVK wm×všÍ wb‡Z mnvqZv Kiv
†mevMÖnxZv wK ey‡S‡Qb Zv hvPvB K‡i †`Lv
AvZ¥wek¦vm/Av¯’v ˆZix Kiv
KvD‡Ýwjs Gi `¶Zvmg~n: †hvMv‡hv‡Mi aiY Ges G mgq hv j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi aiY 2 cÖKvi:
1. K_v bv e‡j †hvMv‡hvM Kiv (Non- verbal communication)
2. K_v e‡j †hvMv‡hvM Kiv (Verbal communication)
60
.............................
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
1. K_v bv e‡j †hvMv‡hvM Kiv (Non- verbal communication):
K_v bv e‡j †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mgq ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x‡`i‡K wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jv j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
GKB Ae¯’v‡b emv (Keep your head level)
†Pv‡L †PvL ivLv (Eye contact)
†Kvb evav bv ivLv (Remove barrier)
mgq †bqv (Taking time)
mwVKfv‡e ¯úk© Kiv (Appropriate touch)
2. K_v e‡j †hvMv‡hvM Kiv (Verbal communication):
¯^v¯’¨Kg©x‡`i‡K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mgq Zv‡`i‡K wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jv j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
†Lvjv cÖkœ Kiv (Open Question)
gv‡qi K_vq AvMÖn cÖKvk Kiv (Use response & show interest)
gv‡qi K_vi cybive„wË Kiv (Reflect back)
gv‡qi Abyf~wZ eyS‡Z cviv (Show that you understand how she feels)
wePvig~jK kã cwinvi Kiv (Avoid using judging words)
†Lvjv cÖkœ Kiv (Ask open questions):
†Lvjv cÖkœ mvaviYZ LyeB DcKvix| cÖ‡kœi Dˇi gv Aek¨B Avcbv‡K wKQy Z_¨ w`‡e| †Lvjv cÖkœ mvaviYZ ïiæ
nq ÔwKfv‡e, wK, KLb, †Kv_vq, †KbÕ GB me kã w`‡q| †hgb ÒwKfv‡e Avcwb wkï‡K LvIqv‡”Qb?Ó
e× cÖkœ GKUz Kg DcKvix| gv‡qi KvQ †_‡K hv Avkv Kiv nq, gv ZvB DËi †`q Ges DËiwU n¨vu ev bv nq| e×
cÖkœ mvaviYZ ïiæ nq: ÒAvcwb wK †L‡q‡Qb?Ó ÒAvcbvi wkï‡K ey‡Ki `ya LvIqvb?Ó
mnvbyf~wZ †`Lv‡bv (Using responses and gestures which show interest):
GKRb gv‡qi mv‡_ K‡_vcK_b Pvwj‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K †evSv‡Z n‡e †h Avcwb Zvi K_v g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i
ïb‡Qb Ges K_v †kvbvi AvMÖnI Avcbvi Av‡Q| Avcwb †h Zvi K_v AvMÖn wb‡q ïb‡Qb GUv †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ gv‡S
gv‡S Zvi w`‡K ZvKvb, gv_v bvovb Ges nvwm w`b|
D`vniY:
gv: Avwg DwØMœ n‡q wM‡qwQjvg †h Avwg wbðqB Ggb wKQz †L‡qwQjvg hvi Rb¨ †m Avgvi ey‡Ki `ya nRg Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb|
¯^v¯’¨Kgx©: Avn&v (mnvbyf~wZ cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ gv_v bvoyb)
gv‡qi K_vi c~bive„wË Kiv (Reflect back what the mother says):
gv‡K Avk¦¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e †h Avcwb gv‡qi K_v ïb‡Qb, G Rb¨ gv hv ej‡Q †mB K_v Av‡iv cwi®‹vi K‡i †evSvi
Rb¨ gv‡K GKB K_v ej‡Z n‡e, G†Z K‡i gv eyS‡eb Avcwb Zvi K_v ïb‡Qb|
D`vniY:
gv: Avgvi wkï †ewk †L‡Z Pvq| mviv¶YB cÖvq `ya gy‡L wb‡q ivL‡Z Pvq, Avwg K¬všÍ †eva Kwi|
¯^v¯’¨Kgx©: wkïwU Lye †ewk †L‡Z Pvq|
61
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
gv‡qi Abyf~wZ eySv (Show that you understand how she feels):
hLb GKRb gv Zvi mšÍv‡bi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb cÖKvi Abyf~wZ e¨³ Ki‡eb, ZLb Avcbv‡K Aek¨B Zvi K_v g‡bv‡hvM
w`‡q ïb‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡K †evSv‡Z n‡e †h Avcwb Zvi Abyf~wZ eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| mngwg©Zv I mnvbyf~wZ `yBwU
wfbœ welq| hLb Avcwb Kv‡iv Rb¨ `ytL †c‡jb Zvi gv‡b Avcwb Zv‡K mnvbyf~wZ †`Lv‡”Qb, wKš‘ welqwU‡K
Avcbvi wbR¯^ `„wóf½x w`‡q Abyfe Ki‡Z n‡e| GKRb gv‡qi Abyf~wZ †evSvi Rb¨ mngwg©Zv A‡bK †ewk
Kvh©Kix| mngwg©Zv w`‡q GKB mv‡_ gv‡qi fvj I Lvivc `yBwU Abyf~wZ‡KB mn‡R AbyaveY Kiv hvq|
D`vniY:
gv: wkï Avgvi ey‡Ki `ya †L‡Z Pv‡”Q bv| Avgvi ey‡Ki `ya †m GLb cQ›` Ki‡Q bv|
¯^v¯’¨Kgx©: Avcwb wK g‡b Ki‡Qb †h †m Avcbv‡K cQ›` Ki‡Q bv?
gv: nu¨v, Avgvi g‡b nq †m Avgv‡K fv‡jvev‡m bv, †m GB mßvn †_‡K GB iKg ïiæ K‡i‡Q hLb †_‡K Zvi `v`x
Avgv‡`i mv‡_ _vK‡Z G‡m‡Q Ges Zv‡K †evZ‡j K‡i `ya LvIqv‡”Q|
¯^v¯’¨Kgx©: Avcbvi wK g‡b n‡”Q wZwbB ïay wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z Pv‡”Qb?
gv: nu¨v, †m Avgvi wkï†K Avgvi KvQ †_‡K †Rvi K‡i †K‡o wb‡Z Pvq|
gšÍe¨: ¯^v¯’¨Kgx© mivmwi †Kvb cÖkœ Kiv e¨wZ‡i‡K mngwg©Zv w`‡q gv‡qi Abyf~wZ Ges wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ msMÖn
Ki‡Z cvi‡jb|
¯^w¯Í`vqK Abyf‚wZ:
gv: wkï Lye fv‡jvfv‡e `ya †U‡b Lv‡”Q Avi LvIqvi ci †m Lywk‡Z _v‡K|
¯^v¯’¨Kgx©: Avcwb wbðq Lye Lywk †h Avcbvi wkï fv‡jv Av‡Q|
gv: nu¨v, Avwg LyeB Lywk Ges Avwg Zv‡K †evZ‡ji `ya LvIqv‡ev bv|
¯^v¯’¨Kgx©: Avcwb Avcbvi wkï†K Avb‡›`i mv‡_ `ya LvIqv‡”Qb GUv LyeB fv‡jv|
gšÍe¨: GUv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h GKRb gv‡qi myLvbyf~wZ‡Z I Avcbv‡K AvMÖn cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
wePvig~jK kã e¨envi †_‡K weiZ _vKv (Avoid using judging words):
KvD‡Ýwjs-Gi mgq wePvig~jK kã cwinvi Ki‡j Avmj Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| GRb¨ wePvig~jK kã cwinvi Kiv
DwPZ| evsjv fvlvq wKQy wKQy kã ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †hgb-fv‡jv, g›`, wVK, fyj, Lvivc, h‡_ó, h_vh_fv‡e BZ¨vw`
G¸‡jv wePvig~jK kã| D`vniY:
Avcbvi wkï wK wVKgZ `ya Lvq? GLv‡b ÔwVKgZÕ wePvig~jK kã| Gi Dˇi gv n¨vu ev bv ej‡eb| Avi hw` cÖkœ
Kiv hvq Avcbvi wkï†K `ya LvIqv‡bv †Kgb Pj‡Q? Gi Dˇi gv A‡bK K_v ej‡eb| ZLb KvD‡Ýj‡ii eyS‡Z
myweav n‡e †h mgm¨vUv †Kv_vq| GRb¨ KvD‡Ýwjs G wePvig~jK kã cwinvi Kiv DwPZ|
gv‡qi AvZ¥wek¦vm AR©‡bi avcmg~n:
GALIDRAAG-Greet (MÖxU) - nvwm gy‡L gv‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb
A- Ask and Assess (Avm&K GÛ A¨v‡mm) - eZ©gvb Af¨vmmg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb
L-Listen (wj‡mb) - wK e‡j, Zv ïbyb
I-Identify (AvB‡WbwUdvB) - m¤¢ve¨ mgm¨vwU mbv³ Kiæb
D-Discuss (wWmKvm) - wKfv‡e GB me mgm¨v `~i Kiv hvq †m welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb
RA-Recommend and Negotiate Actions (wiK‡gÛ GÛ †b‡Mvwk‡qU GKkbm)-
62
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
weKí¸†jv Zz‡j aiæb, Ae¯’vi Dbœq‡b Zviv bZzb bZzb PP©v¸‡jv Abykxjb Ki‡Z ivwR Av‡Qb wKbv Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb
Ges †mev MÖnYKvix‡K ejyb †Kvb GKwU e¨e¯’v evQv&B Ki‡Z hv Zviv †Póv K‡i †`L‡Z cv‡ib
A-Appoinment (G¨vc‡q›U‡g›U) - d‡jv-Avc wfwR‡Ui Rb¨ ZvwiL wVK Kiæb|
wKfv‡e gv‡qi AvZ¥wek¦vm evov‡Z n‡e:
- gv‡qi K_v MÖnY Kiv- gv hv ej‡Qb Zv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kvbv| gv‡qi K_v wek¦vm Kiv Ges wZwb hv
e‡j‡Qb †m e¨vcv‡i Zvi mv‡_ ZK© ev Dëv cÖkœ bv Kiv ev gv‡K K_vi gvSLv‡b _vwg‡q bv †`qv
- gv‡qi Kv‡Ri cÖksmv Kiv Ges wkïi m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv K_v ejv
- nv‡Z Kj‡g mvnvh¨ Kiv- cÖ‡qvR‡b gv‡K wkïi Lvevi ˆZix Ki‡Z ev gv hv‡Z Avivg K‡i mgq wb‡q
wkï‡K LvIqv‡Z cv‡i †m e¨vcv‡i Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv
- cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ †`qv (2/3 wUi †ekx bv) - `yB wZbUvi †ekx civgk© GKw`‡b bv †`qv|
- Lye †ekx ej‡j gvÕi c‡¶ †KvbUvB Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| gvÕi c‡¶ Kiv m¤¢e Ggb 2-3 wU civgk© w`‡Z
n‡e Ges Zvi Kv‡Q ï‡b wb‡Z n‡e Avcwb hv ej‡jb Zv wK wK Ges Zvi c‡¶ Gme Kiv m¤¢e wK bv
- mnR fvlv e¨envi Kiv- mnR fvlvq A_©vr †hfv‡e Avgiv K_v ewj †mfv‡e gv‡qi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z
n‡e| KwVb fvlv hv gv‡qi eyS‡Z Amyweav nq Zv e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv
Kvh©µg 2: †ivj †cøi gva¨‡g Abykxjb
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 2wU eo `‡j fvM Ki‡eb, †hgb `j K I `j L| cÖwZwU `j‡K Avevi 2wU
Dc`‡j A_©vr †gvU 4wU †QvU `‡j fvM Ki‡eb, †hgb `j K1 I K2 Ges `j L1 I L2| †QvU `‡ji
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ 1Rb gv I 1Rb KvD‡Ýji n‡eb| evwK AskMÖnYKvixiv ch©‡e¶K wnmv‡e
_vK‡eb Ges g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i KvD‡Ýj‡ii K_v ïb‡eb I †`L‡eb hv‡Z K‡i cieZ©x‡Z KvD‡Ýjvi‡K
wdWe¨vK w`‡Z cv‡ib| `‡ji mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i †ivj †cø wKfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wkwL‡q †`‡eb
Ges GKwU Kvwnbx ev †Km ÷vwW †`‡eb| Gfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ `j¸‡jv G†K G‡K †ivj †cø Ki‡eb| mnvqK
wbwðZ Ki‡eb hv‡Z mKj AskMÖnYKvixMY KvD‡Ýj‡ii f~wgKvq Awfbq Kivi my‡hvM cvb|
• mnvqK KvD‡Ýwjs Gi mgq AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi w`‡K we‡klfv‡e †Lqvj ivL‡eb Ges KvD‡Ýji wn‡m‡e
AskMÖnYKvixi fv‡jv welq I fyj welq¸‡jv wj‡L ivL‡eb Ges cieZx©‡Z eywS‡q ej‡eb|
• GB `j wn‡m‡eB gvV ch©v‡qi e¨envwiK cÖwk¶Y †`‡eb Ges GKRb GKRb K‡i gv‡K KvD‡Ýwjs
Ki‡eb| GRb¨ j fvM Kivi ci AskMÖnYKvix‡`i bvg I mnvqK Gi bvg wd¬cPv‡U© wj‡L ivL‡eb, hv‡Z
c‡ii w`b gv‡V hvIqvi Av‡M mgq bó bv nq|
• KvD‡Ýwjs †mk‡bi c‡i Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ mnvqK Gi Rb¨ 1 N›Uv mgq eivÏ ivL‡eb| cÖ_‡g
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ci¯ú‡ii KvR m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ †b‡eb, KvD‡Ýji wn‡m‡e AskMÖnYKvix‡`i AwfÁZv
ïb‡eb Ges me©‡k‡l mnvqK wb‡Ri gZvgZ †`‡eb| Gfv‡e cÖwZwU `j‡K wdWe¨vK †`‡eb|
• wK Ki‡j KvD‡Ýwjs AviI fvj Kiv hv‡e †m wel‡qI mnvqK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
63
cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
Awa‡ekb 7:
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I†gb Bb evsjv‡`k cÖ‡R±
Gi cUf‚wg I Kvh©µg
cÖK‡íi cUf‚wg:
gv‡Q fv‡Z evOvwj| gvQ evOvwji AwZ wcÖq Lv`¨| D”P Avwglhy³ GB Lvevi cÖvYxR Avwgl Pvwn`vi kZKiv 60 fvM
†hvMvb †`q| gv‡Qi †cÖvwUb mnRcvP¨ Ges †`n MV‡b mnvqK, eZ©gv‡b gv‡Qi Drcv`b j¶¨Yxq nv‡i e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
gv‡Qi Pvwn`v I mieivn g‡Wj †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, 2010 mv‡j gv‡Qi gv_vwcQz Pvwn`v 18 †KwR †_‡K DbœxZ
n‡q‡Q, hv 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 30 †KwR‡Z DbœxZ Ki‡Z n‡e| aviYv Kiv nq †h, GRb¨ 2015 †_‡K 2030 mv‡ji
g‡a¨ evrmwiK gv‡Qi Drcv`b 5% e„w× Ki‡Z cvi‡jB G Ae¯’vq †cŠuQv‡bv m¤¢e n‡e| cÖwZeQi gv‡Qi Drcv`b
5 wgwjqb †gwUªK Ub evov‡Z cvi‡j 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Drcv`b jw¶Z gvÎvq DbœxZ n‡e, hv 2010 mv‡ji Zzjbvq
cÖvq wZb¸Y| gvQ Pvl welqK wewfbœ M‡elYvjä djvdj Abyhvqx †`Lv †M‡Q †h, gvQPv‡li Drcv`bkxjZv Lv‡`¨i
gvb I mvkªqx g~‡j¨i Dci Dbœqb wbf©i K‡i (Tran and Chan 2018)| G†ÿ‡Î grm¨Pvl Dbœq‡bi AvIZvq
wewfbœ g‡Wj Gi Dbœqb, DbœZgv‡bi Pvlc×wZ, gv‡Qi Lvev‡ii ¸YMZgvb Ges mvkªqx `v‡g Lvevi mieivn †ewk
gvQ Drcv`b I ¯’vwqZ¡kxj grm¨ Drcv`b wbwðZ Ki‡e| M‡elYv cÖgvY K‡i †h, grm¨ Pvl 2 wgwjqb gvby‡li
`vwi`ª¨Zv `~i K‡i| gvQ Pvl D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e GB cÖfve we¯Ívi Kivi cÖPzi Awfbe my‡hvM cÖ`vb K‡i| Zvic‡iI
evsjv‡`‡k grm¨Pvl I grm¨ LvZ A‡bK Dbœqb cÖwZKzjZvi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q|
grm¨Pvl Drcv`bkxjZvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ DbœwZ Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z ¯’vbxq †mevcÖ`vbKvix e¨w³‡`i AwaK `¶Zv I gvb
ˆelg¨, †UKmB I e¨vcK gvrm¨Pvl Lv‡Zi cÖe„w× AR©b, RwUj P¨v‡jÄ wn‡m‡e i‡q †M‡Q| bvixiv cÖvqktB gvQ
Pv‡li gva¨‡g RxweKvi my‡hvM ev grm¨ f¨vj~ †PB‡b AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q| AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i
f‚wgKv AcÖKvwkZ ev AMÖnY‡hvM¨ _v‡K Ges Zv‡`i A‡bK KvRB cvwikªwgK Gi AvIZvf~³ bq| G ai‡Yi cÖeYZv
hLb cwieZ©b n‡Z ïiæ K‡i ZLb †RÛvi evav D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i n«vm cvq| Dbœq‡bi aviv Ae¨vnZ ivLvi Rb¨ G
mKj myweav bvix-cyiæl Gi g‡a¨ ˆelg¨nxbfv‡e weZiY Ki‡Z n‡e| †Møvevj †RÛvi M¨vc wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx 149 wU
†`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb 48Zg (World Economic Forum, 2018) Ges †RÛvi AmgZvm~PK Abyhvqx
189wU †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb 134Zg (UNDP, 2018)| wj½ ˆelg¨nxb K…wl ev grm¨ †m±‡ii g~j
P¨v‡jÄ n‡jv bvix Pvwl‡`i m¤ú` I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq mxwgZ cÖ‡ekvwaKvi| GB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evav bvix
Pvwl‡`i cy‡ivcywifv‡e gvQ Pv‡l m¤ú„³ n‡Z Ges evRvi Gi mydj †c‡Z evav m„wó K‡i| cÖK…Zc‡¶ emZevwoi
cyKz‡i gvQPv‡l bvix‡`i m¤ú„³ nIqvi welqwU cÖv_wgKfv‡e Abyrcv`bkxj f~wgKvi AšÍf©~³ A_©vr cvwikªwgK †bB
Ges wm×všÍ mg~nI bvix‡`i Øviv M„nxZ bq (FAO 2017)| †KejgvÎ d¨v±ix‡Z cÖwµqvRvZKiY KvR e¨wZZ
bvix‡`i mvßvwnK A¨v‡KvqvKvjPvi f¨vjy †PB‡b hy³ nIqvi GKwU cÖeYZv †`Lv hvq, hv Drcv`bkxj f‚wgKvi
AšÍf©~³ (Choudhury et al 2017)| G wel‡q †m±iwfwËK †Kvb cwimsL¨vb †bB| wKš‘ e„nËi †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq
evsjv‡`‡k gvÎ 17% bvix wewfbœfv‡e KzwUi wkí, ¶z`ª ev gvSvix D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| GQvovI
eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k Lye KgmsL¨K bvix (10%) D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q (Roy 2016)| GB P¨v‡jÄwU
†RÛvi aviYv I †÷wiIUvB‡ci mv‡_ m¤ú„„³ †hgb bvix‡`i g~jKvR n‡jv cwiev‡ii †`Lv‡kvbv Kiv, hv cwiev‡ii
cyiæl m`‡m¨i Zzjbvq cvwikªwgK wenxb, g~j¨nxb (Kg m¤§vbRbK) Ges hv evwoi evB‡i bvixi cwiågY (mobility) †K mxwgZ K‡i †d‡j (FAO 2017; Aregu et al 2018)|
cywó P¨v‡jÄ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| KviY Acywó †iv‡Mi cÖavb Drm¨ hv wnDg¨vb K¨vwcUvj‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i|
AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î Lv`¨gvb LyeB wbgœ ch©v‡qi n‡j Acywói nvi AcÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e †ewk nq (HKI and JPGSPH 2016, Waid etal 2017)| cÖRbb¶g gwnjv I wkï†`i wfUvwgb I LwbR Dcv`vb h_v AvqiY, wRsK,
K¨vjwmqvg, wfUvwgb we12 Ges wfUvwgb ÔGÕ Gi Ach©vß †meb Le©Kvq Gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³, hv Rb¥MZfv‡e eyw×gËv
weKvk‡K euvavMÖ¯’ K‡i, Drcv`bkxjZv‡K ¶wZMÖ¯Í K‡i Ges DcvR©b Kivi ¶gZv Kwg‡q †`q| Le©Kvq Ges
Ab¨vb¨ AcywóRwbZ mgm¨v hv `vwi`ª¨Zvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Ges Áv‡bi mxgve×Zv RvZxq Dbœq‡b GKwU wbgœg~Lx aviv
eRvq iv‡L| wnmve K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q Acywói Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZeQi 1 wewjqb Wjvi Drcv`bkxjZv Kg nq|
gvQ cÖvYxR Avwg‡li GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Drm¨ hv Acywó `~ixKi‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L|
64
...........................
A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k
ivRkvnx I iscyi wefv‡Mi 34 wgwjqb (340 j¶) Rb‡Mvwô we‡kl K‡i bvix I wkï†`i `vwi`ª¨Zv Ges Acywó D”P
ch©v‡qi hv evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi 24%| wKš‘ G GjvKvi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek gvQ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨vcK
m¤¢vebvgq| evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶YvÂj †hLv‡b mvgyw`ªK, †gvnbv ev b`xi gv‡Qi ch©vßZv i‡q‡Q, †m Zzjbvq ivRkvnx
ev iscyi AÂj cy‡ivcywifv‡e ¯^v`ycvwbi gvQ, hv f‚Mf©¯’ cvwb ev e„wói cvwbi Dr†mi Dci wbf©ikxj| G AÂj
AvKw¯§K eb¨v Øviv ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq, wKš‘ GLv‡b mvB‡K¬v‡bi SzuwK Kg, Z‡e ¶ivi e¨vcK cÖfve i‡q‡Q| A_©vr gvwUi
ˆewkó¨ I cvwbi cÖvc¨Zv Abyhvqx gvQ Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ g‡Wj AbymiY K‡i GLv‡b ¶z`ª I cÖvwšÍK Pvwl‡`i gva¨‡g
gvQ Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e, hv av‡bi Drcv`‡bi mv‡_I mgš^q Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, G
A†j gv‡Qi †cvbv Ges gvQPv‡li gvbm¤úbœ Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY mieivnKvix Kg Ges Giv wewfbœ gv‡K©‡Ui mv‡_
mshy³| ivRkvnx, XvKvi evRv‡i cÖavb gvQ mieivnKvix| wKš‘ ¯’vbxq evRv‡iI GLvb †_‡K gv‡Qi †hvMvb n‡q
_v‡K| GQvov AbvbyôvwbKfv‡e ivRkvnx †_‡K BwÛqv‡ZI gvQ hvq| BwÛqvi evRv‡i gvQ mieiv‡ni GB c×wZwU
GKvav‡i †hgb my‡hvM m„wó K‡i Ab¨fv‡e P¨v‡jÄI e‡U| hvB †nvK, G `yB wefv‡M gvQPv‡l bvix‡`i AskMÖnY
Kiv‡bvi gva¨‡g cywó ms†e`bkxj gv‡Qi Drcv`b evov‡bv Ges bvix‡`i cywógvb Dbœqb Gi h‡_ó m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q|
cÖK‡íi j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I cÖfve:
50 gvm †gqvw` GB cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g, evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-cwðgv‡j gvQPv‡l m¤ú„³ (n¨vPvix, bvm©vwi, Lv`¨ wWjvi
Ges Ab¨vb¨ DciKiY we‡µZv) D‡`¨v³v‡`i m¤úK© Dbœqb I kw³kvjx Kiv n‡e| hvi d‡j †UKmB grm¨ Pv‡li
gva¨‡g gvQ Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e, cywó Ae¯’vi Dbœqb NU‡e, gvQ I mswkøó Dcv`v‡bi evRvi e¨e¯’vcbvi Dbœqb n‡e
Ges Gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ mK‡ji (bvix I ciæl) Avq e„w× cv‡e, hv we‡kl K‡i bvix‡`i ¶gZvwqZ Ki‡e|
cÖZ¨vwkZ djvdj:
• grm¨ Drcv`b I ˆewPΨZv e„w× cv‡e
• evRv‡ii mv‡_ ms†hvM Ges jvfRbK f¨vjy †PBb e„w× cv‡e
• ¶z`ª I cÖvwšÍK bvix I cyiæl Pvwl‡`i Kv‡Q ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœœ DcKiY I †mev wbwðZ n‡e
• Lv`¨ ˆewPΨZv Ges gvQ LvIqv e„w× cv‡e
• m¤ú` I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y bvixi ¶gZv evo‡e|
cÖZ¨vwkZ cÖfve:
• 10 j¶ (1 wgwjqb) †÷K‡nvìv‡ii emZevwo‡Z wgkªPv‡li gva¨‡g gv‡Qi Drcv`bkxjZv kZKiv 50
fvM e„w× cv‡e
• 10 j¶ (1 wgwjqb) ¶z`ª I cÖvwšÍK Pvwl KZ©…K evRviRvZ gvQ I gvQRvZ Drcv‡`i g~j¨ e„w× cv‡e
• m¤cÖmviY †mevi gvb I `¶Zv e„w×, cÖvwß wbwðZ I †UKmB n‡e
• gvQ I gvQRvZ Lv`¨mn cywómg„× Lv`¨ LvIqv (consumption) e„w×i gva¨‡g 20 j¶ bvix I †QvU
wkï‡`i g‡a¨ gvQ Ges gvQRvZ Lv`¨mn Ab¨vb¨ cywóKi Lvevi LvIqvi nvi e„w× cv‡e|
• gvQ Drcv`b I f¨vjy †PBb wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ nevi gva¨‡g 10 j¶ bvixi ¶gZvqb NU‡e|
cÖKí GjvKvi weeiY:
e„nËi ivRkvnx I iscyi wefvM|
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cywóKg©x cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
cÖK‡íi cvU©bvi:
¯’vbxq I RvZxq miKvi, ¯’vbxq †mev`vbKvix Ges ¯^wbf©i MÖæc, GbwRI (wUGgGgGg, eª¨vK) Ges cÖvB‡fU †m±i
mykxj mgvR I Dbœqb wewb‡qvMKvix G cÖK‡íi cvU©bvi| ¯§j‡nvìvi Pvwl cwievi AvBwWqv cÖK‡íi j¶¨ n‡”Q
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯§j‡nvìvi grm¨ Pvwl cwiev‡ii mv‡_ KvR Kiv| cÖK‡íi msÁvbyhvqx Ô¯§j†nvìviÕ grm¨ Pvwl cwievi
ej‡Z eySvq, Ôhw` †Kvb cwiev‡ii me©vwaK 2 (`yB) †n±i Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwg (cyKzimn) †_‡K _v‡K A_ev hw` †n±i
cÖwZ gv‡Qi Drcv`b 4 †gwUªKUb Gi Kg nq A_ev hw` wbR¯^ Drcv`‡bi Kgc‡¶ 50% fvM gvQ cwiev‡ii Lvevi
Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nqÕ|
†Kvb Pvwl cwievi D‡jøwLZ wZbwU k‡Z©i †h‡Kvb GKwU c~iY Ki‡jB Zv‡K ¯§j‡nvìvi wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|
wbR¯^ gvwjKvbvaxb I BRvivK…Z Dfq cÖKvi Rwg ev RjvqZbB cvwievwiK Rwg e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e|
jw¶Z Pvwli eqm 18 eQ‡ii †ewk Ges kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e my¯’ n‡Z n‡e| cyKz‡i grm¨ Pvl ev grm¨ Pvl
m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©µ‡gi mv‡_ Aek¨B RwoZ _vK‡Z n‡e| †hgb - avb‡ÿ‡Z gvQPvl, bvm©vwi cwiPvjbvKvix,
†cvbv gRy`Kvix (Pv‡ci †cvbv Pvl/cwiPh©vKvix) BZ¨vw`|
KwgDwbwU ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x (H&N worker):
gvV ch©v‡q 1 Rb Pvwli Rb¨ 1 Rb Kg©x wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡e, hv wbf©i Ki‡e ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vi Dci| Gme
¯^v¯’¨Kg©xMY Pvwl MÖæc‡K Gmwewmwm G†cÖv‡Pi gva¨‡g wKfv‡e cywó welqK civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv hvq †m wel‡q cÖwk¶Y
cv‡e| cÖKí †gqv` †k‡l G Kvh©µgwU wKfv‡e ¯’vwqZ¡Zv cv‡e †m wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e| GRb¨
¯’vbxq †¯^”Qv‡meK ˆZwii welqwU ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡”Q| †hLv‡b cywówelqK civgk© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ GKRb gyL¨ f‚wgKv
cvjb Ki‡e whwb wWwRUvj A¨vc e¨env‡ii wel‡q Ab¨vb¨‡`i cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb Ki‡e| Gi gva¨‡g MÖvgch©v‡q wWwRUvj
A¨vc e¨env‡ii cÖwµqvwU wbwðZ n‡e|
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A¨vKzqvKvjPvi: BbwµwRs BbKvg, WvBfvwm©dvBs Wv‡qUm, A¨vÛ GgcvIqvwis I‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k