,d rjq lm+d e oklrq ds vuqlkj 'ksm }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds ... book/hindi/2_one...oklrq ds...

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k lq[kh jgsaxs o cqfa}eku gksaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku ÅWapk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½

xEHkhj izHkko %ckFk:e ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ij cuk gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh]] igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W

lM+d

dejk

Nr

N S

E

VkW;ysV

ckFk:e

tky

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa eq[;}kj o lsfIVd VSad gSA mRrj dh nhokj ij lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj Vk¡M dk fuekZ.k gSA iwoZ dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ij ckWFk:e dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA /ku dh deh] izxfr u gksuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] /ku dh deh] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gS rks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

'kqHk

N S

W

ElM+d

fuekZ.k

ÅWapk

fuekZ.k

cjkcj

[kky

h Iy

kWV

v'kqHk

lkekU;

edku

xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½

Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½

lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp fn[kk, vuqlkj daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h o LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

vyekjh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

eq[;}kj dks bZLV&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr vkSj feV~Vh ls Hkj nsaA

W

E

VkWaM dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk ldrs gSA

1- ckFk:e o VkW;ysV nksuks dh Nr dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA

3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh ;k leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsa o bldk <+ky iwoZ dh vksj gh j[ksaA

4- Nr ds uhps nhokjsa [kM+h djuk vko';d ugha gSA dsoy Nr Mkyus ls gh nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

ykWoh

N S

jlksbZ

NTtk

vyekjh

vyekjh

vyekjh

eafnj

VkWM

ElM+d

dejk

N S

W

doj ,fj;k

lsfIVd VSad

NTts ds uhps fn[kk, vuqlkj nks ;k pkj fiyj tehu ls 'kq: djrs gq, gj eafty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM+s djsa ftlls lHkh NTtksa dk otu fiyjksa ij vk tk,A ;k nhokj ds cjkcj rd NTts dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

fiyjfiyj

Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMaW ukFk&Z ukFkoZ Ls V dh nhokj o ukFk&Z oLs V dkus s l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr vkjS rhljh o lkroh lra ku dk s leL;k, a jgxas hA

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj o lsfIVd VSad bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa gSA blls iq:"k chekj] Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku ¼iq:"k dks vf/kd o efgyk dks de½ leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ekufld fpUrk,a jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

ykWohN S

W

E

jlksbZ

lsfIVd VSad

NTtk

vyekjh

vyekjh

vyekjh

VkWM

czãLFkku

eafnj

xaHkhj izHkko %NTts dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dh nhokj ij gSA blls iq:"kksa esa CyM&izs'kj o g`n; dh chekjh] LoHkko xqLlSy o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %vyekjh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

mRrj esa vU; fuokl ls bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; fuokl gksus ls bl Hkou dh ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xh HkhA ÅtkZ feyus ds dkj.k okLrq nks"kksa ds izHkkoksa esa deh vk,xhA

fiyjfiyj

NTts ds uhps fn[kk, vuqlkj nks ;k pkj fiyj tehu ls 'kq: djrs gq, gj eafty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM+s djsa ftlls lHkh NTtksa dk otu fiyjksa ij vk tk,A ;k nhokj ds cjkcj rd NTts dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy, osclkbZV www.dwarkadheeshvastu.com ns[ksa@eq¶r MkmuyksM djsaA

74,d rjQ lM+d iwoZ Qsflax Hkou

1- lh<h+ vkjS nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAa s

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj o lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ d s otu dk s jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh njw h ij ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s+ dj ldr s gAaS

VkWaM dks dksukas ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,aA

lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,aA igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V e as g]S bll s i:q "k chekj] Hk; yxuk] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku ¼i:q "k gkus s ij½ dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

W

xEHkhj izHkko %Vk;W yVs ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s l s lVk g S vkjS ikuh dh Vda h bld s Åij j[kh gAS blls ?kj esa dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj o lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½ xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½



1- ckFk:e dh Nr dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA


3- doj djus ds fy, cuh gqbZ Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku ;k gYdh lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsa o bldk <+ky iwoZ dh vksj gh j[ksaA

lh<h+ vkjS nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ iow Z dh nhokj o lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A lh<h+ d s otu dk s jkds u s d sfy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh njw h ij ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s+ dj ldr s gAaS

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N S

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

Nr dk NTtk

VkWM

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

vyekjh

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr rhljh larku o lkroh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsxhA

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<h+ iow Z dh nhokj o lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s l s lVh gbq Z g S bll s i:q "k chekj] Hk; yxuk] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa dksus ls u lVrs gq, j[ksaA

dejk

dejk

N S

W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

vyekjh

Nr dkNTtk

eq[; }kj

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lsfIVd VSad bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa gSA iwoZ dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gSA lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA igyh eafty ij lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA ukFkZ&bZLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS] ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij gksus ls izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,¡xsA bl Hkou esa iq:"k chekj] LoHkko xqLlSy o eku&lEeku de gksxkA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] /ku dh deh] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

N S

E

tky

Nr

[kqyk LFkku

Vadh

VkW;ysV

W

lM+d

N S

E

tky

Nr

Nr

Vadh

doj ,fj;k

W

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k lq[kh jgsaxs o cqfa}eku gksaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls /ku dh deh o efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

mRrj esa vU; fuokl ls bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; fuokl gksus ls bl Hkou dh ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xh HkhA ÅtkZ feyus ds dkj.k okLrq nks"kksa ds izHkkoksa esa deh vk,xhA

xaHkhj izHkko %NTts dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dh nhokj ij gSA blls iq:"kksa esa CySM izs'kj o g`n; dh chekjh] LoHkko xqLlSy o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA

fiyjfiyj

NTts ds uhps fn[kk, vuqlkj nks ;k pkj fiyj tehu ls 'kq: djrs gq, gj eafty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM+s djsa ftlls lHkh NTtksa dk otu fiyjksa ij vk tk,A ;k nhokj ds cjkcj rd NTtksa dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

fiyjfiyj

NTts dk otu fiyj ds Åij gh jguk pkfg,A

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½v'kqHk

v'kqHk

N S

W

ElM+d

fuekZ.k

cjkcj

[kky

h Iy

kWV

fuekZ.k

ÅWapk

lkekU;

edku


E

SNr

Vadh

N

W

xyh

doj ,fj;k

ikuh dh Vadh dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

1- c<+s gq, dks Hkkx MkWV~sM ykbu }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 1-5 QhV mWaph nhokj [kM+h djds vyx djsaA

2- ;fn bl Hkkx dks iz;ksx djuk vko';d gS rks bl nhokj dks ykWa?kdj bl Hkkx dks iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA

3- VkW;ysV dh igys ls cuh gqbZ Nr dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA


5- doj djus ds fy, cuh gqbZ Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku ;k gYdh lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsa o bldk <+ky iwoZ dh vksj gh j[ksaA

Nr ¼lek/kku ds ckn½

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFkZ&osLV Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA bZLV&ukFkZbZLV esa eq[; }kj mPp LFkku ij gS fdUrq nf{k.k] if'pe] lkmFk&osLV o ukFkZ&osLV Hkkx esa csVesaV gksus ls vR;f/kd v'kqHk ifj.kke gksaxsA mRrj dh nhokj ij jlksbZ dh LySc dk fuekZ.k gSA lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj o lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV Hkkx c< x;k gSA lh<+h o ikuh dh Vadh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA fuekZ.k esa iwoZ] mRrj vkSj ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr esa ck/kk,¡] dtsZ] >xM+s] eku&lEeku dh deh] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh] rhljh] pkSFkh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk Hkh laHko gSA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds iwoZ esa lM+d gS fdUrq ;g bZLV&ukFkZbZLV lM+d VDdj ds :i esa gS] blls fuoklh lq[kh] cqf}eku gksaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk edku ÅWapk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko

c<+s gq, Hkkx dks MkWV~sM ykbu }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 1-5 QhV mWaph nhokj [kM+h djds vyx dj nsaA ;fn bl Hkkx dks iz;ksx djuk vko';d gS rks bl nhokj dks ykWa?kdj iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA

1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A 3- lh<h+ d s otu dk s jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh njw h ij ,d

iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s+ dj ldr s gAaS

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp fn[kk, vuqlkj daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

lfs IVd VdaS igy s l s cuh gbq Z txg ij mfpr gAS bl s mRrj e as fn[kkb Z xb Z txg ij cukuk loJZ "s B gAS


cslesaV dks Hkjokdj iwjs edku esa Q'kZ dk ry lM+d ds cjkcj djsaA Q'kZ dk ry 2-5 QhV rd ÅWapk j[kuk vf/kd 'kqHk gSA

N

E

S

W

lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ dejk

dejkdejk

dejk

ikuh dk VSad vyekjh

Lvl.±0.0eq[; }kj

Lvl.+2'-0"

xSyjh

xyh

VkW;ysV

ckFk:e

ckFk:e

xEHkhj izHkko %nf{k.k] if'pe] lkmFk&osLV o ukFkZ&osLV Hkkx esa cslesaV cuh gS] ftlls ;g Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls fuokfl;ksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o cM+h larku esa cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh LoHkko] tsy tkuk] vkdfLed nq?kZVuk,a] e`R;q] dtsZ] >xM+s] fnokfy;k gksuk] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS mRrj dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll s jlkbs Z d s [kp Zs c<xas+ s o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj o lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku iq:"k gksus ij vf/kd o efgyk gksus ij de vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %mRrj] iwoZ o ukFkZ&bZLV esa [kqyk LFkku gS] ftlls fuekZ.k esa ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h o ikuh dh Vadh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj o LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&osLV Hkkx c<+k gqvk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA



VkW;ysVdh Nr

E

S

N

W

Vadh

[kqyk LFkku

Nr

xyh

N

E

S

W

csleasV

eq[; }kjxyh

ckFk:elsfIVd VSad

ckFk:e

jlksbZ

dejkdejk

cjkenk

ikuh dk VSad vyekjh

ry &8QhVry &8QhV

xSyjh

ry $2QhV

dejk

ry &8QhV

dejk

ry &8QhV

VkW;ysV

czãLFkku

mRrj esa vU; fuokl ls bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl gksus ls bl Hkou dh ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA ÅtkZ feyus ds dkj.k okLrq nks"kksa ds izHkkoksa esa deh vk,xhA

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&osLV Hkkx c<+k gqvk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½lkekU;

v'qkHklkekU;xyh

W

S

N

E

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.kÅWapk

fuekZ.k

edku


vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls jlksbZ dk [kpZ c<+sxk o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

lkekU; izHkko %lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o /ku dh deh gksxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %NTtk o pcwrjk iwoZ dh nhokj ij cuk gSA blls iq:"kksa esa CySM izs'kj o g`n; dh chekjh] LoHkko xqLlSy o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku dks xEHkhj chekjh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj l[r o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o lsfIVd VSad bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa gS] blls iq:"k chekj] Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku iq:"k gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N

W

E

lM+d

S

eafnj

cksfjax

dejk

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

pcwrjklsfIVd VSad

Nr dk NTtk

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh o LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj l[r gksxkA N

W

ElM+d

S

dejk

eqeVh

[kqyk LFkku



czãLFkku

czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] blds vkaf'kd izHkko gksaxsA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa eq[;}kj o lsfIVd VSad gSA NTtk o pcwrjk iwoZ dh nhokj ij cuk gSA lh<+h o jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA nf{k.k esa cksfjax gSA Nr ij mRrj dh nhokj ij eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku de gksxkA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k lq[kh jgsaxs o cqfa}eku gksaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

mRrj esa vU; fuokl ls bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl gksus ls bl Hkou dh ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xh HkhA ÅtkZ feyus ds dkj.k okLrq nks"kksa ds izHkkoksa esa deh vk,xhA

lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,aA igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eq[; }kj o cksfjax dks bZLV&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,aA igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj nhokj ls vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h o LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

pcwrjs dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

N

W

E

S

eafnj

dejk

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad Nr dk NTtk


N

W

E

lM+d

S

dejk

doj ,fj;k

Nr ¼ okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½

1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA


3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku ;k gYdh lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsa o bldk <+ky iwoZ dh vksj gh j[ksaA

4- Nr ds uhps nhokjsa [kM+h djuk vko';d ugha gSA dsoy Nr Mkyus ls gh nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

VkW;ysV igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ls rksM+dj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡ ftlls dejs dk njoktk lgh txg ij cu ldsA


fiyjfiyj

fiyjfiyj


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

czãLFkku ls nhokj dks fn[kk, vuqlkj gVkdj cuk,¡A


N

E

S

lM+d

W

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

lkekU;lkekU;

edku

lkekU;


lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

[kqyk LFkku

N S

W

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

QkbZcj 'khV

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

Vadh

N S

W

E

dejk

doj ,fj;k

xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj o lsfIVd VSad bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V e as g S o lh<h+ Hkh lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s l s lVh gAS blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj o dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr vkSj rhljh o lkroh larku dks leL;k,a jgsaxhA

lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N S

W

E

VkW;ysV

ykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

Nr dkNTtk

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

e[q ;}kj dk s bLZ V&ukFkbZ LZ V es a fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ks aA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax lsfIVd VSad

Nr dkNTtk

VkWM

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV mRrj dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh VkW;ysV dh Nr ij j[kh gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku de o LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa dksus ls u lVrs gq, j[ksaA

VkWMVkWaM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj dksuksa ls u lVrs gq, cuk,¡A


Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½

1- eqeVh o VkW;ysV nksuks dh Nr dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA


3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku ;k gYdh lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsa o bldk <+ky bZLV dh vksj gh j[ksaA

4- Nr ds uhps nhokjsa [kM+h djuk vko';d ugha gSA

QkbZcj 'khV

czãLFkku

jlksbZLySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj o lsfIVd VSad bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa gSA lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M o jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gSA NTtk iwoZ dh nhokj ij cuk gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVdj eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA VkW;ysV mRrj dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gS] blls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k lq[kh jgsaxs o cqfa}eku gksaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk o lq[kh jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

mRrj esa vU; fuokl ls bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; fuokl gksus ls bl Hkou dh ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xh HkhA ÅtkZ feyus ds dkj.k okLrq nks"kksa ds izHkkoksa esa deh vk,xhA


NTt s d s uhp s fn[kk, vulq kj nk s ;k pkj fiyj tehu l s 'k:q djr s g,q gj efa ty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM s+ dj as ftll s lHkh NTtk asdk otu fiyjk as ij vk tk,A ;k nhokj d scjkcj rd NTtk as dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas

fiyjfiyj

fiyjfiyjNTts dk otu fiyj ds Åij gh jguk pkfg,A

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

N S

W

ElM+d

[kky

h Iy

kWV

fuekZ.k

cjkcj

uhpk

fuekZ.k

v'kqHk

lkekU;'kqHk

edku


vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls jlksbZ dk [kpZ c<+sxk o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %dejs esa VkWaM mRrj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr vkSj rhljh lkroh larku dks leL;k,a jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj o lsfIVd VSad bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

jlkbs Z dk s fn[kkb Z xb Z txg e ascuk,A¡ ftll s vU; njokt s Hkh lgh txg ij cu ldAas

VkWaM dks dksukas ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,aA

lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,aA igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV es a cuk,¡A ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gS] ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj es a Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gS aA

e[q ; }kj dk s fn[kkb Z xb Z txg ij cuk,A¡ ndq ku d s fiNy snjokt s dk s lnoS cna u j[k]as vDlj i;z kxs djr s jguk t:jh gAS

lM+d

dejk

N

W

E

jlksbZ

eafnj

VkW;ysV

nqdku cjkenk

ykWchS

'kVj

Nr dkNTtk

cksfjax

VkWaM

lM+d

dejk

N S

W

E

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

VkWaM

VkW;ysV

nqdku

'kVj

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa bZaVsa j[kh gSaA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+ s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

N

Nr

200 kg wt.

[kqyhlhf<+;kWa

S

W

E

ikuh dh Vadh

100 kg wt.

10

0 k

g w

t. 4

0 k

g w

t.

b Z a V o V qdM + h dk s lkmFk&osLV esa j[ksaA ;g dksus ls de ls de 3 fQV nwj gksuh pkfg,A

lM+d

N

eqeVh

E

W

SVadh

xEHkhj izHkko %lkmFk&osLV dksus esa bZaVsa j[kh gksus ls ;g dksuk Hkj x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj ?kj ls ckgj


Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½ Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½

czãLFkku

lh<+h dks fn[kk, vuqlkj eqeVh cukdj doj djsaA ;g iwoZ dh nhokj ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj jgsA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa eq[;}kj o lsfIVd VSad gSA Vk¡M o jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&osLV dksus esa dqN otu j[kk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj dk eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks cqjh vknrsa o ?kj ls ckgj jguk laHko gSA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku d s iow Z e as lMd+ g]S bll s i:q "k l[q kh jgxas s o cfq }a eku gkxas As if'pe d s iMk+ ls dk edku cjkcj rd fuferZ g]S bll s dkbs Z iHz kko ugh a gkxs kA mRrj d s iMk+ ls dk edku Åp¡ k fuferZ g]S bll s /ku dh deh o efgyk, ¡ chekj jgxas hA nf{k.k d s iMk+ ls dk edku uhpk fuferZ g]S bll s efgykvk as dk vkRefo'okl de gkxs kA

mRrj esa vU; fuokl ls bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl gksus ls bl Hkou dh ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xh HkhA ÅtkZ feyus ds dkj.k okLrq nks"kksa ds izHkkoksa esa deh vk,xhA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU;

v'kqHkuhpk IykWV

fuekZ.k

ÅWapk

fuekZ.k

cjkcj

N S

W

E

lM+d

v'kqHk

edku


1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls ;g nks"k dkQh de gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks eqeVh dks nhokj ls de ls de 3 QhV dh nwjh ij fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,aA e q eV h dh ÅWapkbZ de ls de gksuh pkfg, vkSj Nr dks gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM bR;kfn ls gh doj djsaA blls nks"k dk izHkko vkaf'kd jg tk,xkA

3- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus ds fy, igys ls cuh gqbZ lh<+h] eqeVh o Vadh dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA ubZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks lkmFk&osLV esa dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj MkWV~sM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh cuk,¡A blls xzkmUM ¶yksj ds dejksa ds fuokfl;ksa ij v'kqHk izHkko ugha gksaxsA


2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<+h ds otu dks jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap dh nwjh ij ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA

cksfjax dks bZLV&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

N S

W

E lM+d

VkW;ysV

dejk dejk

dejk

jlksbZ

cjkenk

cksfjax

eafnj

eq[; }kj

Nr dk NTtk

bZaV] VqdM+h o ikuh dh Vadh dks lkmFk&osLV esa j[ksaA ;g dksus ls de ls de 3 fQV nwj gksuh pkfg,A

N S

W

ElM+d

eqeVh



Vadh

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gS o czãLFkku esa cksfjax gSA NTtk iwoZ dh nhokj ij cuk gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa dqN otu j[kk gS o eqeVh mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gSA bl Hkou esa iwjk ifjokj vkfFkZd] 'kkjhfjd o ekufld :i ls ijs'kku jgsxk] iq:"k larku u gksuk Hkh laHko gSA /ku dh deh o efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxh vkSj mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA igyh larku csVh gks rks fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k lq[kh jgsaxs o cqfa}eku gksaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA mRrj esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk o lq[kh jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ls bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ ugha feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl gksus ls bl Hkou dh ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA ÅtkZ u feyus ds dkj.k okLrq nks"kksa ds izHkko xaHkhj jgsaxsA

lkekU; izHkko %lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh gkfu] efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh o LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax czãLFkku esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o igyh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o iwjs oa'k dk uk'k laHko gSA

N S

W

E

lM+d

VkW;ysV

dejk dejk

dejk

VkW;ysV jlksbZ

eafnj

cjkenk

Nr dk NTtkeq[; }kj

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa b±V o VqdM+h j[kh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dk s vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls /ku dh gkfu] e f g y k , a c h e k j ] eku&lEeku esa deh o LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA

N S

W

E

lM+d

eqeVh

Nr

Vadh

200 KgWt.

tky



czãLFkku

cksfjax



fiyjfiyj

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

N

E

S

lM+d

[kkyhIykWV

W

ÅWapkfuekZ.k

ÅWapkfuekZ.k

'kqHk

'kqHk

edku


Vadh

N S

W

E

[kqykLFkku

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

dejk

Nr

N S

W

E

[kqykLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %iwoZ esa ckWyduh xksy gS ftlls bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dksuk dV x;k gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku cVs k gkus s ij vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa de ls de 3 bap rd daØhV o lfj;k dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa mRrj o iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<+h ds otu dks jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap txg NksM+dj LrEHk ;k iryh nhokj [kM+h dj ldrs gSaA

ckWyduh ds xksy Hkkx dks rksM+dj fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaAlM+d

dejk

dejk

N S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

[kqykLFkku

Nr dk NTtk

lsfIVd VSad

eq[; }kj

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh] mRrj o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] izxfr u gksuk o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s e as otu j[kk gAS bll s /ku dh deh] ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] igyh o pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

ikuh dh Vadh o otu dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj j[ksaA




1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA


3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku ;k gYdh lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA

4- ;fn dejs dh Nr daØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks QkbZcj 'khV ;k lhesUV dh pknj ls doj djsaA bldk <+ky iwoZ dh vksj gh j[ksaA

5- 'ksM ds uhps nhokjsa [kM+h djuk vko';d ugha gSA dsoy Nr Mkyus ls gh nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

[kqykLFkku

eq[; }kj

Nr dk NTtk

czãLFkku

dejk

lkekU; izHkko %lh<h+ mRrj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij iwoZ esa NTtk xksy gksus ls bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dksuk dV x;k gSA lh<h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA NTtk iwoZ dh nhokj ij cuk gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&bZLV dksus esa dqN otu j[kk gSA eqeVh ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA ?kj dk eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj chekj] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh o ifjokj dh izxfr esa ck/kk,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kku gksxhA




fiyjfiyj

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k lq[kh jgsaxs o cqfa}eku gksaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk o lq[kh jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

mRrj esa vU; fuokl ls bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ feysxhA nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl u gksus ls bl Hkou dh ÅtkZ dgha ugha tk,xhA ÅtkZ feyus ds dkj.k xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa ds izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd gks tk,¡xsA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½W

[kkyhIykWVN

E

S

lM+d

uhpk fuekZ.k

[kkyhIykWV

v'kqHk

edku

'kqHk

v'kqHk


xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax iwoZ esa lkmFk&bZLV dh rjQ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dk sV Z&dsl] i z'k klfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lsfIVd VSad bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa gSA blls iq:"k chekj] Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM ukFkZ&osLV o dksus ls lVh gSA blls ekufld fpUrk,a] dtsZ] >xM+s] rhljh] o lkroha larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

cksfjax dks bZLV&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,aA igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

VkWaM dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lM+d

dejk dejk

N

W

E

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

VkW;ysV

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkWM

eq[; }kj

S

Nr dkNTtk

lM+d

dejk dejk

N S

W

E

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

Nr dk NTtk

VkW;ysV

VkWMVkWM

lsfIVd VSadeq[; }kj

lM+d

N S

W

E

VkW;ysV

Nr

eqeVh

Vadh

lM+d

N

W

E

NrS

eqeVh

Vadh

xEHkhj izHkko %Vk W;ysV dk fuek Z.k lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

1- VkW;ysV dh dsoy Nr fudkyus ls nks"k dk izHkko dkQh de gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn VkW;ysV dh Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks igys ls cus gq, VkW;ysV dks rksM+dj gVk nsa] u;k VkW;ysV MkWVsM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,¡A



czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA iwoZ esa lkmFk&bZLV dh rjQ cksfjax gSA iwoZ dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


lsfIVd VSad


fiyjfiyj

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k lq[kh jgsaxs o cqfa}eku gksaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk o lq[kh jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa [kkyh IykWV gS blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

mRrj esa vU; fuokl ls bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq if'pe esa vU; fuokl gksus ls bl Hkou dh ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xh HkhA ÅtkZ feyus ds dkj.k okLrq nks"kksa ds izHkkoksa esa deh vk,xhA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


[kkyh IykWVN

E

S

lM+d

WlkekU;

cjkcjfuekZ.k

v'kqHk

edkuuhpk

fuekZ.k

'kqHk


W

SN

lM+d E

ckWyduh

Nr

ikuh dh Vadh

eqeVh

W

SN

lM+d E

eqeVh

ckWyduh VkW;ysV

Nr

NTtk

Vadh

NTtk

lkekU; izHkko %lh<h+ ukFk&Z ukFkbZ LZ V dh nhokj o ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s l slVh gAS bll s ?kj d s deku soky s lnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku e asdeh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku cVs h gkus s ij vf/kd o cVs k gkus s ij de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj o iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

2- lh<+h ds otu dks jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap dh txg NksM+dj LrEHk ;k ,d iryh nhokj [kM+h dj ldrs gSaA

vkaf'kd izHkko %iwoZ esa lM+d gS o edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gSA okLrq esa lM+d dks Hkh edku dk gh Hkkx ekuk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ iwoZ Hkkx ÅWapk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] c qjh vknrs a ] eku&lEeku esa deh] Hk; yxuk] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

cslesaV dks Hkjokdj iwjs edku esa Q'kZ dk ry lM+d ds cjkcj djsaA Q'kZ dk ry 2-5 QhV rd ÅWapk j[kuk vf/kd 'kqHk gSA

W

SN

lM+d E

lsfIVdVSad

eafnj

dejk

dejk dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV ykWch

LVksj

cksfjax

eq[; }kj

cslesaV

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

1- eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVkus ls nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn eqeVh j[kuh vko';d gS rks bls nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV dh nwjh ij fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A eqeVh dh ÅWapkbZ de ls de gksuh pkfg, o Nr dks gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM bR;kfn ls doj djsaA blls bl nks"k dk izHkko vkaf'kd jg tk,xkA

4- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus ds fy, cuh gqbZ lh<+h] eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

5- ubZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks lkmFk&osLV esa dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj MkWVsM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh cuk,¡A

xEHkhj izHkko %lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

ikuh dh Vadh dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj j[ksaA

vyekjh



Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½1- VkW;ysV dh Nr rksM+dj fudky nsaA blls nks"k dk izHkko dkQh de gks tk,xkA2- ;fn VkW;ysV dh Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks igys ls cus gq, VkW;ysV dks rksM+dj gVk

nsa] u;k VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus ls de ls de de ls de 3 fQV dh nwj MkWVsM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh cuk,¡A

czãLFkku

Nr dkNTtk

lsfIVdVSad

W

SN

lM+d E

eafnj

dejk

dejk dejk

jlksbZykWch

LVksj

cksfjax

tky

eq[; }kj

vyekjh

VkW;ysV

cslesaV

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % Hkou ds ijw s Hkkx e as cls eVas g]S cls eVas e as tku s d s fy, e[q ;}kj o lhf<;+ k ¡ ukFk&Z bLZ V l s gkus s d s dkj.k nk"s k dk iHz kko db Z xuq k c< + tk,xkA xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s o ukFk&Z ukFkbZ LZ V dh nhokj l s lVdj lh<h+ dk fuek.Z k gAS Nr ij lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s e as Vk;W yVs dk fuek.Z k gAS eeq Vh ukFk&Z ukFkbZ LZ V dh nhokj l s lVh g S o ikuh dh Vda h bldh Nr ij j[kh g]S bll s nk"s k dk iHz kko db Z xuq k c< + tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ chekj] xHkiZ kr] i:q "k lra ku u gkus k] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk, ¡ o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA ?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as eku&lEeku e as deh] vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA igyh lra ku cVs h gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs k gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh gkxs hA



fiyjfiyj

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k lq[kh jgsaxs o cqfa}eku gksaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA mRrj esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk o lq[kh jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ls bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ ugha feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; fuokl gksus ls bl Hkou dh ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA ÅtkZ u feyus ds dkj.k okLrq nks"kksa ds izHkko xaHkhj jgsaxsA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


[kkyh IykWVN

E

S

lM+d

W

'kqHk

ÅWapkfuekZ.k

[kkyh IykWV

'kqHk

edku

v'kqHk


mRrj Qsflax Hkouksa ds uD'kss

j

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj esa v'kkfUr o ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s gksaxsA

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj o ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dk sV Z&d sl] i z' k klfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %Vk;W yVs ukFk&Z oLs V dkus s l s lVk gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

1-[kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA

2-doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls doj dj djsaA 'ksM dk <+ky ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ gh gksuk pkfg,A

xEHkhj izHkko %fuekZ.k esa iwoZ] mRrj o ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx dVk gvq k gAS bll s /ku dh deh] ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] i:q "k o efgykvk as dk LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ ] eku& lEeku e asdeh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk svf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA




Vadh

N

EW

dejk

eqeVh

S

doj ,fj;k

VkW;ysVlM+d

N

EW

tky

VkW;ysV

Nr¼[kqyk LFkku½

Vadh

S

eqeVh

dejk

W

N

E

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

ykWch

dejk dejk

jlksbZ

lM+d

Nr dk NTtkeq[; }kjcksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

S

czãLFkku

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxh o cqf}eku gksaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gS vkSj lh<+h Hkh ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA NTtk mRrj dh nhokj ij cuk gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA fuekZ.k esa ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxk] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku o ifjokj dh ixz fr u gkus k lHa ko gAS igyh o pkFS kh lra ku dk s leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA rhljh o lkroh a lra ku cVs h gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs k gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

c k s f j a x d k s ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gh gksuk pkfg,A bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ml ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

N


S

EW

VkW;ysV

ykWch

dejk dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

dejk

lM+dNr dk NTtk

eq[; }kj

lsfIVd VSad

cksfjax

[kqyk LFkkujlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds

chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

xEHkhj izHkko %NTtk mRrj dh nhokj ij cuk gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA


fiyjfiyj

fiyjfiyj


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

lkekU;

S

ÅWapk fuekZ.k

v'kqHk

N

W EÅ¡pkfuekZ.k

cjkcj fuekZ.k

lM+d

Hkou

84,d rjQ lM+d mRrj Qsflax Hkou

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gS o bl Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj Hkh yx jgh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N

W E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d

VDdj

N

W

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

eafnj

E

cksfjax

jlksbZ

lM+d

VDdj

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gk suk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

edku ds ftrus Hkkx esa VDdj yx jgh gS mlds lkeus fn[kk, vuqlkj nks nhokjsa [kM+h djsaA nhokjsa de ls de 4-5 bap eksVh o 8 QhV ÅWaph gksuh pkfg,A buds chp de ls de 4 bap dh [kkyh txg gksuh t:jh gSA bu nhokjksa vkSj eq[; nhokj ds chp pyus ;ksX; txg vo'; NksM+saA

nhokj dh Å¡pkbZ 8 QhV o eksVkbZ 4-5 bap

eq[; nhokj

eq[; n

hokj

4 bap

eq[; n

hokj

[kqyk LFkku [kqyk LFkku

eq[; }kj o cksfjax dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

v'kqHk lM+d VDdj ds mik; dks le>us ds fy, ;g fp= ns[ksaA

N

W E

lM+d

S

jlksbZ

dejk


vkaf'kd izHkko %Nr ij fuekZ.k esa ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk dV x;k gS fdUrq Nr pkSjl gS blfy, fuekZ.k esa dksuk dVus ds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku ;k gYdh lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA

3- 'ksM dk <+ky mRrj dh vksj gh j[ksaA


xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½

N

W E

lM+d

S

jlksbZ

dejk

doj ,fj;k

czãLFkku

nhokj [kqyk LFkku

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxh o cqf}eku gksaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gS vkSj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj Hkh yx jgh gSA lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] /ku dh deh] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku o ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


S

cjkcjfuekZ.k

'kqHklkekU;

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

N

E

lM+d

W Hkou

lkekU;



vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM o vyekjh iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iq:"k chekj] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ lra ku u gkus k o xHkiZ kr gkus k lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj mRrj esa ukFkZ&osLV dh rjQ gS] blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh o LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj l[r gksxkA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa FkksM+s >xM+s jgsaxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMW o vyekjh bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj o lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll sefgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs k gkus s ij ml s leL;k, ¡ jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %ikuh dh Vadh iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr Hkh laHko gSA

E

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W

lM+d

S

N

E

ikfdZax

dejk u- 1

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk u- 2

dejk u- 3

vyekjhvyekjh

VkWMVkWM

[kqykLFkku

czãLFkku

vkaf'kd izHkko %iwjs edku ds fy, eqeVh lgh txg ij gS xzkmUM ¶yksj ij dejk ua0 1 dk iz;ksx djus okys O;fDr dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj mRrj esa ukFkZ&osLV dh rjQ gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc o Vk¡M iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA NTtk mRrj dh nhokj ij cuk gSA Nr ij ikuh dh Vadh iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxk] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA iq:"kksa dks gYdh chekjh o eku&lEeku esa deh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


VadhW

lM+d N

Vadh

eqeVh

Nr

S

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxh o cqf}eku gksaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk gksaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,x HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA




eq[; }kj dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

jlksbZ o VkW;ysV dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡] ftlls vU; njokts lgh txg ij cu ldsaaA

VkWaM o vyekjh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

ikuh dh V adh dk s lkmFk&osLV esa dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

eqeVh ls ysdj dejk ua0 1 dh ihNs dh nhokj rd 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA doj djus ds fy, eqeVh dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

W

lM+d

S

N

E

ikfdZax

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV [kqykLFkku

VkWMVkWM

vyekjh

vyekjh

dejk u- 1

dejk u- 2

dejk u- 3

W

lM+d

N

E

eqeVh

Nr

Vadh

Vadh

doj ,fj;k

S


fiyjfiyj

fiyjfiyj


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

uhpkfuekZ.k

N

E

S

lM+d

W

'kqHk

Hkou

'kqHk

'kqHk



2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa mRrj vkSj iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap nwj ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

dejk

dejk

N

S

W EjlksbZ

lM+dlsfIVd VSad

tky

VkW;ysVvyekjh

vyekjh

vyekjh

xEHkhj izHkko %NTts dk ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk xksy gS] ftlls ;g dksuk dV x;k gS vkSj eqeVh Hkh u k F k Z &b Z LV dk s u s o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N

W E

lM+d

tky Nr

eqeVh

Nr dk NTtk 1- eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVkus ls nks"k

nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn eqeVh j[kuh vko';d gS bls dksus dh nksuks nhokjksa ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A eqeVh dh Å¡pkbZ de ls de j[ksa vkSj bls gYdh lkexh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls gh doj djsaA blls nks"k dk izHkko vkaf'kd jg tk,xkA

4- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus ds fy, igys ls cuh gqbZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

5- ubZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks MkWVs~M ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A ;g fuekZ.k dksuksa ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj gksuk pkfg,A

N

W Etky Nr

eqeVh



okLrq nks"kks a dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lsfIVd ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA NTts dk ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk dV x;k gSA eq[;}kj ukFkZ&bZLV esa 'kqHk gS] blls v'kqHk ifj.kkeksa esa deh gksxhA NTtk mRrj dh nhokj ij cuk gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&bZLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA NTts dk ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr, fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


SS

xEHkhj izHkko %NTts dk ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk xksy gS o lh<+h Hkh ukF k Z&b ZLV dk su s o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

dejk ua-2

dejk ua-1

N

S

W EjlksbZ

lM+d Nr dkNTtk

lsfIVd VSad

tky

VkW;ysV

vyekjh

vyekjh

vyekjh

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxh o cqf}eku gksaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA




fiyjfiyj

fiyjfiyj


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU;

N

S

W E

lM+d

cjkcj

fuekZ.k

cjkcj

fuekZ.k

lkekU;

lkekU;

Hkou

cjkcj

fuekZ.k


S

xEHkhj izHkko %pcwrjk o ikuh dh Vadh iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh ] H k; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

N

W E

S

lM+d

Nr

3 QhV Å¡pkpcwrjk

pcwrjk o ikuh dh Vadh dks lkmFk&osLV esa dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

Nr

Vadh

N

W E

lM+d

S

Vadh



vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa FkksM+s >xM+s gksaxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h mÙkj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj ] ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N

W E

LksfIVd VSadlM+d

dejk ua- 1

S

eafnj

dejk ua- 2

jlksbZ

YkkWch CkkWFk#e

vyekjh

VkW;ysV

czãLFkku

eq[; }kj dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

jlksbZ o ckFk:e dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A ftlls vU; njokts lgh txg ij cu ldsaA

N

W E

lM+d

eafnj

YkkWch

VkW;ysV

vyekjh


2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa mRrj vkSj iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


jlksbZ

CkkWFk#e

LksfIVd VSad

dejk ua- 1

dejk ua- 2

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[; }kj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA lh<+h Hkh mRrj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij ikuh dh Vadh iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] /ku dh deh o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj o ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxh o cqf}eku gksaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


3 QhV Å¡pkpcwrjk

vfr'kqHk

lM+d

+Å¡pkfuekZ.k

N

E

S

W +Å¡pkfuekZ.k

+Å¡pkfuekZ.k

v'kqHk

vfr'kqHk

Hkou


xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

1- Vk;W yVs o ckFk:e nkus k s dh Nr dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas

2- [kyq s g,q Hkkx dk s 'kMs }kjk fn[kk, vulq kj doj djAas

3- doj dju s d s dej s dh Nr d s fuek.Z k e as i;z kxs dh xb Zlkexhz d s leku ;k gYdh lkexhz dk i;z kxs djAas

4- 'ksM dk <+ky mRrj dh vksj gh j[ksaA

ikuh dh Vadh dks lkmFk&osLV esa dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

cksfjax dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk pkfg,A



N

W E

lM+d

S

dejk

dejk

lsfIVd VSad

cksfjax

xsagw j[kusdh Vadh

e q[; }kj

N

W E

lM+d

S

dejk

eqeVh

ckFk:e

VkW;ysV

[kqyk LFkku

Vadh

cjkenk

N

W E

lM+d

dejk

dejk

lsfIVd VSad

cksfjax

xsagw j[kusdh Vadh

eq[; }kj

S

czãLFkku

N

WE

lM+d

S

dejk

eqeVh

Vadh

doj ,fj;k

cjkenk

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA



okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxh o cqf}eku gksaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; fuokl gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

E

S

lM+d

W [kkyhIykWV

uhpkfuekZ.k

uhpkfuekZ.k

v'kqHk

Hkou

v'kqHk 'kqHk


vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj esa v'kkfUr o ifr&iRuh esa FkksM+s >xM+s jgsaxsA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N

S

E

lM+d

nqdku

jlksbZ

Nr dk NTtk

eafnj

'kVj

dejk VkWMvyekjh

VkW;ysV

cjkenkW

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkM¡ o vyekjh bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj o lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s l s lVh gAS blls efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVk gS o Vadh Hkh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Vadh

N

E

lM+d

W

VkW;ysV dh Nr

[kqyk LFkku

doj lh<+h

dejk

cksfjax

jlksbZ



czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %jlksbZ iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax gSA Vk¡M o jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA NTts dk fuekZ.k mRrj dh nhokj ij gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&bZLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh Hkh blds Åij j[kh gS] blls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA jlksbZ dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd vkSj csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

S

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxh o cqf}eku gksaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA



jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp 3 bap rd daØhV o lfj;k dkVdj bls nhokj ls vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

vyekjh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

cksfjax o eq[;}kj dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ txg ij cuk,¡aaA igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

VkWaM dks nf{k.k dh nhokj ds lkFk dksuksa ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

N

S

E

lM+d

jlksbZ

eafnjdejkv

yekjh

ykWchW

VkWaM

Nr dk NTtk

cksfjax

N

E

lM+d

W

doj ,fj;k

doj ,fj;k

1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsaA2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA3- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls

gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls doj djsaA 'ksM dk <+ky mÙkj dh rjQ gh j[ksaA

jlksbZ



nqdku

'kVjVkW;ysV


3- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

4- ;fn dejs dh Nr daØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks daØhV ls gh doj djsaA


S

Vadh

dejk


fiyjfiyj

fiyjNTts dk otu fiyj ds Åij gh jguk pkfg,Afiyj

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

uhpkfuekZ.k

N

E

S

W

lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

ÅWapkfuekZ.k

'kqHk

Hkou

lkekU;


jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp 3 bap rd daØhV o lfj;k dkVdj bls nhokj ls vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

VkWaM dks if'pe ;k nf{k.k dh nhokj ds lkFk dksuksa ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lh<h+ vkjS nhokj d s chp e as dØa hV vkjS lfj;k de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj nhokj l s vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ mRrj dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

cksfjax dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSAlM+d

dejk

N

S

W E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjaxlsfIVd VSadeq[; }kj

VkWaM

VkWaM

1- Vk;W yVs dh Nr dk s fudkyu sl s ;g nk"s k njw gk s tk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d g SVk;W yVs dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAa s

3- u;k Vk;W yVs nf{k.k ;k if'pe dh nhokj d s lkFk MkVW Ms ~ ykbuZ }kjk fn[kkb Z xb Ztxg e a s cuk,Aa

4- ;g fuek.Z k dkus s l s de l sde 3 fQV njw gkus k pkfg,A

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

N

S

W E

otu dks lkmFk&osLV esa dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA



okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFk&Z ukFkoZ Ls V e as ckfs jxa g S o lh<h+ Hkh ukFk&Z oLs V dkus s l s lVh gAS VkM¡ o jlkbs Z dh LycS iow Z dh nhokj l s lVh gAS cãz eLFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k gAS Nr ij ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s e as Vk;W yVs dk fuek.Z k g S o lkmFk&oLs V dkus s e as dNq otu j[kk gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ vf/kd chekj] i:q "kk as dk LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ o xLq lyS ] ?kj d s efq [k;k o deku s oky s lnL; ij's kku] /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA igyh o pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA rhljh o lkroh a lra ku cVs h gkus s ij ml s vf/kd vkjS cVs k gkus s ij ml s de leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gS o lh<+h Hkh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksb Z dh LySc iwo Z] bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa FkksM+s >xM+s o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ laHko gSA

lM+d

dejk

N

S

W E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

eq[; }kj

ykWch

cksfjax

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

eqeVh

N

S

W E

VkW;ysV

xEHkhj izHkko %lkmFk&osLV dksus esa otu j[kk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

Vadh



czãLFkku

czãLFkku esa dejs dh nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] blds v'kqHk izHkko gksaxsA

Nr

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxh o cqf}eku gksaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA iwoZ esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh LFkku gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

iwoZ o mRrj esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ ugha feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; fuokl gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko xaHkhj jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

nhokj dks fn[kk, vuqlkj czãLFkku ls gVkdj cuk,¡A


'kqHk

N

S

W E

lM+d

[kkyh IykWV

fuekZ.kcjkcj

uhpk [ksr Hko

u

lkekU;

v'kqHk


lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj ds e/; esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eqeVh dk fuekZ.k xzkmUM ¶yksj ds dejs dh mRrj dh nhokj ij gSA blls dejs dk iz;ksx djus okys O;fDr;ksa dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA


xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W

S

N

E

Nr dkNTtk

nqdku

dejk

xSyjhVkW;ysV

cksfjaxlsfIVd VSad lM+d

'kVj

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

W

S

E

Nr dkNTtk

nqdku

dejk

xSyjhVkW;ysV

cksfjaxlsfIVd VSadNlM+d

eq[; }kj

eqeVh ls ysdj ihNs dh rd 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA doj djus ds fy, eqeVh dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA /;ku jgs fd ;g dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj gksA



okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS o nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl ds edku Å¡pk fufeZr gSa] blls iq#"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA Nr ij eqeVh dk fuekZ.k dejs dh mRrj dh nhokj ij gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd vkSj csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

VadhW

NlM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

E

Nr

S

VadhW

N

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

E

Nr

doj ,fj;k

S



fiyjfiyj

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



'kqHk v'kqHk

ÅWapkfuekZ.k

N

E

S

W

lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

ÅWapkfuekZ.k Hko

u

lkekU;


lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj nhokj ls vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

jlkbs Z dh LycS o nhokj d s chp 3 bpa rd daØhV o lfj;k dkVdj bl snhokj l s vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky e asLycS iow Z dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk pkfg,A ;g ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gSA bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS vkSj Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

eq[;}kj dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA fudkl ds fy, ,d nwljk njoktk nqdku ls vUnj dh rjQ cuk,a o bls vDlj iz;ksx djuk t:jh gSA

N


2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh gksuk pkfg,A



lM+d

dejk

S

W EVkW;ysV

nqdku

jlksbZykWch

vyekjh

'kVj

eafnj

lM+dN

W EVkW;ysV

eqeVh

Vadh

doj ,fj;k

dejk

S

Vadh

Vadhdejk

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa eq[;}kj gS o lh<+h Hkh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA ukFkZ&bZLV dksus esa nqdku ls ?kj ds vanj vkus ds fy, dksbZ njoktk ugha gS] ftlls ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij dejk] VkW;ysV o ikuh dh Vadh iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVs gSaA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd vkSj csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

ikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS iow Z dh nhokj l s lVh gbq ZgAS bll s ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr vkjS ifr&iRuh e as FkkMs s+ >xM s+ jgxas As

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gS o lh<+h Hkh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh alra ku cVs h gkus s ij ml s vf/kd o cVs k gkus s ij ml s de vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

N

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk] VkW;ysV o ikuh dh Vadh iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA



lM+d

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

N

W EVkW;ysVVadh

VadhVadh

eqeVh

[kqyk LFkku

dejk

S

nhokj dk fuek.Z k cãz LFkku e as gAS bld sv'kHq k iHz kko jgxas As

lM+d

dejk

W EVkW;ysV

nqdku

jlksbZykWch

'kVj

eafnj

S

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFk&Z bLZ V esa nqdku gS] nqdku ls edku ds vanj vkus ds fy, dksbZ }kj ugha gS ftlls fuekZ.k esa ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA bll s ?kj d s deku s oky s lnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku e as deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxh o cqf}eku gksaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA iwoZ esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

iwoZ o mRrj esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks okLrq ÅtkZ ugha feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko xaHkhj jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

jlkbs Z o Vk;W yVs dk s fn[kk, vulq kj NkVs k dj as o cãz LFkku l s nhokj dk s gVk nAas

czãLFkku

N

S

W E

lM+d

[kkyh IykWV

fuekZ.kuhpk

uhpk fuekZ.k

v'kqHk

Hkou

'kqHkv'kqHk


nf{k.k Qsflax Hkouksa ds uD'kss

j

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k chekj jgsaxs if'pe ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa cksfjax gSA Nr ij dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx Å¡pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA fuekZ.k esa lkmFk&osLV Hkkx dV x;k gSA jlksbZ iwoZ dh nhokj ij cuh gSA bl Hkou esa /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij vf/kd o csVh gksus ij de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq if'pe esa vU; fuokl gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA



'kqHk izHkko %Hkou ds lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS] ;g 'kqHk gS] blls v'kqHk ifj.kkeksa esa deh gksxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk, ¡ ] dk sV Z&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %fuekZ.k esa lkmFk&osLV dksuk dV x;k gS fdUrq Nr pkSjl gSA blfy, dksuk dVus ds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k ] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr as o ?kj l s ckgj jguk lHa ko gAS

W

xEHkhj izHkko %jlksbZ iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

N

WE

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d V

Ddj

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx Å¡pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] ekufld v'kkfUr o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

E

lM+d

S

Nr dk NTtk

jlksbZ

dejk

x

x

N


cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eafnj dks lkmFkosLV esa j[kuk loZJs"B gS] ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

N

W

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

eafnj

E

cksfjaxjlksbZ

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d V

Ddj

eq[; }kj





WE

lM+d

S

Nr dk NTtk

jlksbZ

dejk

doj ,fj;k

N

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

94,d rjQ lM+d nf{k.k Qsflax Hkou


N

E

SlM+d

W

cjkcjfuekZ.k

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

v'kqHk lkekU;

lkekU;

Hkou



W

lM+dS

N

E

VkW;ysV

ikfdZax

dejk ua-0 1

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk ua-0 2

dejk ua-0 3

vyekjhVkWM

[kqykLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls eq[; efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] ekufld v'kkfUr o LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA cksfjax

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dk sV Z&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA vyekjh

Nr dkNTtk

ikuh dhVadh

W

lM+d

S

N

E

tky

eqeVh

Nr

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh lkmFkbZLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ? kVu k, ¡ ] d k s V Z&d sl ] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku

eq[; }kj



W

lM+d

S

N

E

VkW;ysV

ikfdZax

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

vyekjhvyekjhVkWM

[kqykLFkku

cksfjax

cksfjax dks bZLV&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

W

lM+d

S

N

E

tky

eqeVh

Nr

ikuh dhVadh

eqeVh dks iwoZ dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

eq[; }kj

dejk ua-0 1

dejk ua-0 2

dejk ua-0 3

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij nf{k.k esa lsfIVd VSad gSA bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa cksfjax gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] /ku dh deh] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij vf/kd o csVh gksus ij de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq if'pe esa vU; fuokl gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



lkekU;

N

E

S

W

lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

Hkou

v'kqHk

lkekU;

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ckfs jxa lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V e as gAS lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s o iow Z dh nhokj l s lVh gAS ukFk&Z bLZ V e as [kyq k LFkku gkus s l s fuek.Z k e as ;g dkus k dV x;k gAS NTtk xkys gkus s l s lkmFk&lkmFkoLs V dkus k dV x;k gAS Nr ij eeq Vh lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s o bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh g S o ikuh dh Vda h bldh Nr ij j[kh gAS dej s d sfuek.Z k l s mRrj Hkkx Åp¡ k o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gk s x;k gAS bl Hkou e as efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk efq [k;k o deku s oky s lnL; ij's kku jgxas As dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, a o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku cVs h gkus s ij ml s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA




2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<+h ds otu dks jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap nwj ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA

[kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA doj djus ds fy, gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj 'khV ;k Vhu 'ksM dk iz;ksx djsaA

cksfjax dks ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡ o igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can dj nsaA

NTts ds xksy Hkkx dks rksM+dj fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaA



4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku jguk t:jh gSA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

WE

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

Nr dk NTtk

cksfjax

ikuh dh V adh dk s lkmFk&osLV esa dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

dejk

Vadh

S

WEdoj ,fj;k

lM+d

eqeVh

N



xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV esa gS o lh<+h Hkh lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %ukFkZ&bZZLV esa [kqyk LFkku gS] ftlls fuekZ.k esa ;g dksuk dV x;k gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %NTtk xksy gksus ls lkmFk&lkmFkosLV dksuk dV x;k gSA blls eq[; efgyk chekj] LoHkko T;knk fpM+fpM+k vkSj l[r] >xM+s] ,DlhMsaV o igyh vkSj ik¡poha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %e qeVh lkmFkb Z LV dk su s o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

WE

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax

[kqykLFkku

Nr dk NTtk

czãLFkku

SlM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

dejk

Nr¼[kqyk LFkku½

WE

[kqykLFkku

N


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mRrj esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl u gksus ls ÅtkZ dgha ugha tk,xhA bl Hkou esa xaHkhj nks"kksa dk izHkko vkaf'kd gks tk,xkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



N

S

WE

lM+d

uhpk fuekZ.k

v'kqHk

[kkyhIykWV

'kqHk

Hkou

[kkyhIykWV

'kqHk

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA vyekjh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gSA dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx Å¡pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA


VkWaM o vyekjh dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

E

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

vyekjh

lsfIVd VSad

ckFk:e

S

W

VkW;ysV lh<+h ds uhps gSA

Nr dk NTtk

VkWaM

eq[; }kj


2- doj djus ds fy, dejs ds Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA


4- iwjh eafty dejksa lfgr cukuk vko';d ugha gSA dsoy Nr Mkyus ls gh nks"k nwj gks ldrk gSA

S

E

eqeVh

W

VkW;ysV

VadhVadh

lM+d

doj ,fj;k

xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼lek/kku ds ckn½

dejk

N



vkaf'kd izHkko %cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA blls eq[; efgyk o L=h larku chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o l[r vkSj ekufld fpUrk,a jgsaxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM o vyekjh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] >xM+s] dtsZ] ekufld fpUrk,¡] o rhljh vkSj lkroh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad lkmFk &lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls efgyk chekj ] LoHkko fpM+fPkM+k vkSj l[r ] >xM+s o ?kj ds eqf[k;k o igyh larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

WE

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax Nr dk NTtk

VkW;ysV lh<+h

ds uhps gSAVkWM

vyekjh

lsfIVd VSad

ckFk:e

eq[; }kj

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj o ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

lM+d

S

WE

VkW;ysV

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

xeys

eqeVh

Vadh Vadh

czãLFkku

N


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxhA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq if'pe esa vU; fuokl gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA bl Hkou esa xaHkhj nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



N

S

WE

lM+d

fuekZ.kÅWapk

fuekZ.kcjkcj

fuekZ.kcjkcj

lkekU;

v'kqHk

lkekU;

Hkou


xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k lkmFkosLV dksus esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA


xEHkhj izHkko %ckFk:e lkmFk&bZLV dksus o jlksbZ bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa FkksM+s >xM+s o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

N

S

WE

VkW;ysVckFk:e

jlksbZ

tky

Vadh

eqeVh


1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dkss 'ksM~ }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA 2- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ

lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gksuk t:jh gSA

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp fn[kk, vuqlkj daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

lM+d

N

S

WE

doj ,fj;k

eqeVhjlksbZVadh

VkW;ysVckFk:e

dejk


lM+d

dejk

dejk

jlksbZ

S

WE

lsfIVd VSadNr dk

NTtk

vyekjh

vyekjh

VkWM

tky

cksfjax

eq[; }kj

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] >xM+s] dtsZ] ekufld fpUrk,¡] o rhljh vkSj lkroh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA blls eq[; efgyk o L=h larku chekj jgsaxh vkSj mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o l[r gksxkA

N

czãLFkku

VkW;ysV


eafnj lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk pkfg,A Hkxoku dks gesa viuh lcls fiz; pht vfiZr djuh pkfg,] lkmFk&osLV ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gS] bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

eq[; }kj

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

WE lsfIVd VSad

vyekjh

vyekjh

VkWM

cksfjax

Nr dk

NTtk

tky

VkWaM dks nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gSA ckFk:e lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVk gSA jlksbZ iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx Å¡pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

S

WE

lM+d

uhpk fuekZ.k

'kqHk

v'kqHk

uhpk fuekZ.k

uhpk fuekZ.k

Hkou

'kqHk


xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k lkmFkosLV dksus esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

N

WE

lM+d

S

eqeVh

ckWyduh VkW;ysV

Nr

Vadh

NTtk



lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

vyekjh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

N

WE

lM+d

S

eafnj

jlksbZykWch

LVksj

vyekjh

cksfjax

eq[; }kjNr dkNTtk

VkW;ysV

lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, blds uhps iwoZ dh eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap nwj fiyj ;k iryh nhokj [kM+h dj ldrs gSaA

N

WE

lM+d

S

Nr

ikuh dh Vadh

1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks fudkyus ls ;g nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks cus gq, VkW;ysV dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

3- u;k VkW;ysV 'ksM }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh cuk,¡A


eqeVh

1- eqeVh dh Nr dks fudkyus ls nks"k de gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS bls dksus dh nksuks nhokjksa ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk ldrs gSa fdUrq blls dejk ua-0 1 dk iz;ksx djus okys O;fDr dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

4- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus ds fy, eqeVh ls ysdj if'pe dh nhokj rd 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA doj djus ds fy, eqeVh dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

dejk ua0 1

dejk ua0 3

dejk ua0 2

doj ,fj;k

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax iwoZ esa lkmFk&bZLV dh rjQ gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dksus o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA vyekjh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gSA eqeVh bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] dksVZ&dsl] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj dk eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dksus o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs k gk s rk s ml s vf/kd o cVs h gk s rk s ml s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %vyekjh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] >xM+s] dtsZ] ekufld fpUrk,¡ o rhljh vkSj lkroh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA N

WE

lM+dNr dkNTtk

S

lsfIVdVSad

eafnj

dejk ua0 1

dejk ua0 3 dejk ua0 2

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

ykWch

LVksj

vyekjh

cksfjax

eq[; }kj

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax iwoZ esa lkmFk&bZLV dh rjQ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks x E H k h j c h e k j h ] H k ; ] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dk s V Z&d sl ] i z ' k kl fud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mRrj esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl u gksus ls ÅtkZ dgha ugha tk,xhA bl Hkou esa xaHkhj nks"kksa dk izHkko vkaf'kd gks tk,xkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

E

S

lM+d

WÅWapkfuekZ.k

[kkyhIykWV

[kkyhIykWV

cUnlM+d

'kqHk

v'kqHk v'kqHk

Hkou


xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½ Nr

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gS o NTts dk lkmFk&osLV dksuk xksy gSA blls efgyk chekj] LoHkko T;knk fpM+fpM+k vkSj l[r] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o igyh larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %vUMjxzkmUM okWVj VSad lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV esa gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o llqjky ls ijs'kku jgsaxsA

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

jlksbZ dks igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ls gVkdj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A ftlls vU; njokts lgh txg ij cu ldsaA

lM+d

S

WE lsfIVd VSad

Nr dk NTtk

cksfjax

NTts ds xksy Hkkx dks fn[kk, vuqlkj pkSjl djsaA

eq[; }kj

lM+d

ykWch

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

S

WE

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSadvUMjxzkmUMokVj VSad

VkWM

cksfjax

eq[; }kj

Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA

lM+d

eqeVh Nr

S

WEtky Vadh

Vadh

czãLFkku

N

jlksbZ

jlksbZ

ykWch

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij vUMjxkz mUM okVW j VdaS lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V e as gAS lfs IVd VdaS lkmFk&lkmFkoLs V e as g S o NTt s dk lkmFk&oLs V dkus k dVk gvq k gAS jlkbs Z dh LycS iow Z dh nhokj l s lVh gAS VkM¡ ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s o bLZ V&ukFkbZ LZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS ckfs jxa ukFk&Z oLs V e as gAS Nr ij fuek.Z k e as dkbs Z okLr q nk"s k ugh a gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ vf/kd chekj] i:q "kk as dk s gYdh chekjh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkus k] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs h gk s rk sml s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA ?kj dk efq [k;k] e[q ; efgyk] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku dk scjq h vknr as o ?kj l s ckgj jguk lHa ko gAS

Nrdejk

VkWaM dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A ;g fdlh Hkh gky esa mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

VkW;ysVVkWM

[kqykLFkku

[kqyk LFkku

N N

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxhA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl u gksus ls ÅtkZ dgha ugha tk,xhA bl Hkou esa xaHkhj nks"kksa dk izHkko vkaf'kd gks tk,xkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



v'kqHk

N

S

WE

lM+d

[kkyh IykWV

ÅWapkfuekZ.k

v'kqHk

v'kqHk

ÅWapkfuekZ.k

Hkou



eafnj ukFkZ&osLV esa Bhd gSA fdUrq eafnj dh loZJs"B txg lkmFk&osLV gSA Hkxoku dks viuh lcls fiz; pht vfiZr djuh pkfg,A bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

VkWM dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA



3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku jguk t:jh gSA

lhf<+;ksa dks eqeVh cukdj doj djsaA eqeVh dks dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh ls gh doj djsaA

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

N

S

WEVkW;ysV

jlksbZ

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

E VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

lsfIVd VSad

NTt

k

W

vyekjh

eq[; }kj



vkaf'kd izHkko %lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls eq[; efgyk o L=h larku dks chekjh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj l[r o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

WE VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

lsfIVd VSad NTtk

vyekjh

eq[; }kj


xEHkhj izHkko %fuek.Z k e a s lkmFk&lkmFkoLs V Hkkx c< +x;k gAS bll s ?kj ds eqf[k;k] eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poh larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] >xM+s] dtsZ] ekufld fpUrk,¡] o rhljh vkSj lkroh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

czãLFkku

lM+d

dejk

Nr

N

S

WEVkW;ysV

jlksbZ

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx Å¡pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA fuekZ.k esa lkmFk&lkmFkosLV Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks chekjh o vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



N

S

WE

lM+d

uhpk fuekZ.k

fuekZ.kcjkcj

fuekZ.kÅWapk

lkekU; 'kqHk

'kqHk

Hkou



vkaf'kd izHkko %ckfs jxa lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V e as gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s jgassxs o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

W

S

N

E

lM+d

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

eafnj

dejk

ykWch

lsfIVd VSad

cksfjax

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku dks chekjh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku u gksuk o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

eq[;}kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj bls nhokj ls vyx djsaA LySc fdlh Hkh gky esa iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

cksfjax dks ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

W

S

N

E

lM+d

VkW;ysV

jlksbZeafnj

dejk

ykWch

lsfIVd VSadcksfjax

lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can dj nsaA

eafnj dks if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA bl LFkku ij eafnj j[kus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

W

S

N

E

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

Nr

Vadh


czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV esa cksfjax gSA nf{k.k esa eq[;}kj gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks chekjh o vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA dtsZ] >xM+s] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



lM+d

uhpkfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

uhpkfuekZ.k

N

E

S

W

'kqHk lkekU;

'kqHk

Hkou

vyekfj;ksa dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

lM+d

dejk tky

dejk

S

E

VkW;ysV

ckFk:e

jlksbZ

vyekjh

vyekjh

W

Nr dkNTtk

cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

e[q ;}kj dk s fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsxhaA

vkaf'kd izHkko %vyekjh iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj o cksfjax lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku ¼csVh gksus ij½ chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %vyekjh bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nwljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls leL;k,a jgsaxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %vyekjh ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokjksa ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku esa deh ] iwjk ifjokj chekj] ijs'kku] izxfr u gksuk] igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk tky

dejk

dejk

N

S

WE

VkW;ysV

ckFk:e

jlksbZ

cksfjaxNr dkNTtk

VkWM

vyekjh

vyekjh

vyekjh

vyekjh



N r i j fuek Z.k e s a dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA

lM+d

tky

eqeVh

Vadh

Nr

S

WE

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ¼csVk gksus ij½ chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA lsfIVd VSad osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA vyekjh iwoZ o mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSaA Vk¡M ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk laHko gSA

dejk

Ncksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

vyekjh

VkWaM

lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

VkWaM dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, FkksM+h nwjh ij fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

N

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

N

E

S

W

lkekU;

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

lkekU;

Hkou

lkekU;

if'pe Qsflax Hkouksa ds uD'kss

j

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax gS vkSj e/; esa NTtk xksy gksus ls osLV&lkmFkosLV dksuk dV x;k gSA jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gSA Nr ij dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] efgyk,¡ vkaf'kd chekj] xHkZikr] iq:"k larku u gksuk] /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ¼iq:"k½ dks xEHkhj chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk laHko gSA



lM+d

dejk

dejk

NS

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax

Nr dk NTtk

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

eq[;}kj dks osLV&ukFkZosLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

cksfjax dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA[kqyk

LFkku

NTts ds xksy Hkkx dks fn[kk, vuqlkj rksM+dj lh/kk djsaA



3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh j[ksaA

ikuh dh Vadh

NS

W

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

E

[kqykLFkku



lM+d

dejk

dejk

NS

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax

[kqykLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %e q [ ; } k j o c k s f j a x osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gS vkSj if'pe esa NTtk xksy gS ftlls osLV&lkmFkosLV dksuk dV x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ¼csVk gksus ij½ chekj]

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s jgsaxsA

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

Nr

NS

W

xEHkhj izHkko %dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls iq:"k chekj] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksV Z&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] iq:"k larku u gksuk o xHkZikr Hkh laHko gSaA

ikuh dh Vadh

czãLFkku

E

[kqykLFkku

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou d s if'pe e as lMd+ gAS iow Z e as [kkyh IykVW g]S bll s i:q "k LoLFk jgxas As mRrj e as [kkyh IykVW g]S bll s efgyk, ¡LoLFk jgxas hA nf{k.k d s iMk+ ls dk Hkou uhpk fuferZ g]S bll s efgykvk as dk vkRefo'okl de gkxs kA

mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxhA fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; fuokl gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

104,d rjQ lM+d if'pe Qsflax Hkou


NS

W

E

lM+d

[kky

hIy

kWV

uhpk

fuekZ.k

Hkou

'kqHk

'kqHk

[kky

hIy

kWV

v'kqHk




vkaf'kd izHkko %lsfIVd VSad osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gS] blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %ukFkZ&bZLV esa [kqyk LFkku gS ftlls fuekZ.k esa ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMaW lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s l s lVh gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj vkjS vUMjxkz mUM okVW j VdaS oLs V&lkmFkoLs V e as g S o NTt s dk lkmFk&oLs V dkus k Hkh xkys gAS bll s ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku csVk gksus ij chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh o ikuh dh Vadh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls efgyk,a chekj] /ku dh leL;k] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj l[r o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA


lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

eqeVh

NrNS

W

E

ikuh dhVadh

lM+d

ykWch

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

NS

W

E

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad

vUMjxzkmUMokVj VSad Nr dk

NTtk

VkWM

cksfjax

czãLFkku

eqeVh dks fn[kk, vuqlkj eq[; nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,¡A

lM+d

Nr

NS

W

E

tky

Vadh

Vadh

eqeVh

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj o vUMjxzkmUM VSad gS vkSj NTts dk lkmFk&osLV dksuk dV x;k gSA osLV&ukFkZosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls fuekZ.k esa ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA Nr ij eqeVh o ikuh dh Vadh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa iq:"kksa dks xaHkhj chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] efgyk,¡ chekj] mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh] rhljh] ik¡poh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh] pkSFkh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA



lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ mRrj dh nhokj l sugh a lVuh pkfg,A lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap nwj ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA



eq[; }kj dks osLVukFkZosLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A

[kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls doj djsaA 'ksM dks Nr ds uhps ls gh yxk,¡A

lM+d

ykWch

dejk

NS

W

E

VkW;ysV

Nr dk NTtk

VkWM

cksfjax

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA mRrj esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; fuokl gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


NS

W

E

lM+d

[kky

h Iy

kWV

fuekZ.k

fuekZ.k

Å¡pk

Å¡pk

Hkou

'kqHk

v'kqHk

'kqHk


xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls iq:"k chekj] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] iq:"k larku u gksuk o xHkZikr Hkh laHko gSaA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax gSA osLV&ukFkZosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gS o lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA Vk¡M mRrj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gSA eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] iq:"kksa esa cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk o vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ gksaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku iq:"k gksus ij xEHkhj chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk laHko gSA

lM+d

dejk

Nr NS

W

eqeVhVk;ysV

tky

E


vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o cksfjax osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ¼acsVk gksus ij½ chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o lsfIVd VSad osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %LySc mRrj dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s /ku dh deh] efgyk, a chekj] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ o eku&lEeku de gkxs kA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

NS

W

E

lsfIVd VSad

vyekjh

vyekjh

VkWM

cksfjax

czãLFkku

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV



eafnj igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls lkmFk&osLV esa j[kuk loZJs"B gSA lkmFk&osLV ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gS] ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

VkWM o vyekjh dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eq[; }kj dks osLV&ukFkZosLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

lh<+h dks if'pe dh nhokj ds lkFk dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A



3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku jguk pkfg,A

lM+d

dejk

dejk

NS

W

E

lsfIVd VSad

vyekjh

vyekjh

VkWM

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Nr dk NTtk

cksfjax

jlksbZ o VkW;ysV dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡

lM+d

dejk

N

W

doj ,fj;k

eqeVhVk;ysV

S

E

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; fuokl gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



'kqHk

E

NS

WlM+d

uhpk fu

ekZ.k

uahpk fue

kZ.kHkou

'kqHk

uhpk fu

ekZ.k

v'kqHk



VkWaM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&bZLV dksus o bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s o igyh] nwljh pkSFkh o NBh larku dks leL;k,a jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o cksfjax osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ¼iq:"k½ chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xaHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

eq[; }kj dks osLV&ukFkZosLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

VkW;ysV dks igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ls rksM+dj gVk nsaA bls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk ldrs gSaA ftlls eq[;}kj lgh txg ij cu ldsA

jlksbZ dks igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ls rksM+dj gVk nsaA bls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk ldrs gSaA

efa nj dk s lkmFk&oLs V e a s fn[kkb Z xb Ztxg ij j[kuk loJZ "s B gAS ;g LFkku ?kj d s efq [k;k dk gkrs k g]S ;gk ¡efa nj gkus s l s ?kj e a s Hkxoku d s okl dk ,glkl gkrs k g S o Hkxoku Lo; a?kj dh j{kk djr s gAa S

1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh ls doj djsaA

2- lhf<+;ksa dks fn[kk, vuqlkj eqeVh cukdj doj djsaA



lM+d

NS

W

tky Nr

doj ,fj;k

eqeVhVadh

E

lM+d

dejk

dejk

NS

W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

czãLFkku

lM+d

dejk

dejk

NS

W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

Nr dk NTtk

VkWM

xEHkhj izHkkolh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lkmFk&osLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

xEHkhj izHkko %if'pe e as [kyq k LFkku g S ftll s ;g Hkkx gYdk gk s x;k gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku dk s xEHkhj chekjh] cjq h vknr]a s vijk/kh gkus k ;k tys tkuk lHa ko gAS

lM+d

NS

W

tky

Nr

[kqyk LFkku

Nr

VkW;ysV

Vadh

E

okLrq nks"kks a dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax gSA osLV&ukFkZosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gS o if'pe esa [kqyk LFkku gSA bl Hkou esa iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o xqLlSy] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ¼iq:"k½ dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk laHko gSA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh] pkSFkh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

mRrj esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; fuokl gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



'kqHk

NS

W

E

lM+dÅ¡pk fuekZ.k

[kky

h Iy

kWV

cjkcj fuekZ.k

Hkou

lkekU;

'kqHk




N

W

E

lM+d

S

eafnj

cksfjaxdejk

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

VkWMvyekjh

pcwrjk

lsfIVd VSad

xEHkhj izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V e as gAS blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Nr dk NTtk

lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

Vk¡M dks mRrj dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

xEHkhj izHkko %ckfs jxa ukFk&Z ukFkoZ Ls V e as gAS blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls /ku dh deh o efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[kuk loZJs"B gSA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gS] ;gkWa eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

N

W

E

lM+d

S

dejk

eqeVh

Nr

1- dejs ds nks"k dks nwj djus ds fy, [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djuk t:jh gSA


3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku jguk pkfg,A

N

W

E

lM+d

S

dejk

doj ,fj;k

N

W

E

lM+d

S

eafnj

cksfjax

dejk

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

VkWMvyekjh

pcwrjk

lsfIVd VSad

Nr dk NTtk

czãLFkku

czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] blds v'kqHk izHkko jgsaxsA

eqeVh

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&ukFkZosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV eas gSA Vk¡M mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls iq:"k chekj] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] iq:"k larku u gksuk o xHkZikr Hkh laHko gSaA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA mRrj cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


nhokj czãLFkku dks ls fn[kk, vuqlkj gVkdj cuk,¡A


N

E

S

lM+d

W

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

Hkou

lkekU;lkekU;

lkekU;



vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o nwljh vkSj NBh larku dks leL;k,a jgsaxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS oLs V&ukFk&Z oLs V e asgAS blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

NS

W

E

Nr dkNTtk

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

VkWaM

VkW;ysV

nqdku

'kVj

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s /ku dh deh] efgyk, achekj] mudk LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ vkjS eku&lEeku e as deh gkxs hA

eq[; }kj

lM+d

NS

W

NrxEHkhj izHkko %

ikuh dh Vadh o bZaVsa ukFkZ&bZLV dksus esa j[kh gSaA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

eqeVh

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj l s lVh gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&ukFkZosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&bZzLV dksus esa otu o ikuh dh Vadh gSA eqeVh dk fuekZ.k mRrj dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa iq:"k o efgyk,¡ chekj] efgykvksa dk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

E

ikuh dh Vadh



1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A




lM+d

dejk

NS

W

E

Nr dkNTtk

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

VkWaM

VkW;ysV

nqdku

'kVj

eq[; }kj

eqeVh dks mRrj dh nhokj ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

ikuh dh Vadh o bZaVksa dks lkmFk&osLV esa dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

lM+d

NS

Nr

eqeVh

W

Vadh

E

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA mRrj esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



[kky

h Iy

kWV

ÅWapk

fuekZ.k

cjkcj

fuekZ.k

NS

W

E

lM+d

lkekU;

Hkou

'kqHk'kqHk

xaHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VS ad o cksfjax osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gS] blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha lra ku cVs k gkus s ij ml s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] Hk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+ vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas Hkh lHa ko gAS

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lM+d

dejk dejk

S N

E

W

ykWch

cksfjax

Nr dkNTtk

VkWMVkWM

lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV



lM+d

S N

E

W

VkW;ysV

Nr

eqeVh

ikuh dhVadh

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

vkaf'kd izHkko %ikuh dh Vda h ukFk&Z ukFkoZ Ls V dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku


lM+d

S N

E

W

Nr

eqeVhVadh

1- VkW;ysV dh Nr fudkyus ls nks"k dk i z H k ko de gk s tk,xkA

2- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus ds fy, igys ls cus gq, VkW;ysV dks gVk nsaA u;k VkW;ysV fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A

ikuh dh Vadh dks eqeVh ds Åij fn[kk, vuqlkj j[ksaA

Vadh

VkW;ysV

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj if'pe esa gSA cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij ikuh dh Vadh ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa iq:"kksa dks xaHkhj chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] ,DlhMsaV] efgyk,¡ vkaf'kd chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh] nwljh] pkSFkh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lM+d

dejk dejk

S

N

E

W

ykWch

cksfjax

Nr dk NTtk

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

e q [ ; } k j d k s osLV&ukFkZosLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

VkWaM dks dksuksa o iwoZ dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

VkWM

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA mRrj esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



S N

E

WlM+d

cjkcj

fuekZ.k

[kky

hIy

kWV

uhpk

fuekZ.k

lkekU;

v'kqHk

Hkou

'kqHk



Nr

vkaf'kd izHkko %ckfs jxa oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V e as g]S blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %osLV&lkmFkosLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS o lsfIVd VSad Hkh osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ¼iq:"k½ chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %vyekjh iwoZ dh nhokj o lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] o nwljh vkSj NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

1- Hkou ds ftrus Hkkx esa VDdj yx jgh gS mlds lkeus fn[kk, vuqlkj nks nhokjsa [kM+h djsaA

2- nhokjsa de ls de 4-5 bap eksVh o 8 QhV ÅWaph gksa vkSj buds chp de ls de 4 bap dh [kkyh txg gksuh pkfg,A

3- bu nhokjksa vkSj eq[; nhokj ds chp pyus ;ksX; txg vo'; NksM+saA

4- Nr ij NTts dk vkdkj fn[kk, vuqlkj pkSjl gh jgs ;g dksuk ugha dVuk pkfg,A


eq[; nhokj

eq[; n

hokj4 bap

eq[; n

hokj


dejk

dejk

lM+d

nqdku

'kVj

NS

W

jlksbZ

lsfIVd VSad

cksfjax

VkWM

vyekjhvyekjhvyekjh

xSyjh

eq[; }kj

lM+d

VDd

j

[kqyk LFkku

dejk

lM+d

nqdku

'kVj

NS

W

lsfIVd VSad

VkWM

vyekjh

ykWoh

eq[; }kj

lM+d V

Ddj

vyekjh

lM+d

NrNS

W

E

VkW;ysV

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d V

Ddj

czãLFkku

E


v'kqHk lM+d VDdj dk mik;

vkaf'kd izHkko %mRrj esa [kqyk LFkku gksus fuekZ.k esa ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj o /ku dh deh jgsxhA

cksfjax

[kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj NTts ls doj djsaA doj djus ds fy, cus gq, Hkkx ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gS o bl Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gSA osLV&ukFkZosLV esa cksfjax gSA vyekjh iwoZ dh nhokj o lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVha gSA mRrj esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls fuekZ.k esa ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA Nr ij dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA bl Hkou esa ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh vkSj ik¡poha larku ¼iq:"k gksus ij½ xEHkhj chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ,DlhMsaV laHko gSaA efgykvksa dks vkaf'kd chekjh o LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vyekfj;ksa dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

dejk

E

jlksbZ

vyekjh

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA mRrj ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Åp¡ k fuferZ g]S bll s efgyk, ¡ chekj jgxas hA nf{k.k e as [kkyh IykVW g]S bll s efgykvk as dk vkRefo'okl de gkxs kA

mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl u gksus ls ÅtkZ dgha ugha tk,xhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



S N

E

WlM+d

ÅWapkfuekZ.k

[kkyh IykWV

v'kqHk

ÅWapkfuekZ.k

v'kqHk v'kqHk

Hkou



vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

N

W

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

Nr dk

NTtk

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o lsfIVd VSad osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ¼csVk gksus ij½ chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA blds v'kqHk izHkko jgsaxsA

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lkmFk&bZLV dksus vkSj iwoZ dh nhokj ls lV dj bZaVksa dk <+sj yxk gqvk gSA blls efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lkmFk&osLV dksus esa dqN otu j[kk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

N

W

lM+d

S

E

bZaV dk <sj

Nr

Nr



lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk pkfg,A ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gS] Hkxoku dks viuh lcls fiz; pht vfiZr djuh pkfg,A bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

e[q ; }kj dk s oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A

lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØzhV vkSj lfj;k 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

N

W

lM+d

dejk

S

dejkeafnj

E

cksfjax

jlksbZ

1- VkW;ysV dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls ;g nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ; fn Nr j[ ku h vko';d gS rks igys ls cus gq, VkW;ysV dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

3- u ; k V k W ; y s V lkmFk&osLV esa dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh cuk,¡A

bZaVksa ds <+sj o otu dks nf{k.k dh nhokj ds lkFk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

N

W

lM+d

E

VkW;ysV

Nr dk

NTtk

S

lsfIVdVSad

bZaV dk <sj

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj o lsfIVd VSad gSaA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ds lkFk dqN otu j[kk gSA ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA lkmFk&osLV dksus esa dqN otu j[kk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ¼iq:"k gksus ij½ dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ,DlhMsaV laHko gSaA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA mRrj cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


jlksbZ dks fn[kk, vuqlkj NksVk djsa o czãLFkku ls nhokj dks gVk nsaA


S N

WlM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

lkekU;

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

lkekU;

Hkou

lkekU;

E


lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gq, cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eafnj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA ;g mPp LFkku gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

VkWaM dks dksuksa ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

W

S N

E

lM+d

dejk

ykWch

eafnj

cksfjax

vVSPM ckFk:e lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ

VkWM

Nr dk NTTkkeq[; }kj

dejk

VkWM

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSaA if'pe esa cksfjax gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij lhf<+;k¡ [kqyh gksus ls nf{k.k Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ¼csVk gksus ij½ vkSj iq:"kksa dks xaHkhj chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ,DlhMsaV Hkh laHko gSaA efgykvksa dks vkaf'kd chekjh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh] nwljh] pkSFkh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsxhA


xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ¼csVk gksus ij½ chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&bZLV dksus o bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s o igyh] nwljh pkSFkh o NBh larku dks leL;k,a jgsaxhA

W

S N

E

Nr dk NTTkk

lM+d

dejk

ykWch

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ

VkWM

VkWM

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

dejk

vVSPM ckFk:e


xEHkhj izHkko %nf{k.k esa [kqyk LFkku gSA ftlls ;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA blls ?kj dh eq[; efgyk o L=h larku chekj] L o H k k o f p M + f p M + k ] e ku&lEeku de o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

W

S N

E

lM+d

tkyNr

[kqyk LFkku


1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks cuh gqbZ Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh ls gh doj doj djsaA

2- bl Hkkx dk ry igys ls cuh gqbZ Nr ds cjkcj gh jguk pkfg,A

W

S N

E

tkyNr

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA mRrj cjkcj rd fuferZ g]S bll s dkbs Z iHz kko ugh a gkxs kA nf{k.k e as [kkyh IykVW g]S bll s efgykvk as dk vkRefo'okl de gkxs kA

mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; fuokl u gksus ls ÅtkZ dgha ugha tk,xhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



S N

E

WlM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

[kkyhIykWV

lkekU;

cjkcjfuekZ.k

v'kqHk

Hkou

lkekU;

ukFkZ&bZLV Qsflax Hkouksa ds uD'kss

j



VkWaM dks nhokj ls u lVrs gq, FkksM+h nwjh ij fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡

N

W

ElM+d

Seafnj

cksfjaxdejk

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h vkSj LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

pcwrjs dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

lfs IVd VdaS igy s l s cuh gbq Z txg ij mfpr g S fdUr q bl s mÙkj e as fn[kkb Z xb Ztxg ij cukuk loJZ "s B gAS

N E

lM+d

dejk

NTtk

doj ,fj;k

1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsaA


3- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu'ksM ls gh doj djsaA

4- bldk <+ky ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ gh j[ksa o bls cuh gqbZ Nr ds uhps ls gh yxk,aA

N

W

E

lM+d

Seafnj

cksfjaxdejk

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

VkWM

pcwrjk

lsfIVd VSad

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

xaHkhj izHkko %pcwrjk mÙkj o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ;g Q'kZ ds ry ls Å¡pk gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

czãLFkku


okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij pcrw jk ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVk gAS jlkbs Z dh LyoS o lh<h+ ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS cãz LFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k gAS VkMW lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS Nr ij eeq Vh ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS dejk oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V o lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVk gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] ?kj d sefq [k;k o deku s oky s lnL; ij's kku] ifjokj dh ixz fr u gkus k] /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]+s ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk, ¡ o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡jgxas hA igyh o pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs h gkus s ij ml s vf/kd o cVs k gkus s ij vkfa 'kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA rhljh o lkroh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ds dkj.k ukFkZ&osLV] lkmFk&bZLV o lkmFk&osLV ds Hkouksa esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA

W S


N E

lM+d

dejk

eqeVh

NTtk

Nr

xEHkhj çHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko%dejk osLV&ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS] blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W S

xEHkhj çHkko %dejk lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

114,d rjQ lM+d ukFkZ&bZLV Qsflax Hkou

jlksbZ o VkW;ysV dks fn[kk, vuqlkj NksVk djsa o czãLFkku ls nhokj dks gVk nsaA

okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy, osclkbZV www.dwark adheeshvastu.com ns[ksa@eq¶r MkmuyksM djsaA

N E

S

lM+d

W

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

Hkou

lkekU;lkekU;

lkekU;



xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h mÙkj dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] eku&lEeku u gksuk o LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

[kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj cuh gqbZ Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh ls doj djsaA

xEHkhj izHkko %if'pe esa [kqyk LFkku gS] ftlls fuekZ.k esa ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknr o ?kj ls ckgj jguk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&bZLV esa Nr dk NTtk xksy gS ftlls mÙkj o iwoZ dksus dV x, gSaA blls /ku dh deh] efgykvksa o iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dksus dh nhokjksa ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh txg NkMs d+ j ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s+ dj ldr s gAaS

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] eku&lEeku u gksuk] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o rhljh vkSj lkroh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

SW

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax

eq[; }kj

eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa c u k u k loZJs"B gSA

xEHkhj izHkko%dejk osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS] blls iq:"ka chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

SW

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax

[kqykLFkku

Nr dk NTtk

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySo lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA if'pe esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls fuekZ.k esa ;g dksuk dV x;k gSA NTtk xksy gksus ls mRrj o iwoZ dksus dV x, gSaA Nr ij eqeVh ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gS] blls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA dejk osLV&ukFkZosLV o lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xMs+] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku cVs h gkus s ij ml s vf/kd o cVs k gkus s ij vkfa 'kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA rhljh o lkroh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA



1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsa vkSj lhf<+;ksa dks [kqyk NksM+ nsaA


3- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls doj djsaA

5- bldk <+ky ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ gh j[ksa o bls dejs dh Nr ds uhps ls gh yxk,¡A

Vadh

dejk

N E

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

SW

ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

dejk

Nr

N E

[kqykLFkku

SW

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gS] blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] ?kj dk eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;ksa dks o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

NTt s d s uhp s fn[kk, vulq kj nk s ;k pkj fiyj tehu l s 'k:q djr sg,q gj efa ty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM s+ dj as ftll s lHkh NTtk as dk otu fiyjk as ij vk tk,A ;k nhokj d s cjkcj rd NTtk as dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas NTt s d s xkys Hkkx dk s rkMs d+ j fn[kk, vulq kj lh/kk djAas

fiyj fiyj


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS o ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl ds Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS ] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ds dkj.k ukFkZ&osLV ds Hkou esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



N

SW

ElM+d

[kky

hIy

kWV

uhpk

fuekZ.k

v'kqHk

Hkou

[kky

hIy

kWV v'kqHk

v'kqHk



vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll s ifr&iRuh e as >xM s+ o ?kj e asekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cukuk loZJs"B gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh ] dk sV Z&d sl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax czãLFkku esa gSA blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] /ku dh deh o larku u gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %nf{k.k dksus esa ikuh dh Vadh o bZaVsa j[kh gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku dks chekjh] eku&lEeku u gksuk] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o ftn~nh gksxkA

1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k dk izHkko dkQh de gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn eqeVh dh Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks bls nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A blls bl nks"k dk izHkko vkaf'kd jg tk,xkA


4- ubZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks MkWV~sM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh cuk,A¡

lM+dN

SW

E

ikuh dh Vadh

Nr

100 kg wt.

eqeVh

lM+dN

S

E

ikuh dh Vadh

Nr

100 kg wt.

eqeVh

W

jlkbs Z dh LycS o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky e as LycS ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

1- lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAa s

2- fdlh Hkh gky e a s lh<h+ iow Z dkus s dh nhokjk a s l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh txg NkMs d+ j ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s + dj ldr s gAa S

czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA czãLFkku ls nhokj dks fn[kk,

vuqlkj rksM+dj gVk nsaA

vkaf'kd izHkko%Vk¡M osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] rhljh o lkroha larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

Vk¡M dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lM+d

dejk

N

SW

E

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjaxlsfIVd VSad

eafnj

VkW;ysV

nqdku

'kVj

eq[; }kj

VkWaM

lM+d

dejk

N

SW

E

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

VkWaM

VkW;ysV

nqdku

'kVj

eq[; }kj

eq[; czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij iwoZ dksus esa lh<+h dk fuekZ.k gSA jlksbZ dh LYkSo ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czãLFkku esa cksfjax gSA eq[; czãLFkku esa nhokj gSA VkWM osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ij cuh gSA Nr ij bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ij eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA nf{k.k dksus esa bZaV o ikuh dh Vadh j[kh gqbZ gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku vkSj eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks leL;k,¡ jgasxhA

ikuh dh Vadh o bZaVks dks MkWV~sM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh j[ksaA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS o ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl ds Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS ] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ds dkj.k ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&osLV ds Hkou esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



lkekU;

N

SW

ElM+d

Å¡pk

fuekZ.k

[kky

h Iy

kWV

cjkcj

fuekZ.kv'kqHk

Hkou

v'kqHk



vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS mÙkj dkus s o ukFk&Z ukFkoZ Ls V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s jlkbs Z d s [kp Zs c<xas+ s o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku dks chekjh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] dts Z ] >xM+ s ] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lM+d

dejk dejk

S

N E

W

ykWch

cksfjax

Nr dkNTtk

VkWMVkWM

lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV


eq[; }kj

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

jlksbZ dh LySc] lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h vkSj LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

Vk¡M dks dksuksa ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lM+d

dejk dejk

S

N E

W

ykWch

cksfjax

Nr dkNTtk

VkWMVkWM

lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

eq[; }kj

lM+d

S

N E

W

VkW;ysV

Nr

eqeVh

Vadh

Vadh

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV mÙkj dksus ls lVk gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] eku&lEeku u gksuk] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o ftn~nh gksxkA

xEHkhj izHkko %ikuh dh Vadh iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj c h e k j h ] H k ; yxu k ] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dk sV Z&d sl] i z ' k klfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

lM+d

S

N E

W

Nr

VadhVadh

eqeVh

ikuh dh Vadh dks MkWV~sM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh j[ksaA

czãLFkku

1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k dk izHkko dkQh de gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn eqeVh dh Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks bls nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A blls bl nks"k dk izHkko vkaf'kd jg tk,xkA


4- ubZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks MkWV~sM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh cuk,¡A

eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh mÙkj o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] eku&lEeku u gksuk] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o rhljh vkSj lkroh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

VkW;ysV dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA u;k VkW;ysV MkWVsM ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh cuk,¡A

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkWM lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV mRrj dksus ls lVk gSA eqeVh ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA ikuh dh Vadh iwoZ dksus esa j[kh gSaA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa dk LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy o eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] ?kj dk eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;ksa dks o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr, fnokfy;k gksuk, dksVZ dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

fiyj


fiyj

NTt s d s uhp s fn[kk, vulq kj nk s ;k pkj fiyj tehu l s'k:q djr s g,q gj efa ty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM s+ dj asftll s lHkh NTtk as dk otu fiyjk as ij vk tk,A ;k nhokj d s cjkcj rd NTtk as dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas

fiyjfiyj

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gS] blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] ?kj dk eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;ksa dks o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS o lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl ds Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS ] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

lkmFk&bZLV e as vU; fuokl gkus s d s dkj.k bl Hkou dk s Åtk Z feyxs h fdUr q okLr q nk"s k gkus s d s dkj.k lkmFk&bLZ V o lkmFk&oLs V d s Hkou e as Åtk Z tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou e as okLr q nk"s kk as dk iHz kko de jgxs kA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU;S

N E

W

lM+d

cjkcj

fuekZ.k

[kky

hIy

kWV

Å¡pk

fuekZ.k

v'kqHk

Hkou

v'kqHk




vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku dks chekjh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k ] dts Z ] >xM+ s ] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s jgsaxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<h+ iow Z dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky slnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e as deh] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ lra ku u gkus k o xHkiZ kr gkus k lHa ko gAS igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %mÙkj dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gS] blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] eku&lEeku u gksuk] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o ftn~nh gksxkA

xEHkhj izHkkolh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj c he k j h ] H k; yxu k ] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dk sV Z&dsl] i z'k klfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dksus dh nhokjksa ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, blds uhps eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap nwj iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA

1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsaA


3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA

4- ;fn Nr daØhV ls doj gS rks bl Hkkx dks QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls gh doj djsaA

5- 'ksM dk <+ky ukFkZ&bZLV dh vksj gh j[ksa o bls Nr ds uhps ls gh yxk,¡A

ikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

cãz LFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k g]S bld s vkfa 'kd iHz kko jgxas As

lM+d

N

SW

E

tky

[kqyk LFkku

Nr

Vadh

VkW;ysV

lM+d

N

SW

E

tky Nr

Vadh

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

SW

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

czãLFkku

eq[; }kj




jlkbs Z dk s fn[kkb Z xb Z txg ij cuk,A¡ LycS vkjS nhokj d s chp fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa dh [kkyh txg vo'; NkMs Aas + fdlh Hkh gky e as LycS ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

1- lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas

2- fdlh Hkh gky e a s lh<h+ iow Z dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A


cãz LFkku l s nhokj dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas

eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA blds fy, VkW;ysV dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk ldrs gSaA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

SW

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

lsfIVd VSadVkW;ysV

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h iwoZ dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ij cuh gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus esa lh<+h dk fuekZ.k gSA VkW;ysV mRrj dksus ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gS] blls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku vkSj eku&lEeku esa deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ds dkj.k ukFkZ&osLV] lkmFk&bZLV o lkmFk&osLV ds Hkouksa esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



N

SW

ElM+d

cjkcj fuekZ.k

[kky

h Iy

kWV

Å¡pk

fue

kZ.k

v'kqHk

Hkou

lkekU;

v'kqHk




xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax nf{k.k esa gS o nf{k.k esa [kqyk LFkku gS] ftlls fuekZ.k esa ;g dksuk dV x;k gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll s ifr&iRuh e as>xM s+ o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %NTts dk mÙkj dksuk dVk gqvk gS] blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %NTt s dk iow Z dkus k dVk gvq k g]S blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xaHkhj izHkko %eqeVh bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %ikuh dh Vadh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

ykWch

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

N

SW

E

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSadvUMjxzkmUM

okVj VSadNTtk

cksfjax

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

jlksbZ

1- eqeVh dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn eqeVh j[kuh vko';d gS rks bls nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A blls bl nks"k dk izHkko vkaf'kd jg tk,xkA



okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA nf{k.k esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls fuekZ.k esa ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA nf{k.k esa cksfjax gSA ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gSA NTts dk mRrj o iwoZ dksuk dV x;k gSA Nr ij eqeVh bZLV&lkmFkbZLV o ikuh dh Vadh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xMs+] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] izxfr u gksuk] ?kj dk eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;ksa dks o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVh gksus ij de leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS o lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o cM+h larku dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA lkmFk&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS o ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

lM+d

eqeVh Nr

N E

tky Vadh

Vadh

[kqyk LFkku

Nr

SW

lM+d

eqeVh

Nr

N E

tky

SW

Vadh

Vadh ikuh dh Vadh dks MkWV~sM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh j[ksaA


fiyj


fiyj

cksfjax o eq[;}kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igy s l s cuh gbq Zckfs jxa dk s jrs o feVV~ h Hkjdj cna djuk t:jh gAS

lfs IVd VdaS igy s l s cuh gbq Z txg ij mfpr g S fdUr q bl s mÙkj e as fn[kkb Z xb Ztxg ij cukuk loJZ "s B gAS

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

dejk

N

SW

E

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad

vUMjxzkmUMokVj VSad

VkWM

cksfjaxeq[; }kj

ykWch

jlksbZczãLFkku


2- fdlh Hkh gky e a s lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A


[kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj cuh gqbZ Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh ls doj djsaA

NTt s d s uhp s fn[kk, vulq kj nk s ;k pkj fiyj tehu l s 'k:q djr s g,q gj efa ty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM s+ dj as ftll s lHkh NTtk as dk otu fiyjk as ij vk tk,A ;k nhokj d s cjkcj rd NTtk as dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas NTts ds xksy Hkkx dks fn[kk, vuqlkj pkSjl djsaA

fiyjfiyj

ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ds dkj.k ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&osLV ds Hkou esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

N

SW

ElM+d

[kky

h Iy

kWV

Å¡pk

fue

kZ.k

Å¡pk

fue

kZ.k

vfr'kqHk

Hkou

v'kqHk




lsfIVd VSad

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxkuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k mÙkj dksus ls lVk gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxk o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dksus ls lVk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA


1- VkW;ysV o eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA


3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

4- ' k s M d k < + k y ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ j[ksa o bls Nr ds uhps ls gh yxk,aA

xEHkhj izHkko%dejs dk fuekZ.k osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS] blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

VkWM dks lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA

1- lh<+h dks ?kj ds vanj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A lh<+h vkSj eq[; nhokj ds chp de ls de 3 bap [kkyh txg gksuh pkfg,A

2- fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ iow Z dkus s l sugh a lVuh pkfg,A



lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

SW

ElsfIVd VSad

vyekjh

VkWM

cksfjax eq[; }kj

VkW;ysV

czãLFkku

jlksbZ jlksbZ dh LySc dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A LySc fdlh Hkh gky esa lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

lM+d

dejk

dejk

VkW;ysV

N

SW

E

vyekjh

VkWM

cksfjaxeq[; }kj

czãLFkku

jlksbZ

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA VkW;ysV mRrj dksus ls lVk gSA dejk osLV&ukFkZosLV o lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xMs+] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVk gksus ij vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroh larku csVk gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh o csVh gksus ij vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lM+d

dejk

N E

doj ,fj;k

W S

tky

lM+d

Nr

N E

eqeVhVkW;ysV

dejk

SW

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS o lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o cM+h larku dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl ds Hkou uhps fufeZr gSa] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ds dkj.k ukFkZ&osLV] lkmFk&bZLV o lkmFk&osLV ds Hkou esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



v'kqHk

N

SW

ElM+d

uhpk fue

kZ.k

uhpk fue

kZ.k

uhpk fue

kZ.k

Hkou

v'kqHkv'kqHk


xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½ Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku dks chekjh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] dtsZ] >xM+s] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs] ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr o iq:"kksa dks leL;k,a jgsaxhA


jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A LySc dks Hkh fn[kk, vuqlkj gh cuk,¡A

iwjh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa lhesUV dh pknj dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS ftldk <+ky Hkh ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ gSA vr% Nr ds fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA


okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA bl Hkou esa efgykvksa o iq:"kksa dks gYdh chekjh] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls leL;k,¡ jgasxhA

lM+d

jlksbZ

dejk

N

SW

E

VkWM

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

lM+d

jlksbZ

dejk

N Eeq[; }kj

czãLFkku

SWVkWM

lM+d

N E

'ksM

SW

Vhu 'ksM

Vhu 'ksM

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS o lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gSa] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



N E

S

lM+d

W

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

lkekU;v'kqHk

Hkou

lkekU;


N

W

lM+d

S

E

Nr

VkW;ysV

eqeVh

xEHkhj izHkko %mÙkj dksus esa dqN otu j[kk gqvk gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV iwoZ dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

N lM+d E

Nr

eqeVh

1- VkW;ysV dks ;gk¡ ls rksM+dj gVk nsaA2- u;s VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k MkWV~sM ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa dksuksa ls de ls

de 3 QhV nwj djsaA

1- eqeVh dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn eqeVh j[kuh vko';d gS rks bls nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A blls bl nks"k dk izHkko vkaf'kd jg tk,xkA




cksfjax o eq[; }kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

N

W

ElM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjaxlsfIVd VSad

eq[; }kj

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

N

W

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad xEHkhj izHkko %

cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gS o lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ? kVu k, ¡ ] dk s V Z&d sl ] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA

czãLFkku ds ftrus Hkkx esa nhokj gS mls rksM+dj gVk nsaA

lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax Hkh lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA iwoZ dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA mRrj dksus esa dqN otu j[kk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]+s ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk, ¡ o i'z kklfud leL;k, jgxas hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

W SbZaVksa ds <+sj o otu dks MkWV~sM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS o lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gSa] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



N E

S

lM+d

W

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

v'kqHk

Hkou

lkekU;

lkekU;

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gSA jlksbZ dh LySc o Vk¡M ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij mRrj dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA dejk osLV&ukFkZosLV o lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa iwjk ifjokj chekj] ijs'kku] izxfr u gksuk] ?kj dk eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;ksa o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xMs+] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroh larku csVk gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh o csVh gksus ij vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA



lM+d E

W

N

S

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejkVkWM

cjkenk

dejk

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV mÙkj dksus ls lVk gqvk gS] blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] vkRefo'okl o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA

lM+d

EN

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

Vadh

[kqyk LFkku


eq[; }kj

dejk

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko%dejk osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS] blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o rhljh vkSj lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko%Vk¡M osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

W S




lM+d

E

W

N

S

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejk

VkWM

cjkenk

dejk

1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus nsaA


3- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj 'khV ;k Vhu 'ksM }kjk doj djsaA

4- 'ksM dks Nr ds uhps ls yxk,¡ vkSj bldk <+ky ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ gh j[ksaA

lM+d

EN

dejkVadh

eq[; }kj

doj ,fj;k


2- fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh txg NkMs d+ j ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s+ dj ldr sgAaS

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

czãLFkku


W S

fiyjNTts dk otu fiyj ds Åij gh jguk pkfg,Afiyj


fiyj fiyj

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS o lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS o ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ds dkj.k ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&osLV ds Hkou esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU;

N E

S

lM+d

W

cjkcjfuekZ.k

[kkyh IykWV

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

v'kqHkv'kqHk

Hkou

lkmFk&bZLV Qsflax Hkouksa ds uD'kss

j



eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk pkfg, A ;g ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gSA ;gk¡A eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS vkSj Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

eafnj

dejk

jlksbZ

lM+d

E S

WN

ckFk:e

eq[; }kj

jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A

lh<+h dks ?kj ds vUnj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A lh<+h vkSj lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ds chp fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap dh txg vo'; NksM+saA lh<+h ds otu dks jksdus ds fy, blds uhps eq[; nhokj ls u lVrs gq, iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk cuk ldrs gSaA ckWFk:e dks lh<+h ds uhps cuk ldrs gSaA

E S

lM+d

czãLFkku

Vk¡M dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

VkWM

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M mRrj dksus vkSj ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij 'ksM dk <ky ukFkZ&osLV ls lkmFk&bZLV dh rjQ gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Nr ij 'ksM dk <+ky bl izdkj j[kuk gS fd ikuh lkmFk&osLV dh 'ksM ls ukFkZ&bZLV dh 'ksM ij fxjs vkSj fQj bl 'ksM dk <+ky ukFkZ ls bZLV dh rjQ fn[kk, vuqlkj gksuk pkfg,A

'ksM

WN



vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

eafnj

dejk

LySc

VkWM

S

WN

LySc

ckFk:e lh<+h ds uhps

jlksbZ

E

VkWM

eq[; }kj

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM iwoZ dksus o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ?kj ds ckgj cuh gqbZ gS o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

E S

lM+dxEHkhj izHkko %Nr ij 'ksM dk <+ky lkmFk&bZLV dh rjQ gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ? kVu k, ¡ ] dk s V Z&d sl ] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku

'ksM

WN

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

124,d rjQ lM+d lkmFk&bZLV Qsflax Hkou

ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA


Å¡pkfuekZ.k

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

uhpkfuekZ.k

N

E S

lM+d

Wv'kqHk

'kqHk

Hkou

'kqHk

Vadh




xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

W

S

N

E

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

ykWch

lM+d

vyekjh

eafnj

VkWM

Nr dk NTTkk

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMaW ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll s /ku e as deh] ifjokj dh ixz fr u gkus k o igyh o pkFS kh lra ku dk s leL;k, a jgxas hA

xEHkhj izHkko %e q [;} k j n f { k . k e s a lkmFk&bZLV dh rjQ gSA blls eq[; efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vyekjh dks dejs esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[k ldrs gSaA ;g ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gSA ;gkWa ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

lh<+h dks ?kj ds vUnj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A lh<+h] iwoZ dksus dh nhokjksa ls fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap nwj gksuh pkfg,A lh<+h ds otu dks jksdus ds fy, blds uhps eq[; nhokj ls u lVrs gq, iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk cuk ldrs gSaA

N

E

jlksbZ

dejk

ykWch

lM+d

vyekjh

eafnj

VkWM

VkW;ysV

W

SNr dk NTTkk

eq[;}kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA eq[;}kj dks lgh txg ij j[kus ds fy, VkW;ysV o jlksbZ dks lkmFk&osLV dh nhokj ds lkFk fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk ldrs gSaA


vkaf'kd izHkko %vyekjh mRrj dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls /ku esa deh o efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxhA

SE

lM+d

Vadh

[kqyk LFkku

eqeVh

xaHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh iow Z dkus s l s lVh g S o ikuh dh Vda h bld s Åij j[kh gAS bll s i:q "kk as dk sxEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ lra ku u gkus k o xHkiZ kr gkus k lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

SE

lM+d

pcwrjkdoj ,fj;k

pcwrjs o ikuh dh Vadh dks lkmFk&osLV dh nhokj ds lkFk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA


2- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsa A

3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh jguk t:jh gSA

czãLFkkuczãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA vyekjh mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA NTtk lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ij cuk gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gS vkSj ikuh dh Vadh mlds Åij j[kh gqbZ gS] blls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA dejk ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku vkSj eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] ?kj ds eqf[k;k vkSj dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVk gksus ij vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

dejk

WN

xEHkhj izHkko%dejk ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVk g]S bll s efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

WN

dejk

xaHkhj izHkko %NTtk lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ij cuk gAS blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


fiyj fiyj


fiyjfiyj

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



lkekU;N

E S

W

lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

uhpkfuekZ.k

v'kqHk

Hkou

lkekU;

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij nf{k.k esa eq[;}kj] lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dk fuekZ.k gSA lh<+h ] Vk¡M o jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gaSA pcwrjk lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ij eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA dejk ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k vkSj dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh] ifjokj dh izxfr esa ck/kk,¡] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA igyh] nlw jh] rhljh] pkFS kh] NBh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA



N W

E

lM+d

S

eafnj

cksfjaxdejk

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

VkWM

pcwrjk

lsfIVd VSad

xaHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj] cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] cqjh vknrsa] ,DlhMsaV o xEHkhj chekjh ls e`R;q Hkh laHko gSaA

xaHkhj izHkko %pcrw jk iow Z dkus s o lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVk g S o ;g Q'k Zd s ry l s ÅpaW k gAS blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h] VkWaM o jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

E lM+d S

dejk

eqeVh

NTtk

Nr¼[kqyk LFkku½

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku


N W




lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h vkSj LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

pc wrj s dk s rksM+dj gVk ns aA

lsfIVd VSad] cksfjax o eq[; }kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

N W

E

lM+d

S

eafnj

cksfjax

dejk

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

E

lM+d

S

dejk

NTtk

doj ,fj;k

eqeVh




czãLFkku

czãLFkku ls jlksbZ o VkW;ysV dh nhokj dks fn[kk, vuqlkj gVkdj cuk,¡A

N W

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


xEHkhj izHkko %dej k m R r j d k s u s o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko%dejk ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVk g]S bll s efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA


okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy, osclkbZV www.dwark adheeshvastu.com ns[ksa@eq¶r MkmuyksM djsaA

lkekU;

N

E SlM+d

W

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

lkekU;

lkekU;

Hkou

Nr

lM+d SE

Nr

eqeVh



vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll sifr&iRuh e as >xM s+ o ?kj e asekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

lM+d

dejk

N

S

W

E

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

VkWaM

VkW;ysV

nqdku

'kVj

vkaf'kd izHkko %lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj nf{k.k esa gS] blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o cqjh vknrsa laHko gSaaA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls /ku dh deh] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh o ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

czãLFkku

czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] blds v'kHk izHkko jgsaxsA


eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA ;g ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj nhokj ls vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

lM+d

dejk

N

S

W

E

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

VkWaM

VkW;ysV

nqdku

'kVj

lsfIVd VSad o eq[; }kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

Vk¡M dks dksuksa ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

czãLFkku

czãLFkku ls nhokj dks fn[kk, vuqlkj rksM+dj gVk nsaA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij nf{k.k esa eq[;}kj gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA Vk¡M o jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ij cuh gSA czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugh gSA bl Hkou esa eq[; efgyk o L=h larku chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpMk] eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] ?kj ds eqf[k;k vkSj dekus okys lnL;ksa dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij leL;k,¡ jgasxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kku jgsxhA

N W

Vadh

100 kg wt.

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq okLrq nks"kksa ds dkj.k ukFkZ&osLV ds Hkou esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko vkaf'kd jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy, osclkbZV ww w.dwar kadheeshvastu.com ns[ksa@eq¶r MkmuyksM djsaA

Å¡pk

fuekZ.k

N

S

W

ElM+d

[kky

h IykWV

cjkcj fuekZ.kv'kqHk

Hkou

v'kqHk

lkekU;

Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½xEHkhj izHkko %

lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %iow Z dkus s e as Vk;W yVs dk fuek.Z k g S o ikuh dh Vda h bld s Åij j[kh gAS bll si:q "kk as dk s xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ lra ku u gkus k o xHkiZ kr gkus k lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko % lkmFk&bZLV esa [kqyk LFkku gS] ftlls ;g Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij nf{k.k esa lsfIVd VSad gSA lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV esa [kqyk LFkku gS o lh<+h Hkh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkW;ysV iwoZ dksus ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gS] blls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku vkSj eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVk gksus ij de leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lM+d

SE

Nr

[kqyk LFkku

Vadh

VkW;ysV

N W


vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMaW mRrj dkus s o ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s /ku dh deh] efgyk, ¡ chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh alra ku dk s leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xaHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] LoHkko ftn~nh o fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh o cqjh vknrsa laHko gSaA

dejk

dejk

N W

jlksbZ

Nr dkNTtk

VkWM

VkWM

VkW;ysV

czãLFkku

lM+dSE

lsfIVd VSad

cksfjax

eq[; }kj


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq lkmFk&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

Vk¡M dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A


1- lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas

2- fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l sugh a lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa njw ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s+ dj ldr s gAaS

N

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad lM+d

dejk

dejk

S

W

E

Nr dkNTtk

VkWM

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

czãLFkku

eq[; }kj


fiyj fiyj


lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dadzzhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA Nr ij lhf<+;ksa dks fn[kk, vuqlkj eqeVh cukdj doj djsaA eqeVh nf{k.k dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj gksuh pkfg,A


1- VkW;ysV dh cuh gqbZ Nr dks rksM+dj gVk nsa


3- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA ijw h Nr dk ry ,d leku gh jguk t:jh gAS

ElM+d

S

tky Nr

doj ,fj;k

Vadh

eqeVh

N W


fiyjfiyj

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

N W

[kky

h Iy

kWV lkekU;

SElM+d

cjkcj fuekZ.k

Å¡pk

fue

kZ.k

Hkou

v'kqHk



lM+d

dejk

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad

vUMjxzkmUMokVj VSad Nr dk

NTtk

VkWM

cksfjax

xEHkhj izHkko %Ckksfjax if'pe esa gS o if'pe esa [kqyk LFkku gS ftlls fuekZ.k esa ;g dksuk dV x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


xEHkhj izHkko %Nr ds NTts dk iwoZ dksuk dVk gqvk gS] blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

eq[; }kj

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gS o NTts dk nf{k.k dksuk dVk gqvk gS] blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] cqjh vknrsa o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA


vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls /ku dh deh] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh o ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lM+d

dejk

SE

lsfIVd VSad

Nr

[kqyk LFkku

Nr

N W

tky Vadh

Vadh

lM+d

eqeVh Nr

SE


czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij nf{k.k esa lsfIVd VSad gSA lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gSA NTts dk iwoZ vkSj nf{k.k dksuk dV x;k gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA if'pe es [kqyk LFkku gS o cksfjax Hkh if'pe esa gh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj LoHkko fpMafpMk] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL;ksa dks ijs'kkuh jgsxhA dtZs] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij ijs'kku jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugh lVuh pkfg,A

dejk

VkW;ysV

VkWM


2- doj djus ds fy, cuh gqbZ Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

N W



fiyj

fiyj

ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko vkaf'kd jgsxkA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

N

S

W

ElM+d

[kky

h Iy

kWV

Å¡pk

fuekZ.k

Å¡pk

fuekZ.k

v'kqHk

Hkou

v'kqHk


lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[kuk loZJs"B gSA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

lh<+h dks ?kj ds vUnj gh cuk,¡A lh<+h vkSj lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ds chp fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap dh txg vo'; NksM+saA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

ElsfIVd VSad

Nr dkNTtk

vyekjh

VkWM

VkWM

tky

cksfjax

eq[; }kj

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA iwoZ dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA dejk ukFkZ&osLV] ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku vkSj eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVk gksus ij de leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dksus ls lVk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko%dejk ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS] blls efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

Nr

N

S

W

E

eqeVhVk;ysV

tky


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA






lM+d

dejk

E

doj ,fj;k

S

eqeVhVk;ysV

N W


fiyjfiyj


fiyjfiyj


xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dk sV Z&d sl ] i z ' k kl fud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

lsfIVd VSadNr dkNTtk

vyekjh

VkWM

VkWMtky

cksfjaxeq[; }kj

czãLFkku

xaHkhj izHkko %NTtk lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ij cuk gS o lsfIVd VSad vkSj cksfjax Hkh lkmFk&bZLV esa gSaA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

S

W

ElM+d

uhpk fue

kZ.k

uhpk fue

kZ.k

uhpk fue

kZ.k

v'kqHk

Hkou

v'kqHk'kqHk



N W

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eafnj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gkW¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

N W

lM+d

SE

Nr

eqeVh

1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus nks"k dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn VkW;ysV dh Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks cus gq, VkW;ysV dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

3- u, VkW;ysV dks if'pe esa MkWV~sM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh cuk,¡A

bZaVksa ds <+sj o otu dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA



N W

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poh larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

eq[; }kj

xEHkhj izHkko %lfs IVd VSda lkmFk&bZLV eas gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ? kVu k, ¡ ] d k s V Z&d sl ] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nlw jh o NBh lra ku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ij's kkuh jgxs hA

N W

lM+d

SE

Nr

VkW;ysV

eqeVh

xEHkhj izHkko %iwoZ dksus esa dqN otu j[kk gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lkmFk&bZLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA lkmFk&osLV esa cksfjax gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA iwoZ dksus esa dqN otu j[kk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku vkSj eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVk gksus ij de leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



lkekU;N

E SlM+d

W

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

lkekU;

Hkou

'kqHk

'kqHk izHkko %Hkou ds iwoZ Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gSA ;g 'kqHk gS] blls iq:"k lq[kh o LoLFk jgsaxs] eku&lEeku vkSj c<+sxk o in vkSj izfr"Bk dh izkfIr gksxh

xzkmUM ¶yksj ds fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA

N W

E

lM+d

dejk

S

nqdku

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lM+d

VDdj

VkW;ysV



N W

E

lM+d

S

jlksbZ

dejk

N W

E

lM+d

S

jlksbZ

dejk

doj ,fj;k




czãLFkku

VkW;ysV

eqeVh

VkW;ysV

eqeVh

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV] ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVdj dejs dk fuekZ.k gSA jlksbZ ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k vkSj dekus okys lnL;ksa dks ijs'kkuh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh] rhljh] pkSFkh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq lkmFk&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


xEHkhj izHkko%dejk ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVk g]S bll sefgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA


N

E SlM+d

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

[kkyh IykWV

v'kqHk

v'kqHk

Hkou

lkekU;

[kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsA doj djus ds fy, cuh gqbZ Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

vkaf'kd izHkko %mÙkj esa [kqyk LFkku gS] ftlls fuekZ.k esa ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA blls /ku dh deh o efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %Nr dk NTtk xksy gksus ls iwoZ dksuk dV x;k gS o lh<+h Hkh iwoZ dksus o bZLV&ukFkZbzZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gS] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

1- lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas

2- fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ iow Zdksus o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa njw ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s+ dj ldr s gAaS



lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax Nr dk NTtkeq[; }kj

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gS ftlls bl nhokj ij otu c<+ x;k gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax

[kqykLFkku

Nr dk NTtkeq[; }kj

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gSA NTtk xksy gksus ls iwoZ o nf{k.k dksus dV x, gSaA mRrj esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls fuekZ.k esa ;g dksuk dV x;k gSA Nr ij bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVdj eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA dejk ukFkZ&osLV o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh] nwljh] rhljh] pkSFkh] NBh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

SE

dejk

Nr

[kqykLFkku

NW

ukFk&Z bLZ V e asvU; fuokl gkus sd sdkj.k bl Hkou dk sÅtk Z feyxs hA fdUr qlkmFk&oLs V] lkmFk&bLZ V o ukFk&Z oLs V e as vU; fuokl u gkus s d s dkj.k Åtk Z dgh a ugh a tk,xhA bl Hkou e as okLr q nk"s kk as dk iHz kko vkfa'kd jgxs kA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vu qlkj doj djsaA



ikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

SE

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadhdejk

N W


fiyj

NTts ds uhps fn[kk, vuqlkj nks ;k pkj fiyj tehu ls 'kq: djrs gq, gj eafty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM+s djsa ftlls lHkh NTtksa dk otu fiyjksa ij vk tk,A ;k nhokj ds cjkcj rd NTtksa dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA NTts ds xksy Hkkx dks rksM+dj fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaA

fiyjfiyj

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


xEHkhj izHkko%dejk ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVk g]S bll s efgyk, ¡o i:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

v'kqHkN

S

W

ElM+d

[kky

hIy

kWV

uhpk fuekZ.k

'kqHk

Hkou

[kky

hIy

kWV

v'kqHk

ukFkZ&osLV Qsflax Hkouksa ds uD'kss

j



xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll s ifr&iRuh e as >xM s+ o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djus ls ;g nhokj ls ugha lVsxhA LySc fdlh Hkh gky esa ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

[kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA doj djus ds fy, cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM dk iz;ksx djsaA

vkaf'kd izHkko %iow Z e a s [kyq k LFkku g]S ftll s fuek.Z k e a s ;g Hkkx dV x;k gAS bll s i:q "kk a s dk s xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ lra ku u gkus k o xHkiZ kr gkus k lHa ko gAS

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax

[kqykLFkku

Nr dk NTtkeq[; }kj

cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %dej s dk fuek.Z k mÙkj dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V vkjS ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVk gAS blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

Nr

S W

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Vadh

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

eqeVh

S

dejk

[kqykLFkku

W

czãLFkku


2- fdlh Hkh gky e a s lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A


lM+d

dejk

dejk

S

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax

eq[; }kj

N

WNr dk NTtk

czãLFkku


2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh jguk pkfg,A

dejk

vkaf'kd izHkko %cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA blls eq[; efgyk o L=h larku chekj] ekufld v'kkfUr] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA iwoZ esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls fuekZ.k esa ;g dksuk dV x;k gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA dejk bZLV&lkmFkbZLV] ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh] nwljh] pkSFkh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA rhljh o lkroh a lra ku cVs h gkus s ij ml s vf/kd o cVs k gkus s ijml s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA ukFkZ&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS o lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS ] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

NENE

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

134,d rjQ lM+d lkmFk&osLV Qsflax Hkou

okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy, osclkbZV ww w.dwa rkadh eeshv astu. com ns[ksa@eq¶r MkmuyksM djsaA

[kkyhIykWV

N

v'kqHk

uhpk fuekZ.k

[kkyhIykWV

lM+d

v'kqHk

E

S W

'kqHk

Hkou

lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxh vkSj tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA



lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h o LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡ o igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gS] ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA



3- ;fn dejs dh Nr daØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks dks Hkh daØhV ls gh doj djsaA

4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh jguk pkfg,A

N

W

E

lM+d

S

dejk

eqeVh

doj ,fj;k

eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

N

W

E

lM+d

S

eafnj

cksfjax

dejk

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

pcwrjk

lsfIVd VSad

Nr dk NTtk

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij if'pe esa eq[;}kj] lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax gSA lh<+h o jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA dejk ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV] bZLV&lkmFkbZLV o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh] igyh] pkSFkh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA



N

W

E

lM+d

S

eafnj

cksfjaxdejk

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

pcwrjk

lsfIVd VSadNr dk

NTtk


vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk svf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ;}kj] ckfs jxa o lfs IVd VdaS if'pe e as gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

N

W

E

lM+d

S

dejk

eqeVhNr

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %dejs dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr gksuk] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %dejs dk fuekZ.k mÙkj dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV vkSj ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



czãLFkku ls nhokj dks fn[kk, vuqlkj gVkdj cuk,¡A

czãLFkku esa nhokj ds fuekZ.k ds v'kqHk izHkko gksaxsA

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

NE

SlM+d

W

lkekU; lkekU;

Hkou

lkekU; lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA



vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMaW mÙkj] iow Z dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s ?kj d sefq [k;k] deku s oky s lnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e as deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s jgsaxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA


jlkbs Z dh LycS o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAa s LycS fdlh Hkh gky e a s ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax nf{k.k esa gS] blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh] eku&lEeku esa deh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

czãLFkku esa nhokjksa dk fuekZ.k gSA blds v'kqHk izHkko jgssaxsA

efa nj dk s if'pe e as j[kuk loJZ "s B gAS bl LFkku ij efa nj gkus s l s ?kj e as Hkxoku d s okl dk ,glkl gkrs k g S o Hkxoku Lo; a ?kj dh j{kk djr sgAaS

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh Hkjdj candj djuk t:jh gSA


xaHkhj izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS if'pe e as g]S bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

eq[; }kj

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

Nr dkNTtk

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

eq[; }kj

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs h gkus s ij ml s vf/kd leL;k, ¡o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkkolkmFk&osLV esa [kqyk LFkku gS ftlls ;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks chekjh] ekufld v'kkfUr] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk Hkh laHko gSA

1- VkW;ysV dh igys ls cuh gqbZ Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsaA




S W

tky Nr

lM+d

S W

tky

Nr

[kqyk LFkku

Nr

Vadh

VkW;ysV

lhf<+;ksa dks eqeVh cukdj doj djsa o ikuh dh Vadh dks eqeVh dh Nr ij j[ksaA /;ku jgs fd eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls de ls de 1 QhV nwj jgsA

Nr dkNTtk

czãLFkku

lM+d

doj ,fj;k

xEHkhj izHkkolh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

Vadh

eqeVh

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij if'pe esa lsfIVd VSad gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M iwoZ o mRrj dksus vkSj ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA lkmFk&osLV esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls ;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

NE NE

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS ] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxh vkSj bu Hkouksa esa tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


czãLFkku ls nhokjksa dks fn[kk, vuqlkj gVkdj cuk,¡A


[kkyhIykWV

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

NE

SlM+d

W

'kqHk

v'kqHk lkekU;

Hkou




vkaf'kd izHkko %cksfjax czãLFkku esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o igyh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o iwjs oa'k dk uk'k laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj l slVh gbq Z g]S bll s ifr&iRuh e as >xM s+ o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM iwoZ dkus s o bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z gAS blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr gksuk] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls leL;k,¡ jgasxhA

e[q ; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ea s j[ksaA

VkWM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

1- Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA

2- ;fn Nr ij dksbZ fuekZ.k djuk gS rks bls lkmFk&osLV ;k if'pe esa MkWV~sM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

lM+d

dejk

N

S W

E

Nr dkNTtk

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

VkWaM

VkW;ysV

nqdku

'kVj

czãLFkku

eq[; czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA blds v'kqHk izHkko jgsaxsA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij if'pe esa eq[;}kj o lsfIVd VSad gSA Vk¡M o jlksbZ dh LySc bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA bl Hkou esa ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lM+d

dejk

S W

Nr dkNTtk

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjaxlsfIVd VSad

eafnj

VkWaM

VkW;ysV

nqdku

'kVj

NE

lM+d

N

S W

Nr

eqeVh

Vadh

E

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk o lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS ] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



eq[; czãLFkku ls nhokj dks fn[kk, vuqlkj gVkdj cuk,¡A

cjkcjfuekZ.k

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

uhpkfuekZ.k

NE

SlM+d

W

lkekU;v'kqHk v'kqHk

Hkou

lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA


jlksbZ dh LySc] lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h vkSj LySc nf{k.k dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

lM+d

dejkdejk

S

NE

W

ykWch

cksfjax

Nr dk NTtk

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

VkWMVkWaM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can dj nsaA


eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A eq[; }kj dks lgh txg ij j[kus ds fy, jlksbZ dks fn[kk, vuqlkj FkksM+k NksVk djsaA

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[; }kj lkmFk&osLV esa gSA if'pe esa lsfIVd VSad o cksfjax gSA lh<+h o jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M iwoZ o mRrj dksus vkSj ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV o eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVs gSaA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku vkSj iq:"kksa dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgasxhA



vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh g]S bll sifr&iRuh e as >xM s+ o ?kj e asekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMaW mÙkj] iow Z dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky slnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e as deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh g]S bll s efgyk, a chekj] i:q "kk as e as Hk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs h gkus s ij ml s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l sij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ;}kj lkmFk&oLs V e a s g]S bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]a s vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

lM+d

dejk dejk

S

NE

W

ykWch

cksfjax

Nr dkNTtk

VkWMVkWM

lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ

VkW;y

sV

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV o eqeVh dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ o nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mlsdks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+dS WVkW;ysV

tky

Nr

eqeVh

VadhVadh

czãLFkku

NE


1- VkW;ysV o eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn VkW;ysV o eqeVh dh Nr j[kuh vko';d gS( rks bls fn[kk, vuqlkj lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,¡A

lM+dS W

tky

Nr

VkW;ysV

eqeVh

VadhVadh

NE

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk o lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS ] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½




cjkcjfuekZ.k

uhpkfuekZ.k

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

NE

SlM+d

W

lkekU;

Hkou

v'kqHkv'kqHk



vkaf'kd izHkko %mÙkj esa [kqyk LFkku gS] ftlls fuekZ.k esa ;g dksuk dV x;k gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

lsfIVd VSad o vUMjxzkmUM okWVj VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus g, lsfIVd VSad o vUMjxzkmUM okWVj VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


xEHkhj izHkko %Nr ds NTts dk nf{k.k dksuk dVk gqvk gS o vUMjxzkmUM okWVj VSad Hkh nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k eku&lEeku esa deh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djs aA LySc lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A jlksbZ dh LySc dks fn[kk, vuqlkj nwljh nhokj ds lkFk cuk ldrs gSa ftlls dejs dk njoktk lgh txg ij cu ldsA

xEHkhj izHkko %Nr ds NTts dk if'pe dksuk dVk gqvk gS o lsfIVd VSad Hkh if'pe esa gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA


vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr gksuk] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls leL;k,¡ jgasxhA

[kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA doj djus ds fy, gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

xEHkhj izHkko %ikuh dh Vadh ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSa] blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


lM+d

dejk

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

N

S W

E

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad

vUMjxzkmUMokVj VSad

VkWM

cksfjax

eq[; }kj

jlksbZ

czãLFkku

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S W

E

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad

vUMjxzkmUMokVj VSad

VkWM

cksfjax

eq[; }kj

jlksbZ

lh<+h o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas lh<h+ fdlh Hkh gky e as ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

eqeVh

Nr

S W

tky

Vadh Vadh

NE

1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls ;g nks"k dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn eqeVh dh Nr j[kuh vko';d gS( rks bls fn[kk, vuqlkj ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, cuk,¡A

3- eqeVh nhokj ls ,d QhV ;k blls vf/kd nwj gksus ij okLrq nks"k ugha yxsxkA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij if'pe esa lsfIVd gS o NTts dk if'pe dksuk dV x;k gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA nf{k.k esa vUMjxzkmUM okWVj VSad gS o NTts dk nf{k.k dksuk dV x;k gSA Vk¡M bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA mRrj esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls fuekZ.k esa ;g dksuk dV x;k gSA Nr ij eqeVh osLV&ukFkZosLV o ikuh dh Vadh ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] cqjh vknrsa] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk, dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

eqeVh Nr

S W

Vadh

[kqyk LFkku

Nr

NE

Vadh

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS o lkmFk&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS ] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl Hkou dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq ukFkZ&osLV esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

czãLFkku


Å¡pkfuekZ.k

[kkyhIykWV

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

NE

SlM+d

W

v'kqHk

v'kqHk v'kqHk

Hkou





lM+d

dejk

N

W

E

doj ,fj;k

SeqeVhVk;ysV

lM+d

dejk

dejk

dejk

N

S W

E

lsfIVd VSad

Nr dk

NTtk

vyekjh

tky

cksfjax

eq[; }kj

VkWM

VkWM


VkWM dks nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A ldrs gSa o igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[kuk loZJs"B gS] ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

1- lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas

2- fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A


okLrq nks"kks a dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&osLV o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSaA Nr eqeVh osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA dejk ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV] bZLV&lkmFkbZLV o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku vkSj iq:"kksa dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ,DlhMsasV Hkh laHko gSaA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA



vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMW mÙkj dkus s o ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l slVh gAS bll s /ku dh deh] efgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %ckfs jxa lkmFk&oLs V e as gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj l slVk gAS blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ o nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkkoeqeVh osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

Nr

S W

eqeVhVk;ysV

NE

lM+d

dejk

dejk

dejk

N

S W

E

lsfIVd VSad

vyekjh

VkWM

VkWM

tky

cksfjax

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl ds Hkou uhps fufeZr gS ] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½



xEHkhj izHkko %dejs dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dksus o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr gksuk] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %dejs dk fuekZ.k mÙkj dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV vkSj ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy, osclkbZV www.dwarkadheeshvastu .com ns[ksa@eq¶r MkmuyksM djsaA

uhpkfuekZ.k

NE

SlM+d

W

'kqHk

uhpkfuekZ.k

uhpkfuekZ.k

Hkou

v'kqHk v'kqHk

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gSA cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gS o lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij nf{k.k dksus esa dqN otu j[kk gSA if'pe dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ij eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


N

W

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSadNr dk NTtk

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gS o lh<+h Hkh ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dts Z ] >xM+ s ] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dk sV Z&d sl] i z' k klfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

eq[; }kj

xaHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

VkW;ysV

czãLFkku


WlM+dS

Nr

VkW;ysV

xEHkhj izHkko %otu lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ o nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

eqeVh xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkkoVkW;ysV if'pe dksus ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

NE



cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

N

W

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax lsfIVd VSad

eq[; }kj

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[kuk loZJs"B gS] ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

otu dk s MkVW Ms ykbuZ }kjk fn[kkb Zxb Z txg e as j[kAas

WlM+d

S

Nr

eqeVh

1- eeq Vh dh Nr dk s rkMs d+ j fudkyu s l s ;g nk"s k dk iHz kko de gk s tk,xkA

2- ;fn eqeVh dh Nr j[kuh vko';d gS] rks bls ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls de ls de 3 QhV dh nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A eqeVh dh Å¡pkbZ de ls de j[ksa o bls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls doj djsaA blls bl nks"k dk izHkko vkaf'kd jg tk,xkA


5- ubZ lh<+h o eqeVh MkWV~sM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

VkW;ysV

Nr dk NTtk

VkW;ysV dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 1 QhV nwj cuk,¡A

NE

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS ] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½




cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

NE

SlM+d

W

lkekU;

Hkou

v'kqHklkekU;



cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eq[; }kj dks nf{k.k esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A

NTts ds dVs gq, dksus dks fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaA

cksfjaxN

W

E

S

ds uhps gSVkW;ysV lh<+h

jlksbZ

lsfIVdVSad

dejk

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d





5- ;fn iwjh Nr dks doj djuk laHko ugha gS rks igys ls cus gq, Hkkx dks rksM+dj gVkus ls Hkh okLrq nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

ikuh dh Vadh dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

1- lh<+h] LySc o nhokj ds chp dadzzhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ vkjS LycS iow Z dkus s l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A


EkqeVh

lM+d

N

W

E

S

LVksj

Vhu ’ksM

doj ,fj;k

Vadh


xEHkhj izHkko %fuekZ.k esa if'pe dksuk dV x;k gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk Hkh laHko gSA

Vadh

EkqeVh

lM+d

Nr

N

W

E

S

LVksj

Vhu ’ksM

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %Vhu'ksM dk fuekZ.k mÙkj dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV vkSj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %LVksj bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs k gkus s ij vf/kd vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l sij's kkuh jgxs hA


xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %Nr ds NTts dk nf{k.k dksuk dVk gqvk gS o cksfjax Hkh blh Hkkx esa gSA blls efgyk chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] ekufld v'kkfUr o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

N

W

E

S

ds uhps gSVkW;ysV lh<+h

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

lsfIVdVSad

dejk

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

czãLFkku

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA LVksj bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA Vhu 'ksM o eqeVh dk dqN Hkkx ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA Vhu'ksM mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] izxfr u gksuk] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL;ksa dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVh gksus ij vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVk gksus ij vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl ds Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½




Å¡pkfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

NE

SlM+d

W

lkekU;

v'kqHk

Hkou

lkekU;


xaHkhj izHkko %cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o igyh larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj o mÙkj dksus ls lVh gS] blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %Hkou esa if'pe dksuk c<+ x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA eq[; }kj if'pe esa gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA

'kqHk izHkko %ukFk&Z bLZ V o iow Z Hkkx c< + jgk g]S ;g 'kHq k gAS bll s v'kHq k ifj.kkek as e as deh gkxs hA

WS

NE

dejk

lM+dNr dk NTtk

dejk

jlksbZ

dejk

ykWch

tky

vyekjh

eafnj

cksfjax

czãLFkku


if'pe o iwoZ nksuks Hkkx c<+usa ls bl ?kj esa iq:"kksa dk izHkqRo vf/kd jgsxk o bl ?kj esa efgyk,¡ ugh jgsaaxhA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA if'pe dksuk c<+ x;k gSA eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA LySc mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij lkmFk&osLV o ukFkZosLV esa [kqyk LFkku gSA VkW;ysV if'pe dksus esa cuk gSA bl Hkou esa ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku vkSj iq:"kksa dks xaHkhj chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] eku&lEeku esa deh] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA efgyk,¡ vkaf'kd chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA



2- doj djus ds fy, igys ls cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh lkexzh ls Hkkjh ;k leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA

3- ;fn cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks daØhV ls doj djsaA


eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA blls nf{k.k dksuk dVus o if'pe dksuk c<+us ds nks"k nwj gks tk,¡xsA

c<+s gq, Hkkx dks fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaA

LycS dh txg ij ydMh+ ;k ykgs s dk dkmVa j i;z kxs dj ldr s g aS ftle as uhp s dh rjQ ifg, o ihN s dh rjQ de l s de 3 bpa d s xVq d syx s gk as ftll s ;g nhokj l s u lVAs

cksfjax dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

S

E

dejk

lM+d

dejk

jlksbZdejk

ykWchvyekjh

eafnj

cksfjax

W

N

tky

Nr dk NTtk


2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap dh txg NksM+dj ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA

dejs esa MkWVsM ykbZu ls fn[kk, vuqlkj 2-5 QhV Å¡ph nhokj [kM+h djsaA blls bl dejs dk iz;ksx djus okys lnL; dks if'pe dksuk c<+us dk nks"k ugha yxsxkA

S

lM+d

Vadh

W

VkW;ysV

E N

doj ,fj;k

'ksM


xEHkhj izHkko %lkmFk&oLs V o ukFk&Z oLs V e as [kyq k LFkku g]S ftll s ;g Hkkx gYdk gk sx;k gAS bll s efgyk, a o i:q "k chekj] ?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku dk s chekjh] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk lHa ko gAS dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

VkW;ysV

WS

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

xEHkhj izHkkoVkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k if'pe dksus ls lVk gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

[kqyk LFkku

NE

tky

'ksM

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkou ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl Hkou ds lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl ds Hkou uhpk fufeZr gS ] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk Hkou cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½




cjkcjfuekZ.k

uhpkfuekZ.k

NE

SlM+d

W

'kqHk

uhpkfuekZ.k

lkekU;

Hkou

v'kqHk

ukFkZ&osLV Qsflax Hkouksa ds uD'kss

j


Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys½

vkaf'kd izHkko %lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj ]cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk ] tsy tkuk ] ,DlhMsaV Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lM+d Vs<+h gksus ds dkj.k mRrj Hkkx dV x;k gS] fdUrq eq[; }kj mRrj esa gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dkQh de jgsxkA

lM+d

jlksbZ

dejk

N

SE

W

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad cksfjax

ykWch

eq[; }kj

'kqHk izHkko%edku esa iwoZ Hkkx c<+ jgk gS] blls v'kqHk izHkkoksa esa deh vk,xhA

lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


N Tt s d k s fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaA

lM+d

jlksbZ

dejk

S

W

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad

ykWch

N

E

cksfjaxeq[; }kj

lM+dN

W

eqeVh

Nr

czãLFkku

Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½

ckWyduh Åijh eaftyksa ij izHkko %ckWyduh dk mRrj Hkkx dV x;k gSA ;fn iwjs Hkou esa ,d gh ifjokj fuokl djrk gS rks xzkmUM ¶yksj esa mRrj esa eq[; }kj gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko vkaf'kd jg tk,xkA fdUrq ;fn Åijh eafty esa dksbZ vU; ifjokj jgsxk rks Åijh eafty ds fuokfl;ksa ij ;g izHkko xaHkhj jgsaxsA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA if'pe c<+us ds dkj.k bl Hkou esa iq:"kksa dk izHkqRo vf/kd jgsxkA

lM+dN

W

eqeVh

Nr

ckWyduh

NTts dk otu fiyj ds Åij gh jguk pkfg,A ckWyduh dks fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaA

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij if'pe esa lsfIVd VSad gSA lM+d Vsa<+h gksus ls mRrj Hkkx dV x;k gSA ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij NTts dk mRrj Hkkx dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] efgykvksa dk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] iq:"kksa esa cqjh vknrsa o ?kj ls ckgj jguk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

lkmFk&bLZ V o ukFk&Z bLZ V e asvU; fuokl gkus sd sdkj.k bl edku dk sÅtk Z feyxs hA fdUr qlkmFk&oLs V o lkmFk&bLZ V d s Hkouk as e as Åtk Z tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou e as okLr q nk"s kk as dk iHz kko de gk s tk,xkA

SE

SE

xaHkhj izHkko %NTtk ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj ij cuk gAS blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

fiyjfiyj

fiyjfiyj

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

144,d rjQ lM+d ukFkZ&osLV Qsflax Hkou

lkekU;

lM+d

N

S

W

E

cjkcj

fuekZ.k

Å¡pk

fuekZ.k

Å¡pk

fuekZ.k

'kqHk v'kqHk

edku



NW

E

lM+d

S

eafnj

cksfjaxdejk

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

VkWM

pcwrjk

lsfIVd VSad

xaHkhj izHkko %pcrw jk ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l slVk gqvk g S o ;g Q'k Z d s ry l s Åp¡ k gAS blls efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMaW ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll s ijw k ifjokj chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku dh deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk sleL;k, a jgxas hA

NW

E

lM+d

S

dejk

eqeVh

NTtk

Nr¼[kqyk LFkku½ 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM

}kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA




xEHkhj izHkko %dejs dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dksus o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls iwjk ifjokj chekj] ijs'kku] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] izxfr u gksuk] iq:"kksa Hk;] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

NW

E

lM+d

S

dejk

eqeVh

NTtk

doj ,fj;k

cãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA


VkWaM dks ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

pcwrjs dks rksM+dj gVk nsA

NW

E

lM+d

S

cksfjaxdejk

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

eafnj dks if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij pcwrjk ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o iwoZ dksus ls lVdj dejs dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh o ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVh gksus ij vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

xEHkhj çHkko %dejk lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkmFk&bLZ V o ukFk&Z bLZ V e as vU; fuokl gkus s d s dkj.k bl edku dk s Åtk Z feyxs hA fdUr q lkmFk&oLs V o lkmFk&bLZ V d s Hkouk as e as Åtk Z tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou e as okLr q nk"s kk as dk iHz kko de gk s tk,xkA

cãLFkku ls nhokj dks fn[kk, vuqlkj gVkdj cuk,¡A


lkekU;

N

ES

lM+d

W

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

lkekU; lkekU;

edku



[kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA doj djus ds fy, cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

eq[;}kj o cksfjax dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

dejk

N

S

W

E

doj ,fj;k





lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij if'pe esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax dk fuekZ.k gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ij cuh gSA nf{k.k esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls fuekZ.k esa ;g dksuk dV x;k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o iwoZ dksus ls lVdj dejs dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh o ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVh gksus ij vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVh gksus ij vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA



xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj vkjS ckfs jxa if'pe e as gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

vkaf'kd izHkko %nf{k.k esa [kqyk LFkku gS] ftlls fuekZ.k esa ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] ekufld v'kkfUr o LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh gksxkA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+sxsa o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

[kqykLFkku

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj ]dtsZ] >xM+ s ] i z'kklfud leL;k, ¡ fnokfy;k gksuk o rhljh vkSj lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

dejk

Nr

NW

[kqykLFkku

S E

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq lkmFk&osLV ds Hkou esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA




S E

lM+d

uhpk Iy

kWV

uhpk fuekZ.k

NW

[kky

h Iy

kWV 'kqHk

edku

v'kqHk

v'kqHk



lM+d

dejk

N

S

W

E

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

VkWaM

VkW;ysV

nqdku

'kVj

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM nf{k.k dkus s l s lVh gbq Z g]S blls efgyk,¡ vkaf'kd chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o nwljh vkSj NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

eq[; }kj

lM+d

NW

ikuh dh Vadh

Nr

eqeVh

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %ikuh dh Vadh o dqN otu iwoZ dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh ] H k; yxuk ] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA


okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVdj lh<+h dk fuekZ.k gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVdj eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA iwoZ dksus esa dqN otu o ikuh dh Vadh j[kh gSA bl Hkou esa iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL;ksa dks leL;k,¡] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVk gksus ij vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

S E



1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj nhokj ls vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugh lVuh pkfg,A



lM+d

dejk

N

S

W

E

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

VkWaM

VkW;ysV

nqdku

'kVj

eq[; }kj

lM+dN

S

W

E

ikuh dh Vadh

Nr

eqeVh

1- eeq Vh dk s rkMs d+ j fudkyu sl s ;g nk"s k njw gk s tk,xkA

2- ;fn eeq Vh j[kuh vfuok; Z g Srk s bl s fn[kk, vulq kj e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 QhV njw fn[kk, vulq kj cuk,A¡ eeq Vh dh ÅpaW kb Z de l s de j[k as o bl s gYdh lkexhz tlS sQkbcZ j 'khV ;k Vhu 'kMs l sdoj djAas bll s bl nk"s k dk iHz kko vkfa 'kd jg tk,xkA

3- nk"s k dk s ijw h rjg l s njw dju sd s fy, igy s l s cuh gbq Zlh<h+ o eeq Vh dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas

4- ub Z lh<h+ o eeq Vh dk s MkVW Ms~ ykbuZ l s fn[kkb Z xb Z txg e asdkus s l s de l s de 3 QhV njw cuk,A¡

ikuh dh Vadh o otu dks if'pe esa dksus ls de ls de 1 QhV nwj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

nhokj ds ftrus Hkkx dk fuekZ.k czãLFkku esa gS] mrus Hkkx dh nhokj dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

czãLFkku

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq lkmFk&bZLV o lkmFk&osLV ds Hkou esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkAv'kqHk

[kky

h Iy

kWV

Å¡pk fuekZ.k

N

S

W

E

lM+d

uhpk fuekZ.k

'kqHk

edku

'kqHk



xEHkhj çHkko %VkWM lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj o ckfs jxa if'pe e as g]S bll s?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku chekj ]cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k o tys tkuk ],DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM iwoZ dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll s jlkbs Z d s [kp Zsc<xas+ s o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

lM+d

N

S

W

E

Nr

[kqyk LFkku

Vadh

VkW;ysV xaEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVhZ gSA blls efgyk, ¡ chekj ] / ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFk&Z oLs V e as [kyq k LFkku g]S ftll s;g Hkkx uhpk gk s x;k gAS efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] rhljh lra ku o lkroh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko%VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k if'pe dksus esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA




lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡ ftlls vU; njokts lgh txg ij cu ldsaA

cksfjax o eq[;}kj dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

VkW;ysV dks igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ls gVkdj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk ldrs gSa ftlls eq[;}kj lgh txg ij cuk;k tk ldsA

lM+d

N

S

W

E

Nr

doj ,fj;k

1- [kyq s g,q Hkkx dk s 'kMs }kjk fn[kk, vulq kj doj djAa s

2- doj dju s d s fy, ihN s cu s g,q Hkkx dh Nr d s fuek.Z k e a s i;z kxs dh xb Z lkexhz d s leku lkexhz dk i;z kxs djAa s

3- ;fn cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr daØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh daØhV ls gh doj djsaA

4- ijw h Nr dk ry ,d leku gh jguk pkfg,A


2- fdlh Hkh gky e a s lh<h+ mRrj dkus ]s ukFk&Z bLZ V o ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokjk a s l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A



2- fdlh Hkh gky e a s lh<h+ mRrj dkus so ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s ugh alVuh pkfg,A


czãLFkku

VkW;ysV

Vadh

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij if'pe esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ij cuh gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj o iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV esa [kqyk LFkku gS ftlls ;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA if'pe dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA lh<+h mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq lkmFk&osLV ds Hkou esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

N

S

W

E

lM+d

cjkcj fuekZ.k

[kky

h Iy

kWV

Å¡pk fuekZ.k

'kqHk lkekU;

v'kqHk

edku


Nr

lM+d

dejk dejk

S

N

E

W

ykWch

cksfjax

Nr dkNTtk

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV


xEHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

eq[; }kj o cksfjax dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

xaHkhj izHkko %cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] Hk;] eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku csVk gksus ij mls leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lM+d

dejk dejk

S

N

E

W

ykWch

cksfjax

Nr dk NTtk

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV


czãLFkku

czãLFkku

lM+d

S

N

E

W

VkW;ysV

tky

Nr

eqeVh

VadhVadh

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA cksfjax if'pe esa gSA Vk¡M iwoZ dksus o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA NTts dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ij gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks mls leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA



fiyjfiyj

NTts dk otu fiyj ds Åij gh jguk pkfg,A ckWyduh dks fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaA

fiyjfiyj

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq lkmFk&bZLV o lkmFk&osLV ds Hkou esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA


v'kqHk

S

N

E

WlM+d

cjkcj fuekZ.k

[kky

h Iy

kWV

uhpk fuekZ.k

'kqHkv'kqHk

edku

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj vkSj vUMjxzkmUM okWVj VSad if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

eq[; }kj o vUMjxzkmUM okWVj VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, vUMjxzkmUM okWVj VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %iwoZ esa [kqyk LFkku gS ftlls fuekZ.k esa ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ lra ku u gkus k o xHkiZ kr gkus k lHa ko gAS

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM nf{k.k dkus s l s lVh gbq Z g]S blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<h+ ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s ?kj d s deku s oky s lnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku e as deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA



xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh Hkh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

eqeVh

Nr

N

S

W

E

tky

Vadh

Vadh

lM+d

eqeVh

Nr

N

S

W

E

tky

Vadh

Vadh

1- eqeVh dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls ;g nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn eqeVh j[kuh vfuok;Z gS rks bls fn[kk, vuqlkj eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A eqeVh dh ÅWapkbZ de ls de j[ksa o bls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj 'khV ;k Vhu 'ksM ls doj djsaA blls bl nks"k dk izHkko vkaf'kd jg tk,xkA

3- nk"s k dk s ijw h rjg l s njw dju s d sfy, igy s l s cuh gbq Z lh<h+ o eeq Vh dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas

4- ub Z lh<h+ o eeq Vh dk s MkVW Ms~ ykbuZ l s fn[kkb Z xb Z txg e as dkus sl s de l s de 3 QhV njw cuk,A¡

1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daaØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A



[kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA doj djus ds fy, cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu'ksM bR;kfn dk iz;ksx djsaA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad

vUMjxzkmUMokVj VSad

VkWM

tky

cksfjax

lM+d

dejk

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

lsfIVdVSad

vUMjxzkmUMokVj VSad

VkWM

tky

cksfjax

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj o vUMjxzkmUM okWVj VSad if'pe esa gSSA lh<+h ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA iwoZ esa [kqyk LFkku gS ftlls fuekZ.k esa ;g Hkkx dV x;k gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSa] blls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa esa cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ,DlhMsaV Hkh laHko gSaA efgyk,¡ vkaf'kd chekj jgsaxh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL;ksa dks leL;k,¡] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkmFk&bLZ V o ukFk&Z bLZ V e asvU; fuokl gkus sd sdkj.k bl edku dk sÅtk Z feyxs hA fdUr qlkmFk&oLs V o lkmFk&bLZ V d s Hkouk as e as Åtk Z tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou e as okLr q nk"s kk as dk iHz kko vkfa 'kd gk s tk,xkA


v'kqHk

N

S

W

E

lM+d[kky

h Iy

kWV

Å¡pk

fuekZ.k

Å¡pk

fuekZ.kv'kqHk v'kqHk

edku



eq[; }kj o cksfjax dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can dj nsaA


lh<+h dks nhokj ls fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap dh nwj cukus ls okLrq nks"k ugha gksxkA


2- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA

3- ;fn dejs dh Nr daaØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh daaØhV ls gh doj djsaA


5- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks doj djus ls lHkh nks"k nwj gks tk,¡xsA

Lysc dks fn[kk, vuqlkj nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 bap nwj cuk,¡A

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

lsfIVd VSad

vyekjh

tky

cksfjax

VkWM

VkW;ysV

czãLFkku

jlksbZ

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj if'pe esa gSA cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA lh<+h mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkW¡M bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA dejk lkmFk&bZLV] bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o iwoZ dksus ls lVk gSA VkW;ysV if'pe dksus ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh o ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxh] csVh gksus ij vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA



xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h mRrj dksus ls lVh gS] blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %cksfjax ukFkZ&oLs V eas gS blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj if'pe ea s gAS blls ?kj ds efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀;q Hkh lHa ko gAS

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM iwoZ dksus o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vkaf'kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ifr&iRuh esa FkksM+s >xM+s jgsaxsA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh mRrj dkus s l s lVh gbq Z g S blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh o LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA


xEHkhj izHkko%VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k if'pe dksus esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

lsfIVd VSad

vyekjh

VkWM

tky

cksfjax

VkW;ysV

czãLFkku

jlksbZ


lM+d

Nr

NW

eqeVhVk;ysV

tky

dejk

S E

lM+d NW

doj ,fj;k

Vk;ysVeqeVh

dejk

ES

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq lkmFk&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV ds Hkouksa esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkAv'kqHk

N

S

W

E

lM+duhpk fue

kZ.k

uhpk fue

kZ.k

uhpk fue

kZ.k

'kqHk

edku

v'kqHk



eq[; }kj dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daaØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

NW

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

Nr dk NTtk

NW

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad Nr dk

NTtk

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gk suk ] / ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj if'pe esa gSA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

NW lM+d

S E

Nr

dejk

eqeVh

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh o dejk ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

NW

lM+d

S E

dejk

eqeVh

doj ,fj;k







czãLFkku czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko%dejs dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj o if'pe dksus ls lVk gS] blls efgyk,¡ chekj] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jguk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj if'pe esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij dejk ukFkZ&osLV o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVk gSA eqeVh ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa iwjk ifjokj chekj] ijs'kku] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] iq:"kksa esa cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh] rhljh] pkSFkh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA



fiyj fiyj

NTts dk otu fiyj ds Åij gh jguk pkfg,Afiyjfiyj

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkmFk&bLZ V o ukFk&Z bLZ V e as vU; fuokl gkus s d s dkj.k bl edku dk s Åtk Z feyxs hA fdUr q lkmFk&oLs V o lkmFk&bLZ V d s Hkouk as e as Åtk Z tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou e as okLr q nk"s kk as dk iHz kko de gk s tk,xkA

czãLFkku ls nhokj dks fn[kk, vuqlkj gVk dj cuk,¡A

N

ES

lM+d

W

cjkcjfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

v'kqHklkekU;

edku

lkekU;



NW

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

xEHkhj izHkko %edku ds if'pe Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gSA ;g v'kqHk gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

lM+d

VDdj

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

cksfjax o eq[;}kj dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

NW

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lM+d

VDdj

lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daaØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h vkSj LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

NW

E

lM+d

S

jlksbZ

dejk

doj ,fj;k

1- edku ds ftrus Hkkx esa VDdj yx jgh gS mlds lkeus fn[kk, vuqlkj nks nhokjsa [kM+h djsaA

2- nhokjsa de ls de 4-5 bap eksVh o 8 QhV ÅWaph gksa vkSj buds chp de ls de 4 bap dh [kkyh txg gksuh pkfg,A

3- bu nhokjksa vkSj eq[; nhokj ds chp pyus ;ksX; txg vo'; NksM+saA

4- Nr ij NTts dk vkdkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj pkSjl gh jgs ;g dksuk ugha dVuk pkfg,A


eq[; nhokj

eq[; n

hokj

4 bap

eq[;

nhokj







nhokjsa

czãLFkku

czãLFkku


NW

E

lM+d

S

jlksbZ

dejk

vkaf'kd izHkko %Nr ij fuekZ.k esa mRrj dksuk dV x;k gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA


xEHkhj izHkko %dejk iwoZ dksus o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] izxfr u gksuk o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij if'pe esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax gS o if'pe Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj Hkh yx jgh gSA lh<+h o jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij dejk lkmFk&bZLV] bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o iwoZ dksus ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa mRrj dksuk dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa esa cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ,DlhMsaV Hkh laHko gSaA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL;ksa dks leL;k,¡ /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxhA fdUrq lkmFk&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV ds Hkouksa esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA


v'kqHk

N

ES

lM+d

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

cjkcjfuekZ.k

lkekU;'kqHk

edku

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

,d rjq lm+d e oklrq ds vuqlkj 'ksm }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds ... book/hindi/2_one...oklrq ds...

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