daftar isi - repositori unjani
TRANSCRIPT
iii
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................. ii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ iii DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR SINGKATAN DAN LAMBANG .............................................................. xi BAB 1 Pendahuluan ................................................................................................. 1-1
Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1-1 Rumusan masalah ................................................................................. 1-1
Tujuan penulisan ................................................................................... 1-2 Batasan Masalah ................................................................................... 1-2 Manfaat penelitian ................................................................................ 1-2 Sitematika penulisan ............................................................................. 1-2
BAB 2 Tinjauan pustaka .......................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Tinjauan Umum .................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Peraturan ............................................................................................... 2-1
2.3 Spesifikasi Bahan .................................................................................. 2-2 2.4 Pembebanan .......................................................................................... 2-2
2.4.1 Beban Mati ................................................................................ 2-2
2.4.2 Beban Hidup ............................................................................. 2-3 2.4.3 Kombinasi Pembebanan ............................................................ 2-3
2.5 Persyaratan Umum Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa untuk Gedung .. ..2-5 2.5.1 Gempa Rencana ........................................................................ 2-5
2.5.2 Analisa Perencanaan Terhadap Gempa .................................... 2-6 2.5.3 Klasifikasi Situs ........................................................................ 2-8
2.5.4 Koefisien situs dan Parameter Respon Spektra .β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦... 2-9
2.5.5 Kategori Desain Seismik ......................................................... 2-12 2.5.6 Faktor Redundansi .................................................................. 2-14 2.5.7 Geser Dasar Seismik ............................................................... 2-14
2.5.8 Distribusi Vertikal Gaya Gempa ............................................. 2-15 2.5.9 Distribusi Horizontal Gaya Gempa ......................................... 2-16 2.5.10 Penentuan Simpangan Antar Lantai ........................................ 2-17
2.6 Perencanaan Struktur Atas .................................................................. 2-17 2.6.1 Perencanaan Struktur Pelat ..................................................... 2-17
2.6.2 Perencanaan Struktur Kolom .................................................. 2-21 2.6.3 Perencanaan Struktur Balok .................................................... 2-23
2.7 Struktur Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus (SRPMK) ........................ 2-24
2.7.1 Persyaratan Detailing Komponen Struktur Lentur SRPMK...2-24 2.7.2 Persyaratan Detailing Komponen Struktur SRPM yang
Menerima Kombinasi Lentur dan Beban Aksialβ¦β¦β¦β¦β¦.2-28 2.7.3 Joint Rangka Momen Khusus ................................................. 2-30
2.7.4 Dinding Geser ......................................................................... 2-31 2.7.5 Elemen Pembatas Dinding Struktur Khusus ........................... 2-32
2.8 Perencanaan Struktur Tangga ............................................................. 2-32
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2.9 Perencanaan Beban lift / Elevator ....................................................... 2-33 2.10 Perencanaan Struktur Bawah .............................................................. 2-34
2.10.1 Perencanaan Pondasi ............................................................... 2-35 2.10.2 Perancangan Sloof .................................................................. 2-39 2.10.3 Perancangan Pile cap .............................................................. 2-39
BAB 3 Metodologi ................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Metode Pengumpulan Data ................................................................... 3-2 3.2.1 Data Teknis ............................................................................... 3-2 3.2.2 Data Non Teknis ....................................................................... 3-3
3.3 Studi Pustaka ........................................................................................ 3-8 3.4 Perhitungan Preliminary Design ........................................................... 3-8
3.4.1 Preliminary Balok ..................................................................... 3-8 3.4.2 Preliminary Pelat ..................................................................... 3-12
3.4.3 Preliminary Kolom .................................................................. 3-19 3.5 Permodelan dan Analisis Struktur ...................................................... 3-21 3.6 Pembebanan ........................................................................................ 3-22
3.6.1 Beban Statik ............................................................................ 3-22
3.6.2 Beban Hidup ........................................................................... 3-22 3.6.3 Beban Mati .............................................................................. 3-22
3.6.4 Beban Mati Tambahan ............................................................ 3-23 3.6.5 Beban Dinamis ........................................................................ 3-23 3.6.6 Beban Gempa .......................................................................... 3-23
3.7 Gambar Desain Elemen Struktur ........................................................ 3-23 3.8 Perhitungan Data Tanah ..................................................................... 3-23
3.9 Perhitungan Beban .............................................................................. 3-25 3.9.1 Beban Gravitasi ....................................................................... 3-25
3.9.2 Beban Gempa .......................................................................... 3-26 3.9 Analisa Struktur .................................................................................. 3-31 3.10 Output Gaya ........................................................................................ 3-31
3.11 Perhitungan Penulangan ..................................................................... 3-31
3.12 Hasil Analisa ....................................................................................... 3-31 BAB 4 Analisa Struktur ........................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Aplikasi Pembebanan Gedung .............................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 Beban Gempa ............................................................................ 4-1 4.1.2 Beban Hidup ............................................................................. 4-2
4.1.3 Beban Mati Tambahan .............................................................. 4-2 4.2 Ketidakberaturan Bangunan ................................................................. 4-6
4.2.1 Ketidakberaturan Horizontal ..................................................... 4-6 4.2.2 Ketidakberaturan Vertikal ......................................................... 4-9
4.3 Analisis Model .................................................................................... 4-11
4.3.1 Analisis Partisipasi Massa ....................................................... 4-11 4.3.2 Cek Periode ............................................................................. 4-12 4.3.3 Analisis Geser Dasar Nominal (V) ........................................ 4-15 4.3.4 Evaluasi Kinerja Struktur ........................................................ 4-15
BAB 5 Perhitungan Struktur Atas ............................................................................ 5-1 5.1 Perhitungan Tangga .............................................................................. 5-1
5.1.1 Perhitungan Tulangan Pelat ...................................................... 5-1
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5.1.2 Perhitungan Tulangan Bordes ................................................... 5-3 5.2 Perhitungan Pelat Lantai ....................................................................... 5-4
5.2.1 Perhitungan Pelat Lantai Satu Arah .......................................... 5-4 5.2.2 Perhitungan Pelat dua Arah....................................................... 5-8
5.3 Perhitungan Balok .............................................................................. 5-14 5.3.1 Hitung keperluan baja tulangan untuk menahan momen
lentur. ... β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦ . 5-16
5.3.2 Hitung probable momen Capacities (Mpr) ............................. 5-27 5.3.3 Diagram Gaya Geser ............................................................... 5-29 5.3.4 Lap splicing untuk bentang menerus ...................................... 5-35
5.4 Perhitungan Kolom ............................................................................. 5-44 5.5 Desain Hubungan Balok - Kolom SRPMK ........................................ 5-53
5.6 Dinding Geser ..................................................................................... 5-56 BAB 6 Perhitungan Struktur Bawah ........................................................................ 6-1
6.1 Desain Elemen Struktur Bawah ............................................................ 6-1 6.1.1 Perencanaan Bore Pile .............................................................. 6-1 6.1.2 Penurunan ................................................................................. 6-3 6.1.3 Pembebanan .............................................................................. 6-4
6.1.4 Desain Konfigurasi dan Efisiensi Kelompok Tiang ................. 6-5 6.1.5 Efisiensi dan daya dukung kelompok tiang .............................. 6-6
6.1.6 Kontrol beban maksimum tiang ................................................ 6-7 6.1.7 Kontrol geser pons dari kolom .................................................. 6-8
6.2 Pondasi Tiang Dengan Tumpuan Elastis ............................................ 6-10
6.2.1 Penulangan Pile cap ................................................................ 6-14 6.2.2 Penulangan Bore pile .............................................................. 6-14
BAB 7 Rencana Anggaran Biaya............................................................................. 7-1 7.1 Data Umum Proyek .............................................................................. 7-1
7.2 Jenis-jenis Pekerjaan Di Proyek ........................................................... 7-1 7.3 Menentukan Harga Satuan Pekerjaan ................................................... 7-1 7.4 Menghitung jumlah biaya pekerjaan .................................................... 7-2
7.5 Rekapitulasi .......................................................................................... 7-3
BAB 8 Kesimpulan dan Saran ................................................................................. 8-1 8.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 8-1 8.2 Saran ..................................................................................................... 8-3
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................. xii
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Peta Respons Spectra Percepatan 0,2 detik di Batuan Dasar Ss untuk
Probabilitas Terlampaui 2% dalam 50 tahun (redaman 5%) .......... 2-10 Gambar 2.2 Peta Respons Spectra Percepatan 1 detik di Batuan Dasar Ss untuk
Probabilitas Terlampaui 2% dalam 50 tahun (redaman 5%) .......... 2-10 Gambar 2.3 Spektrum Respons Desain ............................................................. 2-12
Gambar 2.4 Penampang untuk perhitungan Is dan Ib balok tepi ........................ 2-20 Gambar 2.5 Penampang untuk perhitungan Is dan Ib balok interior .................. 2-21 Gambar 2.6 Distribusi Tegangan Pada Penampang Kolom ............................... 2-22 Gambar 2.7 Diagram Interaksi P-M ................................................................... 2-23
Gambar 2.8 Distribusi Regangan dan Tegangan Beton pada Kondisi Ultimit .. 2-24 Gambar 2.9 Ketentuan Dimensi Penampang Balok........................................... 2-24 Gambar 2.10 Persyaratan Tulangan Lentur ....................................................... 2-25 Gambar 2.11 Kombinasi Lentur dan Persyaratan Minimum Kuat Lentur ......... 2-26
Gambar 2.12 Persyaratan Sambungan Lewatan ................................................ 2-26
Gambar 2.13 Persyaratan Tulangan Transversal .............................................. 2-27 Gambar 2.14 Geser Desain untuk Balok dan Kolom ......................................... 2-28
Gambar 2.15 Sambungan Lewatan Pada Kolom ............................................... 2-29 Gambar 2.16 Sketsa Tangga .............................................................................. 2-32 Gambar 2.17 Elevator Jenis 2 Unit .................................................................... 2-33
Gambar 3.1 Flow Chart ........................................................................................ 3-1 Gambar 3.2 Lokasi Hotel (Jalan Khatib Sulaiman no.47F, Padang) ................... 3-3
Gambar 3.3 Denah Lantai 1 ................................................................................. 3-4 Gambar 3.4 Denah Lantai 2 ................................................................................ 3-4
Gambar 3.5 Denah Lantai 3 ................................................................................. 3-4 Gambar 3.6 Denah Lantai 4-9 .............................................................................. 3-5
Gambar 3.7 Gambar Denah Lantai Atap ............................................................. 3-5 Gambar 3.8 Gambar Potongan B ......................................................................... 3-5 Gambar 3.9 Gambar potongan A ......................................................................... 3-6 Gambar 3.10 Tampak Depan ............................................................................... 3-6
Gambar 3.11 Tampak Samping ........................................................................... 3-7 Gambar 3.12 Tampak Belakang .......................................................................... 3-7 Gambar 3.13 Pembalokan Lantai 2 ...................................................................... 3-8 Gambar 3.14 Pembalokan Lantai 3 ...................................................................... 3-8 Gambar 3.15 Pembalokan Lantai 4-9 .................................................................. 3-9
Gambar 3.16 Pembalokan Lantai Atap ................................................................ 3-9 Gambar 3.17 Pembalokan Atap ........................................................................... 3-9 Gambar 3.18 Penampang Balok Induk .............................................................. 3-10
Gambar 3.19 Penampang Balok Kantilever ....................................................... 3-11 Gambar 3.20 Penampang Balok Anak ............................................................... 3-12 Gambar 3.21 Tebal Pelat Atap ........................................................................... 3-13 Gambar 3.22 Permodelan pelat pada lantai 7 .................................................... 3-14
Gambar 3.23 Permodelan Kolom ...................................................................... 3-19 Gambar 3.24 Penampang Kolom Persegi lantai 1-9 .......................................... 3-21 Gambar 3.25 Penampang Kolom Persegi Panjang lantai 1-9 ............................ 3-21
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Gambar 3.26 Permodelan Struktur 3D ............................................................... 3-21 Gambar 3.27 peta wilayah gempa ...................................................................... 3-27
Gambar 3.28 Kurva Respon Spektrum .............................................................. 3-28 Gambar 4.1 Scale Factor arah X .......................................................................... 4-1 Gambar 4.2 Scale Factor arah Y .......................................................................... 4-2 Gambar 4.3 Input Beban Mati Tambahan Plat Lantai ......................................... 4-2 Gambar 4.4 Input Beban Mati Tambahan Plat Lantai ......................................... 4-3
Gambar 4.5 Reaksi lift ......................................................................................... 4-3 Gambar 4.6 Aplikasi beban lift ............................................................................ 4-4 Gambar 4.7 Komponen tangga ............................................................................ 4-4 Gambar 4.8 Distribusi beban mati tambahan dan beban hidup pada tangga ....... 4-6 Gambar 4.9 Story Respon arah X ...................................................................... 4-17
Gambar 4.10 Story Respon arah Y .................................................................... 4-18 Gambar 5.1 Penampang Pelat .............................................................................. 5-8
Gambar 5.2 Penampang pelat ............................................................................ 5-11 Gambar 5.3 Diagram Momen akibat Beban Gravitasi, Gempa dan Kombinasi 5-15 Gambar 5.4 Momen yang Terbentuk pada Balok B43 dan B28 akibat Goyangan
Struktur ke Kiri. ............................................................................ 5-16
Gambar 5.5 Sketsa Penulangan Balok Muka Kolom Interior Kiri Atas ............ 5-17
Gambar 5.6 Sketsa Tinggi Efektif Balok (ππ‘) ................................................... 5-19 Gambar 5.7 Sketsa Penulangan Balok Muka Kolom Interior Kiri Bawah ........ 5-20 Gambar 5.8 Sketsa Penulangan Balok Muka Kolom Interior Kiri Bawah ........ 5-23
Gambar 5.9 Sketsa Penulangan Balok Interior atas ........................................... 5-25 Gambar 5.10 Penulangan Balok Terhadap Lentur ............................................. 5-27 Gambar 5.11 Kuat Lentur Mungkin Maksimum (Mpr-1,2 dan Mpr-3,4) Balok B43
akibat Goyangan ke kanan........................................................... 5-28 Gambar 5.12 Beban, Momen Ujung, Dan Diagram Gaya Geser Balok B43 .... 5-31
Gambar 5.13 Sketsa Penulangan Hoop Berdasarkan SNI Pasal 21.5.3.2. ......... 5-34 Gambar 5.14 Sketsa Lokasi Penampang dengan Momen 487,737 kN-m pada balok
B43 Saat Mengalami Goyangan ke Kanan ................................ 5-38 Gambar 5.15 SNI Beton Pasal 12.12.3 mengharuskan setidaknya 1/3 tulangan tarik
momen negatif pada tumpuan. ................................................... 5-39 Gambar 5.16 Sketsa lokasi penampang dengan momen 487,737 kN-m pada balok
B43 saat mengalami goyangan ke kiri ....................................... 5-40
Gambar 5.17 Titik dengan Mu = 298,827 kN-m dan Zonasi Penamaan Tulangan
........................................................................................................................... .5-41
Gambar 5.18 Detailing Penulangan Lentur Balok ............................................. 5-42 Gambar 5.19 Detailing Penulangan Lentur dan Geser Balok ............................ 5-43
Gambar 5.20 Ilustrasi ΙΈMn Balok Akibat Goyangan Struktur ke Kanan .......... 5-46
Gambar 5.21 Diagram Interaksi Kolom Desain................................................. 5-47 Gambar 5.22 Sketsa Detailing Penampang Desain Kolom C11 ........................ 5-51
Gambar 5.23 Sketsa tulangan Laps Splices Pada Kolom .................................. 5-53 Gambar 5.24 Free-body Diagram Join .............................................................. 5-55 Gambar 5.25 Sketsa Shear Wall ........................................................................ 5-60
Gambar 5.26 Diagram Interaksi Dinding Geser P1 ........................................... 5-60 Gambar 5.27 Sketsa perhitungan respon 2000 .................................................. 5-62 Gambar 5.28 Nilai c berdasarkan respon 2000 .................................................. 5-62 Gambar 6.1Pengujian Hasil Penyelidikan Tanah ................................................ 6-2
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Gambar 6.2 Detailing Pondasi ............................................................................. 6-5 Gambar 6.3 Denah Pondasi .................................................................................. 6-6
Gambar 6.4 Distribusi tegangan pada pondasi dalam .......................................... 6-6 Gambar 6.5 Bidang kritis akibat pons dari kolom terhadap pile cap ................... 6-8 Gambar 6.6 Bidang kritis akibat pons dari kolom terhadap pile cap (Lanjutan) . 6-9 Gambar 6.7 Gambar pembebanan dan momen maksimum pada pile cap ......... 6-13 Gambar 6.8 Diagram interaksi kolom ke pondasi.............................................. 6-18
Gambar 6.9 Sketsa Penulangan .......................................................................... 6-19
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Beban Mati ......................................................................................... 2-3 Tabel 2.2 Beban Hidup ...................................................................................... 2-3 Tabel 2.3 Kategori Resiko Bangunan Gedung dan Non Gedung untuk Beban
Gempa ................................................................................................ 2-5 Tabel 2.4 Faktor Keutamaan Gempa ................................................................. 2-6
Tabel 2.5 Ketidakberaturan Horizontal Pada struktur ....................................... 2-7 Tabel 2.6 Ketidakberaturan Vertikal Pada struktur ........................................... 2-7 Tabel 2.7 Klasifikasi Situs ................................................................................. 2-9
Tabel 2.8 Klasifikasi Situs, πΉπ (Pada Percepatan Batuan Dasar 0,2 Detik) ..... 2-11
Tabel 2.9 Klasifikasi Situs, πΉπ£ (Pada Percepatan Batuan Dasar 1 Detik) ........ 2-11 Tabel 2.10 Kategori Desain Seismik Berdasarkan Parameter Respons Percepatan
Pada Periode Pendek ........................................................................ 2-13 Tabel 2.11 Kategori Desain Seismik Berdasarkan Parameter Respons Percepatan
Pada Periode Pendek ...................................................................... 2-13 Tabel 2.12 Faktor R, Cd dan Ξ©0 Untuk Sistem Penahan Gaya Gempa ............. 2-13
Tabel 2.13 Persyaratan untuk masing β masing tingkat yang menahan lebih dari 35
persen gaya geser dasar .................................................................... 2-14
Tabel 2.14 Koefisien Untuk Batas Atas Pada Perioda yang Dihitung ............... 2-15
Tabel 2.15 Nilai Parameter Perioda Pendekatan πΆπ‘ dan x ................................. 2-15
Tabel 2.16 Simpangan Antar Lantai Ijin, βΞ± Ξ±,b ............................................... 2-17 Tabel 2.17 Tebal Minimum Balok Non-Pratekan atau Pelat Satu Arah Bila
Lendutan Tidak Dihitung .............................................................. 2-18 Tabel 2.18 Tebal minimum pelat tanpa balok interior ....................................... 2-19
Tabel 2.19 Standar Dimensi Dan Reaksi Elevator ............................................. 2-34 Tabel 3.1 Tebal Minimum Balok Non-Pratekan atau Pelat Satu Arah Bila Lendutan
Tidak Dihitung................................................................................ 3-12 Tabel 3.2 Nilai perhitungan N-Spt titik 1 .......................................................... 3-23
Tabel 3.3 Nilai perhitungan N-Spt titik 2 .......................................................... 3-24 Tabel 3.4 Nilai perhitungan N-Spt titik 3 .......................................................... 3-24 Tabel 3.5 Kategori Desain Seismik Berdasarkan Parameter Respons ............... 3-28 Tabel 3.6 Kategori Desain Seismik Berdasarkan Parameter Respons ............... 3-29 Tabel 3.7 Terminologi resiko gempa seismik .................................................... 3-29
Tabel 3.8 Faktor Koefisien Modifikasi Respons, Faktor Kuat Lebih Sistem, ... 3-30 Tabel 4.1 Spesifikasi lift Hyundai Elevator ......................................................... 4-3 Tabel 4.2 Ketidakberaturan gedung secara horizontal ......................................... 4-6 Tabel 4.3 Perhitungan ketidakberaturan torsi arah X .......................................... 4-7 Tabel 4.4 Perhitungan ketidakberaturan torsi arah Y .......................................... 4-7
Tabel 4.5 Ketidakberaturan gedung secara horizontal (Lanjutan) ....................... 4-7 Tabel 4.6 Ketidakberaturan gedung secara vertikal ............................................. 4-9
Tabel 4.7 Ketidakberaturan gedung secara vertikal (Lanjutan) ......................... 4-10 Tabel 4.8 Ketidakberaturan gedung secara vertikal (Lanjutan) ......................... 4-11 Tabel 4.9 Modal Partisipasi Massa .................................................................... 4-12 Tabel 4.10 Periode dari analisis software Etabs ................................................ 4-12 Tabel 4.11 Koefisien untuk batas atas pada perioda yang dihitung ................... 4-13
x
Tabel 4.12 Nilai parameter perioda pendekatan Ct dan x .................................. 4-13 Tabel 4.13 Gaya Statik dan dinamik .................................................................. 4-15
Tabel 4.14 Penentuan simpangan Ijin ................................................................ 4-16 Tabel 4.15 Story Drift Maksimum ..................................................................... 4-16 Tabel 4.16 Story Drift Maksimum ..................................................................... 4-17 Tabel 5.1 Moment Envelope pada Balok Akibat Beban Gravitasi dan Beban Gempa
.......................................................................................................... 5-16
Tabel 5.2 Luas Tulangan Desain Muka Kolom Interior Kiri Bagian Atas ........ 5-17 Tabel 5.3 Luas Tulangan Desain Muka Kolom Interior Kiri Bagian Bawah .... 5-20 Tabel 5.4 Luas Tulangan Desain Balok Interior Bawah .................................... 5-22 Tabel 5.5 Luas Tulangan Desain Balok Interior Atas ........................................ 5-25 Tabel 5.6 Konfigurasi Penulangan Dan Kapasitas Momen Penampang Balok . 5-29
Tabel 5.7 Gaya geser di muka kolom interior kiri dan kanan ............................ 5-31 Tabel 5.8 Luas Tulangan Geser (Av) pada Sendi Plastis ................................... 5-33
Tabel 5.9 Luas Tulangan Geser (Av) pada Luar Sendi Plastis .......................... 5-34 Tabel 5.10 Rangkuman Perhitungan Pemeriksaan Ulang Kapasitas Momen
Penampang di Zona Sendi Plastis ................................................. 5-36 Tabel 5.11 Konfigurasi Penulangan Positif Pada Balok .................................... 5-40
Tabel 5.12 Konfigurasi Penulangan Dan Kapasitas Momen Penampang Balok5-43 Tabel 5.13 Desain Tulangan Longitudinal ......................................................... 5-45
Tabel 5.14 Desain Tulangan Hoop .................................................................... 5-47 Tabel 5.15 Desain Tulangan Trasfersal untuk Confinement ............................. 5-54 Tabel 5.16 Rekapitulasi Penulangan Kolom ...................................................... 5-56
Tabel 5.17 Rekapitulasi Penulangan Kolom (Lanjutan) .................................... 5-56 Tabel 6.1 Perkiraan besarnya harga ksv untuk beberapa jenis tanah .................. 6-11
Tabel 6.2 Korelasi antara qu β NSPT (Terzaghi & Peck 1967) ......................... 6-11 Tabel 6.3 Modulus Of Subgrade Reaction arah vertikal (ksv) ............................ 6-11
Tabel 7.1 Harga upah ........................................................................................... 7-2 Tabel 7.2 Harga bahan ......................................................................................... 7-2 Tabel 7.3 Jumlah biaya pekerjaan ........................................................................ 7-2
Tabel 7.4 Rekapitulasi biaya ................................................................................ 7-3
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DAFTAR SINGKATAN DAN LAMBANG
SINGKATAN NAMA Pemakaian
pertama kali
pada halaman
SRPMK Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus 1
Lambang
E Pengaruh Beban Gempa 5
πΈβ Pengaruh Beban Gempa Horizontal 6
πΈπ£ Pengaruh Beban Gempa Vertikal 6
QE Pengaruh gaya Gempa Horizontal dari V atau Fp 6
Ξ‘ Faktor redundasi 6
SDS Parameter percepatan Spektrum respons desain
pada periode pendek
6
D Pengaruh beban Mati 6
SD1 Parameter percepatan Spektrum respons desain
pada periode 1 detik
13
T Periode getar fundamental struktur 13
πΆπ£π₯ faktor distribusi vertikal 16
V Gaya lateral desain total atau geser di dasar
struktur (W) (KN)
17
πΏπ Bentang bersih 23
B Lebar penampang 23
H Tinggi penampang 23
Mu Momen Ultimate yang terjadi 24
Γ Faktor reduksi lentur 24
J Koef. lengan momen 24
D Tinggi efektif balok 24
Ve gaya geser ultimate 25
πππ1 probable moment di perletakan 1 akibat goyangan
ke kiri ( atau kanan )
25
πππ2 probable moment di perletakan 2 akibat goyangan
ke kiri ( atau kanan )
25
ππ’ pengaruh beban gravitasi 25
Pa Daya dukung izin tekan tiang 32
qc 20 N, untuk silt/clay, 40 N, untuk sand. 32
N Nilai N SPT 32
Ap Luas penampang tiang 32
Ast Keliling penampang tiang 32
li Panjang segmen tiang yang ditinjau 32
Fi Gaya geser pada selimut segmen tiang 32
πβ²b Tegangan tekan izin bahan tiang 33
Pta Daya dukung izin Tarik 33
Wp Berat pondasi 33
Np Jumlah tiang 33
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P Gaya aksial yang terjadi 33
Pall Daya dukung izin tiang 33
Eg Efisiensi kelompok tiang 34
π arc tg (D/s) (derajat) 34
Pmaks Beban maksimum tiang 34
Pu Gaya aksila yang terjadi (terfaktor) 34
My Momen yang bekerja tegak lurus sumbu y 35
Mx Momen yang bekerja tegak lurus sumbu x 35
Xmax Jarak tiang arah sumbuh X terjauh 35
Ymax Jarak tiang arah sumbuh Y terjauh 35
Nx Banyak tiang dalam satu baris arah sumbu x 35
Ny Banyak tiang dalam satu baris arah sumbu y 35