dal feb 2017
TRANSCRIPT
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Waste to Energy – An Alternative to Landfill and a NOW Opportunity for NS
Presented by: Fourth State Energy Date: 24 February 2017
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
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Global Cost of Waste
• World Bank projects 70% global increase in urban solid waste – with developing countries facing the greatest challenge.
• Projected 1.3 billion T/yr. to 2.2 billion T/yr. by 2025
• Projected cost $205 billion to $375 billion.
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2012/06/06/report-shows-alarming-rise-in-amount-costs-of-garbage
Slide 9
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
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Global Waste Reality
• Humans generate over 2.1 billion tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) annually.
• 70% of MSW is transported to landfills, where it sits, decays, and releases a suite of environmental pollutants.
• 2.1 billion tons of MSW = approximately 24.5 quadrillion Btu of energy
• That’s enough heat to meet about 10% of global annual electricity consumption.
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Energy Resources being thrown Away
• A recent European Economic Community (EEC) study found that:• If all MSW was diverted from landfill in 2011 to waste-to-energy
facilities: – Generate electricity to supply ~ 13.8 million households, or 12 percent
of the entire United States.• If just the non-recycled plastics in MSW were to be source-separated
and converted through today’s plastics-to-oil technologies into fuel oil:– Produce 135 million barrels of oil per year – or 5.7 billion
gallons of gasoline, enough to fuel 8.9 million cars• If we could convert non-recycled waste to alternative energy instead of
landfilling it:– Preserve > 6,000 acres of open space every year that would otherwise be
used to store garbage.
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World’s largest landfill site in Mumbai, India.
NASA’s view from space of landfill fire in January 2016 2016
Slide 5
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Nova Scotia Landfills
Slide 3
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Kentville C&D Landfill Fire
Slide 4
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Frequency of Landfill Fires
• “Landfill fires occur frequently. In the USA there are around 8300 fires per year, and in the UK around 300. With the potential for serious loss of life and dire environmental consequences,…”
Patrick Foss-Smith, 01.08.2010, https://waste-management-world.com/a/understanding-landfill-fires
• Recent landfill fires in NS & Canada:– Kentville, Otter Lake, Colchester, Chester, Fredericton,
Duncan BC, Delta Vancouver, Medicine Hat, Katepwa Regina, Kindersley Sask. etc….
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Landfill Fires & SWM Regulations
• “In attempting to reduce the volume of solid waste going into municipal landfills, many jurisdictions require that construction and demolition waste be separated from the municipal solid waste stream and be landfilled separately. What these policies did not anticipate, however, was the resulting increase in the number of landfill fires. In fact, 90 per cent of landfill fires occur in demolition, landfill and construction (DLC) waste sites.”
Tonia Jurbin, P.Eng, August 1, 2003 http://www.canadianconsultingengineer.com/features/landfill-fires/
Slide 7 Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
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Statistical Risk of a Landfill Fire 60%
• “With the average landfill site having a 60% statistical risk of fire each year, it's critical that operators have an emergency plan in place. Immediate and decisive action can be the difference between a minor incident and a multi-million dollar environmental disaster.”
Patrick Foss-Smith, 14.08.2013,https://waste-management-world.com/a/cutting-the-risk-of-landfill-fires
Slide 8 Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
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Climate Impact of Landfills
• Methane is 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide in terms of its global warming potential.
• Emissions from Canadian landfills account for 20% of national methane emissions.
• Estimates have shown that approximately 27 Mega-tonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (eCO2) are generated annually from Canadian landfills, of which 20 Mt eCO2 are being emitted annually.
Environment Canada - http://www.ec.gc.ca/gdd-mw
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Landfill Methane GHG
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.Slide 10
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NS Aligned with National Emissions
Waste represents 3-4% equivalent CO2 but its methane, the most harmful GHG!
Slide 12 Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
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SWM Jobs in NS
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
Most costly system components {organics, C&D, landfills} employ least number of people. New WTE processing facilities would offset the transfer of some jobs.
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Global Waste Reality
• 70% of MSW goes to landfills to decay into leachate and GHGs.
• 2.1 billion tonnes of MSW = ~24.5 quadrillion Btu of heat/energy (10% global energy
http://www.thinkglobalgreen.org/wte.html
Slide 13 Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
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Where are we headed?
"Ten years from now the world’s rapidly increasing urban population will generate nearly 3 billion tons of MSW per year, representing an estimated 240GW of untapped energy potential." Senior Research Analyst Mackinnon Lawrence. https://www.thinkglobalgreen.org/wte.html
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Of note: Not all WTE systems are created equal!
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
Advanced WTE – A Landfill Alternative
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Incineration Plants
Slide 16
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
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Incineration = Landfill Dependency
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
30% of original weight by volume toxic fly-ash and bottom- ash needs to go to Hazardous Waste Landfills
Slide 17
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Plasma Gasification Plants
Slide 18 Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
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Plasma Gasification
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
Reduced or Eliminated Landfill Dependency!
Waste resources processed, recyclables removed, remaining resources shredded, dried and sent to gasifier.
There is a small quantity of bottom slag (glass and metal) which is recyclable and useable as a civil construction aggregate. Slide 19
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This is glass slag residue from the gasification process which can be recycled and used in civil construction projects
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What are the Differences between Plasma Gasification and Incineration
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Plasma vs. Other Thermal Processes
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Environmental Solution
“While some still confuse modern waste-to-energy plants with incinerators of the past, the environmental performance of the industry is beyond reproach. Studies have shown:• communities that employ waste-to-energy technology have higher
recycling rates than communities that do not utilize waste-to-energy. • recovery of ferrous and non-ferrous metals from waste-to-energy plants
for recycling is strong and growing each year. • numerous studies have determined that waste-to-energy plants actually
reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that enter the atmosphere.”Salman Zafar, Renewable Energy Expert
http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/waste-renewable-energy-source/
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Thermal Treatment Growth
According to a new report (Pike Research):• Waste-to-energy systems will treat at least 261
million tons of waste annually by 2022• Total estimated output of 283 terawatt hours
(TWh) of electricity and heat generation, (up from 221 TWh in 2010.)
• A more optimistic scenario, WTE will potentially treat 396 million tons of MSW a year, producing 429 TWh of power
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The Gasification Industry
• 272 operating gasification plants worldwide with 686 gasifiers.
• 74 plants under construction worldwide that will have a total of 238 gasifiers and produce 83 MWth.
• 33 gasification plants in the US• China has the largest number of gasification plants.
{WWW, Gasification Technologies Council, The Gasification Industry, http://www.gasification.org/what-is-gasification/the-gasification-industry/, 1 MARCH, 2015.}
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Europe & Asia Leading the Way
• Waste-to-energy has thrived in Europe and Asia as the preferred method of waste disposal.
• Promoting waste-to-energy for its ability to reduce the volume of waste in an environmentally-friendly manner, generate valuable energy, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, European nations rely on waste-to-energy as the preferred method of waste disposal.
• In fact, the European Union has issued a legally binding requirement for its member States to limit the landfilling of biodegradable waste.
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Europe Ahead of the Game
According to the Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants (CEWEP):“Europe currently treats 50 million tonnes of waste at waste-to-energy plants each year, generating an amount of energy that can supply electricity for 27 million people or heat for 13 million people.”Salman Zafar, Renewable Energy Expert.
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Global Plasma Gasification Plants
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Plasma Gasification OpportunityAccording to the Georgia Institute of Technology: “Plasma gasification can create more renewable energy than the projected energy from solar, wind, landfill gas, and geothermal energies combined.”
WWW; Plasma Gasification Turns Waste-to-Energy; (ENERGYdigital); Green Tech - Jun 30, 2011; http://www.energydigital.com/greentech/1798/Plasma-Gasification-Turns-WastetoEnergy; 1 March, 2015.
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FSE Technology Partner
• FSE is partnered with CHO-Power to build Plasma Gasification Systems across the globe
• CHO Power engineers, builds and operates Advanced Alternative Technology Process (AATP) power plants for MSW feedstock
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The CHO Power Process
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CHO Power Process Phases
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Nova Scotia Waste Realm
Is it fiscally sustainable?
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
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National Per Capita Cost Comparison
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.Stats Canada 2013Slide 24
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NS Regulated MSW Report Card
• 1990s regulatory changes transformed SWM in NS with the objective of reducing environmental impacts of landfills.
• 20 years later:– $387.00 - Highest average per tonne operating cost in the
country (Stats Canada)– $82.39 - Highest per capita cost in Canada (Avg. $58.18)– $11.22 - Highest per capita cost for organics (5X Avg. of
$2.18)– 55-60% diversion - ongoing landfill dependency & legacy
environmental impacts of methane GHG and leachate– Escalating unsustainable municipal service program costs
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.Slide 25
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What drives the costs?
• Regulated program policy of “banning materials from landfill” created materials management requirements without established market demand
• Absence of market demand did not support private investment in processing facilities resulting in public sector assuming responsibility for banned materials from both public and private/commercial sectors
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.Slide 26
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A Case for Change
The MSW system transformation opportunity:• Advanced WTE is recognized as separate and
distinct from incineration.
• Advanced WTE is recognized as an alternative to landfill and incineration.
• Advanced WTE enables envisioned stewardship and reduced or eliminated landfill dependency.
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.Slide
28
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Environmental Benefits
• Reduction/elimination of landfill dependency
• Immediate impact on reducing methane GHG/Carbon emissions
• Immediate impact on legacy landfill environmental issues
• Reduce transportation/hauling emissions
• Safe, clean processing of special and hazardous waste such as asbestos and contaminated sludge {Boat Harbour}
• Reduce health authority waste system costs by processing special waste travelling out of Province for incineration
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.Slide 29
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Economic Benefits
• Reduce Municipal/Business SWM Service Program Costs by:– Consolidating 3, 4 or 5 waste streams to 2 or 3 (blue
recycling & green re-use for clean renewable energy and leaf and yard waste)
– Streamline collection systems using split trucks significantly reducing program costs & emissions
– Eliminate costly processing of materials with no market value
– Reduce business costs with fewer receptacles, less infrastructure, space and mess!
– Make the system easier & less costly for residents and businesses
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.Slide 30
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What are the Nay Sayers Saying?
• Its Just incineration! – Science says otherwise• They don’t really work! – Literally 100s of
plants and why would people be building 74 more?
• The garbage is different there! – Garbage does vary, by season, habits and regions, but these systems can adapt to the variances.
• Its stepping backwards! – Total re-use or non-recyclable materials is good stewardship.
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Where is the concern for WTE?
• Public would see it as a negative?– 2013 Survey data > 80% support WTE as a
landfill alternative (August,2013 by CRA, 526 metro residents over 18 were polled )
• Not environmental stewardship?– Empirical data shows improved environmental
outcomes, climate impact and recycling• Does not respect hierarchy of resource management
– Zero waste is (re) using resources completely without creating a negative. Waste in NS still ends up in landfills, isn’t WTE a better option?
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.Slide 32
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Traditional Waste Pyramid
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Environmental Resource Pyramid
Slide 11
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.
No Landfill GHG or Leachate
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So What is Zero Waste?
ZeroWasteAmerica.org defines zero-waste:
“zero-waste is the recycling of all materials back into nature or the marketplace in a manner that protects human health and the environment.”
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Questions?
Nova Waste Solutions Inc.