DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN

Vs.

SAMPAH

Oleh:PM PSLP PPSUB Soemarno, 2011

PERMASALAHAN LINGKUNGAN AKIBAT

SAMPAH

KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN/MASYARAKAT

KUALITAS LINGKUNGANFISIKO-KIMIA

KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN

BIOLOGI

SAMPAH = BAHAN YANG TIDAK

BERGUNA

SAMPAH = SUMBERDAYA

EKONOMI

BUANGLAH SAMPAH PADA TEMPATNYA

KUMPULKAN SAMPAH PADA TEMPATNYA

PENCEMARAN UDARA AKIBAT SAMPAH

BAU BUSUK ASAP ,

BIO-GAS -BERBAHAYA

1. Tetra kloro etilen & kloroform : Feto-toksik2. Benzene & Metil-etil-keton : Embrio-toksik3. Metilen-klorida, Kloro-benzene: Perkembangan janin4. CH4 ------ CO2 ------ H2CO3 NH3 ------ NH4NO3 Hujan Asam H2S ------ H2SO45. Bau Busuk sampah : Dampak emosional masyarakat

Kurva fungsional O & VIndeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 Visual Quality Heavy Moderate Clear pollution

KUALITAS UDARA: ODOR & VISUAL

sampah

Pleasant odor

Lacking odor

disagreeable

Kurva fungsional (Microscale)Indeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 100 200 300 400 Rataan 24 jam ( g/m3)

KUALITAS UDARA: PARTIKULAT

sampah

Kurva fungsional (Microscale)Indeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Rataan 3 jam (06.00 - 09.00), ppm

KUALITAS UDARA : HIDROKARBON

sampah

Kurva fungsional (Microscale)Indeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 10 20 30 40 50 Konsentrasi 1 jam , ppm

KUALITAS UDARA : CARBON MONOKSIDA

sampah

Kurva fungsional (Microscale)Indeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 0.05 0.10 0.15 Annual average , ppm

KUALITAS UDARA : OKSIDA NITROGEN

sampah

SAMPAH

DEKOMPOSISI

LINDI (LEACHATE)

MENYUMBAT SALURAN AIR

BOD - CODNITROGEN

FOSFATPENCEMARAN AIR

BANJIR

SIKLUS KARBON

CO2 UDARA

C Anorganik C Fitoplankton

C-organik soluble

(Detritus)

C Zooplankton

C Sedimen

C-organik suspend.(Detritus)

SAMPAH

KISARAN DO DALAM AIR NORMAL: 7.1 - 14.6 ppm

Kurva fungsional DO

Indeks Kualitas1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 2 4 6 8ppm DO

9 ppm : jenuh

Sampah

Kurva fungsional BOD

Indeks Kualitas1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.20.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

ppm BOD

waduk

KUALITAS AIR: BOD

Sungai

Sampah

Kurva fungsional Kadar N-anorganik

Indeks Kualitas1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 1 2 4 6 8 10

ppm N

KUALITAS AIR: N- ANORGANIK

Sampah

SIKLUS P DALAM PERAIRAN

Jaringan

tanaman

Jaringan

binatang

DIPP-

anorganik larut

Batuan

fosfat

SEDIMEN Jaringan

Bakteri

POP & DOPparticulate &

dissolved

SAMPAH

Kurva fungsional Kadar P-anorganikIndeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 ppm P

KUALITAS AIR: FOSFAT- ANORGANIK

sampah

Kurva fungsional TURBIDITASIndeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Satuan Turbiditas Jackson

KUALITAS AIR: TURBIDITAS

sampah

Kurva fungsional ColiformIndeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 101 102 103 104 105 106 MPN/100 ml

KUALITAS AIR: COLIFORM

sampah

Kurva fungsional Indeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 None Light Moderate Heavy Floating material

KUALITAS AIR: ODOR & FLOATING MATERIAL

sampah

Lacking odor

Noticeable

Disagreeable

Kurva fungsional Indeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 Static Slow Moderate Whitewater Flow characteristics

KUALITAS ESTETIKA AIR: Water appearance

sampah

Moderate turbid

Clear

Turbid

GANGGUAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN

SAMPAHSAMPAH

TIKUS

LALAT, NYAMUK

KECOAK

CACING

MIKROBA

VEKTOR / PATOGEN ----- GANGGUAN PENYAKIT

DAUR ULANG SAMPAH ANORGANIK

Kertas, kardus, karet, plastik, gelas, logam, dll

BERNILAI EKONOMI

Bahan baku proses produksi Produk X

PRODUK X

Bahan baku Proses produksi Produk Y

PRODUK Y

SAMPAH ORGANIK

PENGOLAHAN PENGOMPOSAN

KOMPOS PAKAN TERNAK

MENGURANGI SUMBER SAMPAH

RECYCLING

USE & REUSE

REKLAMASIPRODUCT CHANGE

SOURCE CONTROL

INPUT MATERIAL CHANGE

GOOD OPERATING PRACTICES

TECHNOLOGY CHANGE

PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH adalah pengumpulan , pengangkutan , pemrosesan , pendaur-

ulangan , atau pembuangan dari material sampah.

Pengertian ini biasanya mengacu pada material sampah yg dihasilkan dari kegiatan manusia, dan biasanya dikelola untuk mengurangi dampaknya terhadap kesehatan, lingkungan atau

keindahan.

Pengelolaan sampah juga dilakukan untuk memulihkan sumber daya alam .

Pengelolaan sampah bisa melibatkan zat padat , cair , gas , atau radioaktif dengan metoda dan keahlian khusus untuk masing

masing jenis zat.

Sumber: http://duniarumah.blogspot.com/2010/10/apa-itu-pengolahan-sampah.html

Hierarchy of Waste Management 

http://www.envirocentre.ie/Content.aspx?ID=96448806-bc07-4f5a-9e67-cb684d985609&PID=518accea-eec4-

4cdf-b034-78ce58eacb4d

The EU concept of a waste management hierarchy,

whereby waste prevention and re-use are viewed as the most desirable options for managing wastes with the

least desirable option considered being landfill.

The overall intent of these policy statements is to move

Irish waste management away from landfill into those

options that feature in the upper echelons of the

hierarchy.

DOMESTIC WASTES AND WATER POLLUTION

Domestic waste is classified as a point source of pollution, because the wastewater from homes and

commercial establishments is often directly emitted into bodies of

water. Domestic waste can vary from

cleaning products, to household things used by regular people.

These pollutants can pose a high risk on a large scale. When these

domestic liter is mixed in with the clean environment, the pollution and our water can be combined

into a very deadly mix.

http://t3-1contaminant.blogspot.com/2010/03/introduction-water-is-essential-to-our.html

Effects of water pollution are the death of marine organisms in rivers and oceans (this may be due to lack of oxygen, destruction of habitat, not enough food, lack of sunlight, etc.). When our waters are polluted, this can threaten our

living.

Many diseases will come with drinking unpure- water or swimming in toxic water. Such health problems may be blood disease, heart disease, nervous system disorders,

diarrhea, skin lesions, and vomiting in humans.

DOMESTIC WASTES AND WATER POLLUTION

http://t3-1contaminant.blogspot.com/2010/03/introduction-water-is-essential-to-our.html

Eutrophication occurs when large quantities of nutrients such as

nitrates and phosphates enter an aquatic environment. Sources of these nutrients include animal

wastes, agricultural runoff, and sewage. The ecosystem quickly

experiences an increase in photosynthetic and blue-green

algae, as these organisms thrive in the presence of the added

nutrients. An algae bloom occurs as the algae accumulates into dense, visible patches near the

surface of the water, prohibiting light from penetrating deeper

areas of lake or stream. Some fish are unable to survive without this light, but for them an even more serious problem arises when the

algae begin to die.

http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01590/pollution/eutrophication.html

CONTROLLING EUTROPHICATION

The following is a list of methods that can be used to control eutrophication:

1.planting vegetation along streambeds to slow erosion and absorb nutrients2.controlling application amount and timing of fertilizer 3.controlling runoff from feedlots4.researching use of biological controls; for example, the process of denitrification uses specialized bacteria that convert nitrates to harmless molecular nitrogen

SEKIAN DULU,

TERIMA KASIH ATAS PERHATIANNYA

SEMOGA BERMANFAAT

WASSALAM !