daniel clarkslidecast
TRANSCRIPT
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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
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Hugo De Groot
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Mare Liberum 1609
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Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
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Arvid PardoFebruary 1914-June 1999
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Sea salt on Maio Island
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“Common heritage of mankind” UNCLOS Article, 136
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Division of States at UNCLOS 1) Latin American
2) African
3) Asian
4) Eastern European
5) Western European (Canada/US)
Others
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Single Negotiating Text Divided into four subgroups
1) Discussion of sea bed/ocean floor beyond national jurisdiction
2) Territorial seas and straits for international use
3) State responsibility of marine environment and technological improvement
4) Outline on how to settle future disputes
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What did the Convention do? The 1973 Convention established :
national baselines
internal waters
territorial waters,
exclusive economic safe zones
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BaselinesBaselines begin where the water meets the shore
If land is rough or marked with islands than the baseline could be drawn around those islands
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Internal Waters Any body of water within the defined baseline
For example, bays, lagoons, streams etc
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Territorial Waters 12 nautical mile limit out wards from the baseline.
Passage conditional on “innocent passage”
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Innocent PassageConvention definition:
“Passage without being prejudicial to peace.” Article 19
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Most importantly however... Establishment of the exclusive economic zones
Central to Pardo’s argument.
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Oil!
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EEZs Defined An area beyond the territorial sea where both costal
authority and the freedom of foreign nations are governed by the Convention’s rules.
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Costal Authority in EEZs Sovereign rights of exploring, exploiting, conserving
and managing living or non living natural resources. (Article 56)
While sovereign state is operating under Convention it must act in a manner compatible with provisions of the Convention. (Article 56)
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Foreign Authority in EEZs Allowed to use sea in international lawful practices.
Shall adure to rights and duties of the costal state adopted by the Convention. (Article 58)
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Aftermath.... Successful in laying foundations for future
negotiations
Brought issue of marine sustainability to an international audience
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1982 Convention
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