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GII CHI TIT S 202

Cu 1.Cc ion c cu hnh electron ca kh him l cc ion:+ Ca cc nguyn t nhm A+ in tch ion c tr s bng s th t ca nhm cha nguyn t

p n ng l CCu 2.Cc ion cng cu hnh electron c cng s lp electron. Do c in tch nh hn (in

tch ht nhn nh hn) th c bn knh ln hnVy bn knh ca O2- > F- > Na+

p n ng l DCu 3.

- phn cc ca lin kt ph thuc vo hiu m in ca 2 nguyn t tham gia lin kt- Cc phn t ang xt u c nguyn t hiro trong phn t (chn H lm mc)- Da vo quy lut bin thin m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trong chu k, trong

nhm bit c hiu m in tng i ca cc nguyn t nguyn t vi hiro.

*Ch : Khng tnh c gi tr chnh xc hiu m in nhng c lng c hiu m intng i gia 2 nguyn t tham gia lin kt, lm c s sp xp phn ccp n ng l A

Cu 4.Da vo s thay i s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t cc cht trong PTHH, ta xc nh c cc

phn ng oxi ha kh l:-1 -1 -3 -1

1. CH CH + H2O CH3 - CHO

2. CH2=CH2 + H2ot CH3 - CH3

3. CH4 + 2O2oe

ot CO2-2 + 2H2O

+7 +4

4. 3C2H4 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3C2H4(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOHp n ng l D

Cu 5.Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch kh clo bng cch cho cht oxi ha mnh

(MnO2, KClO3, KMnO4, CaOCl2) tc dng vi axit clohiric c:

4HCl + MnO2ot Cl2 + MnCl2 + 2H2O

6HCl + KClO3 3Cl2 + KCl + 3H2O

16HCl + 2KMnO4 5Cl2 + 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 8H2O

2HCl + CaOCl2 Cl2 + CaCl2 + H2O*Ch : Nu cht oxi ha l MnO2 th cn phi un nng, cn cht oxi ha l KMnO4, KClO3 hocCaOCl2 phn ng xy ra nhit thng.

p n ng l ACu 6.

- CO2 v SO2 l hai oxit axit nn u phn ng vi dung dch kim (NaOH, Ba(OH) 2,Ca(OH)2). Do khng th dng cc dung dch ny lm sch kh CO2 c.

- CO2 ch c tnh oxi ha (nguyn t cacbon c s oxi ha +4, cao nht), SO2 c tnh kh(nguyn t lu hunh c s oxi ha +4, trung gian) nn CO2 khng phn ng vi nc

brom, cn SO2 phn ng (b gi li)SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr

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CO2 + Br2 + H2O khng phn ng (thot ra)

p n ng l ACu 7.Khi tng p sut ca h ln 2 ln th tch gim 2 ln (gi nguyn nhit ) nng ca cccht tng ln 2 ln. Do :

v = K ([A].2).([B].2)2 = 8K[A].[B]2 = 8.vVy tc phn ng tng 8 ln

p n ng l CCu 8.Xt cc phng n:

A.sai, th d dung dch Na2CO3:Na2CO3 2Na

+ + CO32

CO32 + H2O HCO3

- + OH- Mi trng kim pH 7,0.

B.sai, th d dung dch NaHS:NaHS Na+ + HS-

HS- + H2O H2S + OH-

Mi trng kim pH > 7,0C.sai, v ch 25oC: [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7 (M) pH = 7

Chng hn, 37oC: [H+] = [OH-] = 10-6,8 (M) pH = 6,8D.ng, v dung dch axit nn c pH < 7Ch : Trong dung dch HCl c 10 -8, phi k n s in li ca H2O:

H2O H+ + OH-

x(M) x(M)HCl H+ + Cl-10-8 (M) 10-8 (M)

Ta c:2

+ - -8 -14 2 -8 -14H OK = [H ][OH ] = (x + 10 ).x = 10 x +10 .x - 10 = 0

x =-8 -16 -14 -8-10 + 10 + 4.1.10 = 9,5125.10

2.1

Vy [H+] = x + 1.10-8 = 10,5125.10-8 (M) pH = -lg (10,5125.10-8) = 6,9783. p n ng l D

Cu 9.Gi x, y ln lt l s mol N2, H2 trong hn hp X

Ta c:28.x + 2.y

= 4,25.2 = 8,5x + y

28x + 2y = 8,5.x + 8,5.y = 19,5x = 6,5y 3x = yPTHH: N2(k) + 3H2(k) 2NH3(k)

Ban u: x 3x (mol)Phn ng a 3a 2a (mol)Cn li: (x a) 3(x a) 2a (mol)

Theo bi ra, ta c:28.(x - a) + 3(x - a).2 + 2.a.17

= 6,8.2 = 13,6(x - a) + (3x - 3a) + 2a

34.x = 54,4x 27,2a 20,4x = 7,2a a 20,4

= = 0,75x 27,2

Vy H% =a

.100% = 75%x

p n D ng

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Cu 10.

X l CaCO3, Y l NaHCO3

CaCO3ot CaO + CO2

(X) (X1)CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2(X1) (X2)Ca(OH)

2+ NaHCO

3 CaCO

3+ NaOH + H

2O

(X2) (Y) (X) (Y1)Ca(OH)2 + 2NaHCO3 CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O

(X2) (Y) (X) (Y2)p n ng l C

Cu 11:Ta c s :

2C2H5OH

C6H10O5ln men81% CaCO3 Tinh bt 5,5 mol

2CO2 2+ Ca(OH) Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3

1 mol 1 molV nguyn t cacbon c bo ton, nn:

2 3 3 2CO CaCO Ca(HCO )n = n + 2.n = 5,5 + 2,1 = 7,5 (mol)

6 10 5 2C H O CO

1 7,5n = .n = = 3,75 (mol)

2 2

V H = 81%, nn:6 10 5C H O (thct)

3,75.100n = = 4,63 (mol)

81

Vy m = 4,63.162 = 750 (gam)

p n ng l C*Ch : Cc PTHH xy ra:

(C6H10O5)n + nH2O o

+

t

HnC6H12O6

Tinh bt glucozC6H12O6men r-u 2C2H5OH + 2CO2Glucoz ancol etylicCO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2

Ca(HCO3)2ot CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O

Cu 12.Theo bi ra:

2 2CO H O

30,8 12,6n = = 0,7 mol; n = = 0,7 mol

44 18

Ta thy:2 2CO H O

n = n

X thuc dy ng ng anken hoc monoxicloankanV X khng lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm iu kin thng X thuc dy ng ng monoxicloankanp n ng l D

*Ch : Cc monoxicloankan (mt vng no trong phn t) khng tc dng vi dung dch thuc tm.Cu 13.

Gi cng thc ca hirocacbon ny dng: CnH2n+2-2k

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- V hirocacbon th kh nn n 4- V hirocacbon nng hn khng kh nn:

14n + 2 2k > 29 n 2 (0 k n)- V hirocacbon lm mt mu nc brom hirocacbon khng no

k > 0 n > 2Do : n = 3 hoc n = 4

Theo bi ra:2 2CO Br

7,04 25,6n = = 0,16 (mol); n = = 0,16 (mol)

44 160

Ta c: 2 2Br CO

= n = nn

Do : 2Br

= n = k.xn (x l s mol ca CnH2n+2-2k)

2CO

n = n.x n = k CTPT dng CnH2

Suy ra: CTPT ca hirocacbon c th l:- C3H2: khng c cu to no tha mn- C4H2: HC C-C CH (v mch cacbon h) x = 0,16/4 = 0,04 (mol) m = 0,04.50 = 2 (gam)p n ng l A

Cu 14:

Xt cc phng n:A.Sai, v benzen khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2B.Sai, v benzen (C6H6) CnH2n-6 (n 6)

Stiren (C6H5CH=CH2) CnH2n-6 (n 6)C.ng, cc nguyn t trong phn t benzen (6 nguyn t C v 6 nguyn t H) nm trn mt

mt phng (do 6 nguyn t C u c trng thi lai ha sp2)D.Sai, ng vi CTPT C6H6 c tn gi l benzen khi c cu to: (cn cc cu to khc

s c tn gi khc)p n ng l C

Cu 15:Xt cc phng n:

A.Nu X l HOOC-COOH khng tha mn, vHOOC-COOH + AgNO3/NH3 khng phn ng

B.Nu X l OHC-CHO khng tha mn, vOHC-CHO + H2O khng phn ng

C.Nu X l OHC-COOH khng tha mn, vOHC-COOH + AgNO3/NH3 khng phn ng

D.+ X l CH CH tha mn:CH CH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 AgC CAg + 2NH4NO3

CH CH + H2Ooxt, t CH3CHO

+ Y l OHC-CHO tha mn:

OHC-CHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O H4NOOC-COONH4 + 4Ag + 4NH4NO3+ Z l OHC-COOH tha mn:

OHC-COOH + 2AgNO3 + 4NH3 + H2O H4NOOC-COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3OHC-COOH + NaOH OHC-COONa + H2O

+ T l HOOC-COOH tha mn:HOOC-COOH + 2NaOH NaOOC-COONa + 2H2O

p n ng l DCu 16.c im khng phi ca cc axit bo thng gp. u l cc axit cacboxylic no

+ Axit bo no: Axit panmitic CH3(CH2)14COOH

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Axit stearic CH3(CH2)16COOH

+ Axit bo khng no: Axit oleic C17H33COOHAxit linoleic C17H31COOH

p n ng l CCu 17.Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng thy phn:

(C6H10O5)n + nH2O+ oH , t nC6H12O6

Tinh bt/xenluloz glucozC12H22O11 + H2O

+ oH , t C6H12O6 + C6H12O6Saccaroz glucoz fructoz

C12H22O11 + H2O+ oH , t 2C6H12O6

Glucozp n ng l C

Cu 18. Theo bi ra:Z

4,48n = = 0,2 (mol)

22,4

ng vi CTPT C2H7NO2 c cc CTCT lCH3COONH4 (amoni axetat) (x mol)

HCOOH3NCH3 (metyl amoni fomat) (y mol)PTHH: CH3COONH4 + NaOH CH3COONa + NH3 + H2O

x x xHCOOH3NCH3 + NaOH HCOONa + CH3NH2 + H2O

y y y

Theo bi ra, ta c:x + y = 0,2

x = 0,05; y = 0,1517.x + 31.y= 13,75.2

x + y

Mui khan thu c gm CH3COONa (0,05 mol) v HCOONa (0,15 mol)mmui = 0,05.82 + 0,15.68 = 14,3 (gam)

p n ng l A*Ch : Kh NH3, CH3NH2, u lm xanh giy qu tm m.Cu 19.

* T nilon -6,6: [-HN-(CH2)6-NH-CO-(CH2)4-CO-]nKhi lng 1 mt xch: 226 vC* T capron: [-HN-(CH2)5-CO-]nKhi lng 1 mt xch: 113 vCSuy ra:

- S mt xch trong on mch nilon -6,6: n1 =27346

= 121226

- S mt xch trong on mch t capron: n2 =17176

= 152113 p n ng l C

Cu 20.Phn ng xy ra khi pin in ha Zn - Ag hot ng

Zn + 2Ag+ Zn2+ + 2Ag Ta thy:- Khi lng in cc Ag tng (khi lng in cc Zn gim)- Nng ion Zn2+ tng (nng ion Ag+ gim)- Trong pin Zn - Ag th anot l Ag, catot l Zn

anot (cc Zn): Zn Zn2+ + 2e

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catot (cc Ag): Ag+ + 1e Ag

Do catot thiu in tch dng (do Ag+ b in phn) nn K+ (cu mui) di chuyn v (ch khng v anot)

- Sut in ng chun + 2+o o opin(Zn-Ag) Ag /Ag Zn /ZnE = E - E o

pin(Zn-Ag)E = 0,8 - (-0,76) = 1,56 V

p n ng l B

Cu 21.

Theo bi ra:2H

0,672n = = 0,03 (mol)

22,4

PTHH: 2 2M + 2HCl MCl + H 0,03 (mol) 0,03 (mol)

Suy ra: M1,67

M = = 55,670,03

Suy ra, hai kim loi kim th l Ca (40) v Sr

p n ng l BCu 22.PTHH ca phn ng xy ra khi nung Fe(NO3)2; Fe(OH)3; FeCO3 l

2Fe(NO3)2ot Fe2O3 + 4NO2 + 2

1O

2

2Fe(OH)3ot Fe2O3 + 3H2O

2FeCO3 + 2 (kk)1

O2

ot Fe2O3 + 2CO2

Tm tt bng s :

Fe(NO3)2Fe(OH)3o

2

t- H O

Fe2O3(r)

FeCO3Vy cht rn thu c Fe2O3 (nu ).

p n ng l DCu 23.

PTHH ca cc dung dch mui vi KOH:- AlCl3 + 3KOH Al(OH)3 + 3KCl

Lc u, to kt ta trng, sau kt ta b tan:Al(OH)3 + KOH (d) K[Al(OH)4] (tan)

- Fe(NO3)3 + 3KOH Fe(OH)3 + 3KNO3 nu

- FeSO4 + 2KOH Fe(OH)2 + K2SO4Trng xanh

- Mg(NO3)2 + 2KOH Mg(OH)2 + 2KNO3

Trng- NH4Cl + KOH

ot NH3 + KCl + H2OMi khai

C th nhn bit c tt c 5 dung dch.p n ng l D

to

-(NO2 + O2)

to

khng kh

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Cu 24.Cc nhin liu ha thch gm:

- Xng, du ha, kh ng hnh, kh ha lng (tch ra t du m)- Than - Kh thin nhinVy c 6 nhin liu ha thch.

p n ng l C

Cu 25.- Nguyn t R c 4 lp electron nguyn t R chu k 4

- To c oxit cao nht l R2O7 nguyn t R c 7 electron ha tr nguyn t R nhm VII (A hoc B)

- Nguyn t R c cc electron ha tr trn phn lp d R l nguyn t d nguyn t R nhm B

Vy R chu k 4, nhm VIIB R l nguyn t Mn (Z = 25): 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2p n ng l C

Cu 26:Cc nguyn t cng chu k (theo th t t tri sang phi): N, O, F

Cc nguyn t cng nhm (nhm A, theo th t t trn xung): N, PTrong cng chu k, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t tng dn: Trong cng mt nhm, tnh phi

kim ca cc nguyn t gim dn.Do , dy nguyn t sp xp tnh phi kim tng dn l P, N, O, Fp n ng l C

Cu 27.- Cc hp cht: F2O, Cl2O, Br2O, I2O (X2O) l hp cht gia halogen vi oxi.- Ch c F c m in ln hn O (F l nguyn t c m in ln nht, tip n l ca O..)

cn cc halogen khc (Cl, Br, I) u c m in nh hn O. Do halogen c m in cngnh th hiu m in ca n vi oxi cng ln, lin kt cng phn cc. Halogen c m in nhnht l I.

p n ng l D*Ch : Gi tr m in ca cc halogen v oxi

Nguynt

F O Cl Br I

min

3,98 3,44 3,16 2,96 2,66

Hiu m in(X - O)

0,54 0 0,28 0,48 0,78

Cu 28.+ Trong cc cht, nguyn t st c cc trng thi oxi ha: 0 (n cht, thp nht); +2; +8/3; +3

(cao nht thng gp)+ Cc hp cht cha st c trng thi oxi ha trung gian (+2; +8/3) th chng c tnh oxi ha

(xung s oxi ha thp hn) v ng thi c tnh kh (ln s oxi ha cao hn). C th cc cht l: FeO (+2), FeCO3 (+2)

p n ng l DCu 29.

Gi s 2 dung dch c cng nng l 0,1M

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HCl H+ + Cl-

0,1M 0,1MpH(dd HCl) = x = -lg0,1 = -lg10

-1 = 1

CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO

-Ban u 0,1MPhn li: 0,001M 0,001M

Cn bng: 0,001(10

-3

M) 3

3

(ddCH COOH)pH = y = lg10 = 3 . Vy y = x + 2

p n ng l ACu 30.

Xt cc phn ng:-1 0 0 -1

A. H2O2 + Cl2 O2 + 2HClcht kh cht oxi ha

loi-1 0 0 -2

B. H2O2 + O3

2O2 + H2Ocht kh cht oxi ha loi

-1 -1 -1 0

C. 2H2O2 + Ca(ClO)2 CaCl2 + 2O2 + 2H2Ocht kh cht oxi ha

loi (H2O2 c tnh oxi ha yu hn Cl2; O3; Ca(ClO2))-1 +4 -2 +6

D. H2O2 + Na2SO3 H2O + Na2SO4

cht oxi ha cht kh tha mnp n ng l D

*Ch : -H2O2 th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi cc cht oxi ha mnh hn nh Cl2, O3, Ag2O,KMnO4 trong mi trng axit, Ca(ClO)2...

- H2O2 th hin tnh oxi ha khi tc dng vi cc cht kh (SO2, Na2SO3, KNO2,...)Cu 31.

p dng cng thc ca quy tc VanHop:vt = v30.3

(t-30)/10 vt/v30 = 3

(t-30)/10

3(t-30)/10 = 81 = 34 (t - 30)/10 = 4 t = 40 + 30 = 70 (oC)

p n ng l BCu 32.H2O ng vai tr l axit khi n nhng proton (H

+) to ra OH-Ta thy cc qu trnh (2, 4, 5) to ra OH- (trong cc qu trnh ny H2O ng vai tr axit)p n ng l B

Cu 33.Theo bi ra:

3HNOn = 0,4.1 = 0,4 (mol)

* Trng hp 1: HNO3 phn ng ht:Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O

0,1 0,4 mol 0,1 (mol)

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2Fe(NO3)3 + Fe 3Fe(NO3)2

2x x 3xTa c: (0,1 - 2x) . 242 + 3x . 180 = 26,44

24,2 - 484x + 540x = 26,44 56x = 2,24 x = 0,04

Suy ra Fen = 0,1 + 0,04 = 0,14 (mol) mFe = 0,14.56 = 7,84 (gam)

p n ng l A* Trng hp 2: HNO3 d:Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2Ox 4x x

Ta c: 242.x + (0,1 - 4x).63 = 26,44 242x - 252x + 6,3 = 26,44 -10x = 20,14 (loi)

Cu 34.

Theo bi ra:2 3CO BaCO

2,688 15,76n = = 0,12 (mol); n = = 0,08 (mol)

22,4 197

PTHH: CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2Ox x x

2CO2 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(HCO3)2

2y y

Ta c:

x + 2y = 0,12 x = 0,08

x = 0,08 y = 0,02

Suy ra: 2Ba(OH)

0,1n = x + y = 0,08 + 0,02 = 0,1 (mol) a = = 0,04 (M)

2,5

p n ng l CCu 35.

C6H7O (dn xut ca benzen) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH

hp cht phenolCc cht lo -CH3-C6H4-OH (o-crezol)m-CH3-C6H4-OH (m-crezol)

p-CH3-C6H4-OH (p-crezol) (3 cht)p n ng l B

*Ch : - Phenol l loi hp cht c nhm -OH lin kt trc tip vi vng benzenC6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O

CH3-C6H4-OH + NaOH CH3C6H4-ONa + H2OCu 36.Cc hirocacbon no, mch h, c t 1 n 5 nguyn t C trong phn t khi phn ng vi kh clo

theo t l mol 1 :1 (c as) u ch to ra mt dn xut monoclo lCH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl

CH3-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CH2Cl + HClCH3 CH3

CH3-C-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-C-CH2Cl + HClCH3 CH3

c 3 chtp n ng l CCu 37.S phn ng:

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X (C2H2; H2) oxt, t Y (C2H4, C2H6, C2H2, H2) 2

dd Br , d- C2H6, H2- Gi x l s mol C2H2 (cng nh H2) trong hn hp X

mX = (26 + 2).x = 28.x (gam) (1)- Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c: mX = mY (2)- Mt khc, theo bi ra: mY = m(bnh brom tng) + m(kh thot ra)

mY = 10,8 +4,48

.8,2 = 14 (gam)22,4

(3)

T (1, 2, 3) suy ra: x = 0,5 (mol)- Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t:V nguyn t C, H c bo ton nn th tch kh O2 t chy hon ton hn hp Y cng

bng th tch O2 t chy hon ton hn hp X

C2H2 + 25

O2

2CO2 + H2O

0,5 1,25 (mol)

H2 + 21

O2

H2O

0,5 0,25 (mol)

2On = 0,25 + 1,25 = 1,5 (mol)

2O (ktc)V = 1,5.22,4 = 33,6 (lt)

p n ng l ACu 38.Xt cc phng n:

A. Khng ng, v benzen C6H6 CnH2n-6 (n 6)stiren C8H8 CnH2n-6 (n 6)

B. ng: stiren cn c tn gi vinyl benzen hoc phenyl etilenC. ng: 8 nguyn t C v 8 nguyn t H trong phn t stiren u nm trn mt mt phng (v

cc nguyn t C c trng thi lai ha sp2)D. ng: Phn t stiren c cu to bi gc phenyl (C6H5

-, tnh cht ging benzen) v gcvinyl (CH2=CH-, tnh cht ging vi anken)

p n ng l ACu 39.Cng thc n gin nht C2H3O2

CTPT dng (C2H3O2)n C2nH3nO2n CnH2n(COOH)nV 2n + n 2n + 2 n 2+ Nu n = 1: C2H3O2 khng c cu to tha mn+ Nu n = 2: C4H6O4 c cu to chng hn:HOOC-CH2CH2-COOH (tha mn)Vy CTPT ca X l C4H6O4.

p n ng l BCu 40.

Theo bi ra:2 5C H OH

5,75n = = 0,125 (mol)

46

Gi x l s mol mi axit c trong hn hp XTheo bi ra, ta c 46.x + 60.x = 5,3 106x = 5,3 x = 0,05 (mol)

PTHH: HCOOH + C2H5OH xt

HCOOC2H5 + H2O

CH3COOH + C2H5OH xt

CH3COOC2H5 + H2OTa thy nHCOOH +

3CH COOHn = 2.x = 2.0,05 = 0,1 Cu > Au > Al > Fe.p n ng l B*Ch : Ag dn in tt nht, ri n CuCu 59.

Theo bi ra:2 2O H

5,04 1,8n = = 0,225 (mol); n = = 0,9 (mol)

22,4 2

Theo nh lut bo ton electron, ta c:24,3.n

= 0,9 + 1,8 = 2,7M

24,3n = 2,7M 9n = M

Ta c bng:

Vy M l Al. p n ng l CCu 60.

Theo bi ra: Cu3,84

n = = 0,06 (mol)64

* Th nghim 1:3HNO

n = 0,080.1 = 0,08 (mol)

PTHH: 3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2OBan u: 0,06 0,08 (mol)Phn ng: 0,03 0,08 0,02 (mol)

Suy ra: NO (1)0,08.2

n = = 0,02 (mol)8

* Th nghim 2:3 2 4HNO H SO

n = 0,08 mol; n = 0,08.0,5 = 0,04 (mol)

-3NO

n = 0,08 mol

+Hn = 0,08 + 0,04.2 = 0,16 (mol)

PTHH: 3Cu + 2NO3- + 8H+ 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O

Ban u: 0,06 0,08 0,16

Phn ng: 0,06 0,04 0,16 0,04 (mol)Suy ra: NO (2)

0,06.2n = = 0,04 (mol)

3

Do : nNO(2) = 2.nNO(1) V2 = 2V1 (i vi cht kh, trong cng iu kin, t l v s molcng bng t l v th tch)

p n ng l B

n 1 2 3

M 9 (Be) 18 27 (Al)

KL Loi Loi Tha