dariali enerji rekomendacia wylis biomravalferovnebis ...c:\users\oservice\appdata\local\temp\expert...

$: dariali enerji rekomendacia wylis biomravalferovnebis ...C:\USERS\OSERVICE\APPDATA\LOCAL\TEMP\EXPERT ADVICE ON AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, GEO_9DD329.DOC dokumentis damtkiceba$
dariali enerji

darialishidroeleqtrosadgurisproeqti

rekomendacia wylisbiomravalferovnebiskonservaciis Sesaxeb

dariali//ang./01

Rev A | 16 ianvari 2014

winamdebare angariSSi gaTvaliswinebulia konkretuliinstruqciebi da Cveni klientis moTxovnebi.

angariSi ar aris gankuTvnili mesame mxarisTvis (da

mesame mxare ar unda daeyrdnos mas) da mesame mxares

ar ekisreba aranairi pasuxismgebloba.

davalebis nomeri234040-00

Ove Arup & Partners LtdCentral SquareForth StreetNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 3PLgaerTianebuli samefo

www.arup.com

Dariali/Rep/01 | Draft 2 | 9 January 2014C:\USERS\OSERVICE\APPDATA\LOCAL\TEMP\EXPERT ADVICE ON AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, GEO_9DD329.DOC

dokumentis damtkiceba

davalebissaxelwodeba

darialis hidroeleqtrosadgurisproeqti

davalebis nomeri

234040-00dokumentissaxelwodeba

rekomendacia wylis biomravalferovnebiskonservaciis Sesaxeb

registraciis nomeri

27dokumentis nomeri dariali/ang/01redaqcia TariRi failis

saxelwodebaekologiuri xarjis angariSi.docx

proeqti1

23dekemberi2013

aRweriloba pirveli proeqti

moamzada Seamowma daamtkica

saxeli,gvari

krisproqterma /Irantzu LexartzaArtza, devidheteringtonma

uil makbeinma endi meisma

xelmowera

proeqti2

9ianvari 2014

failissaxelwodeba

ekologiuri xarjis angariSi, 8 ianvari, me-2proeqti (WMcB) - Issue.docx

aRweriloba komentarebis Setana


saxeli,gvari

uil makbeinma,krisproqterma,devidheteringtonma


xelmowera

გამოცემა 10იანვარი2014

failissaxelwodeba ekologiuri xarjis angariSi, გამოცემა 100114aRweriloba EBRD- ის კომენტარების შემდეგ


saxeli,gvari

devidheteringtonma


xelmowera

REV A 16იანვ. failissaxelwodeba


2014 aRweriloba AMEC-ის განხილვის და კომენტარების შემდეგ


saxeli,gvari

devidheteringtonma


xelmowera

dokumentis damtkicebis gamocema dokumentiT

Dariali Energy Dariali Hydropower ProjectAdvice on Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation


Page1

sarCevi

mokle reziume 1

1 Sesavali 4

2 saqmianobis sfero 52.1 konteqsti 62.2 xelmisawvdomi informacia 82.3 saerTaSoriso meTologiuri saxelmZRvanelo 92.4 evropis kanonmdebloba da saxelmZRvanelo 11

3 sqematuri aRweriloba 133.1 saTavo nageboba 153.2 wyalgadasaSvebi kaSxali 163.3 sarecxi Sluzebi 163.4 wyalmimRebi 163.5 milsadeni saleqari auzisken 163.6 saleqari auzi 173.7 milsadeni mimyvani gvirabisken 183.8 mimyvani gvirabi 183.9 maTanabrebeli mowyobilobebi 183.10 sadawneo Saxta 183.11 eleqtrosadguris Senoba 183.12 wyalsarini gvirabi 19

4 hidrologia 204.1 wyalsakrebi auzis detalebi 204.2 mdinaris xarjis xelmisawvdomi monacemebi 204.3 saSualo wliuri xarji 224.4 xarjis sezonuri cvalebadoba 234.5 darialis hesis eqspluatacia 264.6 maqsimaluri xarji 294.7 minimaluri xarji 304.8 Senakadis Senatanebi 304.9 danaleqebis reJimi 324.10 miwisqveSa wylebi da miwisqveSa wylis

dinebebi 33

5 sabazo geomorfologia 345.1 Sesavali 345.2 obieqtze viziti 34



Page2

5.3 sistemis geomorfologia 34

6 wylis biomravalferovneba 47

7 zemoqmedebis Sefaseba 497.1 hidrologia 497.2 geomorfologia 507.3 zamTris xarjis dros kalapotis hidravlika 527.4 wylis biomravalferovneba 53

8 ekologiuri xarjis Semowmeba 538.1 montana-Tenantis meTodi 548.2 evropuli praqtika 568.3 saxelmZRvanelo ekologiuri xarjis

gaangariSebis Sesaxeb WFD-s Sesabamisad 588.4 darialTan mdinare Tergis Sefaseba 60

9 garemoze zemoqmedebis Semcireba 629.1 ekologiuri xarji 629.2 kalapotis modifikaciebi 62

10 monitoringis da adaptaciuri marTvis reJimi 6410.1 xarjis da fizikuri bunebrivi garemos

monitoringi 6510.2 ekologiuri monitoringi 6610.3 Tevzis savalis monitoringi 6610.4 monitoringis meTodi 6610.5 sazogadoebis CarTuloba da informirebuloba

67

11 daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi 68

cxrilebi

cxrili 1 mniSvnelovani informacia SeTavazebul darialishidroeleqtrosadgurTan dakavSirebiT(rogorc mocemulia 2012 wlis martis proeqtisganxorcielebis gegmis angariSSi, LandsvirkjunPower & Verkis-is mier).

cxrili 2 yazbegis HWP-Si mdinare Tergis da saangariSokveTis saSualo wliuri xarji sxvadasxvamiwodebis xarjiT



Page3

cxrili 3 hidroeleqtrosadguris saTave nagebobis kveTSimdinare Tergis saangariSo miwodebis saSualowliuri xarjis wliuri ganawileba.

cxrili 4 hidroeleqtrosadguris saTave nagebobis kveTzemdinare Tergis saangariSo miwodebis saSualowliuri xarjis wliuri ganawileba 10 dRismixedviT.

cxrili 5 gansxvavebuli xarjebi wyaldidobis ganmeorebisSemTxvevebSi ganmeorebis periodSi P(miTiTebulia cxrilSi 64,6 ) mdinare Tergismaqsimaluri xarjebisTvis, m3/wm.

cxrili 6 mdinare Tergis wylis gaangariSebuli donewyaldidobis SemTxvevebis cvlad doneebTandakavSirebiT. ganivi kveTi 2 mdebareobsdarialis hidroeleqtrosadguris saTavenagebobebis lokaciaze.

cxrili 7 xarjis Senatani mdinare TergSi SenakadebidankaSxlis saTave nagebobas da wyalsarinigvirabis wyalgadasaSvebs Soris.

cxrili 8. kalapotis zogadi tipebi darialis wyalsatarisqveda biefis zemoqmedebis farglebSi.

cxrili 9. zegavlenis teritoriaze tipiurad gansxvavebulkalapotis formebSi 10% (2.5m3/w) ekologiurixarjis hidravlikuri analizi. gaangariSebulimaCveneblebi warmodgenilia muq ferSi, dasavaraudo zeda da qveda zRvrebi, romlebicgulisxmobs uzustobebs siganesa dagaangariSebul xarjiSi, warmodgeniliafrCxilebSi.

cxrili 10. Tenanti (montanas) meTodi (1976) iZleva xarjebsrogorc saSualo wliuri xarjis procentulimaCvenebeli (MAF.

cxrili 11 evropuli SesanarCunebeli xarjis maCvenebeli

cxrili 12. evropaSi ekologiuri xarjebis statistikurimaCveneblebi

cxrili 13. ekologiuri xarjis rejimis gansazRvrisTvissaWiro aTi safexuri blokuri awyobis meTodisgamoyenebiT (akremani da sxvebi (2009)13 )



Page4

cxrili 14. blokuri wyobis meTodis mixedviT xarjebi dariskebi

suraTebi

suraTi 1 saangariSo kveTze mdinare Tergis yovelTviurixarjis cvalebadoba miwodebis sxvadasxvaxarjiT.

suraTi 2 darialis wyalmimRebTan 10 dRiani saSualo xarji

suraTi 3 xarjis gadametebis mrudi saangariSo kveTzexarjTan dakavSirebiT.

suraTi 4 sezonuri xarjis cvlileba saderivacio kveTSiQ10 xarjisTvis 10 dRian periodebSi wlisganmavlobaSi. nacrisferi xazi miuTiTebssaSualo Q10 xarjs; Savi xazi miuTiTebsdarialis hidroeleqtrosadguris zemoqmedebasQ10 xarjze.



suraTi 7 darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris eqspluataciiszemoqmedeba xarjis reJimze mdinare Tergissaderivacio monakveTze Cveulebriv wlisganmavlobaSi (Tvis ganmavlobaSi saSualo Q50xarji). wiTeli punqtiruli xazi miuTiTebsxarjis saangariSo Semcirebas darialishidroeleqtrosadguris eqspluataciis Semdegprocentuli maCveneblebiT hidroeleqtrosadguramde mdinare Tergis xarjidan.



Page5

suraTi 8 wliuri xarjis Senatani Senakadebidan mdinareTergSi kaSxlis saTave nagebobas da wyalsarinigvirabis wyalgadasaSvebidan.

suraTi 9. mdinare Tergi SemoTavazebuli zeda biefi darialishidroeleqtrosadguris obieqtidan daaxloebiT700m-Si.

suraTi 10. darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris wyalsatarisSemoTavazebuli adgili. wyalsatariganTavsdeba gamosaxulebis marjvniv, xolosaleqarebi ganTavsdeba sabjenze gamosaxulebiscentrSi. mdinare aq aris erTkalapotianiradgan is gars uvlis sabjens im adgilas,sadac is Sedis ufro cicabo, SedarebiT maRalaqtiur mdinaris riyis qviani kalapotianmonakveTSi.

suraTi 11. SedarebiT cicabo mdinaris riyis qviani kalapotismonakveTis qveda biefis xedi, sadac moCansSedarebiT wyalmarCxi-qanobiani datotvilimonakveTi

suraTi 12. daaxloebiTi mdebareobebi da 3 saerTo kalapotissaerTi tipis gagrZeleba mdinare Tergzedarialis wyalsataris qveda biefis zegavlenisfarglebSi.

suraTi 13. mezo-topografiuli kalapotis formis nimuSidarialis saTao nagebobis qveda biefSi cicaboriyis qviani kalapotis monakveTze. fotosSuagulSi yvelaze didi riyis qvis zomaadaaxloebiT 2m3

suraTi 14. gamosaxuleba gviCvenebs did ganStoebulmonakveTs darialis wyalsataris qveda biefSi(gadaRebuli 2013 wlis seqtemberSi)

suraTi 15. suraTi gadaRebulia 2013 wlis dekemberSi imaveadgilidan, saidanac me-14 suraTia gadaRebuli

suraTi 16 Semamsubuqebeli xarjis reJimis sqematurigamosaxuleba rekomendebuli xarjis blokuriawyobis metodze dayrdnobiT (UKTAG (2013)12 –gan)



Page1

mokle reziume

“dariali enerji” (DE) JSV amuSavebs darialishidroeleqtrosadguris (hesi) proeqts yazbegis municipalitetSi,saqarTvelos centralur regionSi. aRniSnuli sadguri moicavsmdinaris bunebriv reJimSi momuSave, 108 mgvt simZlavrishidroeleqtro sadgurs, dakavSirebuli qve-sadgurebiT daeleqtrogadamcemi infrastruqturiT. wyalgadasaSvebi kaSxaliSeavsebs mdinare Tergis monakveTs da wyalmimRebi nageboba wyalsgadaagdebs saleqar auzSi da mimyvan gvirabSi eleqtrosadgurismimarTulebiT. eleqtrosadguridan wyalsarini gvirabi waiRebswyals im adgilze, sadac kvlav SeurTdeba mdinare Tergiskalapots. aRniSnuli “saderivacio monakveTi”, wyalgadasaSvebikaSxalidan wyalsarini gvirabis wyalgamSvebamde, Semouvlismdinare Tergis daaxloebiT 5 km-s.

dariali enerjim uflebamosileba mianiWa ARUP-s ganexila mimyvanda wyalsarin gvirabebs Soris wylis ekosistemis da Tevzismdinaris kalmaxis - Salmo truttafario - populaciebis SenarCunebisTvissaWiro SeTavazebuli minimaluri ekologiuri xarjismarTlzomierebis sakiTxi. saproeqto zonaSi mdinaris kalmaxisarseboba dadasturda SeTavazebuli darialishidroeleqtrosadguris proeqtidan mxolod mdinare TergisSenakadebSi ganxorcielebuli sabazo kvlevebis safuZvelze.

amJamad, aRniSnuli sqema iTvaliswinebs Sefasebuli saSualowliuri xarjis 10%-is datovebas wyalmimRebTan (standartulipraqtika saqarTveloSi), 1928 wlidan 1940 wlamde da 1953 wlidan1990 wlamde wyalsazomi sadguris siaxloves dakvirvebis SedegadmiRebuli gamoTvlili Canawerebis safuZvelze. aRniSnulimaCvenebeli uTanabrdeba 2.54 m3/wm xarjs.

gaerTianebuli samefos teqnikur-sakonsultacio jgufma (UKTAG)gamosca meTodologiuri saxelmZRvanelo ekologiuri xarjismoTxovnebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli midgoma iTvaliswinebs “blokuriawyobis meTodologias”, rac gulisxmobs, rom bunebrivi xarjisreJimi uzrunvelyofs saukeTeso pirobebs ekosistemisfunqcionirebisTvis da gansazRvravs mTavar dinebebs (blokuriawyobis meTodologia), romelic saWiroa ekosistemisfunqcionirebis xelSewyobisTvis. qvemoT cxrilSi gansazRvruliablokuri awyobis meTodologiis xarjebi, romelic SesaZloadakavSirebuli iyos mdinaris kalmaxTan - Salmo truttafario – da imsakiTxebs, romelsac hidroeleqtrosadguris SeTavazebebi wamoWris.



Page2

‘blokuri awyobis”

xarji, romelic

saWiroa

sakiTxebi

gazafxulis

migraciebis (aprili -

ivnisi) xelSewyoba

aRniSnul sistemaSi.

migraciis dawyebaze gavlenas axdens mTeli rigi

faqtorebi, Tumca momatebul temperaturas da

mdinaris xarjs umTavresi mniSvneloba aqvs.

aRniSnuli sqemis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, xarji

kvlav swrafad gaizrdeba gazafxulze.

Tavdapirveli zrdis nawili abstragirdeba da

maqsimaluri (pikuri) xarjis qveda biefze aseve

Semcirdeba. aseTi zemoqmedeba unda Sefasdes

monitoringis gziT. (imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom

aRniSnuli migraciebi xdeba periodulad, da ara

etapobrivad sakvebis xelmisawvdomobis da sxva

sistemis pirobebis mixedviT).

Semodgomis migraciis

da tofobis (qviriTis

yris) xelSewyoba. .

xarjebze gavlenas ar moaxdens qviriTis yris

akvatoriaSi SeTavazebuli kaSxlis zeda biefze.

kaSxlis qveda biefis monakveTSi, xarji iqneba

ufro dabali Semodgomis TveebSi. xarji unda iyos

sakmarisi Semodgomis migraciis xelSewyobisTvis

da SeTavazebuli ekologiuri xarjis adekvaturoba

unda Sefasdes monitoringis meSveobiT. (imis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom aRniSnuli migraciebi xdeba

periodulad, da ara etapobrivad sakvebis

xelmisawvdomobis da sxva sistemis pirobebis

mixedviT).

fskeris florisa da

faunis populaciebis

SenarCuneba

ekosistemis ZirSi.

SeTavazebuli xarjis Semcireba, romelic

warmoiqmneba abstragirebis Sedegad Seamcirebs

arsebuli wylis habitatebis farglebs, kerZod

mdinaris ganStoebul monakveTebSi, kaSxalsa da

wyalsarins Soris. nakleb savaraudoa, rom Tevzi

am adgils gamoiyenebs qviriTis dasayrelad, an

gamosakvebad, an migraciisTvis aRniSnuli

monakveTebis farglebSi zamTris TveebSi. Tumca,

amis dadastureba SeiZleba mxolod monitoringis

meSveobiT.

arxis habitatebis

ganaxleba da flora

da faunis gavrceleba

da supraficialuri

narCenebi.

am SeTavazebebs mcire zemoqmedeba eqneba periodul

wyalmovardnis xarjze, romelic mniSvnelovani

aRniSnuli procesebisTvis.



Page3

2.54 m3/wm ekologiuri xarji savaraudod sakmarisi iqneba imisaTvis,rom Tevzma SeZlos SeTavazebul TevzsavalSi gadaadileba, impirobiT, Tu is daproeqtebulia mowinave praqtikis Sesabamisad.aRniSnuli maCvenebeli aseve Seesabameba ekologiur xarjs,romelic kanonierad aris moTxovnili mdinaresTan mimarTebaSi sxvaqveynebSi, maT Soris mTis mdinaris auzebis mqone evrokavSirisqveynebSi. aqedan gamomdinare aRniSnuli ekologiuri xarjismaCvenebeli iTvleba gonivrul Tavdapirvel maCveneblad proeqtisganviTarebisTvis.

amJamad xelmisawvdomia arasakmarisi informacia mdinarisekologiis da kerZod mdinaris kalmaxis ekologiuri xarjisspecialuri moTxovnebis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, mdinare Tergisgaremo icvleba mdinaris hidroeleqtrosadguris ori uaxlesisqemis zemoqmedebis safuZvelze, uSualod SeTavazebuli darialishidroeleqtrosadguris qveda biefze: larsishidroeleqtrosadguri, saqarTvelo, dasrulebis procesSi da“ezminskaia” hidroeleqtrosadguri, ruseTi (dasrulebuli). amitomgadawyda miRebul iqnas gamafrTxilebeli midgoma monitoringiTmarTuli adapturi marTvis gegmis meSveobiT. adapturi marTvaiTvaliswinebs, magaliTad, droebiT Sesworebebs ekologiur xarjSisezonuri migraciebis xelSesawyobad aprili – oqtombris TveebSi,Tu aseTi migraciebi dadasturebulia Tevzis monitoringisprogramis safuZvelze. aqedan gamomdinare rekomendebulia, rom:

SemuSavdes monitoringis reJimi imis dasadastureblad, romSeTavazebuli minimaluri ekologiuri xarji sakmarisiazemoaRniSnuli moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad;

ganxilul iqnas proeqti imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom Sluzi,uSualod Tevzsavalis mimdebared, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,daregulirdes ekologiuri xarjis mdinareSi gadasvlis mizniT, imformiT, rom Tevzebi miizidos Tevzsavalisken;

geomorfologiuri monitoringi (romelic orientirebuliapirdapiri arxis uwyvetobaze, wvrili sedimentebis movardnaze dageomorfologiur pasuxze Secvlil reJimTan mimarTebaSi)xorcieldeba adapturi marTvis da ekologiuri monitoringisSesaxeb informirebis mizniT.

monitoringis minimum erTi sezoni xvdeba sqemis dawyebamde dagrZeldeba minimum sami weli dawyebidan (es SesaZloadakavSirebuli iyos filosofiis doqtoris kvlevasTan);

marTvis reJimi ganisazRvreba samuSao gamocdilebis safuZvelze,romelic pirdapir iTvaliswinebs monitoringis Sedegebs;

zemoaRniSnuli gamoiyeneba sazoagdoebis saqmianobis, ganaTlebisda codnis amaRlebis strategiis informirebis mizniT.



Page4

1 Sesavali

“dariali enerji” (DE) JSV amuSavebs darialishidroeleqtrosadguris (hesi) proeqts yazbegis municipalitetSi,saqarTvelos centralur regionSi. aRniSnuli sadguri moicavsmdinaris bunebriv reJimSi momuSave, 108 mgvt simZlavrishidroeleqtro sadgurs, dakavSirebuli qve-sadgurebiT daeleqtrogadamcemi infrastruqturiT. wyalgadasaSvebi kaSxaliSeavsebs mdinare Tergis monakveTs da wyalmimRebi nageboba wyalsgadaagdebs saleqar auzSi da mimyvan gvirabSi eleqtrosadgurismimarTulebiT. eleqtrosadguridan wyalsarini gvirabi waiRebswyals im adgilze, sadac kvlav SeurTdeba mdinare Tergiskalapots. aRniSnuli “saderivacio monakveTi”, wyalgadasaSvebikaSxalidan wyalsarini gvirabis wyalgamSvebamde, Semouvlismdinare Tergis daaxloebiT 5 km-s.

Ove Arup & Partners International Limited (Arup) daniSna dariali enerjim 2013wlis 3 dekembers mdinare Tergze wylis habitatisbiomravalferovnebaze eleqtrosadguris zemoqmedebis Sesaxebrekomendaciebis misacemad. aRniSnuli samuSao Sesrulda evropisrekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankis (EBRD) moTxovniT,romelic muSaobs dariali enerjisTan erTad SeTavazebuli sqemisdamtkicebis mizniT.

angariSi momzadda mxolod dariali enerjisa da evropisrekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankisTvis aRniSnuli proeqtisganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT. is ar daefuZneba an ar gadaecemasxva mxares Arup–is winaswari werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.angariSSi ar ganixileba nebismieri sxva potenciuri zemoqmedebagaremoze, proeqtis ganviTarebis Sedegad, ekologiur xarjTandakavSirebuli zemoqmedebebis, geomorfologiis da wylisekologiis garda (upiratesad Tevzis populaciebi).

Arup ar iRebs aranair pasuxismgeblobas nebismier informaciaze anmis sizusteze, romelic warmoiqmneba meoradi wyaroebisgan, Tumcaganxorcielda sxvadasxva RonisZiebebi am gziT mopovebuliinformaciis kanonzimierebis da Sesatyvisobis Sesamowmeblad.



Page5

2 saqmianobis sfero

teqnikur davalebaSi gansazRvruli saqmianobis sfero moicavsSemdegs:

proeqtis saorganizacio kreba / satelefoni konferenciagamsesxeblebTan da msesxeblebTan saboloo teqnikuri davalebisda moTxovnili rezultatebis SeTanxmebis mizniT.

arsebuli informaciis winaswari Teoriuli kvleva, moTxovnisgagzavna Semdgomi informaciisTvis xelmisawvdomobisSemTxvevaSi.

msesxebelTan, msesxeblis sakonsultacio jgufTan dagamsesxeblebTan Sexvedra SeTavazebuli midgomis ganxilvis damoTxovnili samuSaoebis gansazRvris mizniT.

saproeqto obieqtze viziti msesxebelTan da gamsesxebliswarmomadgenlebTan erTad, mdinare Tergis mdgomareobaze, maTSoris mdinaris morfologiaze, hidrologiur maxasiaTeblebze,samSeneblo saqmianobebze da proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegmazedakvirvebis mizniT.

eqspertis daskvnis warmodgena SeTavazebul proeqtis da misiSesaZlo zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb mdinaris maxasiaTeblebze, maTSoris misaRebi ekologiuri xarjis limitebis gamoTvlisSesaxeb cnobili an potenciuri mdinaris biomravalferovnebisda konservaciis statusis safuZvelze.

rekomendebuli qmedebebis da adapturi Semarbilebeli zomebissaTanadod argumentirebuli da swrafad ganxorcielebadiCamonaTvalis uzrunvelyofa, maT Soris teqnikuri proeqtisgadawyvetebis da operatiuli kontrolis uzrunvelyofa,saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Semdgomi monitoringis da SeTavazebuliproeqtis hidro ekologiaze, maT Soris Tevzis populaciebzezemoqmedebis minimumamde dayvanis mizniT.

saorganizacio Sexvedris Semdeg, obieqtze viziti ganaxorcieladoq. devid heteringtonma 2013 wlis 11 da 12 dekembers.imavdroulad ganxorcielda relevanturi informaciisanalitikuri kvleva gaerTianebuli samefos personalis mier.Semdgomi diskusiebi evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebisbankTan, Arup-is angariSis Sinaarsi da moTxovnebi SeTanxmebuliqna Semdegnairad:

arsebuli informaciis seriozuli ganxilva, rogorcwarmodgenilia dariali enerjis da evropis rekonstruqciisa daganviTarebis bankis mier;

obieqtze vizitis monacemebis moxseneba;

saqarTveloSi Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis, specialuri pirobebisda hidroeleqtrosadguris gaSvebis reJimis marTvis da



Page6

operaciis gansazRvra da komentaris gakeTeba evrokavSirisstandartebTan mimarTebaSi.

konteqstis warmodgena arsebuli saxelmZRvanelos daekologiuri xarjis formulaciaze meTodologiebis Sesaxeb.

ekologiurad orientirebuli, Sesabamisi ekologiuri xarjisrekomendeba mdinaris zemoqmedebul monakveTze moqmedistandartebis, geomorfologiuri mtkicebulebis da maRalidonis hidravlikuri analizis safuZvelze.

2.1 konteqsti

evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki (EBRD)moqmedebs, rogorc dariali enerjis (msesxebeli) gamsesxebelidarialis hidroeleqtrosadguris sqemis ganviTarebasTandakavSirebiT. Sesabamisi kvlevebi ganxorcielda sqemisganxorcielebadobasTan da ekologiur da socialurzemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT (ixileT 2.2. nawili aRniSnulikvlevebis CamonaTvalisTvis).

evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankma (EBRD) wamoWrasakiTxebi mdinaris hidrologiur reJimze SeTavazebulidarialis hidroeleqtrosadguris potenciuri ekologiurizemoqmedebis Sesaxeb. kerZod, sakiTxebi wamoiWra SeTavazebuliminimaluri ekologiuri xarjis mizanSewonilobis Sesaxebmimyvan (hidroeleqtrosadguris wyalmimRebi, sadac xdebamdinaris wylis gadagdeba) da wyalsarin (hidroeleqtrosadguriswyalgamSvebi, sadac xdeba wylis dabruneba mdinaris qvedabiefze) arxebs Soris. ekologiuri xarji aris wylis ekosistemismxardasaWerad saWiro Teoriuli minimaluri xarji. amJamadaRniSnuli sqema iTvaliswinebs saSualo wliuri xarjis 10%-isdatovebas.

evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankma Tavisivaldebulebebi ekologiur da socialur mdgradobasTandakavSirebiT ganmarta ekologiur da socialur (E&S)politikaSi12, romelSic miTiTebulia, rom proeqti, romelsac isafinansebs socialurad da ekologiurad mdgradi unda iyos.evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki mowodebuliaxeli Seuwyos ekologiurad misaReb da mdgrad ganviTarebas misisadamfuZneblo xelSekrulebis Sesabamisad (xelSekrulebaevropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankis dafuZnebisSesaxeb) saqmianobebis srul farglebSi. evropisrekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankma darialishidroeleqtrosadgurs mianiWa A kategoria. A kategoriisTvismsesxebelma unda ganaxorcielos socialuri da ekologiurizemoqmedebebis da riskebis Sefaseba da warmoadginosSemarbilebeli da marTvis zomebi nebismieri uaryofiTizemoqmedebis Sesarbileblad.

1 IFC, 2012 saerTaSoriso finansuri korporaciis politika ekologiuri dasocialuri mdgradobis Sesaxeb.2 EBRD, 2008. ekologiuri da socialuri politika.



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evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankis gancxadebiT,“SeTavazebuli proeqti klasificirdeba A kategoriad, Tu isgamoiwvevs potenciurad mniSvnelovan da sxvadasxva uaryofiTmomaval ekologiur da/an socialur zemoqmedebebs daproblemebs, romelTa swrafad gansazRvra an SefasebaSeuZlebelia kategoriebis miniWebis dros da romelic moiTxovsdamoukidebeli mesame mxaris specialistebis mierganxorcielebul formalizebul da saerTo Sefasebis process,ganxorcielebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad”.

evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankis ekologiuri dasocialuri politika detalurad ganixilavs 10 ganxorcielebismoTxovnas (OR), romelic moicavs ekologiuri da socialuridagegmvis yvela aspeqts. aRniSnul kvlevasTan dakavSirebulimTavari ganxorcielebis moTxovna aris ganxorcielebis moTxovna6 (PR 6) – cocxali bunebrivi resursebis konservacia da mdgradimarTva. ganxorcielebis moTxovnis 6 (PR 6) mizania:

- biomravalferovnebis dacva da konservacia;

- biomravalferovnebaze zemoqmedebebis Tavidan acileba,minimumamde dayvana da Serbileba da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSimniSvnelovani narCeni zemoqmedebebis neitralizacia,biomravalferovnebis sruli danakargis an wminda mogebis gareSemiznis miRwevisTvis;

- mdgradi marTvis xelSewyoba da bunebrivi resursebisgamoyeneba;

- mkvidri da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis monawileobisuzrunvelyofa gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi;

- proeqtis ganviTarebidan da geentikuri resursebidanwarmoebuli sargebelis samarTliani da Tanabari ganawilebisuzrunvelyofa;

- kompaniebis eqspluataciaze licenziis, reputaciis dakonkurentuli upiratesobis gamyareba biomravalferovnebismeTodologiuri marTvis meSveobiT biznes riskis daSesaZleblobebis saxiT;

- pro-biomravalferovnebis saqmianobis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba,romelic warmoadgens alternatiul saarsebo saSualebebsbunebrivi garemos aramdgradi gamoyenebis nacvlad;



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2.2 xelmisawvdomi informacia

winamdebare angariSSi warmodgenili wina proeqtisTvisspecifikuri kvlevebi moicavs:

- garemoze da socialur sferoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSi;2011 w. Stucky Caucasus / Gamma3;

- darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris winaswari teqnikuri Sefaseba;2013w. Fichtner4;

- darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqti –ganxorcielebadobis analizi; 2011; Landsvirkjun Power / Verkís5;

- darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqti – proeqtisganxorcielebis gegmis angariSi; 2012; Landsvirkjun Power / Verkís6;

- darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris saderivacio monakveTzearsebuli Senakadebis mokle hidrologiuri aRweriloba; “gamas”SeniSvna, gagzavnili dariali enerjis mier 2013 wlis 8dekembers7;

- darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris da sakompensacio obieqtebisSedarebiTi analizi, botanikuri komponenti; 2013w; botanikisinstituti, ilias saxelmwifo universiteti8;

- darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris saproeqto zonis dasakompensacio obieqtebis SedarebiTi analizi, zoologiurikomponenti; 2013w; botanikis instituti, ilias saxelmwifouniversiteti9;

3 garemoze da socialur sferoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSi; 2011; StuckyCaucasus / Gamma.4 darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris winaswari teqnikuri Sefaseba; 2013w. Fichtner.5 darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqti – ganxorcielebadobis analizi; 2011;Landsvirkjun Power / Verkís6 darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqti – proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegmisangariSi; 2012; Landsvirkjun Power / Verkís7 darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris saderivacio monakveTze arsebuliSenakadebis mokle hidrologiuri aRweriloba; “gamas” SeniSvna, gagzavnilidariali enerjis mier 2013 wlis 8 dekembers.8 darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris da sakompensacio obieqtebis SedarebiTianalizi, botanikuri komponenti; 2013w; botanikis instituti, ilias saxelmwifouniversiteti.9 darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris saproeqto zonis da sakompensacioobieqtebis SedarebiTi analizi, zoologiuri komponenti; 2013w; botanikisinstituti, ilias saxelmwifo universiteti.



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2.3 saerTaSoriso meTodologiurisaxelmZRvanelo

kaSxlebis msoflio komisiis angariSi 10 xazs usvams wylisresursebis moTxovnis dabalansebis saWiroebas da socialurekologiur sakiTxebs, romelic moicavs mdinaris habitatebs dasaarsebo saSualebebs. angariSSi rekomendebulia, romekologiuri xarji unda moergos sqemis specialur parametrs.mTavari saxelmZRvanelo miTiTeba iTvaliswinebs, rom proeqtiunda moergos konteqstis cvlilebebs, da regularulimonitoringis ganxorcielebas cvalebad moTxovnebze morgebisSesaxeb informirebis mizniT.

saerTaSoriso hidroenergetikuli asociacia (IHA) gamoscaprotokoli 11 hidroeleqtroenergiis racionaluri gamoyenebisxelSewyobasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic aseve SesaZloarelevanturi iyos aRniSnuli sqemisTvis. protokolis gamoyenebaSeiZleba hidroeleqtro proeqtis mdgradobis Sesafaseblad,monitoringTan erTad. sxva TemebTan erTad, protokolSiganxilulia qveda biefis dinebis reJimis sakiTxi.

gaerTianebuli samefos teqnikur-sakonsultacio jgufma(UKTAG) 12 gamosca meTodologiuri saxelmZRvanelo wylisgaremos CarCo direqtivis (WFD) moTxovnebis Sesaxeb wyalsacavSi.aRniSnuli midgoma iTvaliswinebs “blokuri awyobis”meTodologias, romelic SesaZloa mizanSewonili iyos imisSesafaseblad, Tu rogor SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli mimdinaremdgomareobis Sesaxeb informacia ekologiuri xarjismoTxovnebis gansazRvrisTvis mdinare Tergze darialishidroeleqtrosadguris lokaciaze. aRniSnuli meTodologiaefuZneba bunebrivi xarjis nimuSs, romelic iTvaliswinebs, rombunebrivi xarjis reJimi uzrunvelyofs saukeTeso pirobebsekosistemis funqcionirebisTvis da gansazRvravs mTavar dinebebs(blokuri awyoba), romelic saWiroa ekosistemis funqcionirebisxelSewyobisTvis. amasTan, gamoyenebul unda iqnas Sesabamisi dagazomvadi ekologiuri maCveneblebi, adgilobriv konteqstsmorgebuli Sesaferisi kvlevis meTodologiebi. aRniSnulisaxelmZRvanelo rekomendebs riskze dafuZnebuli midgomisgamoyenebas, romelic adgens riskebs da xarjis moTxovnebsSerCeuli habitatisTvis an ekologiuri elementisTvis, da xazsusvams moqnili marTvis da gamoyenebis midgomis mniSvnelobas.

10 kaSxlebis msoflio komisia, 2000. kaSxlebi da ganviTareba, axali struqturagadawyvetilebis misaRebad. kaSxlebis msoflio komisiis angariSi.11 IHA, 2011. saerTaSoriso hidroenergetikuli asociaciis saxelmZRvanelo –mdgradobis Sefasebis protokoli.12 UKTAG, 2013. mdianris xarji saTanado ekologiuri potencialisTvis. saboloorekomendaciebi.



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msgavsi saxelmZRvanelo ganixiles mecnierebma da praqtikos-specialistebma13 , 14 . saerTo sagani yvela saxelmZRvaneloSi arisaqcenti monitoringis da moqnili marTvis mniSvnelobaSirekomendaciebis gacemis da sqemebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, daaris integracia instrumentebis sqemebis farglebSi, romeliciTvaliswinebs iseT saeqspluatacio pirobebSi cvlilebebisSetanis daSvebas, rogoricaa ekologiuri xarjis gaSveba.

13 Acreman, M, Aldrick, J., Binnie, C., Black, A, Cowx, I, Dawson, H, Dunbar, M., Extence, C.,Hannaford, J., Harby, A., Holmes, N., Jarret, N., Old, G., Peirson, G. and Webb, J. 2009. ekologiurixarji kaSxlebidan: wylis garemos CarCo direqtiva. teqnikuri mdgradoba, 000, p1-10.14 Sniffer, 2012. abstraqciis da wylis xarjis regulirebis ekologiurimaCveneblebi’ da dinebis gaSvebis optimizacia wyalsacavi rezervuarebidan.



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2.4 evropis kanonmdebloba dasaxelmZRvanelo

garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saministrom dasva sakiTxiSeTavazebuli ekologiuri xarjis gamoTvlis mecnierulisafuZvelis Sesaxeb.3 es aseve aris gamsesxeblebis sakiTxi.

darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris sqema uzrunvelyofs garemoze dasocialur sferoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebas (ESIAError! Bookmarknot defined.), evrokavSiris (EA) garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis (EIA)direqtivis moTxovnebis da sanimuSo saxelmZRvanelos gamoynebiT. 15

es gansazRvrulia imisaTvis, rom gamsesxeblebis moTxovnebimimarTuli iyos imisken, rom proeqtma ziani ar miayenos adamianebsda garemos. ekologiuri da socialuri kompleqsuri Semowmebis(ESDD) Sedegad dadgenili ramdenime sakiTxi gadawyda garemozezemoqmedebis SefasebiT SeTavazebuli monitoringis da marTvisstrategiebis da rekomendaciebis safuZvelze.

evropis rekonstruqciis da ganviTarebis bankis ekologiuri dasocialuri politikis PR6 nawili miuTiTebs biomravalferovnebiskonservacias da cocxali bunebrivi resursebis racionalurmarTvas. aRniSnul politikaSi xazgasmulia habitatebis dabiomravalferovnebis dacvis moTxovna proeqtebSi, da kerZod misimizania dafinansebuli proeqtebis biomravalferovnebazezemoqmedebis Tavidan acileba, minimumamde dayvana da Serbileba,narCeni zemoqmedebis neitralizeba da imis uzrunvelyofa, romekologiuri mTlianoba da ekosistemis funqcionireba riskis qveSar dadges an ar moxdes habitatis ganadgureba im donemde, romveRar SeZlos misi adgilobrivi saxeobebis sicocxlisunarianipopulaciebis SenarCuneba.

gamsesxeblebis politika xazs usvams, rom gadamwyveti mniSvnelobaaqvs yvela saWiro zomis miRebas imis uzrunvelsayofad, rommoTxovnili ekologiuri xarjis dasadgenad gamoiyeneba saTanadomecnieruli codna da praqtika da Sesabamisi monitoringi daadapturi marTvis saSualebebi, raTa SesaZlebeli iyosgaugebrobebis da varaudebis gansazRvra. kerZod, SeTavazebulia,rom proeqtebi unda momzaddes maregulirebeli moTxovnebis dasaTanado saerTaSoriso praqtikis Sesabamisad. evropisrekonstruqciis da ganviTarebis bankis mizania xeli SeuwyosevrokavSiris garemosdacviT standartebs da moTxovnebs, rommiRebul iqnas gamafrTxilebeli midgoma sqemebis potenciurizemoqmedebis Sefasebisas, romelsac aseve rekomendebs evrokavSirisregulaciebi16.

15 direqtiva 85/337/EEC garemoze konkretuli saxelmwifo da kerZo proeqtebiszemoqmedebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb (romelic Sesworebulia). amJamindelikodificirebuli versia aris direqtiva 2011/92/EU.16 EU, evrokavSiris funqcionirebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis 191 muxli.



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habitatebis dacvis Sesaxeb direqtivasTan erTad 17 , evrokavSirismTavari maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba wylisbiomravalferovnebasTan da mdinaris ekosistemasTan dakavSirebiTaris wylis garemos CarCo direqtiva (WFD) 18 . aRniSnuli moiTxovs,rom wylis yvela obieqtis ekologiuri statusi SefasdesevrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebis mier. aRniSnuli informaciadetalurad unda iqnas ganxiluli mdinaris auzis marTvis gegmaSi(RBMP) im zomebTan erTad, romelic saWiroa imis uzrunvelsayofad,rom yvela wylis obieqtma miaRwios saTanado ekologiur statuss.yvela axali (da amJamad mimdinare) saqmianoba wylis garemoSi undaSesruldes wylis garemos CarCo direqtivis moTxovnebis dacviTwevr saxelmwifoebSi, raTa aseTma saqmianobebma ziani ar miayenoswylsi ekosistemebs, xeli Seuwyos wylis, rogorc bunebriviresursis racionalur gamoyenebas da habitatis da uSualodwyalze damokidebuli saxeobebis konservacias.

saqarTvelo ar aris evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifo. mdinare Tergsar aqvs mdinaris auzis marTvis gegma da ar aris gansazRvruliarsebuli ekologiuri statusi. miuxedavad amisa, wylis garemosCarCo direqtivais saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi da miznebi SeiZlebakvlav gamoyenebul iqnas imis Sesafaseblad, miayenebs Tu ara ziansaRniSnuli sqema mdinare Tergis ekologiur statuss.

17 direqtiva 92/43/EEC bunebrivi habitatebis da veluri florisa da fauniskonservaciis Sesaxeb.18 2000 wlis 23 oqtombris sabWos direqtiva 2000/60/EC, romelic gansazRvravsTanamegobrobis moqmedebis struqturas wylis politikis sferoSi.

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3 sqemis aRweriloba

es nawili moicavs sxvadasxva struqturebis da maTieqspluataciis mokle reziume darialishidroeleqtrosadguris proeqtis farglebSi. informaciisumetesoba aRebulia Landsvirkjun Power & Verkis-dan, darialishidroeleqtrosadguris proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegmisangariSidan (2012 wlis marti), romelic warmoadgensSeTavazebul hidroeleqtrosadgurTan dakavSirebulimniSvnelovani informaciis Sejamebas, romelic ufrodetalurad aRwerilia qvemoT 1 cxrilSi.

cxrili 1 mniSvnelovani informacia SeTavazebul darialishidroeleqtrosadgurTan dakavSirebiT (rogorc mocemulia 2012 wlismartis proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegmis angariSSi, Landsvirkjun Power &Verkis-is mier).

hidrologiurimonacemebi

niSnavs mdinaris xarjs wyalmimRebTan 24.9 m3/sturbinis saangariSoO xarji 33 m3/ssanitaruli xarji 2.4 m3/ssaSualo xarji sadgurSi. 22.4 m3/s

wyalmimRebi kaSxlis saproeqtowyalmovardna

515 m3/s

maqsimaluri registrirebuli xarji (1928) 481 m3/ssaTavenagebobebi

wyalgadasaSvebis Txemis niSnuli 1729.3 m a.s.l.

wyalmovardnis maqsimaluri done (FWL) 1732.1 m a.s.l.carieli mimRebi auzi 1725 m a.s.l.

mimRebi auzis saerTo moculoba 7000 m3

wyalgadasaSvebi kaSxlis sigrZe 36 msarecxi Sluzi 2 erT. 6.0x6.0 m

wyalgadasaSvebis gamtarunarianoba FWL-ze

220 m3/s

sarecxi Sluzebis gamtarunarianoba FWL-ze

280 m3/s

nagavSemakavebeli cxaurebi, 3 erT. 4.0x2.2 m

wyalmimRebis saketebi, 3 erT. 4.0x2.2 mmilsadeni –wyalmimRebiqviSis auzamde

sigrZe 326 m

tipiCaflulifoladis mili.GRP‐mili anbetonismilsadeni

diametri 3.5‐3.6 mqviSis auzi kameris sigrZe 112 m

sigane 40 m

siRrme 6 mmilsadeni sigrZe 1774 m



qviSis auziHRTwyalmimRebamde

tipiCaflulifoladis mili.GRP‐ mili anbetonismilsadeni

diametri 3.5‐3.6 mmimyvani gvirabi mimyvani gvirabi. sigrZe 5040 m

diametri 5.5 mdaxriloba 6.21%wylis nakadis siCqare (saangariSo) 1.33 m/sStolni gvirabi 510 m

maTanabrebeliSaxta

Saxtis diametri 3.5 mSaxtis Ziri 1420 m a.s.l.Saxtis zeda nawili 1735 m a.s.l.



maTanabrebeli Saxtis simaRle 315 msadawneo Saxta vertikaluri sigrZe 55 m

foladis samosi, sigrZe,gamanawilebelis gamoklebiT.

85 m

Saxtis amoRebis diametri 3.5 m

foladis samosi, diametri 2.9 meleqtrosadguri agregatebi da dadgmuli

simZlavre3×36 MW

tipi vertikaluri peltonis

nominaluri siCqare 375 rpmgeneratoris nominalurisimZlavre

3×45 MVA

eleqtrosadguris zoma (wxlxh) 13.5x71x28meleqtrosadguris Sesasvleligvirabi

sigrZe 330 m

sigane 5.5 msimaRle 6.0 mZiri moasfaltebuli

portali betonis struqtura

portalis kari 5.0x5.0 msakabelo gvirabi sigrZe 510 m

diametri 5.5 mZiri moxreSili zedapiri

kabelis sayrdenebi kabelis kibeebi

wyalgadasaSvebigvirabigirabi

sigrZe 500 mgvirabis monakveTi, nalisebri 5.0 x 5.0 m

wyalgadasaSvebiarxi

sigrZe 125 mZiris sigane 5.0 mqveda biefis donisCveulebrivi niSnuli

1343.2 m a.s.l.

qveda biefis donismaqsimaluri niSnuli

1346.4 m a.s.l.

3.1 saTavo nageboba

mdinare Tergis gaswvriv unda aSendes dabali betoniswyalgadasaSvebi kaSxali daaxloebiT 1725 m simaRleze.wyalmimRebi auzi unda iyos 0.25 heqtari 1729.3 m simaRleze.eleqtrosadguris datvirTva unda gakontroldes saleqariauzis wylis doniT (romelic kontroldeba wyalmimRebi auziswylis donis mixedviT). vinaidan sadgurs ar SeuZlia miiRosdidi datvirTvis cvlilebebi, romelsac SesaZloa adgilihqondes wyalmimRebi auzis mcire zomis gamo. saTave nagebobebimoicavs sarecx Sluzebs, Tevzsavals da wyalmimReb nagebobas.

saTave nagebobebis saangariSo maqsimaluri xarji Seadgens 515m3/wm-s, 200 wlis Sedegis Sesabamisad, aseT SemTxvevaSi aranairi



ziani ar miadgeba saTave nagebobebs. 1,000 wlis SedegisSesabamisad sakontrolo wyalmovardnis maCvenebeli Seadgens660 m3/wm-s, am SemTxvevas SeuZlia mcire ziani miayenosnagebobebs.

3.2 wyalgadasaSvebi kaSxali

wyalgadasaSvebi kaSxali iqneba 30 m sigrZis gadasaSvebibetonis nageboba, e.i. mTliani Txemi gamoiyeneba rogorcwyalgadasaSvebi. wyalgadasaSvebi kaSxalis qveda biefze iqnebabetonis wyalsacemi auzi energiis Semcirebis mizniT wyalSisanam is ganmeorebiT SeurTdeba mdinares. mdinares eqnebadamatebiTi qvayriliT gamagreba walekvis prevenciisTvis.wyalgadasaSvebis gverdebis gaswvriv aSendeba kedlebi mTeliwylis wyalsacem auzSi mimarTvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.

3.3 sarecxi Sluzebi

unda aSendes ori sarecxi Sluzi, romelic aseve gaaormagebssaketiani wyalgadasaSvebis funqcias wyaldidobis SemTxvevaSi.sarecxi Sluzebis umTavresi mizani iqneba didi raodenobiTsedimentebis da mdinareSi fskeruli nariyi masalebiswyalmimRebSi Sesvlis prevencia. saketebi unda gakontroldeseleqtroZravebiT, romelic SeiZleba moqmedebdes adgilobrivadan distanciurad. TiToeuli saketis sigane iqneba 6,4 m dasimaRle - 6m. 2 m simaRlis betonis kedeli mimarTavs fskerulnariy sedimentebs sarecxi Sluzebisken da wyalmimRebidanmoSorebiT. uzrunvelyofili unda iyos misasvlelisedimentebis grovebis mosaSoreblad.

3.4 wyalmimRebi

Cveulebrivi betonis wyalmimRebi nageboba unda aSendesmdinaris marjvena sanapiroze, sarecxi Sluzebis axlos.wyalmimRebis zRurbli iqneba 0.8 m-ze maRali wina filaze.aRniSnul nagebobas eqneba 3 SemSvebi Riobi, TiToeuli 4msiganis da 2.2. m simaRlis eleqtromeqanikuri saketebi.rezervis saxiT, TiToeul SemSvebs unda hqondes xeliTmarTvadi siRrmuli brtyeli saketi. nagavSemkavebeli cxaurebiunda ganTavsdes saketebis win da kameraSi wyalmimRebnagebobas da milsadenis Sesasvlels Soris. sensorebigazomavs wylis siRrmes da temperaturas da informaciagadaecema eleqtrosadgurs.

3.5 milsadeni saleqari auzisken

saleqari auzi ar SeiZleba aSendes wyalmimRebi nagebobisaxlos topografiis da Senakadis mier mdinareSi SetaniliSlamis gamo. daxuruli 325 m sigrZis mili gadaitans wyals



SemSvebi nagebobidan saleqari auzisken. es milsadeniimoqmedebs wnevis qveS da srulad gaivlis yvela gadasaSvebs.gamoyenebuli masalebis detalebi da zusti proeqti ar arisdasrulebuli. iq, sadac milsadeni kveTs wylis dinebebs,uzrunvelyofili unda iyos qvayriliT damatebiTi gamagreba.

3.6 saleqari auzi

saleqari auzis sigrZe iqneba 112 m da sigane 40 m, oridamoukidebeli kameriT. is daproeqtdeba imgvarad, romgamoitanos 0,2 mm diametris qviSis nawilakebi 33 m3/wmsaangariSo xarjiT. gawmendis dros imoqmedebs erTi kamera.eleqtro saketebi gaakontrolebs nakads saleqari auzisken.TiToeuli kameris qveda boloSi aSendeba sarecxi xvrelissaketebi, romelic gadaitans narecx sedimentebs bunebrividinebis kalapotSi da Semdeg daabrunebs ukan mdinareSi.

wylis done kamerebSi unda aRematebodes 3m-s imisaTvis, romhaeri ar Sevides milSi. eleqtrosadgurze datvirTva undagakontroldes aRniSnuli donis mixedviT da misi kontroli damonitoringi ganxorcieldeba eleqtrosadguridan.

sezonuri wylis arxi mdebareobs saleqari auzis obieqtze,romelic moqmedebs Tovlis/yinulis dnobis dros. saleqariauzis qveS gayvanil iqneba wyalgadasaSvebi mili aRniSnulinakadis gansaTavseblad, eroziisgan dacviT raTa ar moxdesnagebobis Ziris gamoTxra.

.



3.7 milsadeni mimyvani gvirabisken

aRniSnuli milsadeni iqneba wina milsadenis msgavsi proeqtida misi sigrZe iqneba 1,58 m. is imoqmedebs srulad da wnevisqveS yvela SesarTavTan. milsadeni unda Caiflas miwaSi,magram unda gadakveTos gazisl milsadeni. milsadens damimyvan gvirabs Soris gadasasvlelze iqneba betonis kamera,romelsac eqneba haeris gamosaSvebi, raTa ar moxdes haerisbuStukebis gadatana mimyvani gvirabidan eleqtrosadguramde.

3.8 mimyvani gvirabi

mimyvani gvirabi iqneba daaxloebiT 5,042 m sigrZis, 5.5. m siganisda gadaitans wyals sadawneo Saxtamde, romelic kvebavs kvebisblokebs. gvirabis mSenebloba unda moxdes gvirabgamyvanimanqaniT da gaTvaliswinebulia, rom gvirabi ar iqnebamopirkeTebuli kontaqturi SemkvrivebiT, sadac moiTxoveba(gadasaSvebi zonebi), saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi torkret-betoniTan betoniT mopirkeTebis gamoyenebiT. gvirabis mopirkeTebisSesaxeb gadawyvetileba miRebul unda iqnas mSeneblobis etapzegvirabis mSeneblobis Sesabamisad. mimyvani gvirabiseqspluataciis Semdeg, mSeneblobisTvis gamoyenebuli Semavaligvirabi daixureba, datovebs liTonis Semaval luks teqnikurimomsaxurebisTvis.

dawnevis danakargi gvirabSi iqneba mcire dabali sixSiris dagluvi kedlebis gamo.

3.9 maTanabrebeli mowyobilobebi

mimyvan gvirabis sistemaSi hidravlikuri dartymisSesamcireblad da cxauris regulirebis xelSesawyobad undaaSendes maTanabrebeli Saxta. is ganTavsdeba sadawneo SaxtiszemoT 200-300 m simaRleze. Saxtis zeda nawilis simaRle undaaRematebodes 1750m-s, turbinebSi swrafi daxurvis SemTxvevaSiwylis gadaSvebis prevenciis mizniT.

3.10 sadawneo Saxta

foladiT mopirkeTebuli sadawneo Saxta gadaitans wyalsmimyvani gvirabidan da Semdeg ganStovdeba 3 calke gvirabadTiToeul kvebis wyaromde. ganStobebi unda iyoshorizontaluri 3 m monakveTi da aRWurvili unda iyossferuli sarqvelebiT.

3.11 eleqtrosadguris Senoba

eleqtrosadguris Senoba iqneba miwisqveS, sdac ganTavsdeba samipeltonis tipis agregati. hidroturbinis muSa Tvlebi iqneba 1350 m



simaRleze. 372m dawnevis wminda simaRliT da 33 m3/w xarjiT,TiToeul peltonis Tvlis turboagregats eqneba 36 megavatigeneratoris gamoSvebis simZlavre nominalur datvirTvaze.savaraudod sinqronuli agregatis siCqare turbinebisTvis iqneba 375br/wT-Si 6 saqSeni turbiniT.

3.12 wyalsarini gvirabi

saboloo etapi moicavs gvirabs, romelsac miaqvs wyalieleqtrosadguridan ukan mdinareSi. gvirabis sigrZe iqneba 500m,simaRle 5 m, da sigane 5 m. is daiwyeba TiToeuli turbinidangamomavali 3 gvirabiT. gvirabis Ziri iqneba horizontaluri1,342m simaRleze. portalTan iqneba 35 m sigrZis Ria tipisbetonis seqcia, rodesac mokle Ria arxi mis win Seitanssadawneo auzs larsis proeqtSi.



4 hidrologia

4.1 wyalsakrebi auzis detalebi

mdinare Tergis wyalsakrebi auzis moculoba saproeqto

kveTis zemoT Seadgens 806 km2 4,6. aq warmodgenilia 15Senakadi, romelic uerTdeba mdinare Tergs kaSxlsi saTavenagebobebs da wyalsarini gvirabis wyalgadasaSvebs Soris(saderivacio monakveTi). mdinareebi yuro, Tibiswyali da

amali yvelaze mniSvnelovani Senakadebia am monakveTSi19.

4.2 mdinaris xarjis xelmisawvdomi monacemebi

mdinare TergSi wylis xarji gaizoma yazbegis (stefanwminda)hidrologiur dakvirvebis punqtSi (HWP) 1928 wlidan 1940

wlamde da 1953 wlidan 1990 wlamde3,4,6. ESIA3 angariSSiwarmodgenili monacemebi xelmisawvdomia mxolod 1986 wlamde.wylis siRrme gaizoma wyalsazomi lartyis gamoyenebiT daaqedan iqna gamoTvlili saSualo dRiuri wylis done. siCqarismonacemebi mopovebulia hidrometruli xelsawyos gamoyenebiT(maCveneblebi aRebulia 20-25-jer weliwadSi), romelic saSualodRiuri wylis siRrmis dakvirvebis monacemTan kombinaciisas,uzrunvelyofs wylis xarjis Sefasebas. aRniSnuli dakvirvebisperiodebidan miRebuli xarjis monacemebi SefasdayoveldRiurad orjer dakvirvebis (dilis 8 sT-ze da saRamos 8sT-ze) safuZvelze yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi dadgenili wesebis

mixedviT6.

xarjis maCveneblebi saangariSoOkveTisTvis, romelic arisSemdgomi qveda biefi, miRebul iqna aRniSnuli dakvirvebisda 1.029 masStaburi faqtoris safuZvelze yvelaSemTxvevisTvis. saSualo wliuri da saSualo yovelTviuriwylis xarji gamosaTvlelad gamoyenebuli monacemebi wydeba

1990 wels, Tumca ESIA3 angariSSi monacemebi warmodgenilia1986 wlamde.

1990 wlidan dRemde bolo Canawerebis ararsebobamniSvnelovania ekologiuri xarjis reJimis wardgenisTvis,radgan es is periodia, rodesac klimatis cvlilebisniSnebi aSkara gaxdeba sxva regionebSi. aqedan gamomdinarearsebuli hidrologiuri xarjis reJimi wyalsakrebiauzisTvis SesaZloa gansxvavdebodes warmodgenili

19darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris saderivacio monakveTze arsebuli Senakadebis

mokle hidrologiuri aRweriloba; “Gamma” SeniSvna, romelic gaigzavna darialienerjis mier 2013 wlis 8 dekembers



monacemebisgan (1928-1940, 1953-19903,4,6). radgan arsebobsSezRuduli monacemebi, rom kavkasionis qedi da saqarTvelo

dRemde ganicdis klimatur cvlilebebs6, arsebobsangariSebi zamTris gazrdili xarjis, zafxulisSemcirebuli xarjis, saerTo gazrdili sixSiris danaleqianobis movlenebis xangrZliobis da naleqianobis

moculobis gazrdili tendenciis Sesaxeb4.

Arup ar uzrunvelyo daumuSavebel monacemebze wvdomada aqedan gamomdinare SeuZlebelia qvemoTwarmodgenili analizis sizustis damoukidebeliSemowmeba. zogadad gaurkvevelia, Tu ra gziT moxdahidrologiuri monacemebis warmodgena arsebulangariSebSi. es sakiTxi unda dazustdes Tu esSesaZlebelia.



4.3 saSualo wliuri wylis xarji

analizi efuZneba yazbegis hidrologiuri dakvirvebispunqtidan miRebul 51 wlian (1928-1940 da 1953-1990) monacemebsxarjis Sesaxeb. statistikuri damuSaveba momentebis meTodisgamoyenebiT qmnis ganawilebis mruds da 1.029 masStaburfaqtors, romelic warmoiqmneba wyalsakrebi auzisgafarToebis Sedegad, da warmoadgens gamoTvlebs saSualowliur xarjTan dakavSirebiT saangariSo kveTisTvis.

cxrili 24,6 warmoadgens mdinare Tergis, maT Soriswyalsakrebi auzis sabazo monacemebs, saSualo wliur xarjsda gadametebis SesaZleblobebs. aRniSnuli cxrili asaxavssaSualo wliur xarjs darialis kaSxalze, romelic Seadgens25.4 m3/wm-s, Q95 (xarji aRemateba 95%) sidide, romelic Seadgens16.4 m3/wm-s. Q10 (xarji aRemateba 10%) saTave nagebobebisTvisSeadgens 33.4 m3/wm-s, romelic warmoadgens daaxloebiTsaangariSo xarjs darialis hdiroeleqtrosadgurisTvis.

cxrili 24,6 yazbegis HWP-Si mdinare Tergis da saangariSo kveTissaSualo wliuri xarji sxvadasxva miwodebis xarjiT.



4.4 xarjis sezonuri cvalebadoba

cxrili 34,6 warmoadgens saangariSo kveTze mdinare TergissaSualo xarjis wliur ganawilebas. cxrilSi asaxuliasaSualo yovelTviuri xarji, romelic miRebulia yazbegisHWP-Si saSualo yovelTviuri xarjis saSualo wliurimonacemebidan, xarjis gadametebis sami SesaZlebelobisTvis:Q10 (maRali xarji), Q50 (saSualo xarji) da Q90 (dabali xarji),rogorc miTiTebulia hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqtis

ganxorcielebis gegmis6 angariSSi. ekologiuri xarjisSeTavazebuli sidide rCeba ucvleli, xarjis sezonuri dayovelTviuri cvlilebisgan damoukideblad gaSvebuli wylis2.54m3/wm-is odenobiT.

cxrili 34,6 hidroeleqtrosadguris saTave nagebobis kveTSi mdinareTergis saangariSo miwodebis saSualo wliuri xarjis wliuriganawileba.

suraTi 1, qvemoT asaxavs monacemebs

cxrilidan 34,6. suraTze warmodgenilia saangariSo kveTzesaSualo sezonur cvlilebebs da xarjis wlebs Soriscvalebadoba. Q10 xarji aRemateba Q90 xarjs daaxloebiTorjer mudmivobis safuZvelze 12 Tviani ciklis ganmavlobaSi.garda amisa, suraTi 1 asaxavs maqsimalur saproeqto xarjs(wiTeli punqtiruli xazi) darialishidroeleqtrosadgurisTvis, romelic Seadgens 33 m3/wm-s.yvela xarji, romelic aRemateba aRniSnul zRvars,gadaisxmeba wyalgadasaSvebze da Tevzsavalze, kaSxalze.



suraTi 1 saangariSo kveTze mdinare Tergis yovelTviurixarjis cvalebadoba miwodebis sxvadasxva xarjiT.

cxrili 46 da suraTi 2 warmoadgens saangariSo kveTze mdinareTergis Sefasebuli xarjis cvalebadobis analizs TvisganmavlobaSi. angariSebSi SeTanxmebulia da gamoyenebulia 51

wliani wyvetili monacemTa krebuli 1928-1940 da 1953-19903,4,6periodebisTvis. Tumca, hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqtis

ganxorcielebis gegmis6 angariSSi mocemulia 1928-1975 droisintervali. gaurkvevelia saidan iqna warmodgenili aRniSnulidrois intervali an aris Tu ara es Secdoma

hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegmis6angariSSi. es faqti ar aris dadasturebuli.

me-4 cxrili aRebulia uSualod darialishidroeleqtrosadguris proeqtidan – proeqtisganxorcielebis gegmis angariSidan da gviCvenebs xarjebs 10dRian monakveTebSi; TiToeuli 10 dRiani periodisTvissaSualo xarjiT, mocemulia Q10, Q50 da Q90. wliursafuZvelze, saSualo xarji Sesabamisad yvelaze dabaliadekemberi-martis TveebSi, swrafad izrdeba Tovlis dnobissezonze (aprili-ivnisi), piks aRwevs ivlisSi da SemdegTandaTan mcirdeba dekembramde.

Tvis ganmavlobaSi analizidan pirdapir Cans, rom tipiurad civ“zamTris TveebSi” (dekemberi-marti) arsebobs mxolod Zalianmcire cvlileba 10 dRian periodebs Soris TiToeuli xarjisgadametebis SesaZleblobis mixedviT. Tumca, Tovlis dnobissezonis dadgomisas (aprili-ivnisi) Tveebs Soris SesaZloaadgili hqondes xarjis did cvalebadobas (magaliTad, Q10 –aprili I = 12.1 m3/wm da aprili III = 30.1 m3/wm; daaxloebiTsammagi sxvaoba). nakleb gamoxatuli sxvaoba xarjSi aseve imisdamadasturebelia, rom xarji iwyebs klebas (magaliTad, Q10 –



seqtemberi I = 41 m3/wm da seqtemberi III = 28.5 m3/wm, cxrili 46.

cxrili 46 hidroeleqtrosadguris saTave nagebobis kveTze mdinareTergis saangariSo miwodebis saSualo wliuri xarjis wliuriganawileba 10 dRis mixedviT.

suraTi 2 darialis wyalmimRebTan 10 dRiani saSualo xarji.

suraTi 36 warmoadgens xarjis gadametebis mruds yazbegis

HWP-ze. suraTi 36 safuZvelze, saSualo wliuri xarji 24.7m3/wm-s odenobiT miRweulia daaxloebiT Q37–ze. Q50 xarji

daaxloebiT Seadgens 16 m3/wm-s da Q95 gaangariSebulia 7 m3/wm-is odenobiT. Tumca, aRniSnuli Q50 da Q95 sidideebi

mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba cxrilSi 24,6 da winaswar teqnikur

SefasebaSi4 da hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqtis

ganxorcielebis gegmis6 angariSebSi gamoTvlili sidideebisgan,



romelic Sesabamisad Seadgens 24.2 m3/wm da 15.9 m3/wm-s. me-4cxrilsi monacemebi gviCvenebs Tveebisa da sezonebsi mixedviTcvlilebebs xarjebSi da ufro meti interpretaciissaSualebas iZleva.

suraTi 36 xarjis gadametebis mrudi saangariSo kveTzexarjTan dakavSirebiT.

4.5 darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris eqspluatacia

darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris eqspluatacia mniSvnelovanzemoqmedebas moaxdens mdinare Tergis xarjze. magaliTad,saangariSo maqsimaluri xarji Semcirdeba daaxloebiT 51m3/wm da 95 m3/wm-dan Sesabamisad Q90 da Q10 xarjebisTvis, 21m3/wm da 65 m3/wm–mde. udidesi mniSvneloba eqneba zamTrisperiodSi xarjze zemoqmedebas, rodesac xarjisdaaxloebiT 70% abstragirebuli iqneba saSualo xarjispirobebSi. aRniSnuli zemoqmedebebi asaxulia me-4 suraTSi,me-5 suraTSi da me-6 suraTSi.



suraTi 4 sezonuri xarjis cvlileba saderivacio kveTSi Q10xarjisTvis 10 dRian periodebSi wlis ganmavlobaSi. nacrisferixazi miuTiTebs saSualo Q10 xarjs; Savi xazi miuTiTebs darialishidroeleqtrosadguris zemoqmedebas Q10 xarjze.





suraTi 7 asaxavs darialis hidroeleqtrosadguriseqspluataciis gavlena mdinare Tergis xarjze zemoqmedebulmonakveTSi. monacemebi gamoiTvala Tvis maCveneblebisgamoyenebiT saSualo Q50 xarjze, romelic mopovebulia

yazbegis HWP–dan. zamTris Tveebis ganmavlobaSiwarmodgenilia mdinare Tergis xarjis 70-75% kleba, xolomaqsimaluri xarji zafxulis TveebSi Semcirdeba daaxloebiT40%-iT.

xarjis reJimze maqsimaluri proporciuli zemoqmedebamoxdeba Tovlis dnobis sezonis adreul-Sua periodSi(aprili da maisi) da zafxulis bolos / SemodgomisdasawyisSi (seqtemberi da oqtomberi). analogiurad,zafxulis bolos da Semodgomis dasawyisSi Cveulebrivmdinare Tergis xarjis mzardi kleba aCqardeba. aRniSnulor periodSi mdinare Tergis xarji mcirdeba daaxloebiT90%-iT da aqedan gamomdinare umniSvnelovanesia TevzebismigraciisTvis, romelsac adgili aqvs drois am periodSi.



suraTi 7 darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris eqspluataciiszemoqmedeba xarjis reJimze mdinare Tergis saderivaciomonakveTze Cveulebriv wlis ganmavlobaSi (Tvis ganmavlobaSisaSualo Q50 xarji). wiTeli punqtiruli xazi miuTiTebs xarjissaangariSo Semcirebas darialis hidroeleqtrosadguriseqspluataciis Semdeg procentuli maCveneblebiThidroeleqtrosadguramde mdinare Tergis xarjidan.

4.6 maqsimaluri xarji

saSualo mudmivi maqsimaluri xarji eqstrapolirebuliasaproeqto kveTisTvis yazbegis HWP-dan, konversiis faqtorisgamoyenebiT saSualo wliur xarjebTan dakavSirebiT.saSualo mudmivi maqsimaluri xarji Sefasebulia

daaxloebiT 140 m3/wm-iT 6 (cxrili 54,6). maqsimaluri

danakviri xarji yazbegis HWP-Si registrirebulia 481 m3/wm-

iT 19673wels.

cxrili 54,6 gansxvavebuli xarjebi wyaldidobis ganmeorebis SemTxvevebSi

ganmeorebis periodSi P (miTiTebulia cxrilSi 64,6 ) mdinare Tergismaqsimaluri xarjebisTvis, m3/wm.



cxrili 64,6 miuTiTebs mdinare Tergis wylis maqsimalur dones.xarjis sidideebi Q10-Tvis miTiTebulia, romelTagan yvelaaRemateba napiris dones (Q10 = 1.75 m-s napiris donis zemoTsapreoqto kveTze).

cxrili 64,6 mdinare Tergis wylis gaangariSebuli donewyaldidobis SemTxvevebis cvlad doneebTan dakavSirebiT. ganivikveTi 2 mdebareobs darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris saTavenagebobebis lokaciaze.

4.7 minimaluri xarji

saSualo mudmivi minimaluri xarji eqstrapolirebuliasaTave nagebobis kveTisTvis yazbegis HWP-dan. saSualowliuri minimaluri xarji hidroeleqtrosadguris saTavenagebobis adgilze Seadgens 7.34 m3/wm-s6. udablesi aRricxulixarji yazbegis HWP-Si iyo 4.00 m3/wm 19383 wels.

dariali enerjis angariSebidan warmodgenili SemTxveviTiinformaciis mixedviT mdinare Tergi mTlianad ar iyineba daoTxmoci wlis ganmavlobaSi iyo mxolod zamTris gayinviserTi mniSvnelovani SemTxveva.

4.8 Senakadis Senatanebi

kaSxlis saTave nagebobebsa da wyalsarini gvirabisgadasaSvebs Soris aris 15 patara Senakadi, romlebicuerTdebian mdinare Tergis mTavar kalapots19.

aRniSnuli mcire Senakadebidan xarjis Senatani icvlebamTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi, da warmoadgens mdinare Tergismsgavsad xarjis analogiur wliur ganawilebas. qvemoT

warmodgenili cxrili 719 da suraTi 8 detalurad asaxavsaRniSnuli Senakadebis Senatanis moculobas.klasificirebuli Senakadebis umetesobas Seaqvs 0.3 m3/wmmdinare TergSi zafxulis TveebSi, mdinare amaliT, marcxena

Senakadi #4 (cxrili 719), romelic aRemateba Senakadis



saerTo kombinirebuli xarjis 50%-s saderivacio kveTSi.

rac Seexeba xarjs pikis TveebSi (ivlisi da agvisto), mdinareTergSi saSualo kombinirebuli Senatani daaxloebiT Seadgens8 m3/wm, xolo zamTris TveebSi, rodesac aRiniSneba minimalurixarji, saSualo xarji mcirdeba 1.14 m3/wm-mde. mdinare TergSiaRniSnuli 15 Senakadidan saSualo wliuri Senatani Seadgens3.27 m3/wm-s. aqedan gamomdinare aRniSnuli xarji daematebaSeTavazebul ekologiur xarjs, saTave nagebobebidan (amJamadSeadgens 2.54 m3/wm-s).

Tumca, savaldebuloa sifrTxilis gamoCena mdinare Tergisxarjis miTiTebisas saderivacio kveTSihidroeleqtrosadguris eqspluataciis Semdeg rogorcSenakadis da ekologiuri xarjis kombinacia, sxvadasxvafaqtorebis gamo. TiToeuli Senakadis SesarTavis adgili araris garkveuli, aseve ar aris gansazRvruli manZili mdinareTergTan maTi SesarTavidan hidroeleqtrosadguris saTavenagebobebamde an wyalsarini gvirabis wyalgadasaSvebamde.garda amisa, xelmisawvdomi ar aris monacemebi miwisqveSadinebis reJimis Sesaxeb saderivacio kveTSi, mdinare TergSi anmis gaswvriv. aqedan gamomdinare ar aris cnobili saderivaciokveTSi mdinare Tergis kalapotis romeli monakveTebi iRebenmaqsimalur sargebels aRniSnuli Senatanebidan. amitomaRniSnuli sidide gamoiyeneba mxolod wyalsarini gvirabiswyalgadasaSvebis uSualod zeda biefis kveTisTvis.

cxrili 719 xarjis Senatani mdinare TergSi Senakadebidan kaSxlissaTave nagebobas da wyalsarini gvirabis wyalgadasaSvebs Soris.

# of theriver orthe valley

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Ave.

Right tributaries (m3/s)#1. Riv.Kuro.

0.12 0.12 0.13 0.17 0.29 0.47 0.87 0.86 0.46 0.26 0.19 0.16 0.34

Valley #2 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.15 0.15 0.08 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.06Valley #3 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.13 0.13 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.05Valley #4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0..001 0.00 0.00 0.001Valley #5 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.23 0.23 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.09Valley #6 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.18 0.18 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.07

Valley #7 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.23 0.23 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.09

Valley #8 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.15 0.28 0.28 0.15 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.11

Valley #9 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.04Valley#10

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02

Valley#11

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02

Left tributaries (m3/s)Valley #1 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.14 0.22 0.41 0.40 0.22 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.16#2. Riv.Tibistsqali

0.16 0.16 0.18 0.24 0.40 0.65 1.20 1.19 0.64 0.36 0.26 0.22 0.47

Valley #3 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.20 0.20 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.08#4. Riv.Amali

0.58 0.58 0.63 0.82 1.41 2.28 4.22 4.17 2.23 1.26 0.92 0.78 1.65



suraTi 8 wliuri xarjis Senatani Senakadebidan mdinare TergSikaSxlis saTave nagebobas da wyalsarini gvirabis wyalgadasaSvebidan.

4.9 danaleqebis reJimi

yazbegis HWP-Si 1928-1940 wlebs Soris4,6 registrirebulia danakvirimonacemebi mdinare Tergis myari Camonadenis Sesaxeb. aRniSnulimonacemebi gansazRvravs myar xarjs aRniSnul periodSi, romelicSeadgens 24.1 kg/w-s4,6, rac 975g/m3 6-s eqvivalenturia, miuxedavad amisaarsebul informaciaSi ar aris gansazRvruli ukavSirdeba Tu arais Sewonil myar natans an msxvilmarcvlovan natanebs.

aRniSnuli monacemebis sandooba ar aris gansazRvruli da isaisaxeba cvlilebis maRal koeficientSi Sedegebis analizis

safuZvelze4. es gamowveulia uzustobiT da Sesaferisi mowyobilobisararsebobiT, romelic zustad gazomavs Sewonil myar tvirTs damsxvilmarcvlovani natanebis gadatanas.

Rvarcofebis Camonadeni, rogorc aRiniSna Senakadebis saerTo niSania

mdinare Tergis wyalsakreb auzSi3,4,6,19. vinaidan SeiZleba aRniSnulimovlenebis sixSire Seicvalos, angariSebSi warmodgenilia movlenebi,

romlebic xdeba daaxloebiT 2-3 wlian ciklSi19, gadatanamdesakmarisi raodenobis sedimentebis akumulirebiT Senakadis xeobebSi.aRniSnuli procesis Sedegad mdinare Tergis kalapotSi gadadisdidi raodenobis natanebi, romelic Semdeg gadadis qveda biefze.



4.10 miwisqveSa wylebi da miwisqveSa wylisdinebebi

miwisqveSa wylebi gansazRvrulia meoTxeul danaleqebSi, miuxedavad

amisa grZelvadiani monitoringi ar aris dasrulebuli4. darialienerjidan mopovebuli SemTxveviTi informacia gulisxmobs, romdarialis hidroeleqtrosadguri ar daefuZneba qvenafen ZiriTad qans,romelic iZleva miwisqveSa wylebis dinebebis gagrZelebissaSualebas WalaSi.



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5 sabazo geomorfologia

5.1 Sesavali

mdinaris geomorfologia aris mdinareebis mecnieruli kvlevada maTi formirebis procesebi. wyalsakrebi auzis resursebismarTvas, mdinaris xarjs, danaleqebis gadatanas, danaleqebisSenaxvas da kalapotis formirebas Soris kompleqsuriurTierTqmedebis Sesaxeb codnas fundamentaluri mniSvnelobaaqvs wylis habitatebis biomravalferovnebis SefasebisTvis.mdinare Tergis geomorfologiis Sesaxeb meti informaciismisaRebad kaSxlis SeTavazebul obieqts ewvia gamocdiligeomorfologi doq. devid heteringtoni. obieqtze vizitiaRwerilia qvemoT adgilobrivi mdinaris sistemisgeomorfologiis mokle mimoxilvis Semdeg.

5.2 obieqtze viziti

aRniSnul obieqtze viziti ganxorcielda 2013 wlis 11dekembers oTxSabaTs, naSuadRevs da 12 dekembers xuTSabaTsdiliT. orive dRes amindi iyo civi (daaxloebiT – 15C) damSrali, cvalebadi moRrublolobiT. obieqtze xarji

gamoiTvala 10 m3/wm da 14 m3/wm-s Soris (12m siganis, 1m siRrmis

dineba daaxloebiT 1ms-1-ze erTian kalapotSi darialishidroeleqtrosadguris saTave nagebobis SeTavazebuliadgilis zustad qveda biefze. Catarda kvlevebi daganxorcielda specifikuri lokaciebis ufro detaluridakvirveba (kerZod saTave nagebobis garSemo da mniSvnelovaniSenakadebis garSemo).

5.3 sistemis geomorfologia

5.3.1 mimoxilva

bunebrivi sistemis mdinareebi arseboben dinamiuriwonasworobis mdgomareobaSi, radgan maT gadaaqvT wyali dadanaleqebi wyalsakrebi auziT da morgebulia mudmivadcvalebad hidrologiur, sedimentologiur, ekologiur daqveda biefis pirobebs. aseTi mdgomareoba iwvevs gardamavalmravalferovnebas sivrciT masStabebSi, romelic gadadissxavdasxva droiT masStabebSi. dinamiuri kompleqsurobauzrunvelyofs unikalur da sensitiur habitatebs, romelicmoicavs mravalricxovan mniSvnelovan adgilobriv saxeobebsgeologiur periodSi. didi mniSvneloba aqvs geomorfologiisyovlismomcvel ganxilvas habitatis pirobebis dacvlilebebze maTi reagirebis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxebinformaciis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT.

mdinare Tergi miedineba kavkasiis mTebSi, yazbegis erovnuliparkis dasavleT sazRvarze. SeTavazebuli darialishidroeleqtrosadguris proeqtis axlos mdinares gars



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akravs mTis cicabo ferdobebi, romelic icvleba mcenareulisafaris doneebis mixedviT. zamTarSi (dekembridanTebervlamde) naleqi umeteswilad modis Tovlis saxiT, racuzrunvelyofs bevr wyals wyalsakreb auzSi. dinebebi piksaRwevs zafxulis cxel TveebSi, Tovlis da yinulisdnobisas, rac SeiZleba gaizardos naleqebis (wvimebi) da/anyinulqveSa dinebebis Sedegad. zafxulis TveebSi SesaZloaadgili hqondes dRiur cvlilebebs mdinare Tergis wylisxarjSi dRis periodSi mzis pikis saaTebSi Tovlis dayinulis dnobis da RamiT gayinvis gamo. es gamoiwvevs dRiurpikur Camonadens naSuadRevs da saRamos da dRiur mcirexarjs diliT, mzis amosvlisas.

mdinare TergSi Caedineba TxuTmeti mniSvnelovani Senakadidarialis (gvirabis Sesasvleli) saTave nagebobas dawyalsarins (gvirabis gamosasvleli) Soris. maTgan TerTmetiSenakadi moedineba aRmosavleTidan (marjvnidan) da oTxi –dasavleTidan (marcxnidan). aRniSnuli Senakadebidan yvelazemniSvnelovania mdinareebi yuro, Tibiswyali da amali.rogorc cnobilia Senakadebi gaSlilia farTod da zogjermdinare Tergis mimarTulebiT miedineba didi raodenobiTnatanebi adgilobrivi zRvrebis gavlis Semdeg. aRniSnulmanatanebma SesaZloa gamoiwvios mdinaris procesebis darRvevaSenakadebSi da mTavar kalapotSi da gamoiwvios dacoba dalokalizebuli cvlilebebi energo doneebSi.

yazbegis regionis geologia ZiriTadad warmodgeniliapaleozuri Tixiani fiqlebiT da iuruli kirqvebiT da Tixa-kirqvuli danaleqi qanebisgan vulkanur qanebTan erTad.cnobilia, rom gvirabis gayvanis samuSaoebis SedegadmiRebuli nivTierebebi Sedgeba Tixa-fiqlebisgan dagranitisgan. regionSi grunti ZiriTadad mTiani mdelobistipisaa (mura-yavisferi niadagi).

sistema danaleqebiT mdidaria, didi masala moewodebaadgilobrivi cicabo ferdobebidan mTeli rigi procesebisSedegad, maT Soris gayinva-gadnobis, mdinaris da wvimiswylis eroziuli procesebis, yinulis gadaadgilebis damcenareuli safaris ganviTarebis Sedegad. Tanamedroveprocesebis Sedegad, adgilobrivad aseve arsebobsfluvioglacialuri danaleqebi didi raodenobiTgadarecxili (gamofituli) terasebis saxiT, romelic darCayinulis narCenebis da wyaldidobebis Semdeg. aRniSnuliterasebi esazRvreba SeTavazebuli darialis saTavenagebobis zonas da maTi cicabo, maRali ferdobebiuzrunvelyofs wylis riyis qvebisa da kenWebis, aseveyinulis natexebis didi raodenobiT da mudmiv mowodebas.

danaleqebis mdidari maragi iwvevs sistemaSi gansxvavebebsmonakveTebs Soris energiis doneebis Sesabamisad dadanaleqebis gadaadgilebis potencialis cvlilebasnaklulobidan siWarbemde. amis Sedegad mdinaris sistemaSixdeba TandaTanobiTi cvla cicabo riyis qvebis daqanebebs,romelic naklebia erT mimarTulebian kalapots da mciregradiantis mqone mraval kalapotian formebs Soris. aseTi



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monakveTebis adgilmdebareoba aseve nawilobrivgakontroldeba zedapiris geologiisa da topografiulizemqomedebebis safuZvelze. farTo Walebis, mravalmimarTulebiani kalapotis formebis siWarbe darialismimyvan da sarin arxs Soris gulisxmobs, rom aRniSnulsistemaSi dominirebs danaleqebi (danaleqebis mowodebaaRemateba darialis reJimis sedimentebis gadatanis arsebulpotencials). am mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT,gansazRvrulia, rom did wyalmovardnebs ZiriTadimniSvneloba aqvs sistemaSi sedimentebis uwyvetigadaadgilebisaTvis da kalapotis formis dawvrilmarcvlovani danaleqebisgan Tavisufali mdinariskalapotis SenarCunebisTvis.

5.3.2 kalapotis forma da procesi

darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris SeTavazebuli adgiliszeda biefis 700 m-ze, mdinare miedineba uamrav gantotvilkalapotebSi, ganier brtyel, mcire gradiantian WalaSi.mdinare am adgilas misi hidravlikuri, sedimentologiuri damorfologiuri mravalferovnebis gamo uzrunvelyofsSesaniSnav bunebriv garemos TevzisTvis. am teritoriisnimuSi mocemulia me-9 suraTze. odnav ufro didi mTavarikalapoti gadisa Walis centralur nawilSi.



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suraTi 9. mdinare Tergi SemoTavazebuli zeda biefi darialis

hidroeleqtrosadguris obieqtidan daaxloebiT 700m-Si

me-9 suraTze naCvenebi teritoriis qveda biefSi mdinare TiTqmiserTian kalapotSia, roca is gadis qalaq stefanwmindaze.

darialis wyalsataris SemoTavazebuli mdebareoba naCvenebia me-10suraTze. am adgilas mdinaris kalapoti Semouvlis cicabo rRvevisprocesSi arsebul safexurs da aris daaxloebiT 10-14m siganis,daaxloebiT 1m siRmis, da gamoirCeva gegmazomieri da kalapotistipis nakadebiT. patara gverdiTi safexurebiani sabjeni da cicabokalTa gamokveTs adgils, sadac mdinaris kalapoti cicabo xdebada Sedis mdinaris ufro msxvil qviSian SedarebiT cicabomonakveTSi, sadac nakadi iyofa ufro did nawilebs Soris (rogorcnaCvenebia me-11 suraTze).



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suraTi 10. darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris wyalsatarisSemoTavazebuli adgili. wyalsatari ganTavsdeba gamosaxulebismarjvniv, xolo saleqarebi ganTavsdeba sabjenze gamosaxulebiscentrSi. mdinare aq aris erTkalapotiani radgan is gars uvlissabjens im adgilas, sadac is Sedis ufro cicabo, SedarebiT maRalaqtiur mdinaris riyis qviani kalapotian monakveTSi.



Page39

suraTi 11. SedarebiT cicabo mdinaris riyis qviani kalapotismonakveTis qveda biefis xedi, sadac moCans SedarebiT wyalmarCxi-qanobiani datotvili monakveTi.

SedarebiT cicabo riyis qviani monakveTi miedineba daaxloebiT 300m-iT qvemoT ufro Ria mdinaris Walisken, sadac mdinare Semdegiyofa sxvadasxva kalapotebad. es ganStoebuli monakveTivrceldeba daaxloebiT kidev 1 km-ze CrdiloeTisken sanam mdinaremkveTrad mouxvevs da daubrundeba isev erTian kalapots.

cicabo riyis qvian qanobebs, nakleb danawevrebul erTian kalapotsda dabal daqanebian mravalkalapotian formebs yvelas aqvsgansxvavebuli kalapotis zoma, daqaneba, danaleqis moculoba dasaerTo morfologia. cvalebad gantvirTvas eqneba gansxvavebuli dakompleqsuri hidravlikuri efeqti mocemul adgilas warmodgenilimorfologiis tipis Sesabamisad. amitom, gaTvaliswinebuli undaiyos TviToeuli tipis sistemaSi Semcirebuli nakadis gavlena.

5.3.3 morfologia da xarjis tipi

kalapotis morfologiis gansxvavebuli tipebi, romlebic

warmodgenilia zegavlenis farglebSi Sejamebulia me-8

cxrilSi, sqemebTan erTad, romlebic aCvenebs Tu rogor SeiZleba

gamoiyurebodes minimaluri ekologiuri xarji kalapotis

formaSi. miaxloebiTi mdebareobebi da am 3 zogadi kalapotis

tipebi warmodgenilia me-12 suraTze.



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cxili 8. kalapotis zogadi tipebi darialis wyalsataris qveda

biefis zemoqmedebis farglebSi.

.kalapotismaCvenebeli

erTiani riyis qviani zRurblebi mraval-kalapotiani(ganStoebuli )

SedarebiTidaqaneba

zomieri maRali dabali

napirissimaRle(kalapotinapiramdesavse))

daaxloebiT 1.5m daaxloebiT 1m daaxloebiT 0.5m

kalapotissigane

10-14m 8-16m 4-6m erT kalapotze.

forma

normalurixarji

min. ekol.xarji

Semcirebuliekologiurixarjispotenciurigavlena

dabali zomieri zomieri-maRali



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suraTi 12. daaxloebiTi mdebareobebi da 3 saerTo kalapotis

saerTi tipis gagrZeleba mdinare Tergze darialis wyalsataris

qveda biefis zegavlenis farglebSi.

5.3.4 erTiani kalapotis monakveTebi

kalapotis erTiani monakveTi siganeSi Cveulebriv meryeobs 8 da 12

metrebs Soris, da gamoirCeva kalapotis tipis nakadebiT.

Sefasebulia, rom Cveulebrivi `normaluri” zamTris nakadis

pirobebSi (magaliTad Semwomebis dRes) siCqareebi iyo daaxloebiT

1-2 mw-1. mTliani monakveTebis umetes nawilSi kalapotSi arsebuli

mTavari masala iyo msxvili xreSi, ufro didi moculobis riyis

qviT, romelic periodulad gavlens axdens wylis xarjze.

Cveulebriv napiris simaRle SedarebiT dabali da daqanebuli iyo

kalapotisken, rac imis maCvenebelia rom kalapotis sigane da siRme



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Semcirdeba klebad xarjTan erTad. es daexmareba gamavlobis

pirobebis SenarCunebas dabali nakadebis dros.

5.3.5 cicabo riyis qviani daqanebis monakveTebi

Cveulebriv, SedarebiT maRali gradientis mqone riyis qvian

monakveTebze SeiniSneba riyis qviT gamowveuli ganStoeba, Tumca

mTavar kalapotSi drois didi nawilis ganmavlobaSi, kalapotis

Rma nawilSi, grovdeba Semcirebuli nakadi da Semdeg daiwyebs

dinebas dabali xarjis dros. arsebobs adgilebi, sadac ar xdeba

nakadis ganStoeba dabali xarjis dros, magram es unda iyos

mxolod yvelaze didi siganis mqone riyis qvian kalapotSi

(romelTagan zogierTi iyo 4m3).

mezo-topografiuli mdinaris kalapoti (naCvenebia suraTze 13)

ufro didi riyis qvis (>4m3 zomis) formis gamo (zeda biefSi),

obieqtze arsebuli yvelaze didi nawilebis gamo obieqti SedarebiT

stabiluri iyo bolodroindeli wyaldidobis dros. mezo-

topografiuli mdinaris kalapotis forma gavlenas axdens nakadis

mimarTulebaze riyis qvis garSemo dabali xarjis periodSi.

nakadis tipi gamoirCeoda daqanebebiT da didi siCqariT, didi

riyis qviani qvedabiefis gverdiTi wyalsateviT.

cicabo riyis qvian monakveTebSi navaraudevia, rom Semcirebuli

xarji an nakadi gaivlis marSruts yvelaze dabali reliefis

wertilSi, riTac umetes SemTxvevaSi SenarCundeba gamavloba

dabali xarjebis dros. Tumca SesaZloa iyos kalapotis iseTi

monakveTebi, sadac siRme iklebs adgilze arsebuli gradientebis

simravlis an warmoqmnili Sverilebis gamo, sadac didi riyis qvebi

gavlenas axdens mTavari kalapotis dabal xarjze.



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suraTi 13. mezo-topografiuli kalapotis formis nimuSi

darialis saTao nagebobis qveda biefSi cicabo riyis qviani

kalapotis monakveTze. fotos SuagulSi yvelaze didi riyis qvis

zomaa daaxloebiT 2m3.

5.3.6 mcire gradientiani ganStoebuli monakveTebi

mdinaris kalapoti ganicdis ganStoebas geomorfologiuri

arastabilurobis mqone teritoriaze mcire grendientisa da Warbi

danaleqis gamo. am teritoriaze mdinaris cakeuli kalapotebi

moicavs nakadis nawils, romelic SeiZleba ukidures SemTxvevebSi

gavrceldes 500m-mde Walis TviToeul monakveTSi. calkeuli

kalapotebis nakadi SedarebiT Senebuli siCqarisaa mcire

gradientis gamo, da gamoirCeva RarebiT, mdore dinebiT

`Cveulebrivi” zamTris xarjis pirobebSi iseTiT, romelic SeimCneva

adgilze Seswavlis dros. kalapotis masala am monakveTebSi

gamoirCeva didi da wvrili mdinaris xreSiT, rac gamowveulia

mcire gradientiT da mdinaris Semcirebuli SesaZleblobiT

gadaitanos danaleqi SedarebiT farTo WalaSi. Cveulebriv, ufro

didi mTavari kalapoti SeimCneva mraval kalapotian monakveTebSi,

romelmac unda gadaitanos xarjis ufro didi nawili dabali

xarjis pirobebSi. Tumca SesaZloa iyos adgilebi sadac kalapots

aqvs igivi kalapotis done da ganzomilebebi, ramac SeiZleba

amowuros dabali xarjis ekologiuri Rirebuleba, Tu isini

nawildeba kalapotebs Soris.



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frendisa da sinhas 20 mixedviT ganStoebuli kalapotis sistemebze

Zlier gavlenas axdens arsebuli kalapotis fskeruli natani da

sigane-siRmis Sefardebebi da kalapotis masalis ZiriTadi

granulebis zoma SesabamisobaSia kalapotis formasTan.

riCardsi da sxvebi (1993) 21 ganixilavs calkeuli kalapotebis

individualur reJims ganStoebebis farglebSi da adasturebs, rom

maT aqvT iseTi maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic asaxavs mTliani

sistemis xarjis proporcias, kalapotis Sekavebuli natanis

masalas, romlebsac isini gadaitanen nebismier dros da rom unda

gakeTdes gansxvaveba mTavar da meorad kalapotebs Soris. am

mTavari kalapotis maxasiaTebelebi damokidebulia adgilobriv

danaleqsa da nakadis simZlavreze. kalapotis dominanturi

mdgomareoba droTa ganmavlobaSi Seicvleba. radgan dominant

kalapots gadaaqvs mTavari nakadi da natani, es iwvevs mdinaris

kalapotis xelovnurad awevas, ris Semdegac misi simZlavre

Semcirdeba da xarji gadaitaneba ufro dabal meorad kalaportSi.

gadatanisa da kalapotis gadarTva ganxilulia detalurad ledisada sxvebis mier (1993) 22 , romelic acxadebs, rom nakadis xarjis

droebiTi da sivrculi cvalebadoba (danaleqTan erTad) aris

ganStoebuli kalapotebis farglebSi nakadis gadarTvis saboloo

mizezi.

am obieqtis fizikuri konteqtis farglebSi xarjis Semcirebis

Sedegad ganStoebul kalapotebze gavlena savaraudod gamoiwvevs

mTliani kalapotis dominantobas da stabilurobas zamTris

TveebSi. nakadis simZlavris SezRudva (Semcirebuli xarjebis

formiT) amcirebs mdinaris danaleqis meorad kalapotebSi

miwodebuli moculobas ris gamoc, nakadi gadauxvevs dominanti

kalapotisken. SemoTavazebul ekologiur xarjs eqneba danaleqis

SezRuduli gadatanis SesaZlebloba; Tu dominanti (erTi zamTris

xarji) kalapoti daiwyebs xelovnurad awevas, maSin xarji

gadaitaneba meorad kalaportSi, romelic iqceva dominant zamTris

xarjis erTadeT kalapotad.

zafxulis TveebSi roca xarji maqsimaluria, arsebobs albaToba,rom sistemaSi danaleqis didi moculobis Sesvlisa da kalapotis

20 frend, p. f., da sinha, r (1993) ganStoebisa da meandirebis parametrebi,best, j. l. da bristou, C. s (gamoc.) ganStoebuli mdinareebi,geologiuri sazogadoebis specialuri publikacia #7521 riCardsi, k., Candra, s., da frend, p. (1993) evulsiuri kalapotissistemebi: maxasiaTeblebi da nimuSebi, best, j. l. da bristou, C. s (gamoc.)ganStoebuli mdinareebi, geologiuri sazogadoebis specialuripublikacia #7522 ledi, j. o. aSvorT, p. j., da best, j. l (1993) xreSiani kalapotis mqoneganStoebuli mdinareebis farglebSi Senakadis gadaadgilebis meqanizmi:masStabiani fizikuri modelis dakvirvebis Sedegi, best, j. l. dabristou, C. s (gamoc.) ganStoebuli mdinareebi, geologiuri sazogadoebisspecialuri publikacia #75



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Semcirebuli unaris gamo, moxdes am masalis gadatana ganStoebuliteritoriis qveda biefSi, moxdes kalapotebis ufro xSiriganStoeba, vidre es amJmadaa. es gamoiwvevs imasa rom ufro metidanaleqi dagrovdeba ganStoebul monakveTebSi, moxdeba xarjisdominantobis Sedegad kalapotebis dablokva da meoradikalapotebis raodenobis Semcireba. amis Sedegad SeizRudebadanaleqis raodenoba qveda biefSi, rac Seamcirebsnapiridan/daqenebidan Semomavali danaleqis miwodebas.

me-14 da me-15 naxatebze Sesabamisad naCvenebia daaxloebiT 300m didiganStoebuli monakveTi SemoTavazebuli wyalsataris qveda biefSizamTris `normaluri” xarjis pirobebSi, da gvian Semodgomaze,roca xarji SedarebiT maRalia. am gamosaxulebis dakvirvebidangamoavlinda, rom sistema savaraudod ubrundeba mTavar kalapotsxedvis areSi. es SeiZleba niSnavdes imas, rom ganStoebis areeebsar aqvT zogadad tendencia Seavson mTavari kalapotebi dabalixarjis dros, rac gazrdis dabali ekologiuri xarjebisbunebrivi garemos funqcias.

suraTi 14. gamosaxuleba gviCvenebs did ganStoebul monakveTsdarialis wyalsataris qveda biefSi (gadaRebuli 2013 wlisseqtemberSi).



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suraTi 14. suraTi gadaRebulia 2013 wlis dekemberSi imaveadgilidan, saidanac me-14 suraTia gadaRebuli.

5.3.7 mTis daqanebis procesebi da didi wyaluxvoba

mdinare Tergi arsebobs rogorc funqcionirebadi da dinamikurimdinaris sistema, mdinaris aqtivobebis gagrZelebuli periodebisSemdeg dinamikur –wonasworul mdgomareobaSi. Tumca did dakatastroful namsxvrevi masalis nakads SeuZlia daazianosmdinaris sistema, da xeli SeuSalos bunebrivad Seqmnili mdinariskalapotis SenarCunebas. aseTi didi moculobis danaleqisSemTxvevebi aris bunebrivi geomorfologiuri sistemis nawili, daam sistemaSi ekologiis arsebobam aCvena, rom es movlenebi araris ekologiurad katastrofuli.

didma wyaluxvobam aseve SeiZleba gamoiwvios mdinaris sistemisdroebiTi cvlileba. aseTi movlenebis moculobisa daxangrZlovobis gamo danaleqis gadatanam SeiZleba gadaaWarbosmolodins, rac gamoiwvevs garkveul adgilebSi danaleqisdanawevrebas, romlis drosac nakadi xdeba ufro Rma da neli. imSemTxvevaSi, Tu aseTi movlena gagrZeldeba mokle droiT, maSindanaleqis didi moculoba SeiZleba gadaeces dabali grandientisteritorias, rac xels SeuSlis sistemis funqcionirebas dagamoiwvevs demografiuli arastabilurobis zrdas. aseTSemTxvevebSi ganStoebul monakveTebs SeuZliaT gamoiwvion ufridagrexili kalapotebis warmoqmna, romelsac SeuZliT gazardonmcire nakadis ganStoebis potenciali, da gazardos iseTi garemospotenciali, romelic warmoSobs ekologiuri xarjis moculobisSemcireba



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ukiduresi SemTxvevebis araprognozireba da moculoba SeiZlebaniSnavdes imas, rom nebismierma minimalurma ekologiurma xarjmaSesaZloa ar uzrunvelyos xelsayreli pirobebi Tevzisgasatareblad mokle-saSualo vadaSi, radgan sistema cvlils daaRadgens mdinaris formas.

6. wylis biomravalferovneba.

obieqtiTan dakavSirebiT wylis ekologiis (Tevzi, uxerxemloebi damcenareebi) xasiaTis Sesaxeb informacia mwiria. garemoze dasocialur sferoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba (ESIA)Error! Bookmark notdefined. gansazRvravs mdinare TergSi Tevzis zonalur gavrcelebasda aseve komentarebs savaraudo migraciisa da qviriTis dayrisaqtivobebisa da gadaadgilebebis Sesaxeb. mdinare TergixasiaTdeba rogorc wvera Tevzebis zona (yavisferi kalmaxi, wverada TerTula). garemoze da socialur sferoze zemoqmedebisSefasebaSi3, mdinare Tergis saTaveSi Tevzi Cveulebrivreofiluria (isini upiratesobas aniWeben swraf wyals). Salmo trusttafario aris erTaderTi Tevzis saxeoba, romelic gvxvdebagansazRvrul samSeneblo monakveTebSi.3

arsebobs mosazreba rom Tevzi amjobinebs qviriTis dayras TergisSenakadebSi. 23 `mTis tipis” kalmaxs SeuZlia avides mdinarisyvelaze maRal weritlSi 2,000 – 2,500 metris simaRleze. isiniakeTeben borcvebs mdinaris xresSi, sadac malaven dayrilqviriTs (kvercxebs). klimaturi pirobebi ganskuTrebiT mkacriamdinaris zeda nawilSi; kvebis safuZveli cudia, ris gamocklebulobs maTi zrdis tempi da wonaSi mateba, rac iwvevssqesobrivi momwifebulobis gadavadebas.

msgavsi ekologiuri pirobebis mqone mdinareebTan SedarebagviCvenebs, rom Tevzs SeuZlia dayaros qviriTi oqtomberSi,zamTarSi qveda biefisken migraciamde. kvercxebi darCeba damalulizamTris ganmavlobaSi da gadarCeba, Tu mdinaris kalapoti argaiyineba. qviriTis ganayofiereba Cveulebriv SeiZleba moxdesivnisSi.24 aseve SesaZlebelia, rom Tevzma aseT garemoSi nawilobrivdayaros qviriTi, roca pirobebi xelsayrelia, da ara eTbaSad.amgvari qceva gamowveulia SedarebiT sakvebis naklebobiT, dawarmoadgens mkacri maRalmTiani pirobebis adaptacias.

garemoze da socialur sferoze zemoqmedebis SefasebisdokumentSi3 miTiTebulia, rom kalmaxi aRniSnul zonaSi ar gadisgrZel manZils migraciis mizniT, Tumca axorcieleben ufro moklemigracias qviriTis dayrisa da kvebis mizniT. obieqtze vizitisdros mogrovili informacia gviCvenebs, rom zamTavrSi Tevziaxorcielebs migracias qveda biefisken ezminskaias rezervuaramderuseTSi. 25 ezminskaiaSi kaSxals ar aqvs Tevzis gasatari, rac

23 buxnikaSvili, a., qoqosaZe, T., da gioSvili, m, 2013. darialis hes-isproeqtis teritoria da sakompensacio obieqtis SedarebiTi analizi:zoologiuri komponenti.24 piradi komunikacia., profesori i. kouqs, halis universiteti.25 piradi komunikacia EBRD-isa da dariali enejis warmomadgenlebTan.



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niSnavs imas, rom nebismieri Tevzi, romelic tovebs adgilobrivsistemas darialis axlos ver SeZlebs dabrundes ukan zedabiefSi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom nakleb saxifaToa gaeros saerToklasifikaciis mixedviT, Salmo trutta siaSi warmodgenilia rogorcmowyvladi (VU) saqarTvelos wiTel wignSi 26 da amitommniSvnelovania, rom Tevzis garemoze uaryofiTi gavlena armoaxdinos sqemam. sqefingtonisa da sxvebis (2010) 27 mixedviT, isSeiZleba iyos mtknari wylis Tevzis erTerTi saxeoba, romelzecyvelaze uaryofiT gavelnas axdens klimatis cvlileba.

bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) monacemebzedayrdnobiT Salmo Trutta (salmonidae)-s mTavari maxasiaTeblebia:

zoma: sigrZe daaxloebiT 500mm, wona daaxloebiT 2kg, magrammTis mdinareebSi isini amaze gacilebiT patarebia.

garemo: civi nakadulebi, mdinareebi da tbebi. jangbadiTkargad gajerebuli dinebebi. qviriTebi Zlier nakadianmdinareebsa da dinebebSi. qviriTis dayris adgilebiCveulbebriv xasiaTdeba wylis msxvil qviSaSi moZraobiT.

biologia: qviriTebi wyvildeba gvian oqtombersa da martsSoris periodSi. mdedrebi arCeven qviriTis dasayreladgilebs da inaxaven TavianT kvercxebs borcvSi. orive sqesiCveulebriv inarCunebs qviriTis dayris unars da anadromulikalmaxi brundeba ukan zRvraSi an tbaSi Semodgomaze anzamTarSi mdinareebSi da axorcileben migraciasgazafxulze. lifsitebi Cveulebriv amodian qviSidanmartsa (espaneTi) da ivliss (fineTi) Soris periodSi.axalgazrda kalmaxi iwyebs migracias qveda biefisken april-maisSi, roca temperatura izrdeba zamTris dabalitemperaturis Semdeg da aRwevs 5-11°C–s; migracia piks aRwevswylis donis awevisas roca wyali SemRvreulia.

Tevzsavalze winaaRmdegobebis daZlevis simZlavre :

o 2 –dan 3 metramde 2.5 m/w siCqaris dros

o 5-dan 6 metramde 1.8 m/w-dan 2 m/w-mde siCqareebis dros

o daaxloebiT 10m 1.2-dan 1.5 m/w-mde wylis siCaris dros.

minimaluri siRme: ar arsebobs salmo trutta fario–is Tvis saWirowylis minimaluri siRmis Sesaxeb bunebis dacvissaerTaSoriso kavSiris saxelmZRvanelo. gaerTianebulisamefos Tevzsavalis saxelmZRvanelos mixedviTrekomendebulia 115mm minimaluri siRme mimarTulebaSecvlilTevzsavalebze; 300-400mm qvis daqanebuli tipis TevzsavalSi.

26 kavkasiaSi biomravalferovnebis dacvis mdgomarebis ganxilva: arqivirebaC2010 miznebi (saqarTvelo) @ http://countdown2010.net/caucasus/27 sqefington. r.a., uaidi, a.j. uaiThed p.g., baterfild, d, kaste, o.anderseni. h. e. rankernan, m. batarbi 2010.klimatis cvlilebis zegavlenamtknari wylis ekosistemaze. gamos., kernan, m batarbi r. v. da mosi, b. jonuil da sonz elTidi, CiCesteri.



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kalmaxs savaraudod SeuZlia icuros Zalian wyalmarCxadgilasac, magram ganadgurebis riski Zalian izrdeba daTevzi Tavs afarebs mdinari dinebis gaswvriv ufro RmawyalsatevSi.

7. zegavlenis Sefaseba

7.1 hidrologia

saSualo wliuri xarji saproeqto monakveTze gaangariSebuliarogorc 25.4m3/w. es saSualo maCvenebeli niRbavs mniSvnelovansxvaobas maRal da dabal xarjs Soris zamTrisa da zafxulisTveebSi. zamTris TveebSi temperaturebi ecema (oqtomber-marti) daarsebobs albaToba, rom yinulis qveS wylebi SeiZleba gaiyonos.ianvarsa da marts Soris periodSi mdinareSi saSualo xarji 12m3/w-ze naklebia. gazafxulze yinulis dnoba iwvevs xarjis gazrdasramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi, maqsimaluri moxmareba ivlis-agvistoSi progresulad wydeba Semodgoma-zamTris mosvlasTanerTad.

amJamad wyalgadasaSvebi kaSxalis saTao nagebobebidan gamoSvebulinakadis minimaluri ekologiuri xarjia 2.54m3/w (saSualo xarjis10%). es mniSvnelovan gavlenas moaxdens zamTris TveebSi mdinareTergSi arsebul xarjze.

zafxulis TveebSi arsebuli ekologiuri xarji warmoadgensmTliani mdinaris xarjis gacilebiT ufro patara komponents.33m3/w-mde wylis aReba warmoSobs mdinareSi xarjis mniSvnelovankomponents.

wylis donis awevaze gavlena ufro mcire moculobis iqneba,magram mainc sagrZnobi - daaxloebiT 24%.

kaSxlis saTao nagebobebsa da CasaSvebi gvirabis gamosaSvebsSoris mdinare Tergis kalapots uerTdeba 15 Senakadi. Senakadebisxarjic aseve sezonuri iqneba. Senakadebis es xarji daematebamdinare Tergis ekologiur xarjs, amitom Senakadis amgvarixarjebis mimarT damokidebuleba unda iyos frTxili radgangakveuli Senakadebi SeiZleba Semcirdes nawilobriv, an ukiduresSemTxvevebSi, mTliani gayinvis gamo.

miuxedavad imisa, rom mdinare TergTan dakavSirebiT arsebobsSedarebiT mniSvnelovani hidrologiuri Canawerebi, daaxlobiT 51wliani, ar arsebobs monacemebi 1990 wlidan dRemde. am periodSiam regionze klimaturuli cvlilebis zegavlenebi ucnobia. xarjisSesaxeb monacmebis aReba amJamad xdeba mdinare Tergze da Cxereze,da rac mniSvnelovani iqneba mimdinaris gegmiuri da moqnilimarTvisTvis.



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7.2 geomorfologia

7.2.1 zogadi

darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris SemoTavazebul eqpluataciasSeuZlia ramdenime saxiT gavlena moaxdinos Tergis morfologiaze,romelic ukavSirdeba wvrilmarcvlovani da msxvilmarcvlovanidanaleqis gadatanasa da SenarCunebas, rac iwvevs morfologiiscvlilebas. am nawilSi ganmartebulia es potenciuri zegavlenebiim konteqtSi, Tu rogor funqcionirebs ekologiuri xarjiadgilobrivi morfologiis farglebSi da rogor SeiZleba amangavlena moaxdinos bunebrivi garemos mravalferovnebaze.

7.2.2 wvrilmarcvlovani danaleqi

darialis obieqtze da qvedabiefSi adgilobrivi sistema Zalianmdidaria wvrilmarcvlovani danaleqis arsebobis TvalsazrisiT.es danaleqi warmoqnilia ramdenime wyarodan, maT Sorisaa didiraodenobiT wyal-yinulovani warmoSobis narCenebi, mdinarisnapirebis eriozia da Rvarcofiseuli danaleqebi da ufro metsimaRleze aqtiuri yinulovani da yinulovani eroziis Sedegadwarmoqmnili danaleqebi.

obieqtTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli hidrologiuri monacemebigviCvenebs, rom hidroeleqtrosadguris eqpluataciis SedegadsaSualo zafxulis xarji Semcirdeba daaxloebiT 50%-iT. dabalixarjis pirobebSi (gansakuTrebiT zamTris TveebSi), nakadis didinawili aRebuli iqneba hidroeleqtrisadguris gvirabSi. saleqarauzebSi dagrovili danaleqi periodulad gairecxeba dadaubrundeba sistemas. navaraudevia, rom zafxulis nakads undaSeeZlos wvrilmarcvlovani danaleqebis qvedabiefSi gadatana. esar Secvlis mTlian biujets sistemaSi. Tumca, danaleqis auzebisgarecxva potenciur cvlilebas gamoiwvevs wvrilmarcvlovanidanaleqebis qvedabiefSi droulad gadacemasa da ganTavsebas.

rekomendebulia, rom wvrimarcvlovani saleqari auzebi argairecxos zamTris periodSi, roca mdinaris xarji SesaZloasakmarisi ar iyos danaleqis sistemaSi ganawilebisTvis.saleqarSi arsebuli danaleqebis moculoba nakleb savarudoa rommniSvnelovani iyo zafxulis maRali xarjis periodebSi sistemaSibunebrivad arsebul wvrilmarcvlovani danaleqebis moculobasTanSedarebiT. navaraudevia, rom wvrilarcvlovani danaleqi SeiZlebaganTavsdes WalaSi da ufro ganier kalapotSi, roca maRalixarjebi Semcirdeba, magram danaleqis umetesi nawili gairecxebamdinaris mTavari arxebiT da mniSvnelovan damatebiT safrTxes arSeuqmnis qviriTis substratebis xelmisawvdomobas.

Tumca, gavlena pirvel gaSvebamde da Semdeg, Tu saWiroa undaCaiTvalos nebismieri mimdinare moqnili marTvis nawilad(potenciurad pirveli geomorfologiuri monitoringis dros).kerZod, qviriTis substratebi (da potenciurad Tevzisxizilalis) daifareba ra wvrilarcvlovani danaleqiT, warmoSobsproblemas, konkretulad ganStoebul monakveTebSi.



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7.2.3 msxvilmarcvlovani danaleqi

darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris sqema daigegmeba ise, romSesaZlebeli iyos msxvilmarvclovani xreSis gadatana sistemisqvemoT maRali xarjis dros. amis miRweva xdeba sarqvelebisgaxsniT, romelic SeiZleba amoiwios mdinaris kalapotidan, racmsxvili nawilebis qveda biefSi gadaagilebis saSualeba iZleva. esSeiZleba moxdes sastarto impulsSi, Tu msxvilmarcvlovanidanaleqebi

darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris eqpluatacia Seamcirebs xarjszafxulis TveebSi daaxloebiT 33m3/w-iT. Semcirebuli xarjiniSnavs imas, rom arsebobs mzardi potenciali, rom esmsxvilmarcvlovani danaleqebi SeiZleba dagrovdes ufro swrafadhidroeleqtrosadguris qveda biefis SedarebiT mcire-gradientianmonakveTebSi. kerZod, aman SesaZloa gavlena moaxdinosganStoebul kalapotian monakveTebze mcire gradinetianmxedvelobis areSi.

unda aRiniSnos, rom wyalsakrebSi yvelaze maRali/ukiduresi wlisdonis aweva ar iqneba warmodgenili arsebul yovelTviur da 10dRian saSualo hidrologiur monacemebSi. donis yvelaze maRaliaweva CanawerebSi aris daaxloebiT 481m3/w-ia, rac mniSvnelovnadaRemateba wyalsaRebis xarjs darialis zeda biefSi (daaxloebiT33m3/w). wylis donis ukiduresad awevis Sedegad SesaZlebeli undaiyos arsebuli msxvilmarcvlovani danaleqis sistemaSi gadatana.

amis gamo, rTulia zustad ganisazRvros darialishidroeleqtrosadguris mTliani gavlena rejimis periodSimsxvilmarcvlovani danaleqis gadatanaze. es uzrunvelyofsmorfologiuri monitoringis Semdgom koreqtirebas eqpluataciisSemdeg male, da sqemis aqtivaciis Semdeg momdevno wlebSi.

7.2.4 morfologia

arsebobs ramdenime potenciuri morfologiuri zegavlena,romelic SeiZleba warmoiqmnas zegavlenis gavrcelebisteritoriaze darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris eqpluataciis dros.es zegavlenebi da maTi potenciuri Sedegebi unda CaiTvalosmoqnili marTvis gegmis nawilad.

mdinari morfologiaze mTavari zegavlena sagrZnobi iqnebaSedarebic mcire gradientSi, ganieri Walis monakveTebSi. arsebobspotenciali, rom ganStoebuli monakveTebi SeiZleba gaxdesSedarebiT nakleb danaleqiani Semcirebuli maRali xarjis gamoda aqedan gamomdinare danaleqis moculobi Semcirebis gamo.ganStoebul sistemebSi danaleqis naklebobam SeiZleba gamoiwviossistemis gamartiveba, radgan mTavari arxebi, rogorc Warbi energiagamoiyeneba danaleqis gadatanisTvis, da kalapotebis gasawmendadda formirebisTvis. aman SeiZleba droTa ganmavlobaSi gamoiwviosmeoradi kalapotebis danaleqiT gavseba da mcenareebiT dafarva.nawilebs, romlebsac aqvT mTliani kalapotis formebi, savaraudod



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nakleb uaryofiT zegavlenas ganicdian ekologiuri xarjis gamo.aseTma cvlilebebma SeiZleba Seamciros mdinaris arsebulibunebrivi garemos mTliani moculoba da mravalferovneba, magramSeiZleba sasargeblo iyos ekologiur funqciasTan da ganStoebulmonakveTebSi ekologiur xarjTan dakavSirebiT.

morfologiurma zegavlenam, romelic SeimCneva darialis qvedabiefis wyalsarin arxSi, unda Seamciros xarji da mniSvnelovnadSemacirebs aseve danaleqebs. aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios kalapotisgamartiveba da danaleqis gatana am teritoriidan.

7.3 zamTris xarjis dros kalapotishidravlika

ganxorcielda kalapotis sxvadasxva formebis Tavdapirvelihidravlikuri analizi maningis formulis gamoyenebiT (ixileTcxrili 9). analizSi gamoyenebuli monacemebi efuZneba 2013 wlis 22da 12 dekembers obieqtebze geomorfologiuri vizitis drosmiRebul monacemebs. n–s (miaxloebiToba) saTanado maCvenebeliSeirCa obieqtze arsebuli danaleqis zomebis safuZvelze. amitomes Sedegebi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos mxolod indikaturad.

cxrili 9. zegavlenis teritoriaze tipiurad gansxvavebulkalapotis formebSi 10% (2.5m3/w) ekologiuri xarjis hidravlikurianalizi. gaangariSebuli maCveneblebi warmodgenilia muq ferSi, dasavaraudo zeda da qveda zRvrebi, romlebic gulisxmobsuzustobebs siganesa da gaangariSebul xarjiSi, warmodgeniliafrCxilebSi..

kalapotis tipi

Sefasebuligradienti

navaraudevimaningis‘n’maCvenebli

sxva varaudebi wylisindikaturi siRme(m)(12m3/w)

wylisindikaturi siRme(m)(2.5m3/w)

mTliani 0.02 -dan0.004

0.04 –xreSi,riyis qvadaramdenimedidiriyis qva

sruli xarjimTlian arxSi –Seamcira ganivikveTis sigane 1/3-iT raTadafaruliyo didiriyis qva.

1 0.40m

(0.36-0.44m)

riyisqviani

0.19 –dan0.015

0.05 -riyis qvada didiriyisqvebi

Seamcira ganivikveTis sigane 1/2-iT raTadafaruliyo didiriyis qvebi.

0.75 0.29m

(0.27-0.33m)

ganStoebuli

0.09 -dan0.016

0.04 -xreSi,riyis qvadaramdenimedidiriyis qva

xarjis 1/2mTavariganStomebuliarxSi

0.5 0.20m

(0.18-0.22m)



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hidravlikuri analizi aCvenebs, rom wylis siRmeebi SeiZleba 200mm-mde Semcirdes ganStoebul monakveTebze 10%-iani ekologiurixarjis pirobebSi, im varaudiT, rom yvela xarji iqneba erTkalapotSi. mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom es gaTvlebi moicavs bevrvarauds da ar iTvaliswinebs raime lokalizebul morfologiurcvlilebas, romelmac SeiZleba realobaSi gamoiwvios wylissiRmis Semdgomi Semcirebebi.

7.4 wylis biomravalferovneba

SemoTavazebebSi aqvs ramdenime potenciuri piroba kalmaxispopulaciisTvis:

kaSxali aSkara winaaRmdegobas uqmnis Tevzis migracias.kargad daproeqtebuli Tevzsacali xels Seuwyobs amzegavlenis Semcirebas. es sakiTxi damatebiT ganxilulia me-9nawilSi.

mdinareSi fskeris dabali xarji gavlenas moaxdens siRmezeda arsebul wylis bunebriv garemoze. es konkretulad exebakaSxalis qveda biefSi ganStoebas (mravali kalapoti).Semcirebuli xarji savaraudod gamoiwvevs kalapotebisraodenobis Semcirebas, arsebul bunebriv garemoSiSemdgomi cvlilebas, da Tu xarjebi Zalian dabalia, isiniSeiZleba arasakmarisi iyos Tevzis Tavisufali migraciisTvissaWiro kalapotis siRmisTvis. ganadgurebis riski asevegaizrdeba. amitom mniSvnelovania imis gansazRvra aris Tuara Tevzi mdinaris farglebSi Tu moZraobs am monakveTisgaswvriv zamTris TveebSi.

zamTris TveebSi arsebuli xarjebSi Semcireba mniSvnelovnadSeamcirebs mdinareSi wylis siRmes, rogorc es miTiTebulia7.3 paragrafSi. mdinare Tergisa da misi Senakadebisgarkveuli teritoriebi SeiZleba nawilobriv gaiyinosperiferiaze da zedapirze zamTris pirobebSi. Tu TevziqviriTs yris am teritoriebze, aman SesaZloa nawilobrivdaazianos xizilala. Semcirebulma xarjma aseve SeiZlebagamoiwvios xizilalis dazianeba mdinaris kalapotSi. amitommniSvnelovania ganisazRvros gamoiyeneba Tu ara es adgiliqviriTis damyreli Tevzis mier.

8. ekologiuri xarjis Semowmeba

darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris eqspluataciaSi gadacemisSemdeg mdinare Tergis ekologiuri xarji gaangariSda Tenant (anmontanas) meTodis gamoyenebiT. wliuri saSualo xarjis 10%-ianimaCvenebeli gamoyenebuli iyo minimaluri gaSvebuli wylisgansazRvrisTvis, romlis minimaluri darCenili wylis moculobaunda aiRos hidroeleqtrosadgurma4,6. SemoTavazebuli ekologiurixarjis tempi gaangariSda rogorc 2.54m3/w4,6. mdinare Tergisgadaxveuli monakveTis gaswvriv 15 Senakadis xarji daemateba



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aRniSnul xarjs, Tumca es damatebiTi xarji damokidebulia qvedabiefis TviToeuli Serwymis mdebareobaze da wlis droze.

8.1 montana – Tenantis meTodi

montanas an Tenantis meTodi aris meTodi, romelic gamoaqveynaTenantma 1970-ian wlebSi (Tenanti 1976 28 ). is amyareba amerikisSeerTebul StatebSi montanaSi mopovebul monacemebs. is varaudobs,rom saSualo xarjis procentuli maCvenebeli saWiroa imisTvisrom SenarCundes janmrTeli garemo. es meTodi efuZneba mcnebas,rom dinebis sigane, wylis siCqare da siRme yvelaferi swrafadgaizrdeba nulovani xarjidan saSualo xarjis 10%-mde, da romzrdis tempi mcirdeba, roca xarji 10%-ze metia.9

10%-iani saSualo xarji iTvleba wylis florisa da faunis qvedazRvrad. 10%-ze naklebi saSualo xarjis dros wylis siCqare dasiRme uzrunvelyofs wylis florisa da faunis mxolod`moklevadian” sicocxlisunarianobas. 20-30%-iani saSualo xarjiiTvleba xarjad, romelic uzrunvelyofs nakadisdamakmayofilebel siganes, siRmes da siCqares `fskeris xarjisreJimisTvis”. xarjis sxvadasxva doneebis ekologiuri xarixisSefaseba efuZneba maT mier uzrunvelyofili fizikuri garemosxarisxs.9

darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris ekologiuri xarjisTavdapirveli gaTvlebi uSvebs 10%-ian maCvenebels. miuxedava amisaTviTon meTodSi aRniSnulia, rom 10%-iani saSualo xarjigaaumjobesebs bunebrivi garemos cud mdgomareobas, da 20-30%-ianian ufro maRali saSualo xarji saWiro iqneba wylis organiznebisoptimaluri diapazonis gasaZlireblad (ixileT cxrili 10).

es meTodi gakritikda misi daSvebebis gamo, umTavresad imis gamo,rom misi aSS-s teritoridan sxva teritoriebze/garemoSi gadatanisSesaZlebloba saeWvod CaiTvala, mag. kingi da sxvebi 2008 wels 29

da Tarmi, 2000 wels. 30 aseve Cans, rom am SemTxvevaSi es meTodigamoyenebuli iyo moklevadiani sicocxliunarianobiTvis saWirominimaluri xarjis da ara im xarjis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelicsaWiroa misaRebi an xelsayreli pirobebis SesanarCuneblad.

.

28Tenant, d. l. (1976), wyalqveSa xarjis reJimebi TevzisTvis, veluri buneba,rekreaciuli da dakavSirebuli ekologiuri wyaroebi, meTevzeoba, 1(4); 6-1029 kong., j. m. Tarm, r. e. da de viliers, m. s. (2008) mdinaris ekologiurixarjis Sefasebebi: blokuri awyobis meTodologiis saxelmZRvanelo(ganaxlebuli gamocema). wylis kvlevis angariSi #tt 35/0830 Tarm, r. e (2000) saerTaSoriso mimarTulebebi ekologiuri xarjismeTodologiebis ganviTarebasa da gamoyenebaSi: wylis kvlevisteqnologiuri transformaciis angariSi.



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cxrili 10. Tenanti (montanas) meTodi (1976) iZleva xarjebsrogorc saSualo wliuri xarjis procentuli maCvenebeli(MAF).

xarjis saerTomdgomareobisaRwera

rekomendebulixarjis reJimebi (% of

MAF), oqtomberi-marti.

rekomendebulixarjis reJimebi (% of

MAF), aprili-seqtemberi

gavsebuli an maqsimumi 200 200

optimaluri diapazoni 60-100 60-100

gansakuTrebuli 40 60

brwyinvale 30 50

kargi 20 40

samarTliani an

gauaresebuli

10 30

cudi 10 10

Zalian gauaresebuli <10 <10



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8.2 evropuli praqtika

evropis ramdenime qveyanam gansazRvra minimaluri SesanarCunebelixarji mdinareebSi, romelzec gavlenas axdens rezervuarebSiwylis Senaxva.31 isini Sejamebulia cxrilSi 1112 da gamosaxuliarogorc saSualo wliuri xarjis procentuli maCvenebeli. esmaCveneblebi Sejamebulia cxrilSi 12.

cxrili 1112 evropuli SesanarCunebeli xarjis maCvenebeli

qveyana SesanarCunebeli xarjismaCvenebeli

SesanarCunebelixarjis

maCvenebelirogorc saSualowliuri xarjis

procentiavstria unda iyos: sul mcire bunebrivi dRiuri

xarjis 20%, da roca xarjebi naklebia,aranakleb: yvelaze dabali dRiuriminimaluri xarji sul mcire wliuriminimaluri saSualo xarjis sul mcireerT mesamedi iseT wylisobieqtebisTvis, sadac yvelaze dabalidRiuri xarjis saSualo wliuriminimumi mesamedze naklebia iseTiwylis ibieqtebis bunebrivi saSualowliuri minimaluri xarjis pirobebSi,romelTa saSualo xarji 1m3/w-zenaklebia.

20%

safrangeTi saSualo wliuri xarjis 5 % -dan 10% -mde.

5 –dan 10%-mde

norvegia Q95. 6 -dan 12%-mderumineTi zogadad, Q95 (wliuri minimaluri

Tviuri saSualo xarji warmoqmnis 95%-iani albaTobiT) rekomendebuliarogorc `garantirebuli” xarji. pirvelRBMP –Si (mdinaris auzis martvisgegmebi) kvleviTi institutis mierCatarebuli arsebuli SeswavlissafuZvelze. EF gaTvaliswinebuli iqnarogorc Q95 (wliuri minimaluri TviurisaSualo xarji warmomnis 95%-ianialbaTobiT) da mravali wlidangamoyvanili saSualo xarjis 10%-sSoris minimumi. minimaluri xarjiaris daaxloebiT saSualo wliurixarjis 10% an Q95

10%

slovenia minimaluri xarji meryeobs saSualowliuri xarjis 8%-dan 22%-mde. 8 -dan 22%-mde

gaerTianebulisamefo

Q95. –is 75 - 85%6 -dan 19%-mde



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cxrili 12. evropaSi ekologiuri xarjebis statistikurimaCveneblebi

statistika ekologiuri xarji rogorcsaSualo wliuri nakadisprocentuli maCvenebeli.

maqsimumi 22% (slovenia)minimumi 5% (safrangeTi)zeda zRvaris saSualo 13.3%qveda zRvaris saSualo 7.9%zeda da qvesa zRvaris saSualo 10.6%

bevri zemoT warmodgenili monacemi win uswrebs wylis garemosTan

dakavSirebul CarCo direqtivis (WFD) SemoRebas, romelicganixilavs rogor xdeba maregulireblebis mier ekologiurixarjebis gansazRvra.



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8.3 ekologiuri xarjebis gaangariSeba WFD -is Sesabamisad

gaerTianebuli samefis teqnikuri sakonsultacio jgufi (UKTAG)aris wamyvani wylis garemosTan dakavSirebul CarCo direqtivismoTxovnebis ganxorcielebis sakiTxSi. UKTAG aZlevs teqnikurisaxis rekomendaciebs gaerTianebuli samefos mTavrobisadministracias wylis garemosTan dakavSirebul CarCo direqtivis(`direqtiva”) ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb. es aris eqspertTa samuSaojgufi, romelic Sedgeba gaerTianebuli samefis ekologiuriorganizaciebidan da garemos dacvis saagentoebidan mowveulieqspertebisgan. masSi aseve Sedian irlandiis respublikiswarmomadgenlebi. UKTAG –m bolo dros gamoaqveyna saxelmZRvanelo`kargi ekologiuri potenciasTvis saWiro mdinaris xarji” –isSesaxeb,12 wyalsacavebis konteqtSi, romlebic xelovnurad cvlianmdinareebis xarjis reJims.

8.3.1 blokuri awyobis meTodi

blokuri awyobis meTodi (BBM), romelic gaanaxla UKTAG(2013)12-m gaerTianebuli samefosTvis wylis garemosTandakavSirebul CarCo direqtivis moTxovnebis Sesasrulebladwyalsacavebis wylis obieqtebSi, Sesaferisi iqneba imisSesafaseblad arsebuli mdgomareoba rogor unda iqnasgamoyenebuli darialis hes-Tan mdinare Tergis ekologiurixarjis moTxovnebis gansazRvrisTvis. es meTodi efuZneba bunebrivixarjis models, romelic uSvebs, rom bunebrivi xarjis reJimiuzrunvelyofs saukeTeso SesaZlo pirobebs ekosistemisfunqcionirebisTvis, da gansazRvravs blokuri awyobas, romelicsaWiroa aRniSnuli funqcionirebis mxardaWeris gasagrZeleblad

(suraTi 16) .

suraTi 2 Semamsubuqebei xarjis reJimis sqematuri gamosaxulebarekomendebuli xarjis blokuri awyobis metodze dayrdnobiT (UKTAG(2013)12 -gan).



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Tevzis populaciis xelSemwyobi xarjis reJims aqvs xuTimniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli:

suncionirebadi ekosistemis xelSewyoba;

gazafxulze Tevzis migraciis xelSewyoba;

florisa da faunis da kalapotiSi arsebuli narCenebisdanawevreba gvian zafxulsa/adre Semodgomaze;

kalapotis bunebrivi garemos regeneracia;

akremani da sxvebi (2009)13 warmoadgines aT safexuriani midgoma,romelic gansazRvrulia wylis obieqtebisTvis saWiroekologiuri xarjebi (cxrili 13). miuxedavad imisa, rom essafexurebi ganisazRvra gaerTianebuli samefosTvis, msgavsimeTodi SeiZleba sxvaganac iyos gamoyenebuli.

cxrili 13. ekologiuri xarjis rejimis gansazRvrisTvis saWiroaTi safexuri blokuri awyobis meTodis gamoyenebiT (akremani dasxvebi (2009)13 )safexuri aqtivoba1 ganisazRvros bunebrivi xarjis reJimi wylis obieqtisTvis

warmodgenili 10-wliani periodisTvis dRiuri xarjis droiTikoefiecientis TvalsazrisiT

2 gaanalizdes xarjis reJimi moculobis, sixSiris da maRali,saSualo da mcire xarjebis xangrZlivobis TvalsazrisiT.

3 biologiuri kvlevis monacemebis an wylis obieqtisTvisgamoyenebuli modelebis Tavmoyra konkretul pirobebSimosalodneli biologiuri da sasicocxlo etapebisgansazRvrisTvis

4 xarjis reJimis moTxovnebis gansazRvra TviToeulinimuSisTvis/saxeobisTvis da sasicocxlo etapisTvisgamoqveynebis literaturis gamoyenebiT.

5 istoriul CanawerebSi xarjis reJimis elementebis gansazRvrissaSualebiT moTxovnebis Semowmeba.

6 Semowmdes, rom xarjis elementebi uzrunvelyofen sxvamniSvnelovan cvladebs rogoricaa wylis xarisxi, maT Soristemperatura da natani

7 blokuri wylobis gansazRvra8 ekologiuri xarjis reJimis cxrilSi monacemebis Setana9 individualuri xarjis damateba, romelic saWiroa wylis

resursebTan dakavSirebuli Sedgebis Sesafaseblad10 TviToeuli wylis obieqtis analizis gameoreba imis

sagarantiod rom zeda biefis ekologiuri xarji sakmarisiaqveda biefis moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad.



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8.4 darialTan mdinare Tergis Sefaseba

imisTvis, riom momzaddes rekomendaciebi ekologiuri xarjisTvis,romelic Tavidan aicilebs mdinare TergSi adgilobrivi kalmaxispopulaciaze uaryofiT zegavlenas, moiTxovs me-13 cxrilSiwarmodgenili msgavsi procesebis Sesrulebas. es procesi undamoergos adgilobriv pirobebs. napiri unda gakeTdes 2014 wels (dadaiwyos eqspluatacia 2015 wlis ivliss), da proeqti, romelicxels Seuwyobs adaptaciebs misi eqspluataciis dros, ZalianmniSvnelovania.

dRiuri xarjis droiTi koeficientebi ar iyo xelmisawvdomi Arup–sTvis, monacemebi, romlebic xelmiswavdomia Zvelia, radganxarjebis Semowmeba Sewyda 1990 wlidan. arsebul monacemebSiwarmodgenilia Tviuri saSualo hidrologiuri pirobebi (da 10-dRiani saSualo xarji), romelSic Tevzis populacia arsebobs. Tukalmaxis populaciis arseboba Semowmdeba, gamovlindeba, rom esxarjebi amJamad sakmarisia imisTvis rom:

1. daexmaros sagazafxulo migracias sistemaSi (imis daSvebiT,rom aseTi migracia moxdeba periodulad, da ara etapobrivadsakvebis xelmisawvdomibisa da sistemis sxva pirobebisSesabamisad);

2. daexmaros saSemodgomo migracias da qviriTis dayras (imisdaSvebiT, rom aseTi migracia moxdeba periodulad, da araetapobrivad sakvebis xelmisawvdomibisa da sistemis sxvapirobebis Sesabamisad);

3. SeinarCunos bentinuri florisa da faunis populaciebiekosistemis fskerze, maT Soris zamTris TveebSi;

4. ganaxlos kalapotis bunebrivi garemo da moaxdinos florisada faunis da narCenebis dispersia.

arsebuli monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom erTaderTi saxeoba mdinareTergSi aris Salmo trutta fario. es amartivebs me-4 safexurSiwarmodgenil process, Tumca mainc SedarebiT cota ramea cnobiliimis Sesaxeb Tu rogorc moaxdines am saxeobebma TavinTi adaptaciasaimisod, rom morgebodnen adgilobriv garemos. aqedan raccnobilia am saxeobis Sesaxeb naCvenebia me-14 cxrilSiSemoTavazebul ekologiur xarjTan dakavSirebi sakiTxebi daproblemebi.



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cxrili 14. blokuri wyobis meTodis mixedviT xarjebi dariskebi

`blokuri wyobis”

xarjebi saWiroa.....

sakiTxebi

daexmarossagazafxulomigracias (aprili-ivnisi) sistemaSi.

migraciis dasawyisze gavlenas axdens ramdenime

faqtori, magram gazrdili temperatura da mdinaris

xarji yvelaze mniSvnelovania. qsemis ganxorcieleba

gafxulze isev swrafad gazrdis xarjebs

gazafxulze. Tavdapirveli zrdis garkveuli nawili

amoRebuli iqneba da qveda biefis maqsimaluri

xarji aseve Semcirdeba. es zegavlena Sefasdeba

monitoringis saSualebiT. (imis daSvebiT, rom

aseTi migracia moxdeba periodulad, da ara

etapobrivad sakvebis xelmisawvdomibisa da

sistemis sxva pirobebis Sesabamisad);

daexmarossaSemodgomomigracias daqviriTis dayras.

xarjebze gavlena ar moxdeba SemoTavazebuli

kaSxlis zeda biefis qviriTis dayris nebismier

adgilas. kaSxlis qveda biefis xarjebi naklebi

iqneba Semodgomis TveebSi. xarjebi unda iyos

sakmarisi saimisod rom daxmareba gauwios am

saSemodgomo migracias, da SemoTavazebuli

ekologiuri xarjiis adekvaturoba unda Sefasdes

monitoringis saSualebiT. (imis daSvebiT, rom aseTi

migracia moxdeba periodulad, da ara etapobrivad

sakvebis xelmisawvdomibisa da sistemis sxva

pirobebis Sesabamisad);

SeinarCunosbentinuriflorisa dafaunispopulaciebiekosistemisfskerze,

SemoTavazebuli xarjis Semcireba gavlenas

moaxdens arsebuli wylis bunebriv garomoze,

kerZod ganStoebul nawilebsi kaSxalsa da sarin

arxs Soris. nakleb savaraudoa rom Tevzma

gamoiyenos es teritoriebi qviriTis dayris

adgilad, an Tevzebis sakvebad an am adgilebis

gavliT migraciisTvis zamTris TveebSi. Tumca es

unda dadasturdes monitoringis saSualebiT da

sadac saWiroa, ganxorcieldes Semarbilebeli

RonisZiebebi.

ganaaxloskalapotisbunebrivi garemoda moaxdinosflorisa dafaunis danarCenebisdispersia

SemoTavazeba mcire gavlenas moaxdens periodul

wylis donis amaRlebis xarjebze, romelic iwvevs am

procesebs..



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9. garemoze zemoqmedebis SedegebisSemcireba

9.1 ekologiuri xarji

rogorc 8.4 nawilSia aRwerili arsebobs mniSvnelovani riski,rom 2.54m3/w ekologiuri xarji SemoTavazebul abstraqciisreJimTan erTad, romelic gulisxmobs am doneebis zemoTxarjis abtraqcia sanam mdinaris xarji ar gadaaWarbebs 33m3/w-s, uaryofiT gavlenas moaxdens mdinaris ekosistemaze. amitomrekomedebulia, rom kaSxali aSendes imgvarad, romSesalebeli iyos misi adaptirebuli marTva mas Semdeg, racgairkveva am zegavlenis xasiaTi, da rom eqplutaciis drosganxorcieldes aqtiuri da saTanado adaptirebuli marTvisRonisZiebebi. amis miRweva Seileba fskeris CamketisganTavsebiT uSualod Tevzsavalis axlos, raTa misigamoyeneba SesaZlebeli iyos konkretulad ekologiurixarjebis mimarTulebiT. gasasvlelis regulirebisTvis. amsaketis eqpluataciisTvis saWiro SemoTavazebulimonitoringisa da marTvis Sesaxeb informaciis detalebiwarmodgenilia me-10 nawilSi.

9.2 kalapotis modifikaciebi

SesaZlebelia zog garemoebaSi Serbildes xarjis SemcirebiTgamowveuli zegavlenebi mimRebi wyalsadenis fizikurimodifikaciebis ganxorcilebiT. magaliTad, kalapotis zomada forma SeiZleba Seicvalos saimisod, rom uzrunvelyoskargi pirobebi TevzisTvis im SemTxvevaSi, Tu xarjiSeicvleba.

geomorfologiuri sistema mdinare Tergze da mis garSemoZalian dinamikuria, da arsebobs safrxe, rom warmoiSvaskatastrofulad didi raodnobis natani da wylis donisamaRleba, ris Sedegadac daiZvreba Zalian didi riyis qvebi dadadi moculobis danaleqi. amis gamo, ar aris rekomendebulidid masStabiani fizikuri cvlilebebi kalapotismodifikaciebis formaSi, romelic Seqmnilia saimidod romkalapoti ufro moxerxebuli iyos Semcirebuli xarjisTvis,radgan is SeiZleba ar gamodges grZelvadiani periodisTvis.

mniSvnelovania, rom SemoTavazebuli ekologiuri xarjiSemodgomis dasrulebisas misi warmoqmnisTanave Semowmdeskalapotebis gamtarianoba ganStoebul da cicabo riyis qviankalapotis monakveTebze. Tu kalapotebi gaxdeba gaumtari,maSin danaleqi unda mocildes da kalapoti gaxdes gamtarisanam ar miiRweva mdgradi ekologiuri nakadi adaptirebulimarTvis ganxorcilebis saSualebiT.



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9.2.1 Tevzsavali

darialis hes-is obieqtze kaSxalze Tevzis gasatarebelimowyobiloba urunvelyofili unda iyos sacaviT da zedapiruliRiobebiT kibisebri TevzsavaliT daaxloebiT 12.5% mTlianidaxrilobiT. wylis Wavlis vardna sacavebs Soris aris 0.2m,romelic uzrunvelyofs 2m/w maqsimalur siCqares, romelicSeesabameba warmodgenili saxeobebis curvis siCqares.32

Tavzsavalis proeqtis konceptualuri tipi gamoiyeneba mdinareSiarsebuli oragulisebrTa saxeobebisTvis, im pirobiT Tuuzrunvelyofili iqneba mimzdvel xarjTan, kalapotis siCqaresada wylis siRmesTan dakavSirebuli mTavari kriteriumi. am tipisTevzsavali ar gamodgeba bentonuri (fskerze mcxovrebi)saxeobebisTvis, rogoricaa ulvaSa, magram garemoze dasocialur sferoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis mixedviT3 aqwarmodgenilia mxolod kalmaxi. ulvaSasa da sxva saxeobebisarseboba unda dadasturdes proeqtis dasrulebamde, raTaTevzsavali, Tu saTiroa, adaptirebuli iyos. aseTi adaptaciaSeiZleba miiRwes SedarebiT martivad.

imisTvis, rom rac SeiZleba meti efeqturoba iqnas miRweuli,Tevzsavalis Sesasvleli unda ganTavsdes kaSxlis qvda biefisgverdze rac SeiZleba axlos da uzrunvelyos ufro Zlierimizidvis xarji konkurentul wyaroebTan SedarebiT (rogoricaawyalsataris Rarebidan warmoqmnili xarji), migraciuli xarjissavaraudo diapazonis farglebSi.

am tipis TevzsavalisTvis aucilebelia TevzsavalisrezervuarebSi sakmarisi moculobis uzrunveluofa saimisodrom efeqturad ganawildes energia. xarjis reJimi undadadasturdes imis sagarantiod, rom energia Tevzisamosasvlelad sakmaod dabalia. wylis doneebSi cvlilebebisSemTxvevaSi savalis Tavidan Tevzis gamosvla uzrunvelyofiliunda iyos xarjis kontrolis gazomvebis saSualebiT, romelicdagegmilia im maRal siCqariani teritoriis gverdis asaqcevad,romelsac Tevzi ver daZlevs. principSi es unda miiRwes 2.54m3/wxarjiT. Tumca arasakmarisi informacia arsebobs saimisod romgakeTdes dadasturebuli Sefaseba amJamad warmodgeniliproeqtis hidravlikur efeqturobasTan dakavSirebiT.rekomendebulia, rom Tevzsavalis saboloo proeqti Semowmdesrac SeiZleba droulad saimisod rom uzrunvelyofili iyossaukeTeso praqtikis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebTan Sesabamisoba.aseve mniSvnelovania yuradReba mieqces Tevzsaval arxSiarsebul maxasiaTeblebs da struqturis proeqtTanSeesabamisobas.

32 sakiTxi: Tevzsavalis daproeqtebis saxelmZRvanelo cxrili 4 (gv.72) daDVWK Tevzsavali par.3.4.



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10. monitoringi da adaptirebulimarTvis reJimi

sqemebis ekologiuri maCveneblebis monitoringismniSvnelobaze gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gaamaxvila EBRD –ma, gansazRvra ra `saeqpluatacio maCveneblebis gamosworebisada gaumjobesebisTvis“ gamoyenebuli saTanado procedurebida Sedegebi. idealur SemTxvevaSi, aucilebelia sistemissabaziso pirobebis kargi codna saimisoda, rom Sefasdes rasaxis cvlilebebi xdeba sakvlev sistemaSi. monitoringisstrategiis mTavari miznebi unda iyos Semdegi:

gansazRvros sabaziso fizikuri garemo da nakadispirobebi;

gansazRvros adgilobrivi Tevzis populaciis arseboba,migracia, kveba da qviriToba;

gansazRvros Sesabamisi blokuri awyobis xarjebi, romelicsaWiroia zemoT miTiTebulis SesanarCuneblad;

SeimuSaos marTuli adaptirebis strategia aseTi blokuriawyobis xarjebis misaRwevad;

Seafasos sqemis zegavlena da SemoTavazebuli migraciuliRonisZiebebis efeqturoba.

dariali hes-is proeqtis SemTxvevaSi, arsebobs garkveulisabaziso monacemi. es monacemebi ar yofila Tavmoyrilisistematuri wesiT specialurad adgilobrivi Tevzispopulaciis Sesaxeb kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad. florisa dafaunis TvalsazrisiT, magaliTad, gamokiTxvebis mizani iyosaproeqto obieqtis potenciur sakompenscio obieqtebTanSedareba. amitom kvlevebi iZleva garkveul Rirebulinformacias, magram ar gamoiyeneba grZelvadiani monitoringisprocesebisTvis. ufro metic, zogierTi nimuSis aRebismeTodi arastandartulia da ar meordeba, rac warmatebulimonitoringis strategiis mniSvnelovani aspeqtia. TevzTandakavSirebiT warmodgenili informacia saeWvoa. sabazisobunebrivi garemos pirobebTan dakavSirebuli damatebiTiinformacia aseve saWiroa darialis hes-is proeqtis miersavaraudod gamowveuli nebismier cvlilebaSi gasarkvevad.

darialis obieqtis sabaziso pirobebSi kargad gasarkvevadsaWiroa kargad gansazRvruli da fokusirebuli monitoringisstrategia. aseTi sabaziso informacia SemdegSiuzrunvelyofs proeqtis ekologiuri da geomorfologiuri



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Sedegebis Sefasebas. aseve uzrunvelyofs ufro myarsafuZvels darialis hes-is proeqtisTvis rekomendaciebisSesafaseblad (nawili 5) da iZleva informacias saWiroadaptirebuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb.

mravamxrivi monitoringis strategia saWiroa saimisod, romgarantirebuli iyos miznebis miRweva. gamoyenebuli unda iyosstandartuli meTodologiebi, romlebic SeiZleba ganmeordes,ris Sedegadac SesaZlebeli iqneba sabaziso da mSeneblobisSemdgomi pirobebis Sedareba. miuxedavad imisa, rom zogkonkretul meTods dasWirdeba Semdgomi ganmarteba da/angansazRvra, saWiroa Catardes axali SemoTavazebiTdazianebuli teritoriebis bunebrivi garemos monitoringi,ekologiuri monitoringi da Tevzsavalis monitoringi.darialTan sabaziso da mSeneblobis Semdgomi pirobebismonitoringisTvis saWiroa sul mcire Semdegi:

kaSxlis zeda da qveda biefSi xarjis, Tevzisa dabunebrivi garemo pirobebis eqspluataciaSi gadacemamdemonitoringi, Tavdapirveli saimigracio strategiisSesaxeb informaciis misaRebad;

zemoT aRniSnulis monitoringis ganmeoreba hes-iseqspluataciaSi gadacemis Semdeg sul mcire 5 wlisganmavlobaSi. 5 wliani periodis monitoringisSemowmebam SesaZloa gamoavlinos, rom saWiroadamatebiTi monitoringi;

Tevzsavalis efeqturobis monitoringi;

monitoringis Sedegebisa da nebismieri narCeniadabtirebuli marTvis moTxovnebis Sefaseba. .

10.1 xarji da fizikuri garemos monitoringi

monitoringi unda ganisazRvros bunebruivi garemo pirobismTavari parametrebiT, romelic akontrolebs Tevzisa damasTan dakavSirebuli kvebis qselis arsebobas. monitoringSiSedis:

xarjis, temperaturis da siCqaris mudmivi gazomva;

geomorfologiuri rukis Sedgena (mag.bunebrivigaremos/xarjis tipebi) gverdiTi wyali da danaleqi,Sesabamisi Tvisebebi, sxva (maT Soris darialis sariniarxis qveda biefis mimdebare teritoriaze);

Sualeduri kalapotis ganivi kveTis monacmebi, maTSoris ganzomilebebi, kedlebis hidravlikurixorklianoba, siRme da siCqare;



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mdinaris kalapotis (da Senakadebis) moculoba damdebareoba, romelic eqvemdebareba gayinvas.

10.2 ekologiuri monitoringi

ekologiuri monitoringisTvis saWiroa zusti midgoma imissagarantiod, rom meTodebi standartizebuli da ganmeorebadiiyos. unda SeirCes saTanado mdebareobebi da Sedges ruka,mas Semdeg rac bunebrivi garemos rukaze dataneba gamoavlenssistemaSi hes-is proeqtis wyalsatarsa da sarin arxs Sorisamomwuravi maragebis farglebs gareT Sesabamis TevziserTeulebs. monitoringis Sedegebma xeli unda Seuwyosarsebuli mdgomareobis aRweras, gamoavlinos cvalebaditendenciebi da Seadaros sistemebi. nimuSis aReba miznad undaisaxavdes Semadgenlobisa da sxvadasxva sasicocxloetapebis Sefasebas, magaliTad Semdegis gamoyenebiT:

zust dros uxerxemloTa nimuSis aReba (meTodidamokidebulia wylis siRmeze);

kalmaxis borcvebis Sefaseba;

Tevzis akustikuri markireba (romlis dro da xasiaTiunda gansazRvros specialistebma, romlebic adgenen daaxorcieleben detaluri monitoringis programas).

10.3 Tevzsavalis monitoringi

imis garantirebis garda, rom Semcirebuli xarji uaryofiTgavlenas ar moaxdens teritoriaze Tevzis populaciaze,monitoringi aseve unda Catardes larsaa da darialTandamontaJebuli Tevzis kibeebis funcionirebis Sesafaseblad,imis sagarantiod rom Tevzs SeuZlia marTlac gamoiyenosisini xelovnuri barierebis gadasalaxad. konkretulimeTodebi da maTi gamoyeneba unda SeTanxmdes, magram am etapzevariantebis saxiT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyos Tevzisakustikuri markireba, an mudmivi monitoringi wyalqveSakamerebiT.

10.4 monitoringis meTodi

rekomendebulia, rom monitoringis programis nawili maincCatardes rogorc sadoqtoro xarisxis donis kvleva,romelic orientirebuli iqneba Tevzis populaciisSeswavlaze, kvlevis teritoriaze (dariali hes-is kontrolisteritoria), moZraobebsa da sasicocxlo ciklis aqtivobaze.aseve gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba avtotropizmi da



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morfologiasTan kavSirebi, da gamovlindeba mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebi.

Semdgomi detalebi unda SeTaxmdes damfuZnebeli organosmier da saganmanaTleblo instututebis mier, magram principSi,kvleva Catardeba qarTveli doqtorantis mier, romelsaceqneba ambicia icxovros da imuSaos am regionSi doqtorisxarisxis miRebis Semdeg. doqtoranti imuSavebs qarTulinstitutSi, rogoricaa ilias saxelmwifo universiteti, damisi zoologiis instituti da mas xelmZRvanelobas gauwevsam institutis akademikosi. sxva variantebi SeiZleba iyoTbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamoyenebiTi ekologiisinstituti. doqtoranti monitoringisTvis saTanadodmomzadebis mizniT TanaxelmZRvanelobas gauwevsuniversistetis profesori, meTevzeobis kvleviTiganyofilebis kargad cnobili specialisti. monitoringisprograma gaiTvaliswinebs adgilobriv garemos da gamoiyenebssaerTaSoriso da monacemTa analizis meTodologias.

Tevzis pirveli monitorigis sezonze SeiZleba gamoyenebuliiyos sxva institutebis/organizaciebis mkvlevarebi, romlebicmoamzadeben adgilobriv jgufs (romelic Sedgeba sxvamkvlevarebisgan/adgilobrivi universitetisdoqtorantebisgan) 2-dan 4 wlamde sadoqtoro xarisxisTvis.ilias saxelmwifo universitetma bolo dros gaxsnasamagistro programa bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebasTandakavSirebiT, rac mniSvnelovani resursi iqneba savelesamuSaos monitoringisTvis potenciuri daxmarebisTvalsazrisiT, rac SesaZleblobebs miscems individualurdisertantebs.

xarjis monacemebi da geomorfologiuri informaciawarmodgenili iqneba dariali hes-is da Sesabamisad misigeomorfologiuri jgufis mier. monitoringis Sedegebi undainaxebodes dokumentebis saxiT, romelic informaciasmiawvdis adaptirebul mmarTvelobas.

10.5 sazogadoebis CarTuloba dainformirebuloba

proeqti uzrunvelyofs karg SesaZleblobas sazogadoebisCarTulobisa da saganmanaTleblo aqtivobebisTvis. proeqtisSesaxeb informacia xelmisawvdomi unda iyos monitoringiTgamovlenil mTavar SedegebTan erTad. am mizniT gamoyenebuliunda iyos eqspertTa jgufi. es informacia SeiZlebagamoyenebuli iyos sajaro kampaniebis mxardasaWerad imisxazgasasmelad, rom aucilebelia teritoriazesayofacxovrebo nagvis gadayris SeCereba.



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garda amisa, Sesawvlili unda iyos monitoringis zogierTaqtivobaSi adgilobrivi skolebis CarTulobis SesaZlebloba.es ormag mizans emsaxureba; is xels Seuwyobs pozitiurdamokidebulebebs garemos Sefasebisa da dacvismimarTulebiT, riTac dadebiT wvlils Seitans proeqtSi. eswvlili moiTxovs Semdgom ganmartebas, magram moiTxovs amsistemis saxmeleTo florisa da faunis rukaze datanebas, ansistemis konretuli aspeqtebis cvlilebebze dakvirvebas. esproeqti aseve SesaZleblobas iZleva umaRlesi saswavleblisstudentebi uzrunvelyos sadisertacio TemebiT, rac metRirebulebas SesZens rogorc TviTon proeqts, aseve misgaremosdacviT aspeqtebs.

sazogadoebrivi CarTuloba da saganmanaTleblo aqtivobebidamatebiT ganxilulia dariali hes-is garemoze da socialursferoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSSi Error! Bookmark not defined..

11. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

ekologiuri sabaziso monacemebis nakleboba niSnavs imas, romam etapze SeuZlebelia saimedo ekologiuri xarjismaCveneblis (da wliuri xarjis reJimis) SemoTavazebaekosistemis moTxovnebis safuZvelze. winsvlisTvisaucilebelia mimdinare monitoringis programisa daadaptirebuli marTvis gegmis SemuSaveba.

gaerTianebuli samefos teqnikur-sakonsultacio jgufma(UKTAG) gamosca meTodologiuri saxelmZRvaneloekologiuri xarjis moTxovnebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnulimidgoma iTvaliswinebs “blokuri awyobis meTodologias”,rac gulisxmobs, rom bunebrivi xarjis reJimiuzrunvelyofs saukeTeso pirobebs ekosistemisfunqcionirebisTvis da gansazRvravs mTavar dinebebs(blokuri awyobis meTodologia), romelic saWiroaekosistemis funqcionirebis xelSewyobisTvis. qvemoTcxrilSi gansazRvrulia blokuri awyobis meTodologiisxarjebi, romelic SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos mdinariskalmaxTan - Salmo truttafario – da im sakiTxebs, romelsachidroeleqtrosadguris SeTavazebebi wamoWris.



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‘‘blokuri awyobis”

xarji, romelic

saWiroa

sakiTxebi

gazafxulis

migraciebis

(aprili - ivnisi)

xelSewyoba

aRniSnul

sistemaSi.

migraciis dawyebaze gavlenas axdens mTeli rigi

faqtorebi, Tumca momatebul temperaturas da

mdinaris xarjs umTavresi mniSvneloba aqvs.

aRniSnuli sqemis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, xarji

kvlav swrafad gaizrdeba gazafxulze. Tavdapirveli

zrdis nawili abstragirdeba da maqsimaluri

(pikuri) xarjis qveda biefze aseve Semcirdeba. aseTi

zemoqmedeba unda Sefasdes monitoringis gziT. (imis




mixedviT).

Semodgomis

migraciis da

tofobis (qviriTis

yris) xelSewyoba.

xarjebze gavlenas ar moaxdens qviriTis yris

akvatoriaSi SeTavazebuli kaSxlis zeda biefze.

kaSxlis qveda biefis monakveTSi, xarji iqneba ufro

dabali Semodgomis TveebSi. xarji unda iyos

sakmarisi Semodgomis migraciis xelSewyobisTvis da

SeTavazebuli ekologiuri xarjis adekvaturoba

unda Sefasdes monitoringis meSveobiT. (imis




mixedviT).

fskeris florisa

da faunis

populaciebis

SenarCuneba

ekosistemis ZirSi

SeTavazebuli xarjis Semcireba, romelic

warmoiqmneba abstragirebis Sedegad Seamcirebs

arsebuli wylis habitatebis farglebs, kerZod

mdinaris ganStoebul monakveTebSi, kaSxalsa da

wyalsarins Soris. nakleb savaraudoa, rom Tevzi am

adgils gamoiyenebs qviriTis dasayrelad, an

gamosakvebad, an migraciisTvis aRniSnuli

monakveTebis farglebSi zamTris TveebSi. Tumca,

amis dadastureba SeiZleba mxolod monitoringis

meSveobiT.

arxis habitatebis

ganaxleba da

flora da faunis

gavrceleba da

supraficialuri

narCenebi.

am SeTavazebebs mcire zemoqmedeba eqneba periodul

wyalmovardnis xarjze, romelic mniSvnelovani

aRniSnuli procesebisTvis

arsebuli praqtikis analizma gamoavlina, rom 10%-ianiminimaluri (saSualo wliuri) ekologiuri xarji ar iqneba



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uCveulo evropul standartebTan SedarebiT. Tumca TenantismeTodis gamoyeneba mdinare Tergis maRalmTian garemoSisaeWvoa. aRiarebulia, rom 10%-iani ekologiuri xarjiukavSirdeba minimaluri pirobebis SenarCunebas, romelicaucilebelia araxelsayrel pirobebSi ekologiuripopulaciis SesanarCuneblad.

2.54m3/w ekologiuri xarji savaraudod sakmarisi iqnebasaimisod, rom Tevzma gagrZelos moZraoba SemoTavazebuliTevzsavalis mimarTulebiT, im pirobiT, rom es daigegmebasaukeTeso praqtikis Sesabamisad. es monacemi aseve Seesabamebaekologiur xarjs, romelic kanonierad moTxovnili iqnebaimave mdinarisTvis sxva qveynebSi, maT Soris evrokavSirisqveynebSi apluri mdinaris auzebiT. ekologiuri xarjis esmaCvenebeli iTvleba SesamuSavebeli proeqtis gonivrulTavdapirvel maCveneblad.

amJamad xelmisawvdomia arasakmarisi informacia mdinarisekologiis da kerZod mdinaris kalmaxis ekologiuri xarjisspecialuri moTxovnebis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, mdinare Tergisgaremo icvleba mdinaris hidroeleqtrosadguris oriuaxlesi proeqtis zemoqmedebis safuZvelze, uSualodSeTavazebuli darialis hidroeleqtrosadguris qveda biefze:larsis hidroeleqtrosadguri, saqarTvelo, dasrulebisprocesSi da “ezminskaia” hidroeleqtrosadguri, ruseTi(dasrulebuli). amitom gadawyda miRebul iqnasgamafrTxilebeli midgoma monitoringiT marTuli adapturimarTvis gegmis meSveobiT. adapturi marTva iTvaliswinebs,magaliTad, droebiT Sesworebebs ekologiur xarjSisezonuri migraciebis xelSesawyobad aprili – oqtombrisTveebSi, Tu aseTi migraciebi dadasturebulia Tevzismonitoringis programis safuZvelze. aqedan gamomdinarerekomendebulia, rom:

SemuSavdes monitoringis reJimi, imis dasadastureblad,rom SemoTavazebuli minimaluri ekologiuri xarjisakmarisi iqneba zemoT warmodgenili moTxovnebisSesasruleblad;

ganxiluli iqnas proeqti, imis sagarantiod rom saWiroebisSemTxvevaSi uSualod Tevzsavalis hidravlikuri saketi,daregulirdes saimisod rom gaataros ekologiurixarjebi mdinareSi imgvarad, rom garantirebuli iyosTevzebis mizidva TevzsavalSi;

ganxorcieldes geomorfologiuri monitoringi(fokusirebuli mimdebare arxis gamtarobaze,wvrilrmarcvlovani danaleqis gadarecxvasa da SecvlilreJimze geomorfologiuri reagirebaze) adaptirebuli



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xelmZRvanelobis informirebisa da ekologiurimonitiringis mizniT;

ganxorcieldes sul mcire erTi monitoringis sezoniproeqtis eqsplutaciaSi gadacemamde da gagrZeldes sulmcire sami weli eqspluataciaSi gadacemis Semdeg (esSeiZleba ukavSirdebodes sadoqtoro kvlevas);

ganisazRvros marTvis reJimi saeqpluatacio gamocdilebissafuZvelze, romelic iTvaliswinebs monitoringisSedegebs;

mSeneblobamde ganxorcielebulma monitoringma SesaZloaaCvenos, rom Tevzi arsebobs zegavlenis qveS arsebulmonakveTSi zamTris TveebSi an rom qviriToba xdeba ammonakveTSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi arsebuli SemoTavazebebisadaptacia savaraudod saWiro iqneba saimisod, rom xeliSeewyos:

- qviriTobas teritoriaze zamTramde zegavlenis qveSarsebul monakveTze, romelic arsebobs eWvi romdaSreba da/an gaiyineba;

- arsebobas zamTris periodSi zegavlenis qveS arsebulmonakveTze.

sxva SemTxvevaSi monitoringma SesaZloa aCvenos, rom Tevzi aqar qviriTobs da arc cxovrobs zamTarSi. aseve SesaZlebelia,rom Tu garkveul periodebSi gamovlindeba TevzismniSvnelovani migraciuli aqtivoba, am dros SesaZloa saWirogaxdes gazrdili xarjebi (10%-iani ekologiuri xarjze meti).

dariali enerji rekomendacia wylis biomravalferovnebis ...c:\users\oservice\appdata\local\temp\expert...

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