dasar teknik elektro 1
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Dasar Teknik Elektro
EL.112 (3 sks)
Enjang A.Juanda/ Lukmanul Hakim
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Silabus Mata Kuliah
Secara garis besar disajikan:
1. Pengantar Teknik Elektro.
2. Dasar-dasar rangkaian listrik.
3. Respon rangkaian bolak-balik pada
kondisi steady state.4. Pengantar system.
5. Dasar elektronika.
6. Dasar komponen elektronika
semikonduktor.7. Pengantar analisa jaringan.
8. Dasar elektronika digital &
mikroprosesor.
9. Penguat OP-Amp.
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Tujuan
Setelah selesai mengikuti mata kuliah inim a h a s i s w a d i h a r a p k a n m a m p u
menjelaskan dasar teknik elektro dan
sedapat mungkin mempraktekkan bagian-
bagian yang praktisnya tentang dasar
t e k n i k e l e k t r o .
Evaluasi
- Kehadiran
- Tugas Presentasi dan diskusi
- Makalah
- UTS
- UAS
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Rincian BahanI). Membahas silabus perkuliahan dan mengakomodasikan
berbagai masukan dari mahasiswa untuk memberi kemungkinan
revisi terhadap pokok bahasan yang dianggap tidak penting danmemasukkan pokok bahasan yang dianggap penting. Sesuai
dengan apa yang dikemukakan dalam silabus, pada pertemuan
ini dikemukakan pula tujuan, ruang lingkup, prosedur
perkuliahan, penjelasan tentang tugas yang harus dilakukan
mahasiswa, ujian yang harus diikuti termasuk jenis soal dan cara
menyelesaikan/ menjawab pertanyaan, dan sumber-sumber.
Terakhir, menyampaikan uraian pendahuluan tentang
DasarTeknik Elektro/ Pengantar Teknik Elektro.
II). Pengertian dan definisi-definisi yang terkait dengan dasar
teknik elektro.
III). Rangkaian-rangkaian listrik dasar: DC dan sistem DC.IV). Rangkaian-rangkaian listrik dasar: AC dan sistem AC.
V). Pengertian sistem, piranti, komponen dan kaitan satu sama
lain dalam teknik elektro.
VI). Dasar elektronika
VII). Dasar semikonduktor dan komponen semikonduktorVIII). UTS.
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Lanjutan Rincian
IX). Pengenalan pesawat-pesawat elektronikaX). Pengantar analisa jaringan
XI). Dasar-dasar teknik dijital
XII). Komponen-komponen dijital dan dasar-dasar analisis
rangkaian dijitalXIII). Dasar-dasar rangkaian dijital
XIV). Sejarah dan dasar teknik mikroprosesor
XV). Dasar teknik mikroprosesor dan pemrogramannya
XVI). Dasar penguat Op-Amp
XVII). UAS
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Daftar Pustaka
Sumber Utama:Ralph J.Smith & Richard C.Dorf:
Circui ts , Devices, and Sys tems,
John Wiley & Sons,1995.
J.R.Cogdell: Foundation o f
Electr ic al Engineering, PrenticeHall,1995.
David E.Johnson, Johny
R.Johnson, John L.Hilburn :
Electr ic Circu i t Analysis, PrenticeHall.
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Referensi/PengayaanReferensi:
1. P.H. Smale, , Telecommunicat ion System I, Pitman Publishing
Limited, London, 1978.
2. R.Margunadi, Pengantar Umum Elektroteknik, P.T.Dian Rakyat,Jakarta, 1986.
3. Allen, Mottershead, Electronic Devices and Circuits , an introdu ct ion,
Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1976.
4. Enjang A. Juanda dan Jaja Kustija, Pengantar Elektro Teknik, JPTE-
FPTK-IKIP, Bandung, 1994.
5. A.P. Malvino, Electron ics Priciples, Mc.Graw-Hill Company, London,1985
6. Brian Moore and John Donaghy, Operat ional Am pli f ier Circuits,
Heinemann, London, 1986.
7. Archie W.Culp,Jr (Terjemahan: Ir. Darwin Sitompul M.Eng), Pr insip-
pr ins ip K onvers i Energi , Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta, 1985.
- Jurnal
1. IEEE, Telecommunication Transactions.
- Internet
Dosen dapat dihubungi melalui:
Alamat rumah dan telpon: Jl. Suryalaya IX No.31A Bandung 40265-
T.7310350
Alamat e-mail: [email protected]
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Appersepsi
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How is Electricity Produced? Friction:static electricity from rubbing (walking across a carpet) (= Listrik
Statis, karena gesekan- akibat gosokan
misalnya jalan di atas karpet) Pressure:piezoelectricity from squeezing crystals together (quartz watch)(=
Kelistrikan Piezo- akibat tekanan misalnya kristal ditekan bersama-sama:
jam kristal)
Heat:voltage produced at junction of dissimilar metals (thermocouple) (=
Kelistrikan pemanasan- akibat dua logam yang berbeda pemuaiannya
(thermocouple) misalnya thermocouple dipanasi, persambungannyamenimbulkan tegangan.
Light:voltage produced from light striking photocell (solar power) (=
Kelistrikan karena cahaya- akibat cahaya mengenai photocell- solar cell-
misalnya solar cell dikenai cahaya matahari dihasilkan tegangan.
Chemical: voltage produced from chemical reaction (wet or dry cell battery)(Kelistrikan kimiawi- akibat reaksi kimia misalnya sel batere cair/kering.)
Magnetism: voltage produced using electromotive induction(AC or DC
generator). (= Tegangan induksi- gerakan elektro- akibat perpotongan
medan magnit oleh konduktor misalnya sepasang medan magnit terpotong
oleh konduktor. Bisa dihasilkan tenaga listrik AC atau DC,tergantung setting.
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Basic Terminology Electromotive Force (E or V)- Gaya Gerak Listrik
Force which causes electrons to move from one
location to another- Gaya yang menyebabkan
elektron-elektron bergerakdari satu lokasi ke lain
lokasi.
Known as emf, potential difference, or voltage
Unit is volt (V)
Source:
Generator
Battery
Like pump that moves water through pressure-
Seperti pompa yang menggerakkan air melalui
tekanan.
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Basic Terminology
(Peristilahan Dasar) Current (I)- Arus(Listrik)
Flow of electric charges - electrons (or holes)- through a conductor or circuit per increment
of time- Merupakan aliran elektron melaluikonduktor atau rangkaian listrik.
Unit is ampere (number of charged particlespassing a point each second)
1 amp = 1 coulomb/sec = 6x1018
electrons/sec
Like rate of flow of water through a pipe (Miriplaju aliran air melalui pipa)
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Basic Terminology
Resistance (R)
An electrical circuits opposition to the flow ofcurrent through it
Measured in ohms (W) Conductor
All materials will conduct electricity, but atvarying resistances
Good conductors have little resistance (ie:silver, copper, gold)
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Basic Terminology
Insulator
Substances which offer high resistance to
current flow (ie: wood, rubber, plastics)
Circuits made of wires covered with insulator
Power (P)
Rate at which work is performed
Measured in watts (W)
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RESUME SATUAN (1)
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RESUME SATUAN (2)
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RESUME SATUAN (3)
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CONTOH IMPLIKASI PADA
KOMPONEN/ELEMEN
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Ohms Law & Applications
Law: current of a circuit is directly
proportional to the applied voltage and
inversely proportional to circuit resistance
I a V, I a 1/R V =IR , dimana a adalahsebanding
Power P = VI P = (IR)I = I2R
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Kirchhoffs Laws
Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)
A node is any junction in a circuit where two or more
elements meet
Currents into a node sum to zero OR Current entering a junction is equivalent to the current
leaving a junction
(Titik dalam hal ini persambungan dalam
rangkaian,dimana dua atau lebih unsur bertemu. Aruspada titik persambungan sama dengan nol- arus yg
masuk titik persambungan = yang meninggalkannya)
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Kirchhoffs Laws
Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL)
A loop is any path in a circuit that current can
take so that it meets back up to where it starts
Voltages around a CLOSED loop sum to zero
( Suatu loop adalah setiap alur dalam rangkaian
dimana arus melewatinya,sehingga kembali
ke asalnya- Tegangan pada loop tertutup,jumlahnya =0)
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Applications
Resistors in Series
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + . . .
Resistors in Parallel
1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + . . .
Examples: should be able to find totalcurrent flow in circuit, current flow through
each resistor, voltages, power dissipated,etc.
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Questions?
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Harnessing the Power
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Power Generation
Chemical Cells
Electrodes
Electrolyte
Conductor
Wet/Dry Batteries
Magnetism
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Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday (1831): Showed that an emf is induced in a conductor if a
magnet passes by a conductor
When pole ofmagnet entered coil,current flowed in onedirection
When direction ofmagnet reversed,current flowed in
opposite direction
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Electromagnetic Induction
Magnitude of induced current can beincreased by:
Increasing strength of magnetic field
Increasing speed of relative motion Positioning of field & conductor to increase
number of magnetic lines of flux cut
Magnetic field usually produced byelectromagnet
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Electromagnet Soft iron core wound with
coils of wire
When current present(excitation current), core
becomes magnetized Field strength determinedby number of turns andmagnitude of current:
B a NIDC
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Electromagnetic Induction
Results in:
Generator action: generator converts
mechanical to electrical energy
Motor action: motor converts electrical tomechanical energy
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Generator Action
For emf/current (electricity): Magnetic Field
Conductor
Relative Motion b/t the two
Voltage produced: induced emf/voltage
Current produced:induced current
Left-hand rule forgenerator action
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Motor Action
For motor action (torque/motion):
Magnetic Field
Conductor
Current flow in conductor
Torqueproduced:induced torque
Right-hand rule
for motor action
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Standard Terminology
Stator: stationary housing of the generatoror motor
Rotor: rotating shaft inside the stator
Field windings: conductors used toproduce electromagnetic field
Armature windings: conductors in which
output voltage is produced (or input isprovided)
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Basic Terminology Direct Current (DC)
Current flow is unidirectional andof constant magnitude (battery)
Alternating Current (AC) Magnitude & direction of current
flow periodically change
Each sequence called a cycle
Frequency is cycles per second
(Hz)
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AC Generators
Most electrical power used is AC made by AC
generators
Basic principle: rotating magnetic field cutting
through a conductor Regardless of size, all AC generators work on same
principle
Two types:
Revolving armature (NOT used)
Revolving field (Used in SSTGs, GTGS, DG)
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AC Generators
Two types:
Revolvingarmature (NOT
used)
Revolving field
(Used in SSTGs,GTGS, DG)
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AC Generators Field windings on rotor
DC current provided for field via slip rings and brushes(vice commutator rings)
Rotor turned by prime mover creates rotating
magnetic field
Armature windings onstator
As field rotates, AC
current produced inarmature
Since stationarycontacts, no arc-over
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AC Generators
Determining speed of AC machine:
f= P(RPM)/120 RPM = 120f/P
Must maintain constant 60Hz output use speed
governor to maintain constant RPM(independent of loading)
Must also regulate voltage output
Since constant RPM, must control field excitation (DCcurrent) to control output voltage
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Three Phase (3f) AC Power
Phases: number of sets of armature
windings on stator
3f has three sets of armature windings
Voltage induced is 120o out of phase for each
Output: 3 sinusoidal voltages and currents
Allows more power to be delivered with a
smaller design generator
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Three Phase (3f) AC Power
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AC Motors
Use AC current as input to produce work
Many different types depending on number of
phases of AC input & construction
Ex: induction motor Input AC current on stator produces rotating field
Current produced in conductors on rotor produces
torque
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DC Generators
Basic Principle: rotatea conductor within amagnetic field toinduce an EMF
Field windingslocated on stator &receive current from
outside source
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DC Generators Armature windings on
rotor Commutator rings used to
mechanically reverse the
armature coil connection to
the external circuit EMF developed across the
brushes becomes a DC
voltage/current (pulsating
and unidirectional)
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DC Motors Essentially the same in
construction as DC generator Based on principle that current
carrying conductor placed at a
right angle to a magnetic field
tends to move in a directionperpendicular to magnetic lines of
flux
Only need to change relative
voltage to go between generator
motor
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AC vs DC power
Many different voltages required on board
ship
Easier to transform AC power for each
application
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Electrical Devices
Transformer
Device w/o moving parts that transfers energyfrom one circuit to another by electromagnetic
induction Consists of ferromagnetic core & sets ofwindings
Step-up: Vin Vout
Step-down: Vin Vout Only works with AC
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Electrical Devices
Rectifier Converts AC DC
Designed to have smallresistance to current
flow in one direction &large resistance inopposite direction
Typically called a diode
or rectifier