CHNG 1: GII THIU V B TNG V TRM TRN B TNG 1 PHN I: TNG QUAN V B TNG V TRM TRN B TNG CHNG 1: GII THIU V B TNG V TRM TRN B TNG 1.1 Khi nim chung v b tng. Tronglnhvcxydng,btnglmtnguynvtliuvcngquantrng, thng qua cht lng b tng c th nh gi cht lng ca ton b cng trnh. Cht lng b tng ph thuc vo cc thnh phn nh: ct, , nc, xi mng B tng l mt hn hp c to thnh t ct, , xi mng, nc Trong ct vchim80%-85%,ximngchim8%-15%,cnlilkhilngcanc, ngoi ra cn c cht ph gia thm vo p ng yu cu cn thit. C nhiu loi b tng tythuc vo thnh phnca hn hp trn. Mi thnhphn ct, , ximng khc nhau s to thnh nhiu Mc b tng khc nhau. 1.2 Cc thnh phn cu to b tng. 1.2.1Xi mng. Vic la chon xi mng l c bit quan trng trong vic sn xut ra b tng, c nhiu loi xi mng khc nhau, xi mng mc cng cao th kh nng kt dnh cng tt v lm cht lng thit k b tng tng ln tuy nhin gi thnh ca xi mng mc cao l rt ln.Vvykhithitkbtngvaphimbochtngyucukthutvgii quyt tt bi ton kinh t. 1.2.2Ct. Ct dng trong sn xut b tng c th l ct thin nhin hay ct nhn to, kch thc ht ct l t 0.4 5 mm. Cht lng ct ph thuc vo thnh phn khong, thnh phntpcht,thnhphnhtTrongthnhphncabtngctchimkhong 29%.S CHNG 1: GII THIU V B TNG V TRM TRN B TNG 2 1.2.3 dm. dm c nhiu loi ty thuc vo kch c ca , do ty thuc vo kch c cabtngmtachnkchthcphhp.Trongthnhphnbtngdm chim khong 52%. 1.2.4Nc. Ncdngtrongsnxutbtngphipngtiuchunkhngnh hng xu n kh nng ninh kt ca b tng v chng n mn kim loi. 1.2.5Cht ph gia. Ph gia s dng c dng bt, thng c hai loi ph gia: Loi ph gia hot ng b mt: Loiphgiahotngbmtnymcdcsdngmtlngnh nhng c kh nng ci thin ng k tnh cht ca hn hp b tng v tng cng nhiu tnh cht khc ca b tng. Loi ph gia rn nhanh: Loi ph gia rn nhanh ny c kh nng rt ngn qu trnh rn chc ca b tng trong iu kin t nhin cng nh nng cao cng b tng. Hin nay trong cng ngh sn xut b tng ngi ta cn s dng ph gia a chc nng. 1.2.6V d v t l pha trn cc thnh phn trong b tng. Tnh cho 1 m3 b tng Thnh phnn v Mac b tng100150200250300 CHNG 1: GII THIU V B TNG V TRM TRN B TNG 3 Xi mngKg225.2268.7325.2368.8410.1 CtKg820.8792.3782.8769.5756.2 Kg1668.21639.71628.31580.81571.3 NcLt146.4174.7208.2228.7246.1 Bng 1.1 T l pha trn b tng vi xi mng P400. 1.3 Mt s tnh cht c th ca b tng. 1.3.1 Cng ca b tng. Cng ca b tng l cng rn ca b tng chng li cc lc t ngoi m khng b ph hoi. Cng ca b tng phn nh kh nng chu lc ca n. Cng ca b tng ph thuc vo tnh cht ca xi mng, t l nc v xi mng, phng php b tng v iu kin ng cng. c trng c bn ca cng b tng l "mc" hay cn gi l "s liu". Mc b tng k hiu M, l cng chu nn tnh theo (N/cm2) ca mu b tng tiu chun hnh khi lp phng, kch thc cnh 15cm, tui 28 ngy c dng h vthnghimtheoiukintiuchun(t02020C),mkhngkhW90100%. Mc M l ch tiu c bn nht i vi mi loi b tng v mi kt cu. Tiu chun nh nc quy nh b tng c cc mc thit k sau: - B tng nng: M100, M150, M200, M250, M300, M350, M400, M500, M600. B tng nng c khi lng ring khong 1800 2500kg/m3 ct liu si c chc. CHNG 1: GII THIU V B TNG V TRM TRN B TNG 4 -Btngnh:M50,M75,M100,M150,M200,M250,M300btngnhc khilngringtrongkhong8001800kg/m3,ctliulccloiclrng, keramzit, x qung... Trong kt cu b tngct thp chu lc phidngmc khng thphn M150. Cng ca b tng tng theo thi gian, y l mt tnh cht ng qu ca b tng, m bo cho cng trnh lm bng b tng bn lu hn nhng cng trnh lm bng gch, ,g,thp.Lcucngbtngtnglnrtnhanh,sautcgim dn.Trong mi trng (nhit , m) thun li s tng cng c th ko di trongnhiunm,trongiukinkhhanhhocnhitthpthcngbtng tng khng ng k. 1.3.2 Tnh co n ca b tng. Trongqutrnhrnchc,btngthngphtsinhbindngthtch,nra trong nc v co li trong khng kh. V gi tr tuyt i co ln hn n 10 ln mt gii hn no , n c th lm tt hn cu trc ca b tng cn hin tng co ngt lun ko theo hu qu xu. Btngbcongtdonhiunguynnhn:trchtlsmtnchocxi mng, qu trnh Cacbon ho Hyroxit trong xi mng. Hin tng gim th tch tuyt i ca h xi mng - nc. Co ngt l nguyn nhn gy ra nt, gim cng , chng thm v n nh ca b tng, v b tng ct thp trong mi trng xm thc. V vy i vinhng cng trnh c chiu di ln, trnh nt ngi ta phn on to thnh cc khe co dn. 1.3.3 Tnh chng thm ca b tng. Tnh chng thm ca b tng c trng bi thm thu ca nc qua kt cu btng.chtcabtngnhhngquytnhntnhchngthmcan. tng cng tnh chng thm phi nng cao cht ca b tng bng cch m k, la chn tt thnh phn cp phi ht ca ct liu, gim t l nc, xi mng v tr s ti thiu. Ngoi ra tng tnh chng thm ngi ta cn trn b tng mt s cht ph gia. 1.3.4 Qu trnh ng cng ca b tng v bin php bo qun. CHNG 1: GII THIU V B TNG V TRM TRN B TNG 5 Qutrnhngcngcabtngphthucvoqutrnhngcngcaxi mng thi gian ng kt bt u khng sm hn 45 pht V vy sau khi trn b tng xong cn phi ngay tranh hin tng va xi mng b ng cng trc khi thi gian t lc b tng ra khi my trn n lc xong 1 lp b tng (khng c tnh ph gia)khngqu90'khidngximngpooclngkhngqu110',khidngximng pooclng x, tro ni la, xi mng pullan. Thi gian vn chuyn b tng (k t lc b tng ra khi my trn) n lc vo khun v khng nn lu qu lm cho va b tng b phn tng. Thi gian vn chuyn cho php ca b tng (khng c ph gia). Nhit (0C) Thi gian vn chuyn (pht) 20-30 10-20 5-10 45 60 90 Bng 1.2 Thi gian vn chuyn cho php ca b tng 1.4 Gii thiu v trm trn b tng. 1.4.1Trm trn b tng nha nng (Asphalts). CHNG 1: GII THIU V B TNG V TRM TRN B TNG 6 B tng nha nng l hn hp bao bm: nha ng (hc n), , cht ph gia tothnh,ncngdngphbintrongxydngngx,cccngtrnhgiao thng, cu, cng c ri ln b mt. Hnh 2.1: Trm trn b tng nha nng. Trmtrnbtngnhanngccutogn,khngchimnhiudintchlp t nh trm trn b tng ti, tuy nhin n c cu to phc tp hn rt nhiu. Khcvitrmtrnbtngti,hinnaytrongnccrttcngtyckh nng sn xut trc tip hon ton mt trm trn b tng nha nng. Cc trm nha nng hin nay ch yu c nhp t nc ngoi, ch yu l ca Hn Quc nh Dongsung c phn phi bi mt s cng ty nh Pesco. CHNG 1: GII THIU V B TNG V TRM TRN B TNG 7 Gi thnh nhp ca mt trm nha nng hin nay l rt cao, v vy chi ph u t l rt ln, ch nhng cng trnh cn u t hng chc ngn tn b tng nha nng tr lnminnutdychuynny.Cnbinphpphbinchocngtrnhcnt lngbtngnhannglmuabtngthngphmcacccngtychuyncung cp b tng ny. 1.4.2Trm trn b tng xi mng t ng. Cngnghipha,hinihaanglmthayidinmotnctahng ngy, v trm trn b tng xi mng ng vai tr ht sc quan trng, v n cung cp b tng cho hu ht cc cng trnh trng im. Di y l mt s hnh nh v mt s dng trm trn b tng xi mng ang c trn th trng: Trm trn b tng xi mng cp liu bng ti, loi ny c dng ph bin hin nay, tuy nhin nhng ni c din tch lp t hp, th khng s dng c. Vtinhngnicdintchlpthp,ngitasdngtrmtrnbtng dng ti ko skip cha vt liu ln thng trn b tng, y cng l mt loi dng ph bin hin nay. CHNG 1: GII THIU V B TNG V TRM TRN B TNG 8 Hnh 2.2: Trm trn b tng xi mng cp liu bng ti ko. Hnh 2.3: trm trn b tng xi mng cp liu bng ti. CHNG 2: KHI QUT V TRM TRN B TNG XI MNG 9 CHNG II KHI QUT V TRM TRN B TNG XI MNG 2.1 Gii thiu chung. Trmtrnbtngximnglmttngthnhnhiucmvthitb,cccm thitbnyphiphihpnhpnhngvinhauhotrnccthnhphn:ct,, nc, ph gia v xi mng to thnh hn hp b tng xi mng * Cc yu cu chung v trm trn -mbotrn&cungcpcnhiumcbtngvithigianiuchnh nh nht - Cho php sn xut c sn xut c hai loi hn hp b tng kh hoc t - Hn hp b tng khng b tch nc hay b phn tng khi vn chuyn - Trm lm vic m khng n, khng gy nhim mi trng - Lp dng sa cha n gin - C th lm vic hai ch l t ng hoc bng tay 2.2 Cc loi thit b trong trm trn b tng xi mng t ng. trm trn b tng hin i bao gm cc cm, thit b chnh nh sau: - Cm cp liu - Thit b nh lng (ct, , xi mng, nc v ph gia) - H thng iu khin - Thit b trn- my trn - Kt cu thp CHNG 2: KHI QUT V TRM TRN B TNG XI MNG 10 2.2.1 Cm cp liu. 2.2.1.1 Cp ct ln thng trn b tng:Viccpct,chotrmtrncnhiuphngnkhcnhausongthamkho thc t ta c hai phng n sau: a.Cp liu kiu gu co-skp - Nguyn l: vt liu , ct c t p kt ngoi bi cc ngn ring bit, sau c gu co vo thit b nh lng , sau khi c nh lng vt liu c x vo skp, t skp vt liu vo thng trn - u-Nhc im ca phng php ny: + u im: Cpliutrctiptbichamkhngquathitbvnchuyntrung gian Din tch mt bng cho ton trm khng cn ln lm + Nhc im: Vt liu bi cha phi c vun cao cho lng d tr Vic cp liu cho my trn khng lin tc Bi cha phi c vch ngn phn chia vt liu - Vi phng n ny ch p dng cho trm trn c nng sut thp. b. Cp liu kiu boongke - bng ti - Nguyn l: vt liu (ct, ) oc tp kt ngoi bi sau c my xc gu lt vo bunke, thit b nh lng. Sau khi c nh lng ng yu cu th bng ti vn chuyn vo thng trn - u - Nhc im: CHNG 2: KHI QUT V TRM TRN B TNG XI MNG 11 + u im: Cp liu cho my trn c lin tc Vtliubichakhngcnphivuncaovkhngcnphictm phn cch vt liu + Nhc im: Vic cp liu cho bunke phi c thit b chuyn dng Khongcchgiabunkevthngtrntngilndnnkhnng tip xc ca vt liu vi mi trng nhiu, s gy nhim mi trng nu khng c che chn ky - Phng n ny p dng cho cc trm trn c nng sut ln 2.2.1.2 Cp xi mng. a. Dng bng gu ti: - Nguyn l: xi mng t bao b nh vo phu c bng gu vn chuyn vo xicl nh vo thit b nh lng, sau c x vo thng trn. - u - Nhc im: + u im: C th cp xi mng cho trm vi khi lng nh Kt cu n gin , gi thnh h + Nhc im: Do cp xi mng t bao b nn gy nhim Nngsutvnchuynthpkhngthchhpvitrmtrncnngsut cao CHNG 2: KHI QUT V TRM TRN B TNG XI MNG 12 b.Dng xicl: - Nguyn l: xi mng ri t xi tc c vn chuyn bng kh nn vo xicl sau c vt ti vn chuyn vo thit b nh lng trc khi vo thgn trn - u - Nhc im: + u im: Khng gy nhim mi trng Tit kim c chi ph vn chuyn do np xi mng vi khi lng ln + Nhc im: Khi cn np liu vi khi lng nh khng thun li Kt cu phc tp, gi thnh t - Phng php ny c dng ph bin cc trm trn b tng 2.2.2Cp nc v cp ph gia. Vic cp nc v ph gia hu nh iu da trn phng php cp nc t bn cha:nctbnchatheongngxxungthitbnhlngvvobung trn 2.2.3Thit b nh lng. 2.2.3.1 Thit b nh lng kiu th tch. - Nguyn l: vt liu c x vo trong thng cha c th tch ph hp vi th tch vt liu cho mt m trn - u - Nhc im: + u im: kt cu n gin, ga thnh h CHNG 2: KHI QUT V TRM TRN B TNG XI MNG 13 +Nhcim:nhlngthnhphnctliuthiuchnhxcdnncht lng b tng khng c m bo -nhlngtheothtchthngdngnhlngnc&phgiahoc dng nh lng vt liu cc trm trn b tng nh l, nhng hin nay t s dng 2.2.3.2 Thit b nh lng kiu khi lng. Phng php ny c s kt hp gia c v in nn chnh xc cao - Nguyn l: vt liu c x vo bn cn, trn bn cn c gn thit b cm bin, tn hiu nhn t cm bin c x l bi my tnh sau kt qu c hin th trn b ch th y ct c nh lng theo kiu cng dn, cn nc, ph gia v xi mng c nh lng c lp - u - Nhc im: + u im: nh lng vt liu c chnh xc cao; c th cng dn nhiu loi vt liu trong mt m + Nhc im: kt cu phc tp, gi tnh t - Hin nay ngi ta dng phng php nh lng kiu khi lng l ch yu 2.2.4H thng iu khin H thng iu khin dng trm trn ch yu dng iu khin ng c in, iu khin ng m ca x liu bunke, thng trn.. Ni chung trn trm trn bao gm cc h thng iu khin sau: 2.2.4.1 H thng iu khin kiu truyn ng in: Ch yu dng iu chnh tc , ng m cc ng c in 2.2.4.2 H thng iu khin kiu truyn ng thu lc. Ch yu dng ng, m c cu chp hnh nh ca x thng trn hay bunke CHNG 2: KHI QUT V TRM TRN B TNG XI MNG 14 -Nguynl:vicngmccuchphnhcthchinnhplcca dng cht lng - u - Nhc im: +u im: C kh nng truyn lc ln v i xa Truyn ng m du Do lc tc ngln nn khc phc c hin tng kt vt liu ti ca x Tui th ca h thng cao do c bi trn tt + Nhc im: Kh lm kn kht ng ng nn c hin tng r r cht cng tc vo vt liu lm gim cht lng b tng Cc b phn ca thit b thgn t tin 2.2.4.3 H thng iu khin kiu truyn ng kh nn. -Nguynl:vicngmccuchphnhctinhnhnhplcca dng kh nn - u - Nhc im: + u im: Khong cch truyn ng tng i xa Cht cng tc l khng kh c sn trong thin nhin B truyn ng sch khng nh hng n cht lng b tng Tc ng nhanh CHNG 2: KHI QUT V TRM TRN B TNG XI MNG 15 Gi thnh h + Nhc im: p lc truyn nh i hi an ton v chng n bnh kh kht khe Lc va p ln 2.2.5Thit b trn- My trn. Dng trn ct, , xi mng, ph gia v nc to thnh hn hp b tng c 2 loi my trn c dng ch yu hin nay: 2.2.5.1 My trn cng bc hot ng chu k. - Cu to: thng trn c dng tr ng, ng c in b tr pha trn thng trn lin kt vi trc trn qua hp gim tc. Cc cnh trn b tr pha trn trc trn v quay trn cn thng trn ng yn Ca np liu b tr pha trn np thng trn ca x liu y thng trn. - Phm vi ng dng : loi ny c dng trn b tng cho cc xng b tng c sn hoc trn b tng cho cc cng trnh i hi cht lung cao, qu trnh trn ung thi tit kim c khoang 20%-30% xi mng 2.2.5.2My trn cng bc lin tc. - Cu to: thng trn c dng tr ngang, qu trnh trn c thc hin nh hai trc trn n khp vi nhau nh cp bnh rng n khp, chiu di thng trn c m bo sao cho thi gian ct liu i t ca np n ca x ng bng thi gian trn -Phmvingdng:trnbtngchocccngtrnhxydngihikhi lng b tng ln cht l b tng cao v trn b tng lin tc 2.2.6 Kt cu thp. CHNG 2: KHI QUT V TRM TRN B TNG XI MNG 16 -Dng ton b cc cm thit b thuc trm nh: Thit b nh lng, bunkeph,mytrn,bngti,cabiniukhin(nuc)...v.vNgoiracnc ktcuthpxicl,ktcuthpbunkechnh,cuthanglnxungvlan can. -Tytheokhnngcngnghcatngnhcungcpmthpsdng cngkhnggingnhau,tuynhinvnmbochtlngvantonlun c tun th. 2.2.7 Mt s cm thit b khc. 2.2.7.1 Cm cha nc. Thngthtrongmitrmtrnbtngximngucmtbchanc chnh, v mt b nc d phng c th tch nh hn rt nhiu. B nc chnh c th c lm bng thp hoc b tng, nn c th thch t 5m3 tr ln ty theo nng sut ca trm ln hay nh. B nc d phng c s dng trong trng hp, khng th cp nc c t b nc chnh, v n c th tch khong hn 0.5m3 tr ln ty theo trm. 2.2.7.2 Cm boongke cha liu. Thnglccphucnhiungntytheonngsutcatrmvyucus dng ca nh u t m th tch ca phu ny s ln hoc nh. Mi phu thng c 3 khoang trong c hai khoang cha v khoang cn li cha ct. Nhn xt lun vn: Trmtrnbtnglmtthitbmyxydngkhngththiuhinnay,v trong tng lai vn cha c mt thit b no khc c th thay th c n. Do vy em tin rng vic chn ti ny l rt hu ch trong vn cng ngh v kh nng cung ng b tng cht lng cao ngy cng tt hn. CHNG 3: LA CHN PHNG N THIT K 17 PHN II: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K MT S CM CHI TIT CA TRM TRN B TNG XI MNG y do thi gian hn ch v khng c nhiu c s tnh ton nn lun vn ny ca em ch yu i su vo phn tch cc cm v a ra cc phng n cho nhiu cm . C s tnh ton da trn kho st thc t cc trm trn b tng 60m3/h ca cng ty C phn Cng Ngh Cao - Hitechco v cc s liu c o trc tip ti nh my v cng trng lp t trm CHNG 3: LA CHN PHNG N THIT K 3.1 La chn nguyn l thit k. 3.1.1 Nguyn l 1: S nguyn l. Xem hnh di. 3.1.2 u nhc im: u im. + Dng vt ti cp xi mng, y l mt tron nhng phng php mang li s n nh cao v t nh hng n mi trng. + c dng ph bin trong cc cng ty sn xut b tng thng phm, nh h thngcpliubngti,nhbngtimvtliucvnchuynlintcvgim ting n. + Dng trong cc trm c nng sut ln, i hi lng b tng nhiu. +Ngynay,mingiangcxuhngsdngphngnnythitk trm trn, nh c tnh thm m cao, v kh nng p ng nng sut cao ca n. CHNG 3: LA CHN PHNG N THIT K 18 + S dng sil ch xi mng, va p ng c nhu cu xi mng trong nhiu gi hot ng lin, v khng gy nhim mi trng. Hnh 3.1: S 1 Nhc im + Kt cu di, do s dng bng ti cp liu, do vy nhng ni c din tch lp t nh th s dng phng n ny l khng ph hp. + Tiu th in nng cao do, bng ti cn cng sut ln vn chuyn. + Gi thnh cao hn mt cht, so vi phng n khng s dng kt cu bng ti cp liu. 3.2 Nguyn l 2 B cha c Bi cha Bi cha ct Vt ti xin My bmMy xc gu lt My xc gu lt Sil ximng Phu cn ximng Phu cn nc Bonke gom Bonke gom ct Bng ti cn liu Bng ti chuyn Phu trung gianMy trn t ch BTCHNG 3: LA CHN PHNG N THIT K 19 3.2.1 S nguyn l. Hnh 3.2: S 2 3.2.2 u - nhc im u im. + C kt cu nh gn, do s dng phng php chuyn vt liu ln thng trn bng ti ko skip, do vy thch hp s dng nhng ni c a hnh nh hp, phng n ny hin nay vn c s dng ph bin nh c im ni tri ny, c bit trong cc cng tnh xy dng dn dng. + Tit kim in nng hn so vi phng php cp liu bng bng ti do, ng c dng ko skip chuyn liu c cng sut thp hn trong trm trn b tng c cng nng sut. B cha nc Bi cha Bi cha ct Vt tiMy bmGu coGu co Xil ximng Thng cn ximng Thng cn nc Bonke gom Bonke gom ct Bonke cn ct, Ti ko My trn t ch BT CHNG 3: LA CHN PHNG N THIT K 20 + Gi thnh thp, nh s dng ti ko trn, do vy phng n ny c tnh cnh tranh cao v sc tiu th trn th trng. +Rtthchhptrongcccngtrnhcnlngbtngthp,vchocccng trnh va v nh. + S dng gu ngom, c th cp liu t cc x lan dc b sng, nn trong mt s trng hp s tit kim chi ph vn chuyn. Nhc im. + Cp liu khng lin tc, do vy khng th s dng trong cc trm trn c nng sutcao,nnchyudngtrongcccngtrnhnhkhngphhpvinhngcng trnh i hi p lc cao v nng sut trm trn. + Dng ti ko gy ting n ln nh hng trc tip n nhng ngi vn hnh v xung quanh. + S dng gu co cp liu vo cc boongke, dn n tnh linh ng khng cao v phng php s dng xe xc lt c nhiu u im v kh nng linh hot trong di chuyn. 3.3 La chn phng n thit k. Cn c vo tnh hnh thc t nhu cu v s dng trm trn b tng nc ta v nhng u nhc im ca cc phng php m ta va nu, em chn phng n 1 l phng n thit k, v n ph hp vi nn cng nghip ha nc nh. Chng ta ang tin hnh hin i ha t nc, trong xy dng c s h tng ng vai tr quan trng, nn trong tng lai s cn cc trm trn b tng c cng sut ln mi p ng c nhu cu v b tng trn th trng. Mc d so vi cc trm trn cng nng sut c kt cu nh hn, th phng n ny s lm tn din tch lp t, nhng iu nh hng khng ng k v hin nay khi ln phng n lp t trm a phn cc nh u t chun b y mt bng ti cng trng. CHNG 3: LA CHN PHNG N THIT K 21 Tuygithnhcaphngnnyccaohn,nhngscaohnlkhng ng k so vi cc tnh nng u vit m n mang li. Trongtnglai,nukhngbnhhngbiyutmtbng,thysl phng n ph bin nht lc , v n tr thnh s la chn s 1 cho cc nh u t mun pht trin ngnh cng nghip b tng. CHNG 4: GII THIU CC THNG S V TRM TRN B TNG 1 CHNG 4: GII THIU CC THNG S V TRM TRN B TNG 60M3/H S THIT K 4.1 Tng quan v cc cm v thit b Vn t ra khi ch to sn phm t cht lng cao m gi thnh ph hp vi tnh hnh kinh t ca nc ta hin nay, lm c iu nyphi bit kt hp cc cm ckhnngsnxuttrongnccngviccthitbintchtlngcaotcc hng ni ting trn th gii, lm c iu ny th y s l mt sn phm c sc cnh tranh cao v gi thnh (gi thnh ch bng khong 1/3 so vi hng nhp hon tont nc ngoi). Xc nh s b cc cm chnh ca trm trn. 4.1.1 Cm cp liu gm c: - 01 boongke cha ct liu gm c ba ngn (2 v 1 ct). - 01 bng ti cn nh lng. - 01 bng ti chuyn ct liu ln phu ch trung gian a vo thng trn c lan can kim tra dc bng ti. - 01 cm con ln dn ng bng ti chuyn ct liu. 4.1.2 Cm cp xi mng gm c: - 02 sil cha xi mng vi sc cha 80 tn/1 sil. - 02 lc bi xi mng. - 01 my nn kh. - 01 my bm xi mng. - 02 vt ti xin chuyn xi mng t sil ln thng cn. - 01 thng cn xi mng. CHNG 4: GII THIU CC THNG S V TRM TRN B TNG 2 4.1.3 Cm cp nc gm c: - 01 b nc chnh vi th tch 5m3. - 01 b nc ph d phng V = 0.6m3. - 01 my bm nc. - 01 thng cn nc V = 0.3m3. - H thng ng ng cp nc. 4.1.4 Cc b phn khc: - 01 thng trn b tng hai trc nm ngang cng bc, c ch to theo cng ngh ca hng Sicoma Italia vi: + Dung tch np th 1500 lt. + Dung tch trn 1000 lt. + 02 M t truyn ng vi cng sut: 2x22 Kw + 01 M t truyn ng ca x cng sut 2.2 Kw - 01 My nn kh cung cp kh cho ton b h thng ca x - 01 Cm nh lng ph gia. - Kt cu khung cho ton trm. - 01 cm cabin iu khin ton trm c gn y h thng iu ha, nh sng, c my tnh my in thun tin cho vic kim tra v in sao bng k. 4.2 Mt s nh gi v trm trn thit k Trm trn m em thit k c u im so vi cc trm trn khc l: CHNG 4: GII THIU CC THNG S V TRM TRN B TNG 3 Trm c thit k hin i, c gn cc thit b chuyn dng nhm m bo vn nhim mi trng v sc khe an ton cho ngi vn hnh, s dng. Hthngnhlngintkthpvickhdnngithnhhmd chnh xc vn m bo Dng thng trn cng bc hai trc nm ngang nn, y l phng n em li cht lng b tng m bo nht hin nay, nng sut cao. H thng iu khin hin i s dng thun tin d dng nhlngctliubngbngticnchophpcthinhlngvimcb tng c nhiu thnh phn ct liu. Dngmybmximngcpximngvosilodovykhcphcc nhc im ca xe chuyn dng. Xi mng v ph gia dc vn chuyn bng h thng kn nn trnh c bi bn, khng gy nhim mi trng. Bngtivnchuynctliulintcdovythiganvnchuynngn,vn chuyn nhanh, nn c th p ng c cc trm c nng sut ln. Gi thnh ca trm trn tng i thp do s dung c vt liu ch to trong nc, s dng i ng cng nhn lnh ngh Thi gan a trm trn vo hot ng tng i ngn khong chng 45 ngy trong iu kin sn xut bnh thng. 4.3 Nguyn l hot ng ca trm trn. Theo yu cu ca mc b tng v khi lng b tng cn cung cp ta a cc d liu vo my tnh, sau vo s m cn phi trn, khi h thng iu khin s t ng lm vic, Ch trc khi trm trn lm vic trn b tng th mt s vt liu phi chun bsnsng:ximngphicbmlnsilo,ctliucxexcltvnchuynlt CHNG 4: GII THIU CC THNG S V TRM TRN B TNG 4 vnchuynvoboongkecha;ncvphgiacchunbsnccthngng trung gian. utinhthngnhlngshotng,thchinngthibacngvic, cn ct liu, cn xi mng, cn nc v ph gia. Cnctliucthchintheonguyntccngdn:utinmcax boongke cha 1, khi x th ng ca x boongke cha 1, ng thi m ca x cha 2, khi 2 th ca x c ng li v tip tc m ca x bunke cha ct, khi ct th ca x c ng li. Qu trnh ny c din ra cho n khi cn xong ct liu. Cn xi mng: M ca x y sil cha xi mng, xi mng theo vt ti vn chuyn vo thng cn, khi cn xi mng th vt ti ngng li Cn nc v ph gia: nc c bm vo thng cn sau mi cn n ph gia Sau khi nh lng xong, thng trn quay, bng ti cn hot ng x ct liu xung bng ti chuyn ln phu ch trung gian, sau khi trn xong mt m b tng th m ca x thng ch cho vt liu vo ci trn. Sau khi ct liu c x ht vo thng trn th bt u x si mng, nc v ph gia. Thi gian trn ca ci trn cng bc l t (30-60). Trong n ny em khng ch thi gian trn l 40s. Sau 40s trn th hn hp b tng c x ra ngoi vo xe chuyn ch. Khi x ht b tng th ca thng trnnglivhthngiukhinlitiptciukhinlitiptcthchinm trn tip theo nh trn, v qu trnh n c th hin cho n s m trn xc nh. 4.4 Thi gian trn ca mt m b tng. i vi m trn u tin. + Thi gian x v cn ct liu trn bng ti cn: 15s + Thi gian vn chuyn ct liu ln thng ch trung gian: 20s tng thi gian vn chuyn ln phu ch trung gian l: 35s + Thi gian vn chuyn v cn xi mng: 20s CHNG 4: GII THIU CC THNG S V TRM TRN B TNG 5 + Thi gian vn chuyn v cn nc:15 Cc qu trnh ny din ra ng thi nn ta chn qu trnh c thi gian lu nht l: 35s + Thi gian x tt c nguyn liu vo thng trn b tng l: 8s. + Thi gian trn b tng: 40s. + Thi gian x b tng: 12s - Nh vy tng thi gian cho m trn u tin l: 95s. T m trn th 2 tr i. Dotrongqutrnhcitrnthchinqutrnhtrncamnhth,ccnguyn liu c chuyn n cc phu ch trung gian. Thi gian ca m trn th 2 l 60s 4.5 Tin thc hin lp t trm hon chnh. Ngynaymttrongnhngyutquytnhscnhtranhcaccnvl thi gian thc hin, do vy thc hin trm ny trong thi gian cng nhanh cng tt. Hnh 4.1: Tin thc hin cng vic. CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 1 CHNG 5: KHI QUT V SIL CHA XI MNG V LA CHN PHNG N THIT K 5.1 Khi qut v sil xi mng. Silchaximnglmttrongnhngcmrtquantrngcahthngtrm trnbtng,vnukhngsdngbphnchaximngnythtaphidngcng nhn trc tip cp xi mng bao vo vt ti chuyn ln thng trn, iu ny nh hng rt ln n sc khe ca h v bi v cc cht c hi. Ngoi ra, vi sil ny ta c th cung cp xi mng trong nhiu gi hot ng lin, ty theo kch thc ca sil, iu ny c bit quan trng khi s dng cc trm trn c nng sut ln. 5.1.1 c im cu to: - Sil c dnghnh tr ng y c dng hnh phu dng cha vt liu ri: ct, , xi mng, ph gia .. - Sil c t trn mt kt cu thp dng ct rng thanh ging, kch thc sil ph thuc nng sut trm trn - Tu thuc vo loi vt liu cha m b phn cp liu cho sil c th l kh nn hay vt ti. 5.1.2 Phn loi: - Da vo vic b tr thit b cp liu cho sil. + Loi c 2 thit b cp liu + Loi c mt thit b cp liu - Da vo cng dng + Sil ch cha mt loi vt liu: xi mng, bt . CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 2 + Sil cha nhiu loi vt liu: vi loi ny bn trong sil c nhiungn ring bit 5.1.3 Yu cu sil cha xi mng - Xi mng ri l loi vt liu d b h hng khi chu tc dng ca mi trng v vy m xicl cha xi mng phi bo m kn cch li vi mi trng bn ngoi. - Chu p lc cao khi cp, v ti. - Kt cu n gin, gi thnh h. - Vt liu ch to ph hp vi iu kin kh hu Vit Nam. - Tui bn cao. - n nh vi gi, bo. Di y l hnh nh thc t ca sil c lp t ti cc cng trng xy dng dn dng v cng nghip trong nc. CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 3 Hnh 5.1: Cc sil thc t CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 4 5.2 Phn tch cc phng php cp v vn chuyn xi mng. 5.2.1. Phn tch cc phng php cp v vn chuyn xi mng ri vo. Hin nay c tt nhiu phng phpcp v vn chuyn ximng ri vo silo. TrongiukinkhhunhitmtngilnVitNamthkhngphiphng php no cng cho hiu qu tt. Nu chng ta la chn phng n mt cch hp l, nsmanglichochngtahiuqutngilnvgithnhdutbanucho viejccpximngrikhngphilnh.Mtkhc,viccpximngnggpmt phnquantrngtrongtrmtrn.Sauytisphntchmtsunhcimca mt vi phng php v t ti la chn phng php hp l. 5.2.1.1. Phng n vn chuyn xi mng ri bng vt ti ln cc silo.Vt ti thuc nhm my vn chuyn lin tc khng c b phn ko. B phn cng tc ca vt ti l vt cnh xon chuyn ng quay trong mt mng kn c tit din trn (hoc trn y). Khi trc vt quay, cnh xon y xi mng di chuyn trong mng vt. Xi mng chuyn ng khng bm vo cnh xon l nh trng lng ca n v lc mastgiaximngvmngvt,do,ximngchuynngtrongmngTheo nguyn l truyn ng vt ai c. vn chun xi mng ri ln cc silo, ngi ta c th dng vt ti xin, hoc ng. Nhng thc t ngi ta thng s dng vt ti ng v n t ra c nhiu u im hn vt ti xin. ng i ln ca xi mng trong vt ti thng ng c c l nh ma st gia xi mng v v vt. Lc ny c sinh ra khi quay cc ht xi mng c hnh thnh trn mt mt cnh xon. Lc ma st ny lm chm chuyn ng ri xung ca xi mng v nh cnh xon y nng cc ht xi mng ln. uimcavtti:knkhtcao,khngnhhngtimitrng,ckt cu nh gn kh nng c ng cao, khng cn h thng lc bi, khng gy ting n ln. CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 5 Hnh 5.2: Cp xi mng bng vt ti ng 5.2.1.2. Phng n vn chuyn xi mng ri bng gu ti.Hot ng theo nguyn tc sau: tang dn ng (hoc a xch). u trn cao dn ng cho bng ti (xch) chuyn ng. Trn bng ti (xch) c gn cc gu nng xi mng, xi mng c np vo cc ca pha di c c x nh cc ca pha trn. CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 6 u im ca gu ti: l c th khng cn h thng lc bi cho silo, khng cn trm kh nn d cung cp kh nn kt cu gn nh t gy nhim mi trng nng sut ca gu ti tng i cao. Hnh 5.3: Cp xi mng bng gu ti. Nhcimcaguti:Ngoinhnguimtrnguticncnhng nhc im: cng knh hn so vi cc phng php khc cho nn tnh c ng thp. Vn u t ban u tng i ln. Cn phi np liu ng u v lin tc, iu ny kh thc hin bng phng php th cng, thc hin iu th phi thng qua mt thit b vn chuyn trung gian. Mt khc sau khi lm y, silo cha lun lun tn ngphaycahpgytimtlngximngvitrmkg.Viukinmi CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 7 trngnhitmcaVitNamquln,lngximngnyttnhanhbngkt,b gim cht lng v nhiu khigyqu ti cho hthng dn ng gu ti. Mt nhc imnacagutilccthitbkogulunlunphitipxcviximngcho nn tui th b gim i ng k, nht l trong trng hp dng xch ko gu.

5.2.1.3.Phngphpdngccxetcchundngvnchuynximng ri ln silo.Xetcchuyndngvnchuynvtbmximnglncaokhong 20m. Hnh 5.4: Cp xi mng bng cc xe chuyn dng uim:lrtkinhtvtthiuqu,bilckhnngkhngcntis utccxetcchximngbivhoclnisnxutcccphngtinvn chuynnyhoccciltrangbchomnhccthtbny.Phngphpny CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 8 khng cn trm kh nn bi v bn thn xe tc c bm kh nn m bo bm c xi mng ln silo, kh nng c ng ca xe tc chuyn dng rt cao. Chnh v nhng u im ny c cc ti cp Nh nc ng dung gii php ny song u khng thnh cng v nhng nhc im ca thit b vn chuyn ny. ccxetccsdngnhiulndoiukinmitrngnhitmcao,lthot ca cc mng ngn cch xi mng vt kh nn dn dn b b tng ha bt kn, din tch thng thong ca kh nn b thu hp. Do cc tia ha trn kh nn vi xi mng tr nn c tc cao hn s khng cn mang tnh cht ha troojnkhis nn vi xi mng m pht quakhibtximngtthotlncao,btximngbcuntheortt.Dovyva khng m bo tnh vn chuyn xi mng m cn gy qu ti cho cc thit b lc bi tay o.Chnhvldonylmthuhpkhnngsdngxetcchuyndngvn chuyn xi mng ri trong iu kin kh hu m ca Vit Nam. 5.2.1.4.Phngphpvnchuynximnglnsilbngphngphpnn kh ng hc. CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 9 Nguyntclmviccathitbnhsau:Ximngcvttingangvn chuyn t phu np vo bung ha trn, y xi mng c ha trn bi dng kh nn c p sut cao khong 1,21,6KG/cm2. Hn hp kh ny theo ng ng vo silo, sau xi mng c gi li v kh thot qua thit b lc bi ra ngoi u im ca phng php ny l: Nu la chn c s vn chuyn hp l ctnpthpnhtthvavnchuynhiuquximngrilncao,vakhnggy qu ti cho thit b lc bi (v cui hnh trnh p lc ca kh nn ln hn p sut kh quyn khng ng k). Mng ngn cch gia xi mng ti v dng kh nn c din tch nh c b tr bung ha trn xi mng kh nn t di d dng cho vic v sinh, bo dng hoc sa cha m bo tnh vn chuyn hiu qu ca thit b. Vn u t ban u khng ln v tnh c ng cao, kt cu gn nh, d b tr. Nhc im ca phng php ny l: cn phi c h thng kh nn p lc, my bm xi mng, phi c thit b lc bi tay o, cn phi c h thng tch nc cho kh nn trc khi vn chuyn xi mng. + La chn phng n vn chuyn xi mng ri ln silo Tnh ton thng s c bn ca thit b vn chuyn. Trnayl4phngphpnngvvnchuynximngrithnggp, ngoi ra cn mt s phng php khc nhng khng c dng ph bin, cho nn ti khng n cp n. Qua , ti rt ra mt s im khi la chn phng n: -H thng phi bo m thi gian cng ngh -Kt cu hp l, d lp rp v c ng -C th thc hin vic o kho d dng -Khng nh hng ti mi trng xung quanh -Gi thnh u t thp Cncvoccyucunuvcncvouim,nhcim,chn phng n cp xi mng dng ng nn kh. CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 10 5.3. TNH TON THIT K SIL CHA XI MNG 5.3.1. Gii thiu chung. Sil cha xi mng c nhim v cung cp xi mng cho phn nh lng xi mng ngthilkhotrunggiantrongqutrnhchuynximngtkhonvtrtrn. Ngoi ra sil cn lm nhim v l kho d tr v o xi mng khi cn thit, vi yu cu cung cp xi mng cho h thng lm vic lin tc trong khong thi gian 2 gi, ta c th xc nh c th tch c bn ca mi sil trn c s sau: Mi gi trm trn c kh nng trn 60m3 b tng, nhu cu xi mng cho 1m3 cao nht l 508 kg. nh vy phi trong 1 gi lng xi mng cn thit l: M = 1x60x508 = 30480 kg = 30,48 tn. Vi khi lng ximng l: 30,48 tn kt hp viyu cu ca sil l cung cp lngximngcnthitgimslnbmximng,chcchn,chuynch,lp dng d dng ta chn s sil l 2 chic, ta chn silo 80 tn m bo lng xi mng cn cung cp, d phng. 5.3.2. TNH TON KCH THC CA SIL. Cncvothtchximngphichacungcpximngchomytrn trong 2 gi lm vic lin tc. kt cu ca sil phi m bo sao cho khi np vo vt ti xi mng phi trng thi ri t do theo phng thng ng th kch thc ca ming phu sil xc nh theo cng thc:a0 = k(bv + 80) tan(mm)Trong : a0: ng knh ca l thot vt liu (mm) k: h s kinh nghim (k = 2,6) bv: cnh ln nht ca ht vt liu, i vi xi mng ly bv = 0 : gc ni ma st ca xi mng= 430 (trng thi tnh) CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 11 a0 = 194 mm. ca thot sil xi mng m bo cho xi mng thot mt cch d dng, d lin kt vi vt ti ta chn:a0 = 273 mm.( kho st thc t) Vy cn c vo a0 , th tch ca sil cn cha l:V =38057,14( )1.4m = V gc gia mt phng ngang v ng sinh ca phu xi mng c th chy t nhin trong mi trng hp, ta c kch thc ca mi sil: nh hnh di D1 = 2870 mm Hnh 5.6 D2 =273 mm CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 12 H1 = 8700 mm H2 =2249= 600 Vi kch thc ca mi sil nh vy ta xc nh c th tch ca mi sil l: ( )2 21 1 2 1 21 22 2 2 314 3 2 2 2 21.1, 435 8, 7 1, 345 0,1365 1, 435.0,1365 2, 249 54, 733D D D D DV H HV m (| | | |= + + + ( ||\ \ ( ( = + + + = Vi th tch nh vy th 2 sil m bo cung cp xi mng cho h thng lm vic trong nhiu gi. 5.3.3. TNH TI TRNG TC DNG LN SIL. Ti trng tc dng ln sil c biu th nh trn hnh vHnh 5.7 PNd/e: p lc php tuyn tiu chun ca vt liu ri tong sil. Pdd/e: p lc tip tuyn tiu chun tc dng ln thnh sil do ma st. CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 13 / d eP: p lc php tuyn tiu chun tc dng ln thnh phu mt nghing. Pmsd/e: p lc tip tuyn theo ng sinh ca hnh phu. Nhn xt: Trong qu trnh tnh ton thc t, p lc vt liu nm trong phn phu sil c xc nh trong cng thc: Trong : a: H s tng p lc khi d ti v khi khi vt liu ri ri. Tr s a = 2 i vi 2/3 chiu cao pha di thnh sil, vi y a = 1 i vi 1/3 chiu cao pha bin ca thnh sil. : khi lng ring ca xi mng= 1,4 tn/m3 f: bn knh thy lc, c xc nh theo cng thc: FI = Vi: F: l din tch mt ct ngang hnh tr ng ca sil:F = x Rsil2 = x 1, 4352 = 6,466 (m2) I: chu vi mt ct ngang hnh tr ng ca sil. I =2 x x Rsil = 2 x x 1, 435 = 9,012 (m) 1, 4350, 7175( )2FmI = = =Trong :e = 2,718Y: ta theo phng Y ca tit din ang xt.f: h s ma st gia vt liu vi thnh sil i vi xi mng v thp ta c: f = 0,65 K: t s gia p lc ngang vi p lc thng ng: CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 14 2 0tan 452K | |= |\ : gc ni ma st ca vt liu, i vi xi mng gc ni ma st = 300 0045tan 45 0, 3332K| | = = |\ Thay vo cng thc:/0,65 0,333/ 0,7175/ 0,3611, 4 0, 717510, 651, 545 1y l KT CdyT CdT C ydaP efaP eP a e ( = ( ( ( = ( ( ( = Tng ng vi TCNPta c p lc tip tuyn tiu chun v p lc tip tuyn tiu chun ti 4 tit din cch u nhau. Kt qu tnh ton cc gi tr tng ng:y(m)PT/CN (tn/m2) PT/Cd (tn/m2) 2,2490,6151,847 5,01,8745,628 8,72,2116,639 10,942,3873,168 Bng 5.1: Gi tr ng sut ti mt s v tr. CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 15 Ti trng PT/CN s gy ra lc ko theo phng vng trn phn v tr lNttK = /2T CNP xDxnm(tn/m2) Trong :n: h s vt ti: n = 1,3 m: h s iu kin lm vic: m = 0,8 Lc nn trong phn v hnh tr theo phng ng sinh do trong lng ca vt liutcdngthngqualcmastcavtliuvibmtvvdotrnglngca thit b t trn nh ca sil c tnh theo cng thc:/ tt T CN dn PN y Pm m ( = + (tn/m) Trong :P: trng lng cc thit bt trn nh thitb lc bi, thit bnung trnh vm cho xi mng lan can P = P1 + P2 P1: trng lng ca v sil, chn chiu dy ca sil = 5 mm P1 = 2 RsilxdxHsil=2 0, 005 10, 949 7850 3, 883 = (tn) 1 23, 883 0, 45 4, 333 P P P = + = + = (tn) Kt qu tnh ton cc gi tr lc ko v lc nn tng ng vi mi thit din: Y(m)Nttk(tn/m)Nttn(tn/m) 2,2491,21,78 CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 16 53,651,92 8,74,312,692 10,9494,665,964 Bng 5.2: Gi tr lc ko ti mt s im. TgitrNttktaxcnhcngsutkotheophngvngtrongphnv hnh tr.ttkkN= (Kg/cm2) TgitrNttn(tn/m)taxcnhcngsutnndctheophngng sinh ca hnh tr:ttntttdNDF = (Kg/cm2) Ftd =( ) D = x0,5(287 - 0,5) = 449,805 (cm2) Y(m) k (Kg/cm2) n (Kg/cm2) 2,2492444,71 57348,1 8,786,267,4 CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 17 10,94993,2149,3 Bng 5.3: Gi tr ng sut nn 5.3.4. KIM TRA N NH THNH PHN V HNH TR CA SIL. Thnsilcthmtnnhdotcdngcangsutnndctheophng ng sinh tt , do ng sut nn u theo phng bn knh khoc do ng thi ca tt ,k . 5.3.4.1. n nh ca thn silo do ng sut nn u theo phng ng sinh: iu kin n nh: 2 tt th Trong :l h s iu kin lm vic khi tnh thn silo theo n nh,= 1 2 th ngsutnntihntheophngngsinhkhibinvtrkhngc chuyn v theo phng bn knh 2 th ly gi tr nh nht trong 2 gi tr: 22yRththC ER L= = Trong : R: cng tnh ton ca thp lm thn silo. CT3R = 2100 Kg/cm2 62100 143, 50, 97 0, 00025 0, 95 0, 3582.10 0, 5| |= + = |\ C: h s ph thuc vo t s R/ ly theo bng 4 ti liu 10. V: 143, 5287 0,160, 5siloRC= = =CHNG 6: LA CHN PHNG N V THIT K THNG TRN B TNG 18 Vy ta c: 2 th = yR = 0,358x2100 = 751,8 (Kg/cm2) 620,16 2.10 0, 41115143, 5thsilCER = = =(Kg/cm2) Nh vy ta ly: 2 th = 1251,6 Kg/cm2 2119, 69 1 1251, 6n th = < = ng sut nn iu kin bn 5.3.4.2. n nh ca thn sil do ng sut nn u theo phng vng. iu kin n nh l: 2 k th Trong : : l h s iu kin lm vic, =1 2 th : ng sut nn ti hn theo phng vng c xc nh nh sau:Nhnxt:tngcngcngchosilothtaphitngcngccsn vng cng cho silo v khong cch cc vng cng l: l = 1,5 (m) V:1, 50, 5 1, 045 101, 435lR< = =