dellepiane - la tarja de potosi - 1917
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8/3/2019 Dellepiane - La Tarja de Potosi - 1917
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‐ i:
`j ^gpg{å# qzj vih`jh jc bgejhadj( Ca oilzva jh
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ca{ `g{ lvah`j{ jvpijhpj{ qzj# `j{kjh`ijh`g `j ca{
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‐ i? ‐
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ca kiz`a` avvifjña y ca{ ~vgihkia{ « `j afadg ½ # faña%
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19
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kzjv~g eghzejhpac( Kavvahta ba i{pg# jh j{pa{ kih%
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ejhpavåa{ y akkj{gvia{= `j zha gfva {z{kj~pifcj `j
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II
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‐ 6;
I_
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ei{eg j{pzavig
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lakiûh y a zh kgcg{ac kgejvkig =
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y gpva `j {z{ fah`a{(
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cg{ `åa{ `j pz jri{pjhkia 4
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cg{ pvizhoa`gvj{ 4
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Ba{pa jc ih`ig afgviljh# ~ûhj{j jh ~ij jh {z{
eghpaña{ ~ava vjiih`ikav {z Bfjvpa`=
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‐ 6X# ‐
Cggv a på# UikIå7vahg# Ivgta`gv `j ka`jha{ `j j{kca%
coz`(
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lig{g# `jfijvgh# `j{`j ahpilzg# baccav{j jdjvkipa`g{
jh jc `ioåkic avpj `j j{piv ca i`ja af{pvakpa jh ogvea
oilzva`a# `j bafcav jc cjhlzadj ez`g# ~jvg jcgkzjh%
pj# `j cg{ {åefgcg{( Acpaejhpj jr~vj{ia y {zljvi`g%
va# jh cg{ pvgtg{ `j{jejdahpj{ qzj ca kgh{pipzyjh# ca
bjpjvgljhji`a` `j é{pg{ {j ozh`j aveghig{aejhpj jhg
jc pg`g# {ih ~vggkav hihlzha `i{ghahkia( Ca a~a%
vjhpj kge~cikakiûh y jheavañaeijhpg `j ca gfva
`j{a~avjkjh# zha jt qzj {j ca kghgkj y jhpijh`j(
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‐ 6:
kgeg gkzvvj kgh j{g{ pvgtg{ ez{ikacj{ |alhjviahg{#
pah ihkge~vjh{ifcj{ y {gehåojvg{ jh ca ~viejva
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^gpg{å bakj {zfi`g bghgv a cg{ `i{pihlzi`g{ gvåoikj{
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`j zh je~jva`gv# y ~gv cg pahpg# `j Fjclvahg# qzj
cg jva# {ih `z`a hihlzha# jh jc ezh`g egvac(
II
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vj~vj{jhpa# jh {z kaci`a` `j gfdjpg a{gkia`g a `jpjv%
eiha`g{ akghpjkieijhpg{ `j hzj{pva bi{pgvia# kzya
kge~vjh{iûh oakicipa# pac jt# g a cg ejhg{ zjcj
eá{ kge~cjpa( Hihlôh j{~åvipz ‐ ~gv ~gkg oicg{ûoi%
kg y j{kz`viña`gv `j kaz{a{ qzj {ja‐ `jda# jh ~vj%
{jhkia `éca pavda# `j ogvezcav{j ejhpacejhpj aclzha{
ihpjvvglakighj{ y `j afvilav jc `j{jg `j kghpj{pavca{(
[ijh`g a{å# ~gv jdje~cg# qzj Ka{pjcci y Lghtácjt
Fackavkj# ahpj{ `j Fjclvahg# y `j{~zé{ `j éc Vgh%
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6?
`jaz# jhpvavgh pvizhoacejhpj a ca icca ie~jviac# qzjhg jrpvjeû {z{ ala{adg{ {ihg kgh jc jhkj`gv jh [ac%
pa y jh Pzkzeáh# ·qzé kivkzh{pahkia{ j{~jkiacj{# vj%
cakigha`a{ kgh Fjclvahg# `jpjveihavgh j{a akpipz` y
~vggkavgh ca j{~céh`i`a cifjvaci`a` ~gcg{iha 7XQzé
ie~gvpahkia vji{pj jc gfdjpg# kgeg ih`ikig `j ca a`%
bj{iûh `jc `ghahpj a ca kaz{a vjgczkighavia 7· Qzé
j~i{g`ig{ bi{pûvikg{ hgpafcj{ {j ihkzcah ac gf{jqzig#
ahpjkj`iéh`gcg g {zf{ilziéh`gcg 7 · Kûeg jva jh j{a
é~gka ^gpg{å y kzácj{ ozjvgh {z ~a~jc j ie~gvpahkia
jh ca{ czkba{ ~gv ca jeahki~akiûh7 A~ciqzéeghg{
abgva a kghpj{pav j{pa{ ~vjlzhpa{# jh ca {jlzvi`a` `j
qzj jccg hg{ ba `j `j~avav gka{iûh ~ava vjiiv bj%
kbg{ y jgkav ~jv{ghadj{ ihpjh{aejhpj `vaeápikg{
`j ca lzjvva `j ca ih`j~jh`jhkia# a cg{ kzacj{ {j jh%
kzjhpva cila`a# ~gv hjrg kaz{ac eá{ g ejhg{ ihej%
`iapg# ca pavda `j ^gpg{å# qzj a`qzijvj# kzah`g {j ca
kgh{i`jva `j{`j j{pj ~zhpg `j i{pa# påpzcg{ hzjg{ a
hzj{pva a`eivakiûh(
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{ahpj `j cg{ {zkj{g{# cg{ czlavj{# y kgh eaygv vatûh
ca{ kiz`a`j{# pijhjh paefiéh {z `j{pihg( Ozjvgh cg{
`jc kjvvg y icca `j ^gpg{å jhviqzjkjvá J{~aña# y
~gv {z kgh`zkpg a Jzvg~a( Hg j{ ajhpzva`g ~jh{av
qzj ca bi{pgvia `jc ezh`g {jvåa `i{pihpa `j cg qzj j{
{ih jc ojhûejhg ljgcûlikg `j{kghgki`g ejvkj` ac
kzac {j akzezcû jh ca{ jhpvaña{ `jc kécjfvj kjvvg ca
j{pz~jh`a ea{a `j ~capa# qzj fvgpah`g `j accå a ea%
hjva `j ihalgpafcj y kaz`acg{g vaz`ac# `ig haki%
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eijhpg y fviccg a kiz`a`j{ ie~gvpahpj{# bitg {zvliv
ca jhpi`a` a`eihi{pvapia kgvvj{~gh`ijhpj a ca az%
`ijhkia `j Kbavka{# y # ~gv hapzvac kghkapjhakiûh `j
cg{ bjkbg{# `jpjveihû ca jri{pjhkia `j Fgciia( J{pa
ba ~ala`g {z `jz`a kgh jc kjvvg g{pjhpáh`gcg jh jc
kjhpvg `j {z j{kz`g# y# ~gv `jkghpa`g# ^gpg{å cg cz%
kj jh jc {zyg# akge~aña`g `j ca {ilzijhpj `ii{a j{%
kvipa jh fávfavg capåh kgcghiac 4 Kj{avi{ ~gpjhpia ~vg
vjli{ ~vz`jhpia i{pj jrkjc{a{ egh{ jp avljhpa{ gvfje `j%
fjcavj acjhp zh,|jv{ae "{ik)# g {ja# jh`jvjtah`g jh%
pzjvpg{ gvpglváoikg{ 4 Jc ~g`jv `j Kj{av ~zj{pg ac
{jvikig `j ca {afi`zvåa vjac y j{j jcja`g y ~capja`g
eghpj {gh ka~akj{ `j `geihav jc ezh`g jhpjvg(
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oj{av qzj ac jcja`g y ~capja`g kjvvg `éfj{j jrkcz{i%
aejhpj ca jri{pjhkia `j ca zvfj( Hg ozjvgh# jh jojk%
pg# hi ca fjccjta `jc czlav# hi ca `zctzva `jc kciea# hi
ca ojvpici`a` `j ca kgeavka# ca{ kaz{a{ qzj egijvgh
jh 1 :0:# a zhg{ kzahpg{ `j cg{ ~gkg{ j{~añgcj{ qzj
jhpghkj{ bafipafah jc Acpg ^jvô# a ozh`av zha hzj%
a kiz`a` jh ca oac`a `j zh eghpj `j{gca`g# a eá{
`j 0ggg ejpvg{ {gfvj jc hijc `jc eav# jh zh {ipig
fapi`g ihkj{ahpjejhpj ~gv ijhpg{ ovåli`g{ y bzvaka%
ha`g{# `j{hz`g `j ávfgcj{ y a~jha{ kzfijvpg `j ~a{%
pg ei{évvieg jh cg{ ~jqzjñg{ vjpatg{ afvila`g{(
Hiebgvae ~apviae cgka ojpaoavjhpifa{ aa{pvi{# ~apvia
`j ca hzfj{# vjliûh ~vjña`a `j ijhpg{ ozvig{g{# jr%
kcaea jc ihka Kghkgcgvkgvg# vj~ipijh`g ac capihg# ac
`j{kvifiv jc ~avadj(
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‐ ;½ ‐
A `j{~jkbg `jc ej`ig ihkcjejhpj# qzj# jh cg{ ~vi%
ejvg{ pije~g{# bitg egviv `j ovåg a ca kviapzva{ vj%
kiéh haki`a{ jh jc czlav# jc ~jqzjñg ~zña`g `j ozh%
`a`gvj{# ogvea`g ~gv i%g j{~añgcj{ y gggg ih`ig{#
azejhpû jvcileg{aejhpj( Apvaå`a ~gv ca j{piez%
cahpj {j` `j gvg aoczyû akpg kghpihzg ac aogvpzha`g
~avadj zha ezkbj`zefvj bjpjvûkcica# jh ca kzac {j`j{btavgh hg ~gkg{ j{~añgcj{ `j ajhpzva 4 hgbcj{
pvgha`g{# {jlzh`ghj{ oaeécikg{# pabôvj{# kjcj{piha{#
`aea{ lacahpj{# ~ikavg{ `j ca bae~a y j{ka~a`g{ `j
lacjva{# a cg{ kzacj{ {j a`bivijvgh aclzhg{ ~ádavg{
jrpvahdjvg{ `j `ijv{a ~apvia y ~czeadj( ^gv pac eg%
`g# ^gpg{å ccjlû a {jv a ca zjcpa `j ~gkg{ añg{ zha`j ca{ kiz`a`j{ eá{ ~g~zcg{a{ `j Aeévika( Bzjcla
ka{i `jkiv qzj jc czkvapig cafgvjg `j ca{ eiha{# zhi%
`g ac ~elój jdjvkikig `j gpva{ ih`z{pvia{ y ~vgoj{ig%
hj{# cåkipa{ g icjlacj{# `jpjveihavgh ca vá~i`a ogvea%
kiûh `j lvah`j{ ogvpzha{ y `j báfipg{ `i{~jh`ig{g{#
bakijh`g `jc ~zjfcg ~gpg{ihg zha {gkij`a` oa{pzg{a#
`j{~icoavva`a# ái`a `jc czdg y `j cg{ ~cakjvj{# `a`a
a pg`a {zjvpj `j oij{pa{ y j{~jkpákzcg{# kzah`g hg
`j{lavva`a ~gv czkba{ `j oakkighj{ qzj {zvlåah jh
{z {jhg# jhkgha`a{ y ovjkzjhpj{# pvaå`a{# {i bjeg{
`j kvjjv ac kvghi{pa Eavpåhjt y _jca# « ~gv jc ihoczdg
`j ca j{pvjcca `j Eavpj ½# qzj jva « zhg `j cg{ a{pvg{
~vj`geihahpj{ jh ^gpg{å ½( Gf{jva jc ei{eg azpgv
qzj 4 "`g{ egva`gvj{ `j ca icca ie~jviac {gh eal%
háhieg{ y `j áhieg {zeaejhpj cifjvacj{# aeilg{
`j eô{ika y oj{pihj{# pvafada`gvj{ ~gv a`qziviv vi%
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69 ‐
qzjta# y aclg `a`g{a lz{pg{ jhévjg{ ½( J{pg ôcpi%
eg# fijh {j kge~vjh`jvá# kavláfa{j a{pvgcûlikaejh%
pj jh ca kzjhpa `j ca j{pvjcca `j Xjhz{( Jc ihka Lgh%
kgcgvkgvg# qzj i{ipû a ^gpg{å bakia 1<<># ba pvata`g
jh ojbkj{ ~ihkjca`a{ zha pi{ghgeåa `j ca icca qzj {j
a{jejda aca `jc kvghi{pa# y kgvvgfgva# ~gv cg `jeá{#
jc ~vgjvfiac aogvi{eg4
~zjfcg eihjvg# ~zjfcg i%
kig{g y ~jh`jhkijvg( « Ca `i{kgv`ia# j{kvifj# {ije%
~vj vjiha jhpvj cg{ ~vihki~acj{ jkihg{( J{pa {j kgh%
ijvpj jh ~capa qzj a a ~avav a ca kiz`a` `j {z
hgefvj½= ~ikahpj gf{jvakiûh `j ca kzac ihojvieg{
qzj cg{ cahkj{ `j ahpañg a ka~a y j{~a`a bafåah `j%
ljhjva`g# kgh jc ah`av `jc pije~g# jh ~vgkj{g{ ih%
pjveihafcj{ qzj ifah a jhpicav{j a ca az`ijhkia `j
Kbavka{( Gilaeg{ pg`aåa ac eac`ikijhpj pzvi{pa 4
"" [gh ezy vavg{ cg{ bgefvj{ qzj eahpijhjh zha
aei{pa` ~jvojkpa zha {jeaha jhpjva( Ac qzj a~caz%
`ijvgh ~gv ca eañaha# ipz~jvah ~gv ca pav`j# {gfvj
zh ~vg~ig a{zhpg# y {ûcg {gh kgh{pahpj{ jh ca{ ~a%
{ighj{ aegvg{a{# ~gv cg qzj {j jr~jviejhpa qzj ca{
jv`a`jva{ kgqzjpa{ bakjh ~vglvj{g{ oagvafcj{# y
{j bah i{pg eá{ `j kzapvg `j ~gkg{ añg{ a j{pa ~av%
pj vjpivav{j `jc kgejvkig icåkipg kgh kge~jpjhpj {zf%
{i{pjhkia# ya gfcilah`g a {z ôcpieg lacáh a ka{av{j
kgh jcca# g a fz{kav eavi`g `j aqzjccg{ qzj {j akg%
eg`ah a pg`g y pijhjh zha ozjvpj pj{pa# g ac qzj ccja
ca g~ihiûh `j qzj cg qzj hg ozé jh {z añg hg j{ jh {z
`añg( )) @jeg{ g hg kvé`ipg ac kvghi{pa y ac iadjvg#
cg ih`z`afcj j{ qzj ^gpg{å# j{~jkiacejhpj jh {z{
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‐ ;g ‐
é~gka{ `j ~vg{~jvi`a`# ccjû zha i`a alipa`a j ih%
pjh{a# y qzj ba `jda`g zha bi{pgvia egi`a j ihpjvj%
{ahpj# j{eacpa`a `j cjyjh`a{ y pva`ikighj{ oahpá{pi%
ka{ jh qzj a~avjkjh j{~jkpvg{ y ~zñacj{# `zjh`j{ y
j{qzjcjpg{# apaô`j{ y oicpvg{ aegvg{g{# pg`a ca apvj%
kjvåa vgeáhpika# jh zha ~acafva# y jh ca{ kzacj{ jc
aegv y jc g`ig#ca
`i{i~akiûh y ca aavikia#ca
ka{pi`a`y ca czdzvia# cg bzeahg y cg {gfvjhapzvac( @ig{# jc
`iafcg y ca{ áhiea{ `j) ~zvlapgvig {j jhpvjcatah ykghozh`jh jh zha ei{ea pvaea pjdijh`g hgjca{ ih%
jvg{åeicj{ g `vaea{ `éca eá{ ~zhtahpj pvaliki`a`(
Ca jpa vgeahkj{ka yakj {gpjvva`a jh kvûhika{ kz%
vig{a{# kgeg ca acz`i`a `j Eavpåhjt y _jca# jv`a`j%vg ^gpg{å `j pva`ikighj{ y cjyjh`a{# qzj ba {i`g jr%
~cgpa`g# {ih qzj`av jrbaz{pg# ~gv ihhôejvg{ kzcpgvj{
`jc léhjvg pva`ikighi{pa(
Lgeg pg`a ~gfcakiûh `j a{ijhpg eihjvacûlikg(
^gpg{å jr~jviejhpû cg{ aijhj{ `j ogvpzha `j {z
~vg`zkkiûh ejpácika( Kzah`g é{pa `jkcihû ‐ `jfi%
`g# jh ~avpj# a zha jr~cgpakiûh `j{a{pa`gva‐ ozé
ac ~av ~aci`jkijh`g ca j{pvjcca `j ca kiz`a`# {jlôh ca
ova{j ivliciaha# y ca gpvgva g~zcjhpa y ~vû`ila icca
ie~jviac kghgkiû cg{ `åa{ ejcahkûcikg{ `j ca `jka%
`jhkia y ca j{pvjkbjt( Ac ihikiav{j jc {ilcg `j ca vjg%
czkiûh {z`aejvikaha pjhåa a~jha{ 60(ggg bafipah%
pj{# `j{~zé{ `j bafjv kghpa`g jh aclôh egejhpg
kjvka `j 6>>(>>>( Jc eghzejhpac j`icikig `j {z ka{a
`j eghj`a# {z{ 26 pje~cg{ y 1> kghjhpg{ `jhzh%
kiafah pg`aåa ca ~a{a`a lvah`jta = ~jvg {z j{pa`g
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;i ‐
jkghûeikg jva `ioåkic# ~zj{ jh 12>6 ~jv`iévgh{j
lvah`j{ {zea{ jh eá{ `j Ag ihljhig{ qzj qzj`avgh
avvziha`g{# y ca oacpa `j atglzj{ jh i2g:# a kaz{a
`jc kghocikpg jhpvj J{~aña j Ihlcapjvva# ~avacitû cg{
pvafadg{ `j jr~cgpakiûh eihjvac `i{eihzyjh`g ca{
vjhpa{ jh ~vg~gvkiûh jrpvagv`ihavia( A ~j{av `j pg`g#
kghpafa aôhca
kiz`a` kghafzh`ahpj{ vjkzv{g{#
y#pahpg ~gv j{pa kivkzh{pahkia# kgeg ~gv {z ~g{ikiûh
j{pvapélika# ‐ jh kzahpg ihpjvej`ia jhpvj Fzjhg{
Aivj{ y Ciea# kjhpvg{ `j ca akkiûh y `j ca vjakkiûh
vjgczkighavia# vj{~jkpiaejhpj# ‐ baccáfa{j `j{pi%
ha`a a `j{je~jñav# jh ca lvah pvalj`ia bi{pûvika
~vghpa a vj~vj{jhpav{j# zh jefavatg{g ~a~jc4
jc `jca `aea ivvj{gczpa# qzj kg`ikiah y a{j`iah `g{ laca%
hj{ fjcikg{g{# a qzijhj{ acpjvhapiaejhpj# y {jlôh
ca{ jriljhkia{ `j ca {ipzakiûh# ~vg`ila {z{ {ghvi{a{ y
kghkj`j {z{ oagvj{( [i vjkgv`aeg{ {z kge~g{ikiûh
{gkiac# hg kg{pavá a`eipiv jc j{~åvipz vjaci{pa qzj ac%
lzhg{ cj bah apvifzi`g# ac ei{eg pije~g qzj a Gvz%vg# kiz`a`j{ aefa{ eihjva{ y ejvkahpicj{# jh ca{
kzacj{ ~vieafa zh lvz~g ihoczyjhpj `j i`ja{ kgh{jv%
a`gva{ ogvea`g ~gv ca ljhpj akaz`aca`a y ~gv hg
~gkg{ hgfcj{ `j aceghj`a# kgeg qzj ozé {ije~vj
aefikiûh `j cg{ jhviqzjki`g{# jh ^gpg{å a {jejdahta
`j gpva{ kiz`a`j{# kge~vav ~ava {z{ bida{ eavi`g{
pipzca`g{( Kbzqzi{aka y Ca ^at# jh kaefig# {j kavak%
pjvitafah ~gv {z pjh`jhkia `jegkvápika# jh j{~jkiac
ca ~viejva# jh {z kaci`a` `j kjhpvg zhijv{ipavig# jh
jc kzac fzccåa ca tzefa`gva kgcejha j{pz`iahpic = ~zj%
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;6 ‐
fcg egj`itg# vzegvg{g# aeilg `j ca `i{~zpa y jc
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