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Deures d’estiu 2015

1st BAT

Els alumnes suspesos han d’imprimir els exercicis de GRAMMAR i VOCABULARY amb 1 i 2 estrelles (no cal fer el de 3 estrelles) més les dues lectures de CULTURE.

Cal portar els exercicis completats el dia de l’examen de setembre.

Aquests exercicis comptaran un 40 per cent de la nota total.

Unit 1 Grammar practice

PHOTOCOPIABLE © OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

Unit 1 Vocabulary practice

Relationships

1 Complete the sentences with the words in the list.

cousin grandfather granddaughter husbandnephew niece uncle wife

Your aunt’s son is your cousin.

1 Your dad is your mum’s .

2 Your sister is your grandmother’s .

3 Your sister’s daughter is your .

4 Your dad’s brother is your .

5 Your mum is your dad’s .

6 Your sister’s son is your .

7 Your dad’s father is your .

2 Match 1–7 with A–H.

to split up A someone out

1 to ask B someone up

2 to fall C well with someone

3 to get married D in love with someone

4 to chat E someone

5 to get on F an argument with someone

6 to have G with someone

7 to fancy H to someone

Appearance and personality

3 Match the words in the list with the definitions.

ears eyes freckles hair mouth necknose teeth

You smell and breathe with it. nose

1 You see with them.

2 You eat and breathe with it.

3 It’s on the top of your head.

4 You eat with them.

5 They’re on your skin and often appear in the summer.

6 You listen with them.

7 It’s between your head and your body.

4 Put the adjectives in the correct column.

hard-working casual curly funny fashionablefriendly shy generous long patient tall

Appearance Personality

casual

5 Choose the correct alternatives.

I want you to give a / an A answer. No more lies, please!

A honest B serious C positive D innocent

1 Alice is very and she’s determined to do well in her job.

A practical B bad-tempered C ambitious D active

2 David is really . One minute he’s happy and the next minute he’s sad.

A moody B impatient C brave D talkative

3 Katie is quite and she gets upset easily by people’s comments.

A curious B sensible C big-headed D sensitive

4 He’s too to buy a sandwich even when he’s very hungry.

A negative B mean C tolerant D hard-working

5 I’ve studied hard and I feel that I can pass the exam.

A shy B intelligent C intolerant D confident

6 Chloë is a person and she’s always in a good mood.

A generous B patient C cheerful D sad

7 Sue is really and she’s always telling everyone that she’s the best.

A big-headed B selfish C determined D loyal

Verb + -ing form / to infinitive

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the bold verbs.

I’m bored of reading read

1 Debbie has gone to the shopping centre buy

2 Mark finds it difficult dohomework.

3 I should spend more time read in English.

4 Sam doesn’t feel like gocinema.

5 Charlotte needs changestyle.

6 smokebuildings.

7 We’re really happy be

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4 Complete the sentences with antonyms for the underlined words.

Jack isn’t lazy. He’s really hard-working.

1 Kirsty isn’t very outgoing. She’s quiet and .

2 It isn’t true that the English are . They’re quite friendly when you get to know them.

3 Fun-loving? Oliver? He’s and never smiles!

4 He seems like a person at first, but he’s really cold and only cares about himself.

5 Peter isn’t stupid. He’s and always does the right thing.

6 Some people think she’s insensitive , but it’s not true. She always helps other people and is very

.


5 Complete the text with the correct form of the bold verbs. In one case, there is more than one possible answer.

Hi! My name’s Isabella and I live in Brinklow, a small village in the middle of England. To be honest, I can’t stand living live

goEverybody knows what you’re doing in a village and I

listenstudy

French and Spanish at a university in London. I enjoy speak

travelfinish university. I’ve got to escape from Brinklow!

6 Correct the underlined mistakes in the sentences.

We love play tennis and we usually have a game every weekend. to play / playing

1 Amy says she can’t wait buying her wedding dress.

2 A lot of people hating shopping, but I really enjoy it.

3 Would you like seeing the new Angelina Jolie film?

4 Jason can’t stand to get low marks for his homework.

5 They want to seeing the final, but they can’t afford the tickets.

Relationships

1 Write a relationship word for each definition.

A person who lives next door or very near to you. neighbour

1 A person whose job is to give orders to others at work.

2 A mother or father of a person.

3 A person who you know but is not a close friend.

4 A member of your family.

5 A person who works at the same place as you.

6 A person who’s in the same class as you at school.


They said they would get on well after the interview, but I haven’t heard from them yet. in touch

1 My classmate never cleans up the kitchen after she’s used it. It’s the big problem with sharing a flat!

2 We were going out together, but now he’s my acquaintance, I can’t stand him!

3 Mia doesn’t get together with her sister. They’re always arguing.

4 I like getting in touch with my family at the weekends. We usually have a meal at my mum’s house.


3 Complete the text with the words in the list.

casual clean-shaven good-looking scruffymedium height skinny slim spiky tanned

My best friend James is eighteen years old. He’s always clean-shaven hair that stands up on his head. He loves playing basketball,

. He’s quite because he plays a lot of sport,

because he

in the summer because he spends so long outside in the sun. When he’s not in sports clothes, he wears

clothes like jeans and T-shirts, and he always

looks clean and tidy. All the girls in my class think he’s very !

35



4 I really visiting new places and meeting new people. I always have a great time!

5 John says he to play tennis, but he never has time.

Vocabulary extra


bald glamorous freckled pale thick well-dressed wrinkled

A man who hasn’t got any hair on his head is bald.

1 A person who’s has got small brown spots on his or her skin, especially the face.

2 An older person who’s got lots of small lines on his or her face is .

3 Spanish people think that northern Europeans have got skin.

4 Someone who’s attractive in an exciting, special way is .

5 If someone has got lots of hair, we say it is .

6 Someone who wears attractive, stylish clothes is .

5 Rewrite the sentences. Use suitable nouns, phrasal verbs and idioms / expressions to replace the underlined words.

I’m Chloë’s cousin.

I’m related to Chloë.

1 It’s good to have a strong belief in your own abilities.

2 I admire my older sister.

3 I met and made friends with Katie in the summer.

4 I am very similar to my father.

5 Jack’s impoliteness has caused problems at times.

6 I argued with David.

7 I haven’t seen Ben for ages.

8 I’ve got the same interests as Olivia.

9 He took me to meet Maria at the party.

10 His worst characteristic is the need to always tell people what to do.

Relationships

1 Read the text and complete the sentences with the names of types of relationships.

My name’s Tom and I share a flat in London with Kevin. I met Kevin because he’s going out with my cousin, Sara. Sara and I work for the same company. Actually, it’s a family business and it’s owned by my dad and Sara’s mum.

When I’m not working, I spend most of my time playing football. I’m in the same team as Dave, a guy who I used to be in the same class with at school. When we were kids, he lived in the house next door to mine and now we’re almost as close as brothers.

Kevin is Tom’s flatmate.

1 Sara is Kevin’s .

2 Sara is Tom’s at work.

3 Tom’s dad is one of Tom’s and also his at work.

4 Dave used to be Tom’s and , and now he is his

.


2 Complete the sentences with suitable adjectives.

If you …

sunbathe a lot, you get tanned.

1 tell the truth, people will say you are .

2 don’t comb your hair and wear very casual clothes, people will say you are .

3 get upset easily, you are probably quite .

4 aren’t very tall or short, you’re of .

5 never do any work, you’re .

6 haven’t got a moustache or a beard, you’re or female!


3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of a suitable verb.

Although I’m on a diet, I can’t resist eating chocolate!

1 Harry would to play for the school team, but he can’t going to training. He hates it!

2 I can’t to go to New York. I’m really looking forward to it.

3 Alice to study engineering when she goes to university.

36



Free-time

1 Match the activities in the list with the pictures.

do crafts do martial arts go shopping make models play the guitar play board gamestake photos text friends

4 Circle the incorrect word in each group. Then write why it is wrong.

reggae cycling hip-hop heavy metal

It isn’t a type of music.

1 surf save download cook

2 read draw paint sketch

3 plot actor magazine screenplay

4 coach dancer player team

5 crafts art football models

-ed and -ing adjectives


I thought the film was very amusing / amused.

1 Sarah was really shocking / shocked by what he said.

2 His talk on the history of sport was fascinating / fascinated.

3 It was very depressing / depressed watching the news on TV tonight.

4 We were disgusting / disgusted by the hotel room – it was filthy.

5 Their first CD was an astonishing / astonished success.

6 I’ve always been frightening / frightened of spiders.

7 I find his voice really irritating / irritated.

Adjective affixes

6 Complete the adjectives with the negative prefixes in the list.

dis- im- dis- il- un- un-

I don’t know what he does to get so much money, but I think it’s dishonest.

1 He’s really reliable and never does anything that he says he will do.

2 Jack’s comments were kind and upset everybody.

3 My mum was satisfied with the service and she asked to speak to the manager.

4 The shop assistant was very polite and didn’t say ‘please’ or ‘thank you’.

5 It’s legal to drive a car in the UK if you’re under the age of seventeen.

1

2 Match the verbs 1–7 with the activities A–H.

listen to A TV

1 read B friends

2 play C the piano

3 go D music

4 meet E on the internet

5 do F magazines

6 watch G to the cinema

7 chat H puzzles

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs do, go and play.

William goes swimming every day at six in the morning!

1 I judo after school.

2 Do you want to tennis this weekend?

3 Rebecca ice skating quite often.

4 The girls’ basketball team is in the final this weekend.

5 We’ve gymnastics for five years now.

6 Lisa wants to sailing this summer.

do crafts

2

4

6

3

5

7

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Free-time

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list.

chat download hang have keep playspend work

I download music from the internet, but I still buy CDs.

1 Ella part-time in a clothes shop at the weekend.

2 We fit by going to the gym three times a week.

3 Alfie is always video games.

4 I enjoy time with my grandfather. He tells me some great stories.

5 I told you about the homework when we online last night.

6 Don’t out with Grace. She’s a bad influence on you.

7 George some friends round last night and the kitchen is full of pizza boxes.


2 Complete the text with the correct -ed or -ing adjective form of the bold verbs.

I don’t like horror films because I think they’re frightening frighten

all my friends were going. At the beginning, I was worryembarrass

jump in my seat. However, after I had seen one murder, amaze

the others didn’t bother me! In fact, I thought the film bore

tire

3 Complete the sentences with the correct -ed or -ing adjective form of the verbs in the list.

astonish embarrass excite exhaustfascinate relax surprise worry

He was astonished that he had passed all his exams.

1 It was a really match and Barcelona won 5–3.

2 Ethan has gone to bed because he was .

3 I enjoy swimming because it’s very after studying all day.

4 We weren’t very when Poppy decided to leave because we knew she was looking for another job.

5 Dad thought the documentary was , but I wasn’t really interested in it.

6 I was really because I couldn’t remember her name!

7 Mum was really when she heard that I was injured, but it was only small cut.

Adjective affixes

4 Complete the sentences with adjectives formed with the words in A and the suffixes in B.

A adventure beauty enjoy environment imagine mess origin sense taste

B -able -y -ive -al -ful -ible -al -ous -y

Ruby is the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen. She’s incredibly attractive!

1 Harry works for an group that controls water pollution.

2 Daniel, your bedroom is really . Please go and tidy it up!

3 It isn’t a very film. I’ve seen a lot of comedies like that before.

4 Lucy is very and she wants to go climbing in the Himalayas.

5 You’re a great cook! This is really .

6 We had a really good time. The whole trip was .

7 Amelia is very and I’m sure she’ll do the right thing.

8 Oscar loves writing stories – he’s very .

5 Correct the mistakes in the adjective prefixes in the sentences. Two sentences are correct.

It’s inpossible to answer these questions! impossible

1 It’s an interesting idea, but it’s imlogical and won’t work.

2 William is very unmature and he behaves like a child.

3 We are very inhappy with the decision that the manager has taken.

4 It isn’t necessary to wear a suit because it’s an informal event.

5 Ava is so irdecisive and she can never make up her mind.

6 It’s unlegal to download music if you don’t pay for it.

7 That’s a crazy idea from a totally irrational person.

38



Free-time

1 Replace the underlined words with a word or expression that refers to a free-time activity.

I look after my baby brother when my parents go out. babysit

1 Alice goes jogging and does aerobics.

2 We visit and stay with our grandparents every weekend.

3 Kirsty spends a lot of time with her school friends at the weekends.

4 Henry often has lunch at a local restaurant.

5 I keep in contact with my friends by talking to them over the internet.

6 Liam gets a lot of songs from a great rock website.


2 Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence.

The situation was very embarrassing.

I felt very embarrassed by the situation.

1 They were absolutely fascinated by the exhibition.

The exhibition was .

2 The walkers were exhausted when they got to the top of the hill.

The walk to the top of the hill was .

3 The horror film was really frightening.

I was .

4 The hotel was relaxing. We felt .

Adjective affixes

3 Answer the questions.

What is a synonym for sad? unhappy

1 What is the adjective form of the noun taste?

2 Which adjective has the suffix -y and might describe a teenager’s bedroom?

3 What do we call something that is against the law?

4 A childish person might also be described as .

5 What adjective finishes in -ous and is an antonym for safe?

6 What is sometimes used as a synonym for green?

7 What adjective can be used as a synonym for casual?

Vocabulary extra

4 Complete the second sentence with one word so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence.

Andy likes to have a good time.

Andy likes to party.

1 His job makes him worried and nervous.

His job is .

2 Yoga makes you feel healthier.

Yoga gives you a feeling of .

3 I’ve got a lot to do.

I’m very .

4 I’ve had a tiring day.

It was an day.

5 We need to decide which things we should do first.

We need to .

5 Complete the dictionary entries with the correct phrasal verbs and idioms / expressions.

6 Complete the text with two or three words in each space.

My idea of a perfect weekend is not doing too much! If late on Friday night, I like to

on Saturday morning and get up just in time for lunch! My dad says that staying

, but I need to catch up on my sleep! However, on Saturday nights

early because we usually play basketball on Sunday mornings. I don’t mind, because we

after the game. If we don’t have

with the other girls from the team. We don’t do much

laughing at some of the boys trying to do weight training!

idm do something without hurrying:

There’s no rush – take your time doing your homework.

1 noun a day on which you don’t have to do

any work:

Sunday is my only .

2 idm get as much pleasure etc. as possible

from something:

It’s a beautiful day. Let’s it.

3 idm relax and not work too hard:

I want to stay at home and

this weekend.

4 phr v find out about things that have happened:

Let’s go for a coffee – I want to

with you and hear all your news.

39



School life

1 Complete the sentences with the names of school subjects in the list.

art English geography history ICT mathsmusic PE science technology

We study…

algebra in maths.

1 electric circuits in .

2 computer programs in .

3 sports in .

4 musical instruments in .

5 animal and plant life in .

6 grammar and vocabulary in .

7 rivers and mountains in .

8 the Romans and Greeks in .

9 drawing and painting in .


I always make notes in my notebook / desk.

1 My bag / laptop is really heavy when I put all my books in it.

2 The CD player / pen wasn’t working and we couldn’t do the listening exercise.

3 Mark left his English book on a poster / shelf in the classroom.

4 If you don’t know the meaning of a word, look it up in a ruler / dictionary.

5 That chair / door is for sitting on, not standing on.

6 Amy left her mobile phone on her window / desk in the classroom, but it’s disappeared.


boarding school mixed school primary schoolschool holidays secondary school single-sex school

state school uniform

A school that both boys and girls go to. mixed school

1 A school where students live and study.

2 A set of clothes that people who go to a school wear.

3 A school for children between the ages of five and eleven.

4 A school where only boys or only girls go.

5 A school that is free to go to and is paid for by the government.

6 A school for children between the ages of eleven and eighteen.

7 Times of the year when students don’t go to school.

Verb collocations

4 Put the words in the list in the correct column.

a break good marks an excuse exercise friends homework a mistake

do make have get

a mistake


I always have food / lunch at home.

1 Andy doesn’t start school / classroom until 10 o’clock.

2 Ashley leaves home / house with her parents.

3 We’ve got to do / make a project for geography.

4 Sue takes / makes the bus to school with her friends.

5 Excuse me, can I ask / make a question?

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list.

bully copy do expel fail get leavepass play revise for suspend

Students shouldn’t copy their friends’ work.

1 Students can or an exam.

2 Students can good marks and a qualification.

3 Students should never other students.

4 Students usually have to homework every evening.

5 In the UK, students can school at the age of sixteen.

6 If students truant, they will be in trouble.

7 A school can or a bad student.

8 Students should leave plenty of time to an exam.

40



Revision and exams

1 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the list.

take concentrate fail get pass organizepay practise remember remind revisetake test work take

I’m taking my final exams next week and I’m very nervous! an exam before and

I hope it isn’t going to happen now! Obviously, I need the exams, but I also have to

good results so that I can study hard

all year, so I’ve got a good chance of doing well. I’ve attention in class and

lots of notes. At the moment, I’m for my English exam, but when

speaking,

but it’s a bit difficult to do on your own! I’m going to a break for half an hour and see

myself on

to chat to Sophie, a classmate of mine. I have to her to come to my house so we

can practise the interview for the English exam together. everything or we’d

never get together to practise!

Verb collocations

2 Replace the underlined words with collocations formed using the correct form of the verbs in A and the words in B.

A get earn get miss win get

B behind better a job money school the race

I want to find work in the tourist industry. get a job

1 Clare was away today.

2 I need to get some cash to pay for my summer holidays.

3 Mark didn’t do the work on time and now he needs to work all weekend.

4 We hope that the situation will improve soon.

5 Lily is the best athlete in the school and she’ll come first.


drive English laptop married a new carschool university worse the game

They got married in June and got divorced in September!

1 I think Dylan has lost his , but he

thinks someone has stolen it.

2 He left with good marks, but he

didn’t want to go to .

3 I’m teaching my neighbour and he’s

helping me to learn how to .

4 We’re going to get because ours keeps breaking down.

5 The economic situation is getting and unemployment is rising.

6 Our team played well, but in the end we lost

.

do / make / take

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of do, make or take.

My mum is going to take German classes.

1 Could you stop a noise? I’m trying to study.

2 I a few mistakes in the exam, but I still passed.

3 We a lot of photos on the school trip.

4 Everybody said I well, but I wasn’t happy with the results.

5 We haven’t got any plans, but we’d like to

something this weekend.

5 Correct the sentences with the correct form of do, make or take.

You should join a club if you want to take friends at university.

You should join a club if you want to make friends at

university.

1 I’m making research into the way dolphins communicate.

2 Let’s do a break and come back in fifteen minutes.

3 I always make my homework as soon as I get home.

4 We’re going to do the boat from Barcelona to Minorca.

5 If we all recycled our rubbish, it would take a difference to the environment.

41



Revision and exams

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable verbs.

If you want to get good results, you have to revise for your exams.

1 If you me to buy the books, I’ll remember to bring them tomorrow.

2 If you’re supposed to be working hard, why are you a break?

3 If you don’t take notes in class, you won’t be able to study and you might the exam.

4 If you attention in class, you’ll be able to take notes.

5 If you speaking the language, you’ll probably pass the oral exam.

Verb collocations

2 Correct the eight mistakes in the text with suitable verbs.

I wasn’t a very good student and I sometimes used to

leave a day at school. I went school when I was sixteen

because I wanted to make a job and do some money. After

a few years of working, I taught to drive and I received a

new car. However, I soon realized that my life wasn’t going

to make better if I didn’t get some qualifications, so I went

back to school! Next year, I hope to be to university at an

age when most of my friends are leaving university and

looking for their first job!

do / make / take

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable nouns.

I try to do my homework on Friday evening.

1 Everybody makes , but not everybody learns from them.

2 When I got to the stop, the I usually take had already gone.

3 We can’t study because the neighbours are making a lot of .

4 Jenny works for a pharmaceutical company and she’s doing some into new medicines.

5 I need to take a for five minutes and have something to eat.

6 A good way of making new at university is by joining a club.

miss

Vocabulary extra

4 Write what the underlined words or expressions are examples of.

I come from Loughborough – that’s L–O–U–G–H–B–O–R–O–U–G–H. spelling

1 Listen and repeat: /̍ lʌfbərə/. 2 I want to give up smoking.

3 I’m afraid she’s away on a business trip until next week.

4 ‘Purchase’ means the same as ‘buy’.

5 He knows how to make people feel bad. He really put the knife in, you know.

6 How do you say ‘¿Estudias o trabajas?’ in English?

7 The word ‘fit’ can be used as a noun, verb and adjective.

8 Homework – Work that teachers give their students to do at home.

9 I’d like to live in a Mediterranean country like Spain.

5 Write adjectives that collocate with the nouns.

monolingual / bilingual dictionary, speakers

1 pronunciation, example, description

2 verbs, noun plurals

3 / letter, discussion, negotiations

4 information, translation

6 Complete the text with the correct form of the words in the list.

build check habit idea look meanrecord revise

It’s a good idea to read a lot if you want to increase your vocabulary. When you find an unknown word, first use

. If up the word

the meaning of the new word in a notebook. You should also get into

all the new words that you’ve studied once a week. If you do

up your

your dictionary so often.

42



Films


Cars and Toy Story are horror / animated / thriller films.

1 There is a lot of singing in a western / thriller / musical.

2 There are a lot of horror / science fiction / martial arts films about Dracula.

3 They said the film was a western / comedy / musical, but I didn’t laugh!

4 I think the Indiana Jones films are the best action-adventure / mystery / romantic films.

5 I don’t usually like science fiction / horror / animated films, but I enjoyed the Star Wars series.

6 They don’t make many cowboy films now, but thrillers / westerns / musicals used to be very popular.

7 The best romantic / fantasy / comedy films that I’ve seen are the three Lord of the Rings films.

2 Complete the sentences with suitable nouns.

A man who acts in films is an actor.

1 A woman who acts in films is an .

2 A person who directs films is a .

3 A person who sings is a .

4 A person who dances is a .

5 A person who composes music is a .

6 A person who presents a TV show is a .


blockbuster box office cast character plotscene setting special effects

The story of a book, film or play. plot

1 A person represented in a book, film or play.

2 The place where the action and events in a book, film or play happen.

3 Action in a film that is made with special equipment or computers.

4 A book or film that is very successful.

5 The place where you buy tickets to see a film.

6 A part of a film or play when the action is in one place.

7 All the actors and actresses in a film or play.

Strong adjectives

4 Match the normal adjectives 1–7 with the strong adjectives A–H.

good-looking A disgusting

1 unpleasant B furious

2 tired C freezing

3 interesting D gorgeous

4 angry E exhausted

5 cold F filthy

6 dirty G unforgettable

7 memorable H fascinating

5 Replace the underlined adjectives in the sentences with the strong adjectives in the list.

ancient boiling disgusting enormousfurious shocking tiny unforgettable

This summer has been hot. We’re not used to it here! boiling

1 It was a memorable performance from the experienced actor.

2 I couldn’t eat the food because of the unpleasant smell.

3 My father was angry with me for coming home so late.

4 They live in a big house in Hollywood with ten bedrooms.

5 That computer is old. Isn’t it time to buy a new one?

6 It’s one of the most surprising things that I’ve ever seen.

7 I live in a small student flat in London.

Phrasal verbs


up after off on out up off

The plane will take off at 5 o’clock.

1 Could you turn the TV? The programme’s finished.

2 Jane has given smoking.

3 I’ve decided to take yoga. I start next week.

4 My parents are going out tonight, so I’ve got to look my sister.

5 My dad works at the gym for an hour every morning.

6 Put your school uniform. It’s nearly time to go!

43



Films

1 Correct the underlined mistakes in the text.

Strong adjectives and

intensifying adverbs

3 Complete the sentences with strong adjectives.

She’s really attractive. In fact, I would say that she’s stunning.

1 The film wasn’t just funny. It was !

2 The talk was interesting, and some of it was .

3 The new reality show is worse than bad. It’s !

4 I’ve never been so bored in my life. Looking at their holiday photos was .

5 Her divorce was surprising, but her marriage to an 80-year-old man was .

6 His first horror story was quite frightening, but his latest novel is .

7 We really enjoyed ourselves in Australia – it was a holiday!

Phrasal verbs

4 Complete the sentences with the prepositions in the list.

on out to up with

How do you put up with his bad temper?

1 I can always count my parents to help me when I’ve got a problem.

2 We’re really looking forward our holidays.

3 You’ll end poor if you keep spending your money like that.

4 Jack helped me with my maths revision.

5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the list.

blow away find out go on start outthink about turn into

Their new album really impressed me. blew me away

1 We didn’t discover that the train had been cancelled until we got to the station.

2 Have you considered changing your job?

3 The character in the film becomes a superhero.

4 He begins as a poor boy, but at the end of the story he becomes a millionaire.

5 We can’t continue living like this!

2 Complete the text with the words in the list.

character director fans plot scene setstars version

The Help is a realistic drama that all film fans will love. The film is based on Kathryn Stockett’s bestselling novel,

was written by Tate of the

film. The Help Emma Stone as the , Eugenia ‘Skeeter’ Phelan, a

university graduate who returns to her home town. The in the town of Jackson,

follows Skeeter’s attempts to write a book about African-American women working for white families. It becomes

when Skeeter meets her old white friends that it is not going to be an easy job.

The Oscars

Walt Disney won 26 Oscars, most of them for crime films.

Only ten (1) romantic films have ever won the Oscar for ‘Best film’. Chicago was the last one to win it in 2002, when Renée Zellweger and Catherine Zeta-Jones sang and danced to the music.

At the age of 29, Adrien Brody became the youngest person to win the Oscar for ‘Best actor’, for his performance in the (2) superhero film The Pianist. He played a musician living in Poland during the Second World War.

It seems that the people awarding the Oscars don’t like funny films. The last (3) action-adventure film to win the Oscar for ‘Best film’ was Annie Hall in 1978.

No (4) horror film has ever won the Oscar for ‘Best film’, although Star Wars (1977) and ET (1982) were nominated.

Events that produce worry and excitement are the most popular subjects for Oscar-winning films. (5) Classic films about modern life like Million Dollar Baby, and (6) fantasy films such as The King’s Speech, have all won in recent years.

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King is the only (7) thriller film to have won the Oscar for ‘Best film’, although these films are often nominated for special effects.

animated

44



Films

1 Complete the texts and then identify the film genres.

1 Toy Story 1 was the first film made completely with computer-generated images. The director of the film was John Lasseter.

2 Did you know that the of West Side Story is based on the story of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet? But, of course, it’s in New York, not Verona!

3 In my opinion, the first Spiderman film was the best of the series. I’m a big of the Spiderman comics and I think the first film is the closest to the original story.

4 My favourite film is The Big Sleep, the film of Raymond Chandler’s famous

novel. It Humphrey Bogart as the main , Phillip Marlowe. I think he was the best cinema detective of all time.

Strong adjectives and

intensifying adverbs

2 Replace the underlined words with strong adjectives.

The actress is very attractive. stunning

1 I thought Titanic was very bad!

2 The Silence of the Lambs is a very frightening film.

3 Intouchables, a French film about a disabled man and his carer, is very funny.

4 The documentary Bowling for Columbine was very interesting.

5 The decision not to give an Oscar to George Clooney was very surprising.

Phrasal verbs

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable phrasal verbs.

Michael wanted to continue, but I couldn’t go on.

1 The plot didn’t impress me, but the special effects were amazing – they me

.

2 He discovered that he had been adopted, but he still hasn’t who his real parents are.

3 I couldn’t do my maths homework, but Chloë me and I

managed to finish it.

4 Tom doesn’t want to go, but I’m it.

5 It started out as a peaceful demonstration, but it in violence.

Vocabulary extra

4 Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence. Use the correct form of the phrasal verbs and film vocabulary in the list.

get into pass on put off

dialogue plot screenwriter special effects

Jack writes great stories for films.

Jack is a great screenwriter.

1 I couldn’t become interested in the film because the computer-generated action scenes really annoyed me.

I couldn’t the film because the really annoyed me.

2 The director gave the conversations between the main characters to another writer.

The director the between the main characters to

another writer.

3 They have postponed filming until they make some changes to the story of the film.

They have filming until they make some changes to the .

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the list.

direct edit graphic novel literature publishunputdownable well-acted

In a graphic novel, the pictures are as important as the words.

1 She decided to give up acting. She wants to work behind the camera and films.

2 Most best-sellers are , but I couldn’t read more than 20 pages of this book. It’s rubbish!

3 The actors did a good job and the play was , but the plot was confusing.

4 To get a 13 certificate for the film, they had to out all the violent scenes.

5 Charles Dickens first a lot of his stories in magazines.

6 Correct the mistakes in the idioms and expressions.

Tom Wilkinson was quite old when he made it large in Hollywood. big

1 Although it’s an American film, all of the action makes place in Japan.

2 It was so funny that I couldn’t help laughing down loud.

3 The character comes through as serious and boring.

4 I liked the film and I’m sure the book will be well value reading.

45



The environment


A flood / drought happens when it doesn’t rain for a long time and the earth becomes very dry.

1 A strong, dangerous wind that moves in a circle is called a storm / tornado.

2 A hurricane / tornado is a violent wind that starts at sea and moves along the coast.

3 A tornado / flood happens when a lot of water fills places that are usually dry.

4 A storm / drought consists of a strong wind, heavy rain, and thunder and lightning.

2 Match 1–5 with A–F.

carbon A warming

1 climate B fuels

2 endangered C footprint

3 fossil D energy

4 renewable E change

5 global F species


When you …

something, you destroy, damage or injure it with fire or heat.

A bury B burn C pollute

1 something, you collect used objects and materials so that they can be used again.

A waste B destroy C recycle

2 something, you stop it from being killed, injured or destroyed.

A save B burn C poison

3 something, you use it again.

A reuse B throw away C save

4 something, you get rid of what you do not want any more.

A pollute B throw away C burn

5 something, you put it into a hole in the ground and cover it.

A save B recycle C bury

6 something, you use too much of it or use it in a careless way.

A waste B poison C destroy

7 something, you make it dirty or dangerous.

A save B pollute C bury

8 something, you damage it so badly that it can no longer be used.

A throw away B reuse C destroy

B

Making a difference

4 The words in the list can be used as verbs and nouns. Use each word twice to complete the sentences. Write whether you have used it as a verb or a noun.

ban volunteer campaign

There should be a ban on hunting elephants. It should be illegal. ban

The government is going to ban the fishing of some fish in the summer to protect them. noun

1 I’m a for the Red Cross and we help people at public events.

2 The protest and march were part of our against the new nuclear power

station.

3 Sam says he will to work for nothing in a developing country when he leaves school.

4 Sandra wants to for the Green Party in the next general election.


donate meeting organizations publicity sign support supporter

We’re having a meeting on Wednesday.

1 I’ve always been a of environmental charities and I help them when I can.

2 We’ve received a lot of thanks to the TV report. Everybody is talking about us.

3 Andy wants to £50 to WWF.

4 They’re asking people to a petition against the plans for the new motorway.

5 Most people agree that we need a park and they the plans for a new one in the town.

6 The article was about different and the work that each one does.

Noun suffixes

6 Form nouns with the words in the list and the suffixes in the table. Write each noun in the correct column.

active argue collect entertain locatepossible react real situate treat

-ity -tion -ment

reality

46



The environment

1 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the list.

depend die pollute recycle starve throw waste

Although the future of the planet depends on us, it seems as if we don’t care. In 2008, the UN estimated that 963 million people on the planet are

a large amount of the world’s food production before it arrives at the shops. In the UK, each citizen

away 445 kilos of rubbish a year. and use some of that

rubbish again, but in the UK 60% of it still goes to rubbish the

countryside and rivers, and species of animals, fish and out and disappear.

2 Complete the compound nouns.

air pollution

1 c change

2 endangered s

3 g engineering

4 health r

5 r energy

6 rubbish d

7 t fumes

Making a difference

3 Correct the underlined mistakes in the texts.

1 Lloyd Scott is famous for making a solution to the

lives of thousands of people. He signs money from

the people who protest him to run in the London

Marathon. He has also made to take part in other

charity activities and, over the years, he has collected

£5 million for organizations that look difference cancer

patients.

2 Thousands of people protected against the

government’s plan to make Heathrow airport bigger.

They raised petitions that said the government should

sponsor the local environment and find a difference

to the air pollution that planes produce. In 2010, the

government announced the notice that they had

abandoned their plans.

difference

Noun suffixes

4 Complete the nouns with the suffixes in the list.

-ance -ations -ing -ity -ment -ness -ation

The reality of the situation is that the climate is getting warmer.

1 The govern will promote renewable energy.

2 He felt a sensation of peaceful as he floated on the water.

3 We shouldn’t give his opinions so much import .

4 Congratul s on raising so much money for the hospital.

5 There are a lot of cycl lanes in Oxford.

6 I’d like some inform on your plans for the airport.


Sam is very unhappiness about his exam results. unhappy

1 The government doesn’t give any import to looking after the environment.

2 Cycle is the cheapest way to travel and it makes you fit too!

3 We want to congratulations you on your new website.

4 They’ll send us the inform as soon as they have written it.

5 The real is that a lot of people don’t seem to care about the environment.

6 Travel around Europe by train is fun.

7 I love the peaceness of the city park.

8 Using public transport is sometimes inconvenience .

47



The environment

1 Write a compound noun that describes each environmental subject.

Panda bears are dying out. endangered species

1 Solar panels make electricity, but do not produce pollution like power stations do.

2 The sea level is rising because the warmer weather is melting the ice at the north and south poles.

3 In the UK, only 40% of the rubbish we throw away is recycled and used again. The rest of it is buried.

4 People who live next to power stations have more chance of suffering from certain diseases.

5 A combination of smoke from factories and vehicles sometimes makes breathing in Mexico City difficult.

Making a difference

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable verbs.

Jessica wants to raise money for a school in Zambia.

1 We weren’t able to a solution.

2 My mum is retired, but she’s to work at the museum three afternoons a week.

3 The students are asking people to a petition against the increase in student fees.

4 The organization wants to the animal’s habitat and stop hunting in the area.

5 Over 50 people are me to run the marathon. I’m going to give the money to charity.

6 Olivia works in an animal sanctuary and after injured animals.

Noun suffixes

3 Correct the mistakes in the noun suffixes in the sentences. Two sentences are correct.

We are giving the problem too much importation. importance

1 Has the governing made a decision?

2 There’s a lot of unhappiness about the situation.

3 It’s a great idea, but the realance of the situation means it’s impossible to carry out.

4 We apologize for any inconveniment caused.

5 The peacefulness of the area will be destroyed by the new motorway.

Vocabulary extra

4 Complete the sentences with a verb and a noun from the lists.

Verbs campaign for destroy discover harmvolunteer

Nouns danger information organizationpolitics threat

1 We’ve discovered some secret that might be very useful in our fight against the energy company.

2 In , members of the parties sometimes have to support and things that they don’t believe in.

3 I’ve decided to and work in my free time for an environmental .

4 If we don’t take the of climate change seriously, we’re going to the planet.

5 A lot of people’s health is in because of air pollution and it can people, especially children.

5 Write an adjective for each definition.

Something that can’t be done. impossible

1 Not treating people in an equal way.

2 Using something in a bad, careless way.

3 Well and strong.

4 Existing in nature.

6 Replace the underlined words with suitable phrasal verbs, idioms and expressions.

A rise in petrol prices will cause other events to happen. have a knock-on effect

1 We can save the planet if everyone contributes.

2 Can you address the problem?

3 We have to do something to stop these animals from dying out.

4 You should try to reduce the amount of time you spend on the computer.

5 People have got to accept and deal with their high energy consumption.

6 They should let more people know about the problem.

7 We have to defend the rights of the people who live in the Amazon rainforest.

8 One person on his or her own can’t have an effect.

48




‘Can I see your homework, please, Jane?’

‘I’m sorry. I haven’t finished / didn’t finish it.’

1 ‘Let’s get something to eat. I’m really hungry.’

‘Hungry? But you’ve have / you’ve had dinner!’

2 ‘Did Alicia go / Has Alicia been to Canada before?’

‘No, she never travel / she’s never travelled outside the UK before.’

3 ‘What’s wrong with your hand?’

‘I’ve broken / break it.’

4 ‘Perhaps you should rest, Lucy. You’ve looked / look very tired.’

‘I am. I’ve been / am to the gym every day this week.’

5 ‘Did you hear / Have you heard from Glen this week?’

‘Yes, he called / he’s called twice today.’

6 ‘Do you want / Are you wanting to go out?’

‘No, it still rains / ’s still raining.’

7 ‘How often does the bus go / is the bus going into town?’

‘It is going / goes every hour on week days.’

8 ‘Quick! Run! There’s our bus!’

‘Oh no! We’re missing / ’ve missed it!’

for / since / just / yet / already

5 Choose A, B or C to complete the sentences.

Do you know where Sara is? I haven’t heard from her

A ages.

A for B since C yet

1 I’ve given up, but Toni is still trying to do that maths exercise.

A for B already C yet

2 Have you met the new language assistant ?

A yet B already C just

3 She’s upset because she’s seen her boyfriend with another girl.

A just B since C yet

4 My computer is broken, so I haven’t checked my messages .

A since B already C yet

5 Where have you been the past hour?

A since B for C already

6 I haven’t seen my brother he came home at Christmas.

A since B for C yet

Present tense review

1 Put the words in the correct order to form sentences.

recently / been / you / anywhere / Have / interesting / ?

Have you been anywhere interesting recently?

1 adults / social networking sites / days / use / Many / these

2 replacing / is / communication / Technology / face-to-face

3 Peter / at home / staying / today / is

4 you / for / at / Are / exams / moment / studying / the / ?

5 every / meet / Do / day / you / friends / your / ?

2 Write sentences. Use the verb tenses in brackets.

Fred / stay / with his grandparents / in the holidays present simple

Fred stays with his grandparents in the holidays.

1 I / not play / tennis / today / because / it / rain present continuous

2 Rafa / not often use / the phone / but / he / text / a lot present simple

present continuous

4 you / listen / to music / every evening? present simple

5 who / Sally / talk to / on the phone / ? present continuous

3 Write sentences. Use the present perfect.

how many / text messages / you / send / today?

How many text messages have you sent today?

1 you / change / your / email address?

2 I / not speak / to / Joe / today

3 you / finish / using / the computer?

4 not phone / Paul / us / this week

5 how long / you / have / a laptop?

6



Present tense review;


1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the bold words. Use the present simple, present continuous or present perfect.

Anna and Steve went go

1 Tina has been in Italy for two weeks now and she not contact any of her

friends yet.

2 What exams you / studyfor at the moment?

3 How often meetfriends at the weekend?

4 We can’t go out now. It snow

5 It not rainmonth.

6 I can’t find Annie. you / know she / go

2 Write sentences. Use the present simple, present continuous or present perfect.

Tina / often go / to the cinema / with her friends

Tina often goes to the cinema with her friends.

1 My brother / work / in London / for / the last ten years

2 Kate / not study / at the moment

3 the shops / not close / until 7 o’clock at weekends

4 I / not think / that / he / do / any work / this week

3 Complete the sentences with for, since, just, yet or already.

Do you know where Sara is? I haven’t heard from her for ages.

1 I haven’t seen Maria she came to my brother’s party.

2 She’s crying because she’s hurt her hand.

3 My moped is broken, but I haven’t taken it to the garage .

4 He’s taken part in several photography competitions, but he’s never won anything.

5 We stayed in London two days before we went to Scotland.

6 I haven’t seen Sophie for a while. Do you know if she’s come back from her holiday ?

4 Complete the text with the correct form of the bold words. Use the present simple, present continuous or present perfect.

Cathy Matthews has never travelled never traveloutside the UK, but she’s got friends all over the world.

already make

send

Cathy’s mum is concerned because her daughter spend

hours on her computer every day. be

since she got home today. It’s 8 o’clock now and she start

not often come

not go outany more.’

change

According to a recent survey, 88% of thirteen- to sixteen-

have

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list. Use the present simple, present continuous or present perfect.

live not believe study wear not travel not use do receive know

We bought my mum a computer for her birthday, but she hasn’t used it yet.

1 My cousin in the USA since his family moved there last year.

2 How many text messages you this week?

3 What in English at the moment?

4 Life is so boring! We never anything exciting at the weekend.

5 I Tom when he says he hasn’t got time to do his homework.

6 He very smart clothes today!

7 I Tim since we met at Karen’s party.

8 My grandparents are excited because they by plane before.

7



3 Complete the sentences with for, since, just, yet or already.

I haven’t been to the cinema since we went together last month.

1 Alex has been away ages. Do you know when he’s coming back?

2 ‘Have you heard from Jenny yet?’

‘Yes, she’s sent me several text messages.’

3 He’s fed up because he’s failed his driving test.

4 Our team has played six basketball matches this term and we haven’t won one .

5 ‘I haven’t heard from Mark a while. Have you?’

‘No, not the end of term.’

4 Complete the second sentence using the information in the first sentence. Use appropriate forms of the bold verbs and for, since, just, yet or already.

be

Peter has been here for an hour.

have

I

go

My parents

see

I

leave

Billy

tell

I

live

We

5 Translate the sentences into your language.

1 I hope she remembers to send her parents an email.

2 Why is that woman staring at you?

3 We’ve only lived in this house for a month.

4 Peter has just caught the bus home.

5 Chantal has already won three skiing races.

Present tense review;


1 Correct the sentences. Two sentences are correct.

She can’t speak to you now because she works.

She can’t speak to you now because she’s working.

1 What book have you read at the moment?

2 How often do you go to concerts?

3 It’s already 9 o’clock and I didn’t text anyone yet!

4 I work in a café twice a week.

5 How often are you seeing your grandparents?

6 I can’t see Tom anywhere. Do you know where he’s been?

2 Complete the interview using present tenses of suitable verbs. Add between one and three words. Sometimes there may be more than one possible answer.

Interviewer How long have you been a wildlife photographer, Karen?

Karen Since I left college three years ago.

Interviewer your work?

Karen Yes! I’m lucky to have such an interesting job. I all over the world.

Interviewer How many different countries this year?

Karen I worked in Kenya in May, then New Zealand. And now I here in Brazil. I here for three weeks.

Interviewer What exactly in Brazil?

Karen I photos of wildlife in the Amazon rainforest.

Interviewer many animals?

Karen Oh, yes. I something new every day. I

thousands of photos already. Today, I saw a snake.

Interviewer A snake! Oh dear! Was it a dangerous one?

Karen Yes, it was extremely dangerous. to see a

photo of it? Look!

Interviewer Aaagh! It like a piece of wood.

8



Past tense contrast

1 Identify the verb tense of the bold words. Choose from past simple, past continuous and past perfect.

I spoke to my father on the phone earlier. past simple

1 I think Ana was playing tennis at 11 o’clock.

2 Nobody had been there before.

3 I didn’t get home until very late last night.

4 Who were you sitting with at the match?

5 By the end of the trip, I’d spent all my money.


When I arrived / had arrived home, my father helped me with my homework.

1 While I was walking home, I was losing / lost my mobile phone.

2 I got up, had breakfast and went / had gone to school.

3 My sister ran / was running through the park when she broke / was breaking her ankle.

4 While I was travelling / travelled around Italy, I met / had met a lot of interesting people.

5 When I had arrived / arrived at the sports centre, I realized I left / had left my trainers at home.

3 Choose A, B or C to complete the text.

At Easter, I went on a cycling trip with my friend, Paul. It was the first time we C anything like that and I was quite

. At first, we made good

much training and we were soon exhausted, so we our

bikes up a steep hill, a group of female cyclists overtook for lunch at a café. While

in, the female cyclists were leaving. They and they were setting off again!

A did B were doing C had done

1 A set off B were setting off C had set off

2 A didn’t have B weren’t having C hadn’t had

3 A got off B were getting off C had got off

4 A pushed B were pushing C had pushed

5 A stopped B were stopping C had stopped

6 A went B were going C had gone

7 A already ate B were already eating C had already eaten

4 Complete the sentences with the bold verbs. Use the verb tenses in brackets.

I didn’t know not know / past simpleclarinet in a jazz band.

1 We got the bus home after we spend / past perfect

the afternoon at the sports centre.

2 When I got home, I was very hungry because I not eat / past perfect

anything at lunchtime.

3 We watch / past continuoushome.

4 When we finally arrive / past simple

already started.

5 I not listen / past continuous we had to do.

used to / would


comics / used / when / younger / was / I / to / read / I

I used to read comics when I was younger.

1 use / in / listen to / didn’t / People / the 1960s / to / rap music

2 walk / I / to / would / school / every morning

3 be / There / a music shop / to / used / here

4 to / have / Did / piano / you / lessons / use / ?

5 Where / live / your parents / did / to / use / ?


When I was younger I used to / would love playing board games.

1 Did you visit / Did you use to visit any interesting places when you were in France last year?

2 My sister and I would spend / were spending hours climbing trees when we were kids.

3 When I used to be / was fifteen years old, I belonged to a martial arts club.

4 Where would you go / were you going for family holidays when you were a kid?

5 My dad used to play / played the guitar in a band, but he doesn’t any more.

6 I wouldn’t / didn’t use to like swimming, but now I go twice a week.

9



so I went out and tried to fix the tent on my own. While do

collapse spend

the rest of the night in the camp site showers!

4 Complete the dialogue with the words in the list.

used didn’t would walk use use to used todid we would used to be would help

Molly I used to live in this village when I was a child.

Sam Is your house still here?

Molly be number seventeen in this street, but it’s a shop now.

Sam go to the local school?

Molly a school here, but it closed in 2002. Now, children have to get the bus into town every day.

Sam you use to cycle to school?

Molly No, I didn’t need to because it wasn’t far from my there every morning

us walk

down the street and across a field. In those days, use to be many cars,

so it was quite safe.

Sam to live in the village in those days?

Molly Yes. Over 500, but now there are only 250 inhabitants.

5 Write sentences. Use the correct form of used to or would.

used to

We used to be in the same class.

used to

would

used to

4 I / spend / every summer at the seaside when I was a would

5 where / she / live / before she moved to Cardiff? used to

used to

used to

Past tense contrast; used to /

would

1 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple or past continuous form of the bold verbs.

I heard hear was reading readlast night.

1 It not snow we arrivefootball field.

2 While my friends enjoy themselves on the beach, I study

3 it / raingo

4 I was very tired and I fall travel

5 I buyI shop

2 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple or past perfect form of the bold verbs.

I was hungry, so I bought buy

1 They bean hour when I arrivehome.

2 She already leaveby the time I getfrom the concert.

3 By the time we arriveat the park, it startraining.

4 I not knowsend

week.

3 Complete the text with the correct form of the bold verbs. Use the past simple, past continuous or past perfect.

At half term, I went gonot be

camping before, so it was quite an adventure. We not have

borrowarrive

put up

expectwake upcome

rain sleep

10



5 I left my coat at home. I was very cold.

I because .

6 We queued to buy the tickets. Then we visited the exhibition.

After .

3 Write sentences with the opposite meaning using the correct form of used to or would. Sometimes there may be more than one possible answer.

We used to live in Spain.

We didn’t use to live in Spain.

1 She met him every day during that time.

2 I didn’t always play football twice a week.

3 Sheila had long hair when she was younger.

4 Max spent hours on the phone before he got a computer.

5 We never went out on school days.

6 My sister was afraid of flying when she was younger.

7 She had a dog last year.


1 After I’d eaten breakfast, I cycled into town.

2 I’d never seen Ana before we met at Jamie’s party last week.

3 What were you doing while the other students were in the library?

4 When I was a kid, I would spend hours playing in the garden.

5 This building used to be a hotel, but now it’s an office block.

6 She used to spend her summer holidays at her grandparents’ house.

Past tense contrast; used to /

would


I relaxed in the garden when I heard a loud crash in the street.

I was relaxing in the garden when I heard a loud crash in

the street.

1 They were excited about going to Los Angeles because they didn’t go to the USA before.

2 While I was waiting for the bus, it went past without stopping.

3 I was reading a great review of the film, so I was looking forward to seeing it.

4 Sean ran through the park when he fell and twisted his ankle.

5 I didn’t enjoy the trip to the art gallery because I thought the exhibition was boring.

6 While we were taking photographs, a policeman was asking us for our passports.

2 Rewrite the sentences. Use the past simple and the past perfect.

I ate breakfast. Then I went out and caught the bus.

When I had eaten breakfast, I went out and caught the bus.

1 Vicente visited New York. Then he went to Washington.

Vicente before .

2 My friend sent me a text message. Then she sent me an email.

After .

3 My friends went home. Then I arrived at the café.

My friends by the time .

4 I didn’t hear my alarm clock, so I missed the bus.

I because .

11



Modal perfects

4 Which pairs of sentences have the same meaning? Put a tick (✓) if they are the same or a cross (✗) if they are different.

They must have finished school by now.

They should have finished school by now. ✗

1 She might have forgotten his birthday.

She may have forgotten his birthday.

2 They could have gone to the cinema.

They must have gone to the cinema.

3 I could have left it on the bus.

I may have left it on the bus.

4 It can’t have disappeared.

It may have disappeared.

5 He should have gone to university.

He could have gone to university.

6 He couldn’t have come by train.

He shouldn’t have come by train.

7 We ought to have helped our parents.

We should have helped our parents.

5 Choose A, B or C to complete the sentences.

I feel sick! I A eaten so much chocolate.

A shouldn’t have B couldn’t have C must have

1 The road is very wet. It rained in the night.

A should have B may have C must have

2 The students are laughing. The teacher said something funny.

A could have B should have C can’t have

3 The man wasn’t wearing a uniform. He been a policeman.

A can’t have B mustn’t have C may not have

4 Dan took them to the station an hour before the train left. They missed it.

A mustn’t have B might not have C couldn’t have

5 My mum’s beautiful vase is broken. She thinks the cat knocked it over.

A should have B may have C can’t have

6 My dad has false teeth. He eaten so many sweets when he was younger.

A shouldn’t have B couldn’t have C mustn’t have

7 The hall was crowded with people, so he been there.

A mustn’t have B can’t have C might have

Modal verbs

1 Match sentences 1–5 to the explanations A–F.

She shouldn’t eat so much fast food. E

1 Sara might not live in Bristol for much longer.

2 She doesn’t have to revise this evening.

3 She must be at home.

4 Tim may have her phone number.

5 She can’t go out today.

A The exam isn’t until next week.

B I saw her bike outside her house.

C She isn’t very well.

D They’re close friends.

E It’s not very healthy.

F She said that she wants to move.


Liz / languages / How / can / speak / many / ?

How many languages can Liz speak?

1 into / mustn’t / exam room / take / Students / mobile phones / the

2 gym / Sarah / be / the / might / at

3 he / couldn’t / until / eight years old / Tom / read / was

4 class / eat / We / in / allowed / aren’t / to

5 university / might / to / I / year / go / next

6 they / sure / brothers / I’m / can’t / be

7 art project / have / to / We / Monday / hand in / don’t / the /until


I don’t know if I can go to the cinema. I may / could not have time.

1 I’m not sure where she is. She might / must be upstairs.

2 He hates football, so these might / can’t be his boots.

3 You mustn’t / don’t have to take a dictionary into the exam. It’s against the rules.

4 That boy looks exactly like Lisa. He must / can be her twin brother.

5 I’m sorry, but you aren’t allowed to / don’t have to sit here.

6 He should / could work harder if he wants to pass the exam.

7 I used to be embarrassed because I couldn’t / might not dance.

12



3 Complete the sentences with suitable modal verbs, using the clues in brackets to help you. Sometimes there may be more than one possible answer.

By the end of the course, you could ability

1 When I went to the USA for the first time, I understand anything people said. no ability

2 I’m not sure where Billy is. He be in possibility

3 You leave all your revision to the advice

4 The students wear a uniform at obligation

5 You take food into the library. It’s prohibition

6 Alright, you go out this evening if permission

7 He be a doctor. He didn’t go to certainty

4 Complete the second sentence with between two and five words so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence. Use the bold words.

He ought to do a vocational course.

He should do should

1 We needn’t hand in our maths homework until next week.

We hand in our maths have

2 It was a mistake not to go to the college open day last week.

We to the college open day should

3 Taking mobile phones into the exam room is prohibited.

You your mobile phone into take

4 It’s possible that I left my bag on the bus.

I suppose I my bag on the may

5 Complete the second sentence with a different modal verb from the first sentence so that it has a similar meaning.

He ought to work harder if he wants to go to university.

He should work harder if he wants to go to university.

1 I may have left my keys at home.

I

2 Anne could have gone home already.

Anne

3 Students aren’t allowed to take food into the library.

Students

Modal verbs; modal perfects

1 Circle the modal verb which is not possible.

The test must / may / should have been difficult because nobody got good marks.

1 Peter could / has to / should study medicine because he’s excellent at science.

2 Sunday is my favourite day because I don’t have to / mustn’t / needn’t get up early.

3 Simon may not / can’t / mustn’t drive the car because he hasn’t got a driving licence.

4 I haven’t seen her today. She might / should / could be ill.

5 We were sitting at the back, so we couldn’t / weren’t able to / might not hear the speaker.

6 Students must / have to / can be quiet in the library.

7 I didn’t have to / mustn’t / didn’t need to study last night.

2 Complete the email with the words in the list.

can’t have can must had to should have ’ll be able couldn’t shouldn’t

Hi Clara,

Thanks for your email. You must be relieved that

your exams are over and you (1)

now relax and enjoy yourself for a few weeks. I

don’t believe you when you say you’ve failed. You

(2) done badly because you

worked so hard! You (3) worry

so much!

As you know, we’re moving to China in October.

I’ve had Mandarin lessons for six months, but

it’s a very difficult language and I don’t think I

(4) to say very much when I get

there! I (5) started classes last

year at the same time as my brother did. He’s really

good now.

I’m sorry I didn’t see you at Jim’s barbecue last week,

but I (6) go because my parents

were out that evening and I (7)

look after my little sister.

That’s all for now. I’ll phone you when I get home.

Tina

13



3 It’s possible that my brother will ask Sally to marry him.

My brother

4 It’s against the rules for students to arrive late for the exam.

Students

5 I’m sure it wasn’t Ben because he’s gone abroad.

It

6 I’m sure you passed the exam because you worked hard.

You

4 Write explanations for these situations. Use modal verbs and the bold words.

stay up

He must have stayed up late last night.

work

exercise

hurt

lose

ill

results

tourists


1 You don’t have to take the exam this year.

2 I couldn’t answer all the exam questions.

3 He must work harder if he wants to do well.

4 You should have stayed in last night.

5 He must have been very disappointed.

6 They might have missed the bus.

7 You mustn’t ride your bike on the pavement.

Modal verbs; modal perfects

1 Complete the sentences with suitable modal verbs. Sometimes there may be more than one possible answer.

You must improve your Spanish if you intend to study at Madrid University.

1 You be good at maths to study IT. It isn’t essential.

2 I think you apply for a place at college next year.

3 When I was younger, I go to boarding school because my parents lived abroad.

4 He be very clever because he’s studying physics at university.

5 I’m sure humans to travel to Mars one day.

6 I’m sorry, but you go into your class now. There’s an exam.

7 Students talk during the exam. It isn’t allowed.

2 Complete the dialogue with suitable modal perfect forms and the verbs in the list. Sometimes there may be more than one possible answer.

pass be take leave stop be

A Did you know that Toby failed all his final law exams?

B Your parents can’t have been very pleased about that!

A No, they weren’t happy at all. They think he easily, but he didn’t do

any work.

B Didn’t he have an evening job in a restaurant?

A working at least a month before the exams.

B disappointed.

A the law course because it didn’t interest him. Now he says he wants to be a chef.

B He didn’t have to go to university to do that. He school and become

an apprentice chef.

A That’s what he intends to do now.

3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning. Use suitable modal verbs. Sometimes there may be more than one possible answer.

It’s possible that he’s Brazilian.

He could / may / might be Brazilian.

1 It wasn’t a good idea to play video games all night.

You

2 There’s no obligation for you to wear a suit.

You

14



Non-defining relative clauses

4 Underline the relative clauses and write whether they are defining (D) or non-defining (N).

Amy, who doesn’t speak any Spanish at all, is going to live in Mexico. N

1 The website which you told me about is really fascinating.

2 I’ve just watched the DVD that you gave me.

3 Charles Dickens, who is my favourite author, wrote Oliver Twist.

4 The hotel where we stayed in New York was called the Radisson.

5 He comes from a small town in Australia, where my mum grew up.

6 Sean Connery, who was born in Scotland, played James Bond.

7 I visited the castle where they made the Harry Potter films.


Emma Watson, who / whose is English, played Hermione in the Harry Potter films.

1 My favourite music is reggaeton, which / where originated in the Caribbean.

2 Wellington, where / that Peter Jackson made the Lord of the Rings films, is in New Zealand.

3 In May, which / when the festival takes place, it’s very warm and sunny in Cannes.

4 My brother, who / that is crazy about cinema, is making a film at school.

5 My sister, who / whose idol is Robert Pattinson, has got all the Twilight DVDs.

6 Complete the sentences with the relative pronouns and adverbs in the list.

whose where who when which whosewhich

My new e-book reader, which I bought from the supermarket, is already broken.

1 Jane Austen, wrote six novels, lived in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

2 The neighbours, cat I am looking after, are on holiday in France.

3 The hotel next to the beach, we stayed last year, has closed down.

4 In summer, there are a lot of tourists, the town is very crowded.

5 Kim, dad is from Tokyo, speaks Japanese fluently.

6 Skiing, is popular in my country, is my favourite sport.

Defining relative clauses

1 Match the sentence halves.

A cinema is a place G

1 New Zealand is the country

2 Steven Spielberg is the director

3 Hollywood Boulevard is a street

4 February or March are the months

5 I don’t like films

6 Toy Story 1 was the first film

A when they usually hold the Oscars ceremony.

B which have unhappy endings.

C where you can see footprints of film stars.

D which used entirely computer-generated images.

E where they made the Lord of the Rings films.

F who made Jurassic Park and War Horse.

G where we watch the latest films.


in / who / the actor / Slumdog Millionaire / He’s / starred

He’s the actor who starred in Slumdog Millionaire.

1 a person / An author / is / writes / who / books

2 dangerous scenes / in / Stunt artists / actors / stars / replace / are / who

3 he / an Oscar / won / the director / whose / Is / last year / film / ?

4 like / a lot of / which / action / I / films / have got / only

5 go / when / Saturday / I / the day / to the cinema / is / usually

6 the restaurant / This / saw / where / I / Brad Pitt / is

3 Cross out the relative pronoun in the sentences if it is not necessary.

Is this the DVD which your brother bought yesterday?

1 We usually go to a cinema which is in the town centre.

2 The students who arrived late must do extra homework.

3 What’s the name of the first film that Spielberg directed?

4 This is the book that we’re studying in class at the moment.

5 The best special effects that I’ve ever seen were in the film Avatar.

6 He’s the director who made The Artist.

15



3 Complete the text with the relative pronouns and adverbs in the list.

which when whose where who whichwho

One of the best films which I’ve seen recently is The Artist. The director of The Artist is called Michel Hazanavicius, is French. The film,

won five Oscars, tells the story of the end of the silent film era. The story is set in Hollywood

directors first started making films with sound – called ‘talkies’.

Filming of The Artist took place in Los Angeles, most of the original silent movies

used to be made. Jean Dujardin plays George Valentin, a career is coming

to an end because he refuses to act in talkies. Bérénice

admires Valentin and tries to help him.

4 Complete the sentences with the phrases in the list. Add a relative pronoun or adverb and commas where necessary.

are very long has a very old castle I met my boyfriend mum is a writer a lot of celebrities stay is married to an Italian

My teacher, who is married to an Italian, is going to live in Rome next year.

1 Steve is a good friend of mine.

2 2012 was the year .

3 I don’t like films .

4 Edinburgh is a great place to visit.

5 The hotel is on the coast.

5 Rewrite the sentences with non-defining relative clauses.

John can get cheap film festival tickets. His mother works for a film company.

John, whose mother works for a film company, can get

cheap film festival tickets.

1 My friend Annie is coming to stay for the weekend. She lives in Manchester.

2 The Palace cinema is closing next month. I often go there with my friends.

3 The concert tickets arrived yesterday. I bought them on the internet.

Defining and non-defining

relative clauses

1 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns or adverbs. Sometimes no relative pronoun is necessary.

It was a great day when our film won the school video prize.

1 My cousin has met the director made The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo.

2 Sam has a new girlfriend name is Karen.

3 These are the famous studios Hitchcock made Vertigo.

4 The last film I saw was The Ghost Writer.

5 Last weekend, I visited a friend father is a well-known writer.

6 In my opinion, the film has the best special effects is Avatar.

7 The film I saw on Saturday was so boring that I fell asleep.

8 She’s the girl visited Australia last year.

2 Rewrite the sentences with defining relative clauses.

I’ve got a friend. She wants to go to drama school and become an actress.

I’ve got a friend who wants to go to drama school and

become an actress.

1 She’s the actress. She’s in a lot of Pedro Almodóvar’s films.

2 That’s the house. I used to live there when I was younger.

3 He’s the French director. His film won five Oscars in 2012.

4 That’s the boy. Chloë met him in New York.

5 What’s the name of that place in India? They make films there.

6 That’s the girl. Her mother is an actress.

7 This is the book. It belongs to your brother.

8 Henning Mankell is a Swedish writer. He writes detective novels.

16



3 Complete the text with relative pronouns and adverbs. Sometimes no relative pronoun is necessary.

I’m having an amazing holiday in Los Angeles. On Thursday, I went on a day trip which included a guided tour of Hollywood and Beverly Hills. The tour was with a professional guide

knew exactly where to go. We drove a lot of film looked like

Julia Roberts. She was wearing dark glasses and a scarf was hiding her face, so I wasn’t sure

if it was her. Afterwards, we visited the Paramount studios a lot of famous films were made.

face seemed familiar, was coming out. At the time, I

he was. Afterwards, I’d

seen was Johnny Depp, star of the Pirates of the Caribbean favourite actor

is Johnny Depp, was horrified because I didn’t get his autograph!

Sadly, my holiday is nearly over because Sunday is the day I fly home. I’ve got one last day I plan to spend on Malibu Beach.

a lot of stars go, so I may get lucky and see someone famous.

4 Correct the punctuation in the sentences. Which relative pronoun is not necessary?

Film stars, who perform their own stunts sometimes have accidents.

Film stars who perform their own stunts sometimes

have accidents.

1 This is the film, which won the Palme d’Or at the Cannes film festival last year.

2 The films, that I watch, are not the same as those my parents enjoy.

3 The early 1920s when only silent films existed was a great time for the cinema.

4 Charlie Chaplin who was originally from England made all his films in the USA.

Defining and non-defining

relative clauses


I think she’s the girl who brother is a film stuntman.

I think she’s the girl whose brother is a film stuntman.

1 The director I most admire is James Cameron.

2 The festival, that attracts thousands of people, lasts for a week.

3 I remember the day when I went to the cinema for the very first time.

4 Wellington in New Zealand is they make the special effects for a lot of films these days.

5 Let’s find a café stays open late.

6 Meryl Streep, whose played the main character in The Iron Lady, won an Oscar.

7 She’s the woman plays the main character in the Twilight films.

2 Rewrite the sentences with defining or non-defining relative clauses.

I’ve got a friend. She wants to be an actress.

I’ve got a friend who wants to be an actress.

1 It was a great day. She received the ‘Best Actress’ Oscar.

2 Jean Dujardin won an Oscar in 2012. He stars in The Artist.

3 My cousin Tim wants to be a film producer. He’s studying in London.

4 Last weekend, I visited a friend. Her father is a writer.

5 These are the famous film studios. A lot of Indian films are made here.

6 What’s the name of that talented young actress? She appears in Twilight.

7 In December, I often go to the cinema. It is cold and wet.

17



4 Complete the sentences using the bold words. Use the verb tense in brackets.

Hurry up! We’re going to be be / future with

1 They go / present continuous

2 sign / future with

3 The government says it create / future with

young people.

4 We run / future with

5 The protest march not change / future with

6 There isn’t any food left. I go / future with

Future continuous and future

perfect


This time tomorrow, we will be sitting / will have sat in the sun.

1 At the end of July, we will be leaving / will have left school.

2 By 2050, a lot of rare animals will be becoming / will have become extinct.

3 I’m afraid I can’t go with you this afternoon. At 4 o’clock, I’ll be playing / ’ll have played football.

4 They always have lunch at 1 o’clock, so they will be finishing / will have finished by 2 o’clock.

5 I won’t be at home tomorrow. I will be taking / will have taken part in a protest march.

6 We will be eating / will have eaten less meat in 20 years’ time.

7 This time next year, they will be living / will have lived in Australia.

6 Complete the sentences with the bold verbs. Use the future continuous or future perfect.

This time next week, Joe will be cycling from London to cycle

1 I all these irregular verbs learn

2 By this time tomorrow, we finish

3 This time next week, I on lie

4 By the time they get home, they visit

Future forms

1 Match sentences 1–6 with the replies A–G.

Look at those dark clouds! E

1 Have you made any plans for the summer?

2 I don’t really want to go on my own.

3 What do you think of artificial meat?

4 Sorry, but I have to go now.

5 You’re making a terrible mess.

6 I forgot to send Jim an email about the meeting.

A Are you meeting Janet?

B I don’t think it will solve the food problem.

C I’ll tidy up when I’ve finished.

D Will you remember to tell him that it’s on Friday?

E Yes, it’s going to rain.

F I’m going to stay with my grandparents in Canada.

G I’ll come with you, then.

2 Match the replies A–G from exercise 1 with the future uses.

B will for predictions

1 will for a decision

2 will for a promise

3 will for a request

4 going to for a prediction based on evidence

5 going to for a plan

6 present continuous for an arrangement


buy / Maria / to / a bicycle / going / is

Maria is going to buy a bicycle.

1 meeting / Steve / We / this afternoon / are

2 fail / John / I’m / the exam / sure / will

3 will / extinct / Tigers / one day / become

4 in / replace / What / will / oil / energy / the future / ?

5 going / It / today / rain / isn’t / to

6 you / I / come / won’t / with

7 going / Where / you / to / are / stay / ?

18



3 Write sentences using suitable future forms.

Sheila / probably / not go / to university

Sheila probably won’t go to university.

1 It / be / hot / on Sunday

2 We / meet / Joe and Sam / for lunch / tomorrow

3 This time next week / I / fly / to Canada

4 By September / I hope / I / find / a job

5 I promise / I / not start / until you arrive

6 What / you / do / when you leave school?

7 I / help / you / carry / your suitcase

4 Rewrite the sentences with the future continuous or future perfect form of the bold verbs.

finish

By the end of June, I’ll have finished my exams.

leave

By January, Sam .

arrive

At 4 o’clock, we .

wait

When you arrive, my cousin .

finish

By the time I go to bed, I this book.

5 I’ve got an exam between 2 o’clock and 4 o’clock take

At 3 o’clock tomorrow, I an exam.

sit

At 4.30 tomorrow, I on the plane.

go

In August, my brother to Canada.

mend

By the end of tomorrow, I my bike.

Future forms; future continuous

and future perfect

1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the list. Use will or be going to.

be close turn sign lend put becomeapply

I’m going to apply for a job as a volunteer in the national park next summer.

1 ‘ you our petition against climate change, please?’

‘Yes, of course.’

2 Do you think it cold tomorrow?

3 ‘Oh dear! I’ve forgotten my bus pass.’

‘Don’t worry. I you some money to buy a ticket.’

4 They say that a lot of endangered species extinct in the next decade.

5 A builder solar panels on the roof of our house next week.

6 I’ve got some good news! The local council the rubbish dump next

month.

7 ‘Your music is too loud.’

‘Sorry. I it down.’

2 Complete the dialogue using the bold words. Use will, be going to or the present continuous.

A Are you going to take you / takeprotest march on Saturday?

B staywith my grandparents this weekend.

A That’s a shame. The organizers hope it be

beover 2,000 people.

B Wow! That’s a lot of people. My absence not make

you / do

attendabout the summer music festival. They’re looking for volunteers.

A That sounds really interesting! not do

come

B meetyou outside the hall at 6 o’clock.

A OK, see you then!

19



3 Complete the text. Use the future continuous or future perfect forms of the verbs in the list.

buy do earn find finish get have leavelive marry

In five years’ time, I will have finished my education. university where a degree in genetics.

a job in genetic

some interesting research work. It’s possible that in a big city and a good salary. If so, I’m

my own flat. I also the girl of my

children by then.

4 Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence. Use the bold words.

will

I think he will arrive for lunch.

think

I this evening.

be

They all weekend.

write

By the time I go home, I this essay.

4 There’s a meeting this evening. Tom has decided to go. attend

Tom the meeting this evening.

going

He over the weekend.


By this time tomorrow, I will be finishing my art project.

By this time tomorrow, I will have finished my art project.

1 Maybe we aren’t losing the football match on Saturday.

2 Please are you going to help me carry these boxes?

3 It looks like it will rain. I’ll take my umbrella.

4 I’m not forgetting to phone you tonight.

5 I hope that scientists are finding a cure for cancer soon.

6 My plane is leaving at 6 o’clock in the morning.

Future forms; future continuous

and future perfect

1 Complete the mini dialogues with suitable future forms.

‘Did anyone call while I was out?’

‘Yes, Kate left you a message. She isn’t going to yoga tonight.’

1 ‘Do you want to come shopping with me? a new jacket.’

tennis at 6 o’clock.’

2 ‘Sophie always works very hard.’

really good marks in her exam.’

anywhere special for your summer holiday?’

two weeks with our grandparents.’

4 ‘Look at those black clouds.’

a very big storm.’

5 ‘I’ve got toothache.’

you an appointment at the dentist’s.’

at the weekend?’

part in the protest march tomorrow.’

‘Oh! I’d forgotten that was happening. with you.’

2 Complete the questions for the answers using the bold words. Use suitable future forms.

‘Are you doing you

‘Only in the morning. I’m free after that.’

1 ‘Do you think this rain

‘I don’t think so. The weather forecast is good.’

2 ‘What time tomorrow leave

‘About 8 o’clock. My train leaves at 10 o’clock.’

3 ‘What Dan for his get

‘I don’t know what to get him.’

4 ‘Do you think there a lot of be

‘Yes. A lot of people are interested in renewable energy.’

5 ‘ us as soon as you arrive, phone

‘Yes, I promise.’

20

1 Find words in the text that mean:

paragraph B

paragraph B

paragraph B

paragraph C

paragraph D

2 Answer the questions with the names Susan, Anni, Bill and Sussy.

Who …

1 … plays a musical instrument?

2 … used social networking sites? and

3 … wanted to be alone when they used media technology? and

4 … continued to chat to her friends from home after the experiment started?

5 … spent more time in a public building after the experiment started?

3 Read the text again and choose the correct alternatives.

1 Susan’s family has / hasn’t always done things together.

2 Susan didn’t like her children’s online friends / the way the family used media technology.

3 Sussy and Anni reacted in the same / a different way to the experiment.

4 The experiment was a success from / wasn’t a success at the beginning.

5 Susan thinks we can / can’t live without media technology in the modern world.


Unplugged

A Susan Maushart’s three teenage children are relaxing at home in Perth, Australia. Fifteen-year-old Bill is playing his saxophone. Fourteen-year-old Sussy and eighteen-year-old Anni are playing a board game in the same room. Ask the three of them how they prefer to spend their free time, and they will tell you that it is by doing things together. However, it has not always been like that.

B Six months earlier, the family spent their time in a very different way. Sussy and Anni constantly updated their social networking pages and chatted online to classmates and acquaintances. Bill shut himself off in his bedroom with his video games. Susan also disappeared with her laptop to write ‘crucial’ emails. They lived in the same house but spent their free time with their online friends instead of talking to each other. Susan was not happy about the situation, so she took a very unpopular decision. All the media technology in the house would be unplugged – for six months!

C At first, things didn’t go to plan. Sussy became addicted to the ‘old’ landline telephone to keep in contact with her friends. However, Bill soon adapted to the situation: he learnt how to play the saxophone and, eventually, sold his games computer. Anni sometimes needed to use a computer to do homework, so she used the computers at the local library. With time, the two sisters also began to appreciate the benefits of chatting with the family after meals and playing board games together. In addition, Sussy started doing much better at school.

D After six months, the experiment was over. Susan says that it is not realistic for people who live in the modern world not to use media technology. However, all the family agree that they will not let it take over their lives again.

Unit 1 Culture

82

Unit 2 Culture



paragraph A

paragraph C

3 a quality that makes somebody or something paragraph C

paragraph D

paragraph D

2 Read the text and write true or false for sentences 1–5. Correct the false sentences.

1 Jamal uploaded a video of his neighbourhood to the internet.

2 The success of his first video gave Jamal the idea for a new activity.

3 The quality of the videos on SB.TV is the same as when the station started.

4 SB.TV is not just for fans of grime music.

5 Jamal sold SB.TV to Sony.

3 Read the text again and answer the questions. Use your own words and complete sentences.

1 What were Jamal’s two hobbies when he was sixteen?

2 Why were Jamal’s grime videos successful?

3 Why did Jamal decide to create his own TV station?

4 What did Jamal do to increase the number of people who watch SB.TV?

5 How many people now work for Jamal?

Working for a hobby

A When sixteen-year-old Jamal Edwards received a video camera for Christmas, he did not realize that it was going to have such an amazing impact on his life. At first, Jamal looked around his neighbourhood for things to film and, one day, made a video of foxes in his garden in Acton, west London. Jamal uploaded his video of the foxes to the internet and was astonished to see that it had received 1,000 visits. He realized that he could combine his love of filming with his other great passion: grime music.

B Grime is a type of hip-hop music that started in London. It used to be impossible to find grime artists on TV, so Jamal started filming them. He filmed them performing in the street, in cars and at concerts, and he did what he had done with his video of the foxes: he uploaded them to the internet. At the time, there was a growing army of grime fans desperate to see and hear their favourite artists in action, so the videos became an instant success.

C When Jamal saw that thousands of people were watching and downloading his videos, he decided to create his own online TV station, SB.TV. At first, he just showed grime music videos, but he soon added live concerts and interviews with musicians, and he started using more sophisticated filming equipment. He also decided to increase the channel’s appeal by including a greater variety of videos and interviews with musicians who perform different types of music.

D Now, at the age of 22, Jamal employs twelve people and SB.TV is visited by millions of viewers. He also works with a national British TV channel and has just signed a deal with Sony to create a recording company. Not bad for a hobby that started with a Christmas present!

83

Unit 4 Culture



1 objects that are worn as personal decoration paragraph A

2 a plan of how to spend an amount of money over a paragraph B

3 enjoyable and expensive things that a person doesn’t paragraph B

4 the money that you make when you sell something for paragraph C

5 products connected with a popular film or TV series paragraph C

2 Read the text and write true or false for sentences 1–5. Correct the false sentences.

1 Companies needed permission to make Twilight jewellery and other products.

2 A good director costs more money than a famous actor.

3 Film studios only make money from ticket sales.

4 As soon as a film finishes at the cinema, you can see it on TV.

5 There are different opinions about what a great film is.

3 Read the text again and answer the questions. Use your own words and complete sentences.

1 What are the positive and negative points of having a famous actor in a film?

2 What extra things do famous actors expect while working on a film?

3 Why does the article mention the film Spider-Man 2?

4 How did films such as Toy Story 3, the Cars series and the Harry Potter series make a lot of money?

Cinema’s biggest star: money!

A What is the link between a lipstick, a calendar and jewellery? The answer is the Twilight films. These are just some of the products made by companies that paid film studios for the rights to use images from the film series. Film-making is very expensive, so studios look for as many ways as possible to make money. But what do studios spend their money on?

B If a film is going to succeed, it needs a good director, and they cost from $5 to $10 million per film. Casting famous actors as the main characters can also help a film to do well, but this makes a big hole in a film’s budget. Top actors expect salaries of up to $30 million, with extra money for ‘essential’ luxuries such as a five-star hotel suite during filming. Film production is also incredibly expensive. The special effects for the superhero film Spider-Man 2 cost an amazing $65 million!

C So how do film studios make a profit? In most cases, films make money from ticket sales at the box office. This is followed by DVD and internet sales, which are the only way of seeing the film outside the cinema for several months after its release. And the moment a film reaches the cinemas, the merchandising begins. In recent years, films such as Toy Story 3, the Cars series and the Harry Potter series have made more money from merchandising than from ticket sales.

D So while film fans talk about the quality of a film’s plot, the director’s skills or the actors’ performances, for the film-makers there are more important considerations. Has the film made enough money to repay the enormous investment that has gone into making it? Will it make a profit so the studio can go on to make more films? Without doubt, for the studios, a great film is a film that makes a lot of money.

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