development of security starting system for vehicles based

Development of Security Starting System for

Vehicles Based on IoT

TUYISENGE Jean Claude

African Center of Excellence in Internet of Things

University of Rwanda-College of Science and Technology

Kigali, Rwanda

[email protected]

IRADUKUNDA Jean Paul

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Rwanda Polytechnics-Integrated Polythechics Regional College

Musanze, Rwanda

[email protected]

ISHIMWE Viviane



Kigali.Rwanda

[email protected]

MUKANYILIGIRA Didacienne



Kigali, Rwanda

[email protected]

Abstract— The transportation system is

becoming tremendously important in today’s

human activities and the number of urban

vehicles grows rapidly. The vehicle theft also

has become a shared concern for all vehicle

owners. However, the present anti-theft system

which maybe high reliable, lack of proper

mechanism for preventing theft before it

happens. This work proposes the internet of

things based smart vehicle security staring

system; efficient security provided to the

vehicle owners relies on securing car ignition

system by using a developed android

application running on smart phone connected

to the designed system installed in vehicle.

With this system it is non- viable to access the

vehicle’s functional system in case the ignition

key has been stolen or lost. It gives the drivers

the ability to stay connected with their vehicle.

Whenever the ignition key is stolen or lost, it is

impossible to start the vehicle as the ignition

system is still locked on the vehicle start and

only the authorized person will be able to start

the vehicle at convenient time with the

combination of ignition key and smart phone

application. This study proposes to design the

system that uses node MCU, Bluetooth low

energy (BLE), transistors, power relays and

android smartphone in system testing. In

addition, it is cost effective and once installed

in the vehicle there is no more cost of

maintenance.

Keywords— Internet of things (IOT), Smart

vehicle, security system, vehicle emergency

starting, car ignition system.

I. INTRODUCTION

Nowadays people tend to own the

expensive and luxary vehicles and move any

where and any time in the world, even in the place

that they are not aware of it. However, the security

and safety of their vehicles is a major consern

since often unauthorized people can access the car

or thieves are used to steal them by driving or

lifting them away[1]. When this sad situation of

theft happens three things emerge: First, the car

might be lost completely, secondly the issues of

insurance related to fraud rise and lastly it might

be highly damaged.

This survey is aimed to develop security

starting system for vehicles using IoT. The exiting

studies have been carried out to implement

vehicles security and safety using different

technologies that use Global Positioning

System/Global system for mobile

Communication (GPS/GSM) for vehicle

localation and Radio frequency identification

RFID for secure starting. [2] A real time

biometrics technology [3], IP camera

technology[4] and zigbee technology[5] are also

systems used to secure and monitor the vehicles

once they are stolen. This paper come up with

enhanced system starting of vehicles that does not

allow any unautorized person to even start the car

whenever he/she does not have full access from

the car owner instead of localazing vehicles after

it has been stolen, furthermore it will use IoT low

power devices and less in cost compared to the

above mentioned solutions which make this

system efficient for users to afford.

2021 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)

978-1-6654-2870-5/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE 506

The system has to be installed in the

vehicle and get activated. In case of unautorize

access or theft attempt to open the car door and

start the engine whithout the owner’s permission,

automatically the engine will be immobilized

througth the ignition system, and will not allow

any other person to start the vehicle unless you

have the application installed in smart phone that

will help in car starting, the major advantages of

this system is to prevent the vehicle theft before it

happens therefore the owner or other specific

intity will be notified througth alarm each time the

thieft try to start the engine with stolen or hacked

ignition key, therefore the help of sound alert to

notifier the vehicles owner or neighbor.

. This study is organized into seven main sections. Section I is the introduction, that describes the context of this research, the overview of the problem to be solved, the relevance of this project, the Approach/proposed solution and the research organization. This section is preceded by an abstract. Section II describes the review of the related literature, section III describes the hardware design model that show how the system is wired and the interaction of different components. Section IV describes software design, it show how the objects are arranged with application interface, section V shows the prototype model implementation, then followed section VI describe the testing model after real deployment and last section is about conclusion.

II. RELATED WORK

The literature survey conducted, shows

that many researches done for the security system

of vehicle for theft avoidance. Updated

technological developments have been studied

and demonstrated in this section. It was found that

people worked for GSM, GPS, RFID, Biometric

technology, Mechanical and electrical technology

IoT. All these anti-vehicle modules are readily

available in for vehicles. This approach aims to

design a cost-effective anti-theft vehicle starting

system based on IoT; this is made by using phone

application to help in the control of ignition

system and prevent the unauthorized people to

access the car unless they possess both ignition

key and application to allow vehicle starting. The

system alarm also has been used to worn the car

owner if one tries to use only ignition keys.

The development of ECU Based Starting

for Automobiles V.M.Murugesan [6]et.al

proposed a mechanical and electric device relating

to efficiency, safety to passenger car start and

process based on integrated control method by

electronic control unit (ECU). They have studied

the behavior of lead battery acid or recent

Absorbent Glass Material battery (AGM) by

measuring peak current including cold cranking

ampere (CCA). An approach has been made to

develop electronic based starting system to reduce

the internal resistance of the battery due to

overloading failure of mechanical components of

starter motor and pitting of electrical contacts of

solenoids switch.

Automatic car theft detection system

based on GPS and GSM technology S.Singh [7]

et.al implemented an automotive security system

for anti-theft using and embedded system

integrated with GPS and GSM. The system had

two types of tracking, the first is online tracking

with GPS and can only receive information about

vehicle location from satellites. The second is

offline tracking where the GSM installed in the

vehicle sends vehicle information to the owner of

the vehicle. The owner of the GSM mobile can

take preventive measures like engine ignition

cutoff, lock or unlock the vehicle with the help of

SMS.

Biometric car security and monitoring

system using IoT K. Srianusha [8] et.al worked on

the system to solve the issue of car keys that can

be compelled to be carried and issues caused by

losing or misplacing the keys. They did it by

employing a finger print vehicle starter. Users

initially registers by scanning their fingerprints.

They have used AT mega 328 microcontroller, the

ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, the fingerprint detector,

the Liquid crista display, pushbuttons and starting

motor, the system uses IoT to update the vehicle

information using a web application.

Design and implementation of

microcontroller based anti-theft vehicle security

system using GPS, GSM and RFID E.X.S.Hossan

and V. Pgdgxo [2], have developed an anti-theft

vehicle security to mitigate the problem of vehicle

stealing. The system consists of a PIC16F876A

microcontroller, fingerprint, RFID, GPS-GSM

and a tilt sensor. RFID or fingerprint or even

password can be used to start the car there by


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avoiding unauthorized person to open the

vehicle’s door. Any breaking of the window or the

door of the vehicle is detected by the tilt sensor. A

message containing the car’s location is availed

via GPS-GSM module. The connection to the fuel

injector of the car is deactivated to prevent

unauthorized start of the vehicle anyhow.

A. Industry[9] has implemented a vehicle

security system using biometric system to prevent

the issue of vehicle hijacking or car theft due to

easy access to vehicle’s functional system.

Biometric system uses information about a person

by relying on specific data about unique

biological trait so as to work effectively. The

system involves running data through algorithms

for a particular result, usually related to a positive

identification of a user or other individuals.

Z.liu [11] designed an IoT system that

provides all-round active service for the owners.

The system is controlled by RFID module to

switch ON and OFF.

Vibration sensors and piezoelectric infrared

sensors are mounted inside the vehicle to be

triggered if the car is stolen. GSM module sent

location information of the vehicle obtained by

the vehicle anti-theft tracking system based on

GPS module to the owner of mobile phone. They

have developed an android software to be used in

the user’s mobile phone which is acting as a

mobile terminal.

B.G.Girish [10] et.al planned a keen

vehicle security framework using IoT by turning

a standard vehicle security frameworks to a

shrewed vehicle security framework. They have

used RFID, GPS, GSM, and Remote

correspondence, cloud organizing and fluffy

calculation that is utilized for choice tree. The

savvy framework was for giving vehicle data such

as position, time and alert dedicated to the car’s

owner by either using SMS or by utilizing

versatile application.

III. PROPOSED HARDWARE DESIGN MODEL

The following figure (fig.1), illustrate the architectural design of the proposed solution to the problem.

Fig. 1. Architectural model of proposed solution


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The system consists of several components:

1. Node MCU

2. Bluetooth low energy

3. Electronic seren

4. MOSFET transistor

5. Vehicle power relays switch

Node MCU is an open-source Lua based firmware and development board specially targeted for IoT based Applications. It includes firmware that runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module, with this project it is used to collect data from the sensors and evaluates these data to for decision making.

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a low power wireless communication technology that can be used over a short distance to enable smart devices to communicate, in this project the devices is used to connect the wired starting system with the smartphone's application developed, different build-in functions are used to send different commands to activate the security starting system before using ignition key for real time vehicles starting.

Vehicle relay is an electronically operated switch. The type most commonly used in the automotive industry is an electro-mechanically operated switch. They are found in all types of vehicles - cars, trucks, vans, trailers and boats. They employ an electromagnet device to mechanically manoeuvre a switch to make or break an electrical circuit. The type of relay most frequently used in the automotive industry is the small cube shaped unit known as a standard relay or a mini relay. In this project high-current relays are because they provide increased safety connections and disconnections of vehicle batteries, start-stop systems, high-performance electrical systems with voltages up to 48V and currents up to 200A. The high-current relays are compact and provide high-current switching capabilities.

The MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) transistor is a semiconductor device that is widely used for switching purposes and for the amplification of electronic signals in electronic devices. A MOSFET is either a core or integrated circuit where it is designed and fabricated in a single chip because the device is available in very small sizes. MOSFETs IRF064 model are used in this project for amplification purpose due to the power relays discussed above requires high switching current.

IV. SOFTWARE DESIGN

The control of the starting system requires

a mobile application with dedicated function to

enable the system starting of the car, through this

we have developed android application using MIT

App Inventor which is an intuitive, visual

programming environment that allows everyone

to build fully functional apps for smartphones and

tablets. This designed software in not customable

i.e. each vehicle cannot use the same software as

the different command may vary from the vehicle

to vehicle depend on the developer and also the

system code already programed in node MCU, the

following figure, (Fig1,2) show the designed

software using MIT app invertor.

Figure. 2. Software design phase

Figure. 3. Vehicle security starting software

The designed software present different

functions required for vehicle staring. For vehicle

to start an internal combustion engine requires (i)

a combustible mixture, (ii) compression stroke,

(Hi) a form of ignition, and (iv) the minimum

initial starting speed (about 100 rpm) in order to


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start and continue running, to meet the first three

of these requirements the minimum starting speed

must be attained [6], this is where the electric

starter comes in.

The control of the above requirement, the

ignition switch must be present in feed the battery

power in its output contact to activate the main

electrical systems for the vehicles. The

application will allow those electrical system to

connect to the power after the ignition key

inserted in ignition switch. Thus the five button

command are developed within the application

realize all those different functions as the ignition

have like 4 position to which the key can rotate.

There will be a starter On/Off button to control

starter motor, fuel On/Off to control an Injection

Pump which is the device that pumps fuel into the

cylinders of a diesel engine, there is also ignition

On/Off for All the electronic accessories come

active when you turn on the ignition switch in this

mode.

With the Window On/Off position is going

to be controlled through that wind button to allow

the users to who may sometime forget their

ignition keys inside the car, but this option is

applicable to some particular modern car with

electrically controlled window. The last position

is the lock used for car locking, with this position

the steering wheel or other accessories it remains

locked and it cannot move in any position.

The overall working flow of the system part

interact is explained within the following

flowchart.

Figure. 5. Working flow diagram

V. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

The system prototype indicated below

shows all connections necessary to start the car,

there is starter that designed to start the vehicle

engine, the fuel pump used to pump the fuel along

a pipe from the tank and mixed with air in the

carburetor, from which the engine sucks in the

mixture. There is also the ignition switch used in

the control system of a motor vehicle that

activates the main electrical systems for the

vehicle.

Figure. 1. Full implemented prototype on the board

The combination of this circuit operate as

follow, before to use ignition key to start the

vehicle you have to be connected to Bluetooth low

power device first via your smart phone, then you

can switch on all necessary vehicle components to

start by switching the module relay that are

installed on electronics circuit board. Then the

user will be able to start the car by using ignition

key all necessary vehicle device will get the power

and the vehicle will be able start. In contrast once

the phone is not around the user will not be able

to start the car even if he/she has the ignition key,

and this will prevent the vehicle to move in case

the ignition key was stolen or lost.

VI. TESTING AND RESULTS

For an internal combustion engine to start and keep on working under normal condition it must fulfill a set of requirements which are the following: Combustible mixture, Compression stroke as discussed early .A form of ignition, the minimum starting speed of about 100 rev /min. With vehicle starting security system circuit designed and implemented the user or the owner of the vehicle is able to start and even to stop the


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engine because this system is controlling the above said vehicle starting requirements. The prototype have been integrated in real car by connecting developed system and the starting system and result show that the vehicle cannot starting without activating the necessary starting devices.

Figure. 6. Testing the results

The potential of this project is based on

impossibility of starting vehicle without having

both phone and key and its limitation is based on,

Once the ignition key or phone is lost or stolen the

car will not start, it is cumbersome to start the

vehicle unless the phones and the key are available

for starting the vehicles or when phone is off.

VII. CONCLUSION

This article has described a development of security starting system of vehicle based on internet of things. From the result obtained, the article has achieved its entire objective for securing vehicle starting system to improve existing car security system .The installed phone application helps in the control of ignition system and prevent the unauthorized people to access the car unless they possess both ignition key and application to allow vehicle starting. The system alarm also have been used to worn the car owner if one try to use only ignition keys, from several tests that have been made, this system has shown that it can work properly and cannot easily be hacked by unauthorized people.

REFERENCES

[1] T. Hodgkinson, M. A. Andresen, and G. Farrell, “The decline and locational shift of automotive theft: A local level analysis,” J. Crim. Justice, vol. 44, pp. 49–57, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.12.003.

[2] E. X. S. Hossain and V. Pgdgxo, “Design

and Implementation of Microcontroller Based Anti-Theft Vehicle Security System using GPS,GSM and RFID,” 4th Int. Conf. Electr. Eng. Inf. Commun. Technol. iCEEiCT 2018, pp. 97–101, 2019.

[3] N. Kiruthiga, L. Latha, and S. Thangasamy, “Real time biometrics based vehicle security system with GPS and GSM technology,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 47, no. C, pp. 471–479, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.231.

[4] P. Sirichai, S. Kaviya, Y. Fujii, and P. P. Yupapin, “Smart car with security camera for road accidence monitoring,” Procedia Eng., vol. 8, pp. 308–312, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.03.057.

[5] S. A. W. A. S. Mokhtar, N. M. Z. Hashim, N. R. Mohamad, A. Jaafar, and A. Salleh, “Vehicle Security System Using ZigBee Technology,” Int. J. Adv. Res. Eng. Technol., vol. 2, no. Vii, pp. 81–85, 2014.

[6] V. M. Murugesan et al., “Development of ECU based starting system for automobiles,” Proc. 2011 Int. Conf. Process Autom. Control Comput. PACC 2011, no. July, 2011, doi: 10.1109/PACC.2011.5978987.

[7] S. Singh and P. Kumari, “Automatic Car Theft Detection System Based on GPS and GSM Technology,” pp. 689–692, 2019.

[8] K. Srianusha, S. K. Saddamhussain, and K. P. Kumar, “Biometric car security and monitoring system using IOT,” 2019 Int. Conf. Vis. Towar. Emerg. Trends Commun. Netw., pp. 1–7, 2019.

[9] A. Industry, “Vehicle starting system using finger print,” vol. 119, no. 18, pp. 1753–1760, 2018.

[10] B. G. Girish, A. D. Gowda, H. Amreen, and K. M. A. Singh, “IOT based security system for smart vehicle,” 2018.

[11] Z. Liu, “Vehicle Anti-theft Tracking System Based on Internet of Things,” pp. 48–52, 2013.

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development of security starting system for vehicles based

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