development status and future trend of mimo ota … and...development status and future trend of...

Development Status and Future Trend of MIMO OTA Test

Dr. Peter Liao (廖兆祥博士)

Secretary, CTIA MIMO OTA Sub Group (MOSG)

Electronics & Communication Lab

Global OTA Technical Leader, Ph.D.

SGS Taiwan Ltd.

E-mail: [email protected]

2017/11/15 & 2017/11/16

2 SGS Confidential 2017, all rights reserved.

Outline

Why MIMO OTA Testing

Role of Spatial Channel Models

MIMO OTA Test Plan Development Status (3GPP/CTIA/CCSA)

Summary and Future Trends


How is a MIMO OTA work?

MIMO is the LTE development trend for high-data-rate device

MIMO provides stable data throughput capability.

MIMO can reduce the multipath fading effect.

LTE will implement MIMO to increase the data throughput rate.

Tx Rx SISO

Tx

Tx

Rx

Rx

Spatial Demux

Spatial Sparser

Combiner

MIMO

° ° °

° ° °


Antenna Performance Measurement for Mobile Phone

VSWR


What’s the OTA Measurement?

OTA: Over-the-Air

The purpose is to measure the 3-dimensions (X, Y, Z) antenna pattern for

transmit power and receiver sensitivity for wireless devices.


OTA Measurement Methods

FS: BHHL: BHHR:

HL: HR:


EUT Coordinate System-MS

Hand Right (HR):


EUT Coordinate System - Laptop


EUT Coordinate System - Tablet


SISO and the RF Environment


MIMO and the RF Environment


OTA test: SISO vs MIMO

• SISO OTA tests:

• Mostly related to antenna pattern.

• TIS, Total Isotropic Sensitivity and TRP, Total Radiation Power test.

• MIMO OTA test:

• MIMO performance is all about correlation (Antennas, channels,..)

• There are more than one antenna, the multipath fading cause the

receiving signal at every antenna to be different. MIMO device benefits

from this phenomenon to have more data streams.

• Standard channel model is necessary at MIMO OTA test.

• Throughput performance test is the only figure of merit..


-96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90

20

25

30

35

RS EPRE (dBm/15 kHz)

Throu

ghpu

t (Mb

ps)

Throughput results, ILIT P3 GS4 B2 DML (UMa), ETS CE2 r01

0 deg

30 deg

60 deg

90 deg

120 deg

150 deg

180 deg

210 deg

240 deg

270 deg

300 deg

330 deg

• 4G/5G mobile terminals utilize multi-antenna techniques to improve

performance, in which spatial correlation plays the key role.

• Spatial correlation is a function of antenna and propagation,...

• Evaluate the end-user experience of the final product, e.g., in terms

of data throughput, against realistic radio channel conditions in OTA

environment .

• Data throughput is the only figure of merit.

MIMO is all about Correlation!

Multipath Good or bad?

Simultaneously transmits two independent, spatially-diverse data streams.


MIMO Antenna Performance: Correlation


What is MIMO OTA?

Test conditions

(e.g. channel

model)

Channel model creates the typical

radio conditions in which the DUT

operates

Chamber presents the test

environment under which the

DUT is tested

DUT = Device Under Test


Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber (MPAC)

Anechoic Chamber

Shielded room

Microwave absorbers

Turn-table

Controllers

Dual Polarized antennas

Link /Calibration antennas

Mounting

Equipment

Base station controller (COMM)

Channel Emulator (Propsim)

VNA

Software

Test Executive

MIMO OTA Software Option

3GPP Channel Models


Outline






What Should The Environment Mimic

Dense urban

environment Suburban & rural

environments Indoor

environments

Approved 3GPP Channel models:

SCME UMa/SCME UMi


Where The Device Performs

Radio channel is the vital connection

between the device and the BS

Radio waves intract with objects in the

propagation path resulting in

It is very important to adequately model the propagation conditions

with a test setup to ensure valid performance testing


Channel Emulator simulates wireless channel, including

geometric information about the location of scatters

channel behavior AOA/AOD Angular Spread

PDP (power delay profile) Delay Spread

Doppler Effect Frequency Spread

Understanding the Channel Emulator

Real World !!!

21 SGS Confidential 2017, all rights reserved. 21

MIMO OTA Principles

v

BS

MS2

1

21

1

2

N

N

MS

delay

power

• Angle of Arrival (AoA) and AoA spread are mapped onto OTA antennas in the chamber

• Basic Idea of Mapping of the Signals onto Probe Antennas


What parameters are described in Space

channel model?

SCME Urban macro-cell (UMa)

Cluster

# Delay [ns] Power [dB] AoD [] AoA []

1 0 5 10 -3 -5.2 -7 82.0 65.7

2 360 365 370 -5.2 -7.4 -9.2 80.5 45.6

3 255 260 265 -4.7 -6.9 -8.7 79.6 143.2

4 1040 1045 1050 -8.2 -10.4 -12.2 98.6 32.5

5 2730 2735 2740 -12.1 -14.3 -16.1 102.1 -91.1

6 4600 4605 4610 -15.5 -17.7 -19.5 107.1 -19.2

Delay spread [ns] 839.5

Cluster AS AoD / AS AoA [] 2/35

Cluster PAS shape Laplacian

Total AS AoD / AS AoA [] 7.9/62.4

Mobile speed [km/h] / Direction of travel [] 30/120

XPR NOTE: V & H components based on assumed BS antennas 9 dB

Mid-paths Share Cluster parameter values for: AoD, AoA,

AS, XPR


3GPP SCME Multi-Cluster Channel Models

SCME Urban micro-cell ( UMi) Cluster # Delay [ns] Power [dB] AoD [] AoA []

1 0 5 10 -3.0 -5.2 -7.0 6.6 0.7

2 285 290 295 -4.3 -6.5 -8.3 14.1 -13.2

3 205 210 215 -5.7 -7.9 -9.7 50.8 146.1

4 660 665 670 -7.3 -9.5 -11.3 38.4 -30.5

5 805 810 815 -9.0 -11.2 -13.0 6.7 -11.4

6 925 930 935 -11.4 -13.6 -15.4 40.3 -1.1

Delay spread [ns] 294

Cluster AS AoD / AS AoA [] 5 / 35


Total AS AoD / AS AoA [] 18.2 / 67.8

Mobile speed [km/h] / Direction of travel [] 3, 30 / 120


Mid-paths Share Cluster parameter values for: AoD, AoA, AS,

XPR

SCME Urban macro-cell (Uma) Cluster # Delay [ns] Power [dB] AoD [] AoA []

1 0 5 10 -3 -5.2 -7 82.0 65.7

2 360 365 370 -5.2 -7.4 -9.2 80.5 45.6

3 255 260 265 -4.7 -6.9 -8.7 79.6 143.2

4 1040 1045 1050 -8.2 -10.4 -12.2 98.6 32.5

5 2730 2735 2740 -12.1 -14.3 -16.1 102.1 -91.1

6 4600 4605 4610 -15.5 -17.7 -19.5 107.1 -19.2

Delay spread [ns] 839.5

Cluster AS AoD / AS AoA [] 2 / 35


Total AS AoD / AS AoA [] 7.8 / 62.6

Mobile speed [km/h] / Direction of travel [] 3, 30 / 120


Mid-paths Share Cluster parameter values for: AoD, AoA, AS,

XPR


What is the meaning of each parameter or

word such as Cluster, AoA,AoD,AS and so on?


Six Clusters for power and delay


3GPP SCME Multi-Cluster Channel Models

-UMA PDP

26

v

BS

MS2

1

21

1

2

N

N

MS

• Angle of Arrival (AoA) and AoA spread are mapped onto OTA antennas in the chamber

26

1 3 2 4 5

6


Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Angle of Departure (AoD)


Cluster Power Angular Spectrum (PAS) Shape


Cluster Angular Spread (AS) AoD/AS AoA


Mobile Speed/Direction of Travel


Channel Models

• Radio channel is characterized in four domains

• Time

• Frequency

• Space

• Polarization

polarization


The Role of Channel Emulator

• Channel Emulator creates the desired radio channel conditions into the lab.

• Multipath propagation (per-path delay, Doppler, AoD, AoA, polarization)

• Antenna effect (BS and MS side in conductive test; BS side in OTA)

• Noise and interference conditions when applicable

• Mapping of radio channel conditions onto the number of probe

antennas in anechoic chamber.


Figure of Merit- SIR vs. Throughput

-96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90

20

25

30

35


Thro

ughp

ut (M

bps)


0 deg

30 deg

60 deg

90 deg

120 deg

150 deg

180 deg

210 deg

240 deg

270 deg

300 deg

330 deg

Throughput Axis: Measured

Throughput (in Mbps)

Throughput Assement Point

70 % of Max Tput

Less Power need to achive High Tput

Higher Power need to achieve same Tput

Good Device

Bad Device


90 % of Max Tput


95 % of Max Tput

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 SIR in dB

(to at least 0.5 dB resolution)

Maximum

Throughput (100%) :

35.424 Mbps

24.8 Mbps

31.88 Mbps

33.65 Mbps


Figure of Merit – Power vs. Throughput

Power Axis : Input Power in dBm/15kHz




70% of Max Tput

Less Power need to achive High Tput

Higher Power need to achieve same Tput

Good Device

Bad Device

Performance difference between ”Good” and ”Bad”

devices

What is the cutoff limit


Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber (MPAC)

Integrated by:


Capturing Device Usage Patterns

Source: 1. MOSG131009; Update results on DUT Polarization discrimination among MIMO OTA test methods

2. MOSG140414: Measurement campaign on AC MC Boundary Array, comparing B13 devices in different mechanical modes and test methodologies

Antenna designs and polarizaiton can affect performance of upto 8dB

Unable to distinguish between the different orientations when

measured in isotropic environment

Methodology should be able to validate peformance across different positions. Different devices provide different monitization models.

EPRE dBm/15kHz


AC Results RC Results


Key Benefits of the Anechoic Chamber

Methodology

Scalability Polarization Discrimination

Active Antenna Systems

Future Proof

Start small and expand as the needs raise.

Performance against common

device usage patterns

Test evolving innovations

Ideal Investment protection

1 2 3 4

CA,

3D,

UL,

VDT,

5G,

..


Outline






CPWG Organization & Industry Relations Update


Certificate of Appreciation (May 2017)

CATLs by Testing Scope

Scope Number of Labs

– CDMA Conformance 7

– CDMA Cabled IOT 3

– LTE Cabled IOT 4

– LTE CA Cabled IOT 3 – LTE Conformance 3

– MIMO OTA Performance 21

– SISO OTA Performance 75

– Converged Device 50 – Device Hardware Reliability 4

– HAC 11

– Battery Safety 27

– Battery Life 5

– Bluetooth Compatibility 11

41

MIMO Authorized CATL’s

– ATMC – Bureau Veritas ADT - Xindian District

– BV CPS ADT Korea Ltd. Suwon East

– Cisco Systems, Inc.

– CTTL Beijing BDA – CTTL Shenzhen - Futian District

– DEKRA Testing and Certification, SAU

– Electro Magnetic Test

– Integrated Service Technology Inc. Taiwan – PCTEST San Jose

– SEQAL - Korea

42

MIMO Authorized CATL’s (Cont.)

– SGS Branchburg

– SGS Korea - Yongin

– SGS North America Inc. (World Trade Drive, San Diego)

– SGS RF Technologies Inc.

– SGS Taiwan Ltd. Hwaya District

– SGS Taiwan Ltd. NeiHu District

– SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services Co., Ltd (ShenZhen)

– Sporton International Inc. (KunShan)

– Sporton International Inc. (Tao Yuan Hsien II)

– TTA – Korea

43

Currently 109 CATLs Throughout World

37 in North America

44


7 in Europe

45


65 in Asia

46

Test Plan Download and CATL List

• The CTIA Test Plan for 2x2 Downlink MIMO and Transmit Diversity Over-the-

Air Performance will be required for certification testing on April 1, 2017. You

can find the test plan here:

http://www.ctia.org/initiatives/certification/certification-test-plans

• A List of CTIA Authorized Test Labs for MIMO testing can be found

here: http://www.ctia.org/initiatives/certification/ctia-authorized-test-labs


CTIA MIMO V1.1 was published in Aug. 2016, and enforced on April 1, 2017.

LTE MIMO “SIR vs T-put” testing by Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber (MPAC) method.

Free space, M-channel, TM3 with 64QAM, UMa channel model and two positions

(Portrait and Landscape tilt up 45 deg).

CTIA 2x2 DL MIMO OTA Test Plan V1.1

Portrait tilt up 45 deg

Landscape tilt up 45 deg


MIMO OTA Test Frequencies


Example for MIMO OTA Data Table Format

Device Orientation Portrait

Azimuth Position

(degrees)

Downlink SIR @ 95%

Throughput (dB)

Downlink SIR @ 90%

Throughput (dB)

Downlink SIR @ 70%

Throughput (dB)

0 28.89332933 27.42520586 25.14332431

30 29.36221591 27.68318966 25.24059561

60 29.58321429 27.84056474 25.29147412

90 29.91335979 27.9534965 25.28167268

120 28.750251 27.34237379 25.04394439

150 28.53490991 27.12758398 24.90965395

180 28.55642145 27.17285041 24.89544092

210 28.61071429 27.2016496 24.90190495

240 29.2995283 27.62408537 25.15231565

270 29.22060811 27.68662864 25.29281116

300 29.13331025 27.73719441 25.45560854

330 29.25903263 27.84333013 25.47891313

MARSS (PMarss) 29.11301562 27.56186704 25.17834114


The EUT’s Pass/Fail Performance

a) The EUT must meet 70% throughput in all 12 azimuthal orientations.

If the EUT fails to meet this criterion, the EUT shall fail the MIMO OTA test.

b) The EUT must meet 95% throughput in at least 10 of the 12 azimuthal

orientations.

If the EUT fails to meet this criterion, the EUT shall fail the MIMO OTA test.

-96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90

20

25

30

35


Throu

ghpu

t (Mb

ps)


0 deg

30 deg

60 deg

90 deg

120 deg

150 deg

180 deg

210 deg

240 deg

270 deg

300 deg

330 deg


Throughput (in Mbps) Throughput

Assement Point 70 % of Max Tput


90 % of Max Tput


95 % of Max Tput

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 SIR in dB

(to at least 0.5 dB resolution)

Maximum

Throughput (100%) :

35.424 Mbps

24.8 Mbps

31.88 Mbps

33.65 Mbps


Operators start to request MIMO OTA test

T-Mobile USA will add MIMO OTA test from Q4 2017.

Sprint will add CTIA MIMO OTA test plan from May 2017.

Verizon already request MIMO OTA test from April 2017.

AT&T accept CATL to do certification test based on CTIA test plan 1.1

from April 2017.

Vodafone request MIMO OTA test from 2017.

One of JP carriers request MIMO OTA test from 2014.


Operator Test Method Timeline

AT&T MPAC

CATL can test MIMO OTA by MPAC

From April, 2017

Verizon Wireless MPAC From 4/17, 2017, A-ECC is retired

Sprint MPAC Will be added in May, 2017

T-Mobile USA MPAC From Q4, 2017

Vodafone MPAC From 2017

One of JP carriers MPAC and RC From 2014

Orange TBD TBD

China MPAC TBD

MIMO Test Requirement for Operators


Three prioritised orientations for MPAC in 3GPP

Portrait tilt up 45 deg

Landscape tilt up 45 deg

Face up


Standardization Activities Addressing MIMO OTA

MOSG

SWG2.2

RAN4

MIMO OTA

COST

Spring 2013 October 2008 March 2009 2009 May 2011


CTIA MIMO OTA test plan 1.1-summary

使用SCME UMa 通道模型進行FDD(10MHz)或TDD(20MHz) LTE在TM3模式下的Down Link 2x2的MARSS。

測試系統僅可使用MPAC，Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber架構,如ETS或Satimo。

Test Zone 為1λ。

使用控制SIR變化的方式進行data throughput測試。

待測手機擺在轉檯上，傾斜45度，Portrait或Landscape擺法。

在Ψ平面上每30度進行一次測試，總共要進行12次測試,再取平均值。

測試目標為找到 (70%,90%,95%) peak throughput時的SIR數值，此為其MARSS,

MIMO Average Radiated SIR Sensitivity。

Landscape Portrait


3GPP RAN4 activities R4-1611000(Response LS to GCF), TR37.977, R4-1702934 (WF)

3GPP MIMO OTA test plan uses::

UE noise-limited environment (CTIA uses SIR)

Transmission Mode 3 (TM3)

Umi, Urban Micro channel model (CTIA uses Uma, Urban Macro)

3GPP RAN4 update on Rel-13 work:

1. Final harmonization cannot be successfully claimed. But potential

for harmonization can be found. In this situation, a single method shall

be selected according to WID, while work on improving harmonization

is deemed possible and needed

2. Select MPAC methodology, and start new activity on performance

requirement phase for MPAC

3. Select UMi channel model, and inverse averaging. Option C

4. Select the following KPIs: 70% and 95%


CCSA MIMO OTA 行標標準號YD/T 2869.1-2015

终端 MIMO OTA天线性能要求和测量方法

內容與架構大至上與CTIA的test plan相同，僅有部分細節不同.

僅可使用MPAC 系統進行測試。

包括20MHz頻寬的TDD(38,39,40,41)與 FDD(1,3) LTE 兩種模式。

待測手機擺在轉檯上，傾斜45度，Portrait，Landscape或face up擺法。

使用 SCME UMa與UMi 兩種通道模型。

使用RS-EPRE power sweep方式測試TM3的sensitivity，不使用SIR。

在Ψ平面上每30度進行一次測試，總共要進行12次測試,再取平均值。

測試目標為找到(70%, 90%) peak throughput時的RS-EPRE數值，此為其sensitivity。


Different settings between CTIA & CCSA

Parameters & Settings CTIA CCSA

1 Measurement parameters

TM3

TM2

SIR

Power(RS-EPRE)

Power(RS-EPRE)

N/A

2 Outage Level 95%, 90%,70% 90%, 70%

3 Substitution method

(for failing azimuthal orientations) YES NO

4 Channel Model Uma Umi

5 Minimum Number of Subframes 20000 10000

6 Bandwidth

FDD

TDD

10MHz

20MHz

20MHz

20MHz

7 TBS index settings

FDD

TDD

Subframe 0~4,6~9: 16

Subframe 5: unused

Subframe 0/1/4/6/9: 16

Subframe 5: unused

Other subframes are for UL.

8 Uplink Transmit Power Control

Max Power/ALL+1dB

P-Max = +13dBm

（Class 3 UE）

N/A

References: [1] CTIA, “Test Plan for 2x2 Downlink MIMO and Transmit Diversity Over-the-Air Performance”, Version1.1, August, 2016.

[2] CCSA(China Communications Standards Association), “YD/T 2869.1 Performance requirement and measurement method for MIMO antenna terminal, Part 1：LTE wireless

terminal”, July, 2015.


Outline






Summary

從2017年4月1日開始, PTCRB 認證測試 CTIA 2x2 DL MIMO OTA.

MIMO OTA 系統中通道模擬器負責在暗室中產生 SCME UMa 通道模型, 並

產生 SIR 控制所需之 AWGN 訊號.

MIMO OTA 測試需要有 multi-path 環境: MIMO is all about correlation.

測試之前先作 SIR validation, 確認系統正確校驗.

MPAC 是 LTE MIMO OTA 認證測試唯一被核准使用之架構.

MPAC 可以升級用於未來的 CA, VDT, 3D, 5G (<6GHz)應用.

WiFi 沒有制定 MIMO OTA規範, 只需TIS, TRP 及 Desense測試.


Summary

Radio channels are a vital part of the OTA testing.

Anechoic Chamber based solution: Technically most Accurate,

Scalable, deterministic, Future proof.

Reverberation Chamber based Solution: quick, fast, easy to down

select and evaluate devices.

Different methods are made for different needs.

Several round-robin tests are going on at our own facility.

We actively participate CTIA and 3GPP to finalize MIMO test plan.

MIMO is emerging technology. We continuously work MIMO OTA

solutions for future development.


Test Plan Development for CTIA MIMO OTA V1.2/V1.3

Finalize MIMO IL/IT test devices in 2017 and start IL/IT in 2018

Release of v1.1.1 (editorial and clarification updates) on September 30, 2017

Notebooks is not currently normative to be tested.

Finalize v1.2 (Release Date of v1.2: December, 2017)

TDD SIR validation procedure and other updates for TDD

Additional mechanical use cases (narrow and wide hands)

Orientation requirements for non-smartphone devices

VRMC test (variable reference measurement channel)

Addition of Band 66

Release Date of v1.3: June ~ August, 2018

2x4, 4X2 and 4X4 MIMO OTA

Larger quiet zone for laptops

Investigate the addition of a spatial interferer


Addition of Band 66 to v1.2 of the CTIA MIMO OTA Test Plan

If the device supports both Band 2 and Band 25, then testing is only required in Band 25.




Operating

Band

DL Channel

Bandwidth

(MHz)

DLChannel

Number

DL Center

Channel

Frequency

(MHz)

l (m) at Center DL

Channel

Test Volume

Sphere Radius

(m)

2 10 900 1960 0.153 0.076

4 10 2175 2132.5 0.141 0.070

5 10 2525 881.5 0.340 0.170

7 10 3100 2655 0.113 0.056

12 10 5095 737.5 0.406 0.203

13 10 5230 751 0.399 0.200

14 10 5330 763 0.393 0.196

17 10 5790 740 0.404 0.203

25 10 8365 1962.5 0.153 0.076

26 10 8865 876.5 0.342 0.171

30 10 9820 2355 0.127 0.064

66 10 66886 2155 0.139 0.070


8 Dual Polarization Probes System

for 2x2, 4x2 and 4x4.

Anechoic Chamber

Shielded room

Microwave absorbers

Turn-table

Controllers

Dual Polarized antennas

Link /Calibration antennas

Amplifier Units.

Equipment

Base station controller (COMM)

Channel Emulator (Propsim)

VNA

Software

Test Executive

MIMO OTA Software Option

3GPP SCME Uma Channel Models

Use 16

antennas to

double test

zone.

4x2 or 4x4

2x2


Thank you very much for your attention !!

Any Questions?

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