dien hoa hoc - chuong 3-2 - tiet 4
TRANSCRIPT
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3.2. Nhit ng hc ca pin v in cc
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Cng in ca pin
Khi pin lm vic thun nghch nhit ng th cng
in ca pin l cng hu ch cc i Amax !ngin "hi chu#$n h%a 1 mol cht&
Amax !." n#."
'h() ngu#*n l+ , nhit ng h-c& . / 0Amax
$ %n#"
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3.2. Nhit ng hc ca pin v in cc &tt.'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Phng trnh NERNST nh hng ca nng n E v
Ph(n )ng x(* +a t+,ng pin: aA + bB dD +eEP- ng nhit /ant
0,1:G = -RT ln(K
a/
a)
nFE= RT ln(Ka / a )= RT lnKa -
RTlnab
B
a
A
e
E
d
Da
aa
aa
Fn
TRK
Fn
TRE
.
.ln.
.
.ln
.
.=
=
aA
4"
567
a.a
a.a8n
#.n
-.9""Hay: (Phng Trnh NERNST)
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3.2. Nhit ng hc ca pin v in cc &tt.'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Phng trnh NERNST nh hng ca nng n E v
Ph(n )ng x(* +a incc:
Ox + ne Kh
P- N"9N;- t+ thnh:
=
Ox
Kh
aa
FnTR ln..
0
< 2=,C :
=
Ox
Kh
a
a
n
ln
.
059.00
0& th1 in cc "hi h)t ca c2c c3u t4 56ng 7
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3.2. Nhit ng hc ca pin v in cc &tt.'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
nh hng ca nhit
P- $i> % 048mh,8t? :
$ 0 % -;
PT
)G(.THG += PT
)G(
.THF.E.n
=
PP T
E.T
F.n
H
T
)nFE(
F.n
T
F.n
HE
+
=
=
5-
5"-
#.n
0" +
=
5-
5"
& h 89 nhit ca :;;
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3.2. Nhit ng hc ca pin v in cc &tt.'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
nh hng ca nhit
(tt)
nF
S
T
G
nFdT
dE
P
=
= )(1 0 >@ nhit ca ; t
8 vBi in thiDn 4nt+,p*
n#
;
5-
5 =
/aE: )298T.(dT
d0TT
=
-ng tF @i vBi th in cc:
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3.2. Nhit ng hc ca pin v in cc &tt.'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
th!c "#the$GHt Iim 8,Ji K cL 2 cati,n KhMvKnM
KhMM h4 K &' $ %h#h.
KnMM n4 K &2' $2 %n#n.
KhMM &h%n'4 KnM&3'
$3 %&h%n'#h.
? / =7? @ =,? n*n& $3 $%$2
nhnOh .#.n.#.h.#'.nh& +=
&h%n'.hOn hh% nn.(H thc !th"r)
n4
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/ 5Q:CRc th tiDS chSTn ca CSMOCS vCS2MOCS Ung 7.=2/ v 7.33V/ &t+Jng
thRi chSTn'
GRc Wnh th in cc chSTn caCS2MOCSM
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3.3. PhXn 8,Ji in cc% mJch in hLa
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
!c "#$i in c%c
#$n c%c l&'$ :in cc thSYn nghWch cati,nOani,n Z g[m Iim 8,Ji &h,\c phi Iim'nh]ng v, 55 ch)a i,n ca nL
%n+|%& KnMM n4 KA|An'& A M n4 An%
+
+
+=+= nn
K7
K
K7a8n#.n
-.9
a
a
8n#.n
-.9
+=+=nn A
7
A
A7
a
N8n
#.n
-.9
a
a8n
#.n
-.9
^p 5Qng P- N"9N;-:
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/ 5Q:
./it > [ pin in )ng vBi ph(n )ng>aS:_n M CS2M CSMM _n2MGRc Wnh >S`t in ng "
2. Ch, pin >aS X* 2=,C:PbP2M&a 'bbAgM&a 'bAga. -nh >S`t in ng pinF it AgMOAg7.V/d P2MOP %7.2e/. /it ph(n )ng in ccF Iifm t+a ccn, 5ngF cc n, Xm
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3.3. PhXn 8,Ji in cc% mJch in hLa &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Cc *i in c,c (tt)
#$n c%c l&'$ :im 8,Ji c ph ch`t IhL tan ca chnh nLFnhSng v, 55 ch)a ani,n ca hp ch`t IhL tan
An' |%A |%& KA M n4 KM An%
P- N"9N;-:
+=nA
7
a
N8n
#.n
-.9
c2c in cc 8) 82nh i$n hnh B CD&0 ;in cc !al)m(l& "&|'g("(|'g)Pt
% in cc Jc%c8,+Sa Jc: "&
|*g"|*g
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/ 5Q:/it phng t+nh ph(n )ng x(* +at+,ng pin:
_nb_nC82&a 7.='bAgC8F Ag-nh ",F it ,_n2MO_n %7.V3e/,AgMOAg 7.222j/
-nh " v $F $,
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3.3. PhXn 8,Ji in cc% mJch in hLa &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Cc *i in c,c (tt)
#$n c%c l&'$ *:im 8,Ji tip x]c vBi 2 mS@i IhL tan cL chSng ani,nFnh]ng v, 55 ch)a cati,n ca mS@i IhL tan th) hai
%-n+|%-A. %A|% &-KAk -KA'/ 5Q: Ca2M|CaCl3F PCl3|P
++ += 22 ln..
.0/ PbPbPb aFn
TR
Ph(n )ng: PCl3M Ca2MM 24 P M CaCl3
++ == 23
23
23
23
.;.COCaCaCOCOPbPbCO
aaTaaT
++ = 23
3
2 Ca
CaCO
PbCO
Pb a
T
Ta ++= 2ln.
.
.0'Caa
Fn
TR
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/in c,c 0h1
im 8,Ji t+ tip x]c [ng thi vBi Ihv 5Sng 5Wch ch)a i,n ca Ih n*
; [ pin: 0Mb02F Pt
Ph(n )ng in cc: 20MM 24 02Phng t+nh N4+n>t:
+=
+
2
2
ln2 H
Ho
P
a
F
RT
/Bi , 7 &!S* Bc'
2log
2
059.0059.0 HPpH=
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/in c,c *x2; [ pin: l0%bl2F Pt
Ph(n )ng in cc: l2M 202l M j4 jl0%Phng t+nh N4+n>t:
+=
4
2ln
4 OH
Oo
a
P
F
RT
in cc c8,; [ pin: C8%bC82F Pt
Ph(n )ng in cc: C82M 24 2C8%
Phng t+nh N4+n>t:
+=
2
2ln2
Cl
Clo
a
P
F
RT
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/it cng th)c tnh >S`t in ng "ch, pin:
PtF 02b02lbl2F Pt
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/in c,c h3n h4ng
0 g[m hon h@ng ca mt Iim 8,Ji tipx]c vBi 5Sng 5Wch ch)a i,n Iim 8,Ji L.
; [: KnM
bKF 0gPh(n )ng: KnMM n4 K&0g'Phng t+nh N4+>nt:
=
+nM
HgMo
aa
nFRT )(ln
Ch 3 Pi i C
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3.3. PhXn 8,Ji in cc% mJch in hLa &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Cc *i in c,c (tt)
in cc oxy ha-kh: (in cc Redox)
Kim l)i tEF nhGng v) CC chHa cI , Cng& )x# h%a v "h4
Kim l)i tEF %ng vai tEJ tEu#n CLn in t4 C) phIn Hng )x#h%a "h4 tE)ng CC gM# Ea
Ox|Kh. 5t : lx M
n4 hP-N"9N;-: ,x
Ih75,x945,x94
a
a8n.#.n
-.9=
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%nO6'.+|%n7+. 5t : Knlj%M 0MM =4 Kn2MM j02l
8e9+|8e7+. 5t : #43MM 4 #42M
/in c,c :ed*x ;n gi tha* qi hLa
t+W i,nF m Ihng cL > tha* qi thnh phrncRc i,n tham gia
=
+
+
3
2
ln
Fe
o
a
a
nF
RTFe
/in c,c :ed*x ph!c tpNg,i in thiDn vs hLa t+WF cn cL > tha* qithnh phrn ch`t ph(n )ng
=
+
+
8
4
2
ln
5 HMnO
o
aa
a
F
RTMn
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C=6O7.+|C=6(O)7.5t :
&OC!Sinhi5+,n'o
o
+ 2H+
+ 2e-=
OH
OH
>#in*n(>)
2d$*?#in*n(>7)
/in c,c>#inhid$*n
=
+
2ln
2HQ
o
aa
a
F
RT Hq
< 2=,C pH059.099!.0 =
ung 5Qng , p0 5Sng 5Wch
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@c ?#2 ch; [:
PF P;ljb02;ljbPl2F PPh(n )ng in cc:Cc Xm: P M ;lj2% P;ljM 24
Cc 5ng: Pl2M j0M
M ;lj2%
M 24 P;ljM 202l;S`t in ng ":
+=
+
2
42
2
24ln
2 OH
HSOo
a
aa
F
RTEE
4224
2 SOHHSO aaa =+it
+=
+=
OH
SOH
OH
SOHo
a
a
a
a
F
RTEE
2
42
2
42 log059.004.2ln
hi ht ngS[n >Jc
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@c ?#2 ch
An)C( =0?An)C( =0? NN))/ OP>Q B/ OP>Q B
R5 O S:TR5 O S:TUU00 000V R5:T000V R5:TUUO SO SOOO ,(0O ,(0
!ath)C( =O?!ath)C( =O? NN)) / O7QW B/ O7QW B
R5TR5T,,O S:TO S:TUU00O > SO > SOOO ,(0O ,(0000V R5:T000V R5:TUUO ,O ,
SS,,TT
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Pin khPin kh
An)C( =0?An)C( =0?
Xn 000V XnXn 000V Xn,O,O O ,(0O ,(0
!ath)C( =O?!ath)C( =O?
, YS, YSUUOO O ,(0 000VO ,(0 000V, YS, YS>> O SO S,,
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i tYp:.-nh >S`t in ng ca ngS*Dn t@$avani >aS:CSbCS;lj&a 7.7' bbCS;lj&a 7.7'b
CS
2. -nh >S`t in ng ca ngS*Dn t@$avani >aS:_nb_nC82&a 7.77='bb C5C82&a 2'bC5it ,C5 %7.j72/d ,_n %7.Ve3/0 >@ h,Jt t+Sng nh ca C5C82v
_nC828rn 8t 8: 7.7jj v 7.V.
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3. Ch, ngS*Dn t@ >aS 2=7,CFPtF C82& atm'bC8% &a 'bb_n2M&a 'b_n
a.-nh ",F nS ,C8 .3==/d ,_n%7.Ve3./it phng t+nh ph(n )ng
c.-nh $,
j. < 2=,CF >S`t in ng " ca pinPF P;ljbCS;lj&7.72 m'bCS
Ung 7.==j/. GRc Wnh h >@ h,Jt t+Sng nh ca CS;ljF it th chSTn ca2 in cc t+Ri v ph(i Ung %7.3= / v
7.33V/
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.3. PhXn 8,Ji in cc% mJch in hLa &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Cc *i in c,c (tt)#$n c%c th+y t$nh:
in cc khc:0 ;in cc "h& Kim l)i tEF ti1p xGc vZi "h v i)n ca "h
0 ;in cc h[n h9ng& S\n h9ng ca mt "im l)i ti1p xGc vZi CC chHai)n ca "im l)i %0 v CD&+, h-n h.ng a/ii
pHtttt .059"0'0 =
66 aci5F t+Sng tnhF Iism*S:
pHtttt .059"0'''0 +=
66 Iism mJnh &p02':
Dng c chF thG *p
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.3. PhXn 8,Ji in cc% mJch in hLa &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
!c "#$i $ch in h1a,'ch ha h.c- 'ch n0ng 12:KJch hLa hc: pin tJ, thnh 5, 2 in cc IhRc nhaS vs (n
ch`t hLa hc.KJch n[ng : pin tJ, thnh 5, 2 in cc gi@ng nhaS vs (n
ch`t hLa hc nhng IhRc vs h,Jt ca 55 in cc.
Mch c ti- mch khn! ti:]ch c% tIi& CC ca , in cc ti1p xGc nhau ^ua mng x9p t_n ti
th1 "hu1ch t2n]ch "hng tIi& CC ca , in cc "hng ti1p xGc nhau tEc ti1p` v CD
84 CDng cu mu9i` mch "bp l)i 5 th1 "hu1ch t2n
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.3. PhXn 8,Ji in cc% mJch in hLa &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Cc *i ch in hHa
(tt)Mch th"#n n!h$ch %& khn! th"#n n!h$ch:0 : 'Y v iu "in lm vic& Khi h)t ng N lZn hFn B mt ldeng v
cfng nh& t9c lm vic v cfng chm
0 : 'Y ca chnh 5In thMn mch& xI# Ea th() chiu n) tf# hiu inth1 t2c ng&
't in *aco+i- ,aniell:
0 Y1u B V N & mch in phMn
Xn,OO !uXn O !u,O0 Y1u B N & pin in
Xn O !u,OXn,OO !u
pin n# l mch 'Y
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.3. PhXn 8,Ji in cc% mJch in hLa &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Cc *i ch in hHa
(tt)Mch th"#n n!h$ch %& khn! th"#n n!h$ch:(tt)'t in : =0? Xn |!u:TU|!u =O?
0 Y1u B V N & mch in phMn
Xn,O
O !uXn O !u,O
0 Y1u B N & 'E)ng CC "hng c% Xn,O` n*n !u "1t ta ti =0? !u hJatan ti =O?
!u O !u,O!u,OO !u
pin n# l mch "hng 'Y
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.j. in th IhSch tRn
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
'_n ti tE)ng mch c% tIi` ti Eanh giZi ti1p xGc gia hai CC in cc
Nguyn nhn: C) linh "h2c nhau ca cati)n` ani)nxu3t hin lZpin tch "bpxu3t hin 5dZc nhI# th1 ;in th1 "hu1ch t2n
34 56: GHt mJch:2&3Ag |AgYT>=a? 4AgYT>=a?|Ag 253 =BZi a- a?I
0AgYT>"hu1ch t2n t =O? 8ang =0?
0inh YT>0V linh AgOYT>0i^ua mng x9p nhanh hFn 5*n tE2i
mng x9p tch in =0?` 5*n phIi tchin =O? 6t
0.i2 tE ca 0t"h)Ing vi chDc mB
(')Ag (+)Ag
''''
'
++++
+
AgJO9(a) AgJO9(a7)
t+t'
8
0t
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.j. in th IhSch tRn &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Ittawi "" +=
N4RS t% tM
tyc %M
th It 7 /aE "tawi"
N4RS t% ktM
tyc %kM
th Itk 7 /aE "tawik"
N4RS t%
tM
tyc %
M
th It 7 /aE "tawi
"
'
''
ln
+
+
+
=
a
a
F
RTkt
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.j. in th IhSch tRn &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
7in 8h!8 "#$i tr9 It
0 ,n! c." m"/i:CC m jc ca mt mu9i c%linh cati)n v ani)n gn 56ngnhau tE)ng CC "() aga B` YSU!l` YSUYT>` It"hng 2ng "$
0 0o mch k: )i 5 h)n t)n It
2&3Ag`Ag!l |S!l=a? 4S!l=a?|Ag!l`Ag 253I
2&3Ag`Ag!l |S!l=a?|7. 5t. 7|S!l=a?|Ag!l`Ag253
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.=. ung 5Qng ca phHp , >)c in ng&;'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Phng 8h!8 # S++
wx EAC
ACE .
'=
E7: 8$n 9! c S## 1 ;$n
1?nh ;@n AB$ thC$ g$anD 8$n"t&n
pin LeMt*n&&%' OC hon h@ng Ca5imi&M' OC th* ngXn 8,Ji 2
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.=. ung 5Qng ca phHp , >)c in ng&;'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Nng dng P * p
!"y2n t3c:
;) :;; ca pin g_m&
0 ;in cc c% k 5i1t& in cc !al)m(l` in cc 5c
0 ;in cc c% phD thuc pS ca CC @ in cc ch th&in cc S#CE)` in cc ^uinh#CE)n` in cc th# tinh
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.=. ung 5Qng ca phHp , >)c in ng&;' &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Nng dng P * p (tt)
&%'0gF 0g2C82b C8 bb 0M&x'b zi4{n c|c thSw* tinh &M'
ca8
7
ttca8tt p07=cF7" ==
059"0
E#H $%l
0&& =
I: Ih,Xng 5SEng phS| gia I4Em th4,.c $"I:54} v~ v maEng thSw* tinh m,wng 7F7 Z 7F73
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.=. ung 5Qng ca phHp , >)c in ng&;' &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
:ng /;ng . h#$t tr?ng @nh 2
3
45 d6: 2c inh
ca CC S!l n_ng m
p pin& 2&3Pt) '(2A at3 B '" 23 B 'g("() 'g 253
RhIn Hng& Sg,!l,O S,/ ,Sg O ,S!l
:Hc in ng&
0C87
0
20C87 a8n
#
-.9"
P
a8n.
#2
-.9""
2
==
)..ln(.
2ln. 020
F
TREa
F
TRE HCl ==
'8n&.#
-.92'm.8n&
#
-.92"" 7 =
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.=. ung 5Qng ca phHp , >)c in ng&;' &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
:ng /;ng . h#$t tr?ng @nh 2
32tt3
0 Y1u 5i1t N)& ;) N` x2c inh
'8n&.#
-.92'm.8n&
#
-.92"" 7 =
0 Y1u chda 5i1t N)& 5i1n \i =? thnh&
=?
'8n&.#
-.9
2"'m.8n
-.9
2" 7
=+ CDKhi mP &
7 n*n oN)
B _ th o0m ` ng)ai 8u# ti m/ P thu dec N)
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.=. ung 5Qng ca phHp , >)c in ng&;' &tt'
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
Nng dng P Qc Gnh t1ch M4 tan (R)45 d6: x2c inh- ca Ag!l
p pin& (') Ag. AgC S C S C7. 5t(+)
RhIn Hng& + AgC8AgC82N 2 = C8FAgOAgC8C8OC82
" ( ) =ClClAgAgClClClCl
aa lg059"0lg059"0 0"/
0
/2
'a li c%& AgC87
AgOAg
7
C8FAgOAgC8 -8g7=cF7+= +
Y*n& ( ) AgC87 AgOAg7
C8OC8 -8g7=cF7"
2= +
/VccF7d/3=FN 7AgOAg
7
C8OC82== +
d "z, F3e/ RAgC T.UUxV'V
Chng 3: Pin v in Cc
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3.e. NgS[n in hLa hc
g
0!"7n 8in 9 c- in& ch Cfng mtln 45 d6: pin "h a !lanchb =Xn0!?
0!"7n 8in th; c- ac