DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION It is also known as alimentary system. The human digestive

system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).

DIGESTION The chemical breakdown of complex

biological molecules into their components parts

lipids to fatty acidsproteins to amino acidscarbohydrates to simple sugars

FUNCTIONS OF STOMACH Produces various chemicals to break

down the food Filters out harmful substances Get rid of solid wastes

MECHANICAL ACTION OF DIGESTION

Chew Tear Grind Mash mix

PHASES OF DIGESTION Ingestion Movement Digestion Absorption Further digestion

DIGESTIVE TRACT A long muscular tube with many sections and

areas Starts with mouth ends with anus Parts of digestive tract:

Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Lrge intestine anus

ACCESSORY PARTS

These are not present in digestive tract but helps in digestion of food

teethtonguesalivary glandslivergall bladderpancreas

ENZYMES OF STOMACH PEPSIN: major enzyme converts protiens

into peptides mucus:lubricates food and protects from

strong digestive juices It converts blous into liquid form Chyme after 4 hrs of mechanical and

chemical digestion Chyme passes into small intestine

through sphincter

REMOVAL OF WASTE Two types of wastes 1. Solid waste-from the digestive

system in the form of feces2. Metabolic waste:water, carbon di

oxide, urea,salts

ORGANS OF EXCRETION Skin liver Lungs kidneys

SURGERY OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Lips Vestible of mouth Tongue and floor mouth Dentoalveolar structures Palate and uvula Salivary glands and duct Pharynx,adenoids and tonsils

Esophagus Stomach Intestines meckel’s diverticulam and the

mesentry Appendix Colon and rectum

Anus Liver Biliary tract Pancreas Abdomen,peritoneum,and omentum

TYPE OF SURGERIES General surgeries involved in digestive system

are Incision making a cut to drain the fluid Excision partial removal of a tissue Biopsy pathological examination of a removed

tissue Destruction Ablation of a tissue either it may

be benign,premalignant, or malignant tissue by any method with or without curettement(scrapping).

Repair :- after excision the resultant wound is closed by repair

Repair is performed by utilizing sutures, staples, or tissue adhesives(ex,2-cyanoacrylate)

Repair can be done in 3 ways a)Simple repair b)Intermediate repair c)Complex repair

LIPS Vermilionectomy:  surgical procedure

used to remove a growth that can form at the border where the lips meet the skin,it is also known as lip shave.

Cheiloplasty: is the technical term for surgery of the lip.in this surgery size of the lip is reduced

Range of code(40490-40799)

VESTIBULE OF MOUTH Frenectomy is the removal of a 

frenulum, a small fold of tissue that prevents an organ in the body from moving too far

Frenotomy incision into the frenulum Vestibuloplasty surgical modification of

ginginva Range of code(40800-40899)

TONGUE AND FLOOR OF MOUTH It includes various types of surgery procedures based

upon the type of surgery code range may varies. Glossectomy surgical removal of all or a portion of

the tongue Tracheostomy

creation of an opening into the TRACHEA through the neck

Micrognathia is a condition where abnormal smallness of the jaws, especially the lower jaw.

Frenoplasty surgery of frenum Range of code(41000-41599)

DENTOALVEOLAR STRUCTURES Gingivectomy surgery of gingiva Operculectomy

 surgical removal of the operculum, a flap of tissue over a partially erupted tooth.

Alveolectomy surgical excision of part of the alveolar process.

Range of code(41800-41899)

PALATE AND UVULA Major function of this uvula is prevent food from

entering the nasal cavity. Uvulectomy excision of the uvula. Palatopharyngoplasty

a trimming back of excess palatal and pharyngeal tissue, done in order to widen the airway and relieve obstructive sleep apnea or severe snoring.

Palatoplasty surgical reconstruction of the palate Range of code(42000-42299)

SALIVARY GLAND AND DUCT Salivary gland(exocrine gland) which produces saliva. Sialolithotomy excision of a salivary calculus(stone

formation) Marsupialization

conversion of a closed cavity, such as an abscess or cyst   into an open pouch, by incising it and suturing the edges  of its wall to the edges of the wound.

Sialography study of salivary gland Salivary fistula

any abnormal  passage within body tissue, usually between two internal organs.

range of code(42300-42699)

PHARYNX,ADENOIDS AND TONSILS Adenoids are located in nasopharynx. Never assign modifier 50 for surgical

procedures. Tonsillectomy sugery of tonsils Adenoidectomy surgery of adenoids. Range of code(42700-42999)

ESOPHAGUS It is also known as food pipe or gullet

through which food is passed Esophagotomy creation of an artificial

opening into the esophagus. Thoracotomy incision into the pleural

space of the chest Range of code(43020-43135)

ENDOSCOPY It is an instrument used to examine the interior of a

hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike most other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ.

Endoscopy is used to study various organic systems like

a) Gi tract b) Respiratory tractc) Urinory tractd) Reproductive systeme) Laproscopy

ESOPHAGOSCOPY Esophagoscopy includes examination from the cricopharyngeus

muscle(upper esophageal sphincter) to and including the gastroesophageal junction. It may also includes examination of the proximal region of the stomach via retroflexion when performed

Diverticulectomy surgical removal of abnormal pouch of the small intestine

Band ligation is used to treat enlarged veins in the esophagus Snare technique used for surgical extraction and cauterization Esophagus stricture narrowing of esophagus in such conditions

dilation of esophagus is required. Range of code(43180-43233)

ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY for examination of the cricopharyngeus

muscle(upper esophageal sphincter) to and including the gastroesophageal junction. It may also includes examination of the proximal region of the stomach via retroflexion when performed and finally upto duodenum.

 gastrointestinal tract down to the duodenum. If repeat exam is not planned use modifier-52 If repeat exam is planned due to incomplete

evaluation use modifier-53 Range of code(43235-43210)

ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY

ERCP is a procedure that enables your physician to examine the pancreatic and bile ducts.

If ERCP is attempted but with unsuccessful cannulation use codes 43235-443259,43266,43270

For percutaneous biliary catheter procedures see 47490-47544

If more than one stent placed during the same session reported with 43274 and modifier 59

Sphincteroplasty reconstruction of anal sphincter

Range of code(43260-43278)

LAPAROSCOPIC FUNDOPLASTY Nissen fundoplication,

or laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication when performed via laparoscopic surgery, is a surgical procedure to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) and hiatal hernia.

Esophagoplasty repair and reconstruction of esophagus

Range of code(43280-43499)

STOMACH Gastrotomy creation of an artificial

opening into the stomach Laprotomy incision into the abdominal

wall Vagotomy surgical removing part of

vagous nerve Range of code(43500-43641)

GASTRIC INTUBATION

is a medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (nasogastric tube or NG tube) through the nose, past the throat, and down into the stomach

Two types of intubation Orogastric tube(through mouth) Nasogastric tube(through nose) This technique is used to aspire the gastric

contents as well injecting Range of code(43753-43761)

BARIATRIC SURGERY In simple words it is a weight loss

surgery. Weight loss is achieved by reducing the size of the stomach  or removal of a portion of the stomach or by resecting and re-routing the small intestine to a small stomach pouch.

It may involve the stomach duodenum,jejunam,and the ileum

Range of code(43770-43846)

MECKEL’S DIVERTICULAM  is a slight bulge in the small

intestine present at birth. It is the most common malformation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Range of code(44800-44899) 

APPENDIX The  is a blind-ended tube connected to

the cecum, from which it develops in the embryo.

Appendicitis is the common condition of appendix

Range of code(44900-44979)

COLON AND RECTUM Proctosigmoidoscopy is the examination of

rectum and may include portion of the sigmoid colon

Sigmoidoscopy examination of the entire rectum,sigmoid colon and may include a portion of the descending colon

Colonoscopy examination of entire colon from the rectum to the cecum and may include terminal ileum or small intestine proximal to an anastomosis

Colonoscopy through stoma examination of the colon from the colostomy stoma to the cecum,and may include terminal ileum or small intestine proximal to an anastomosis.

physician is performing total colonoscopy if the physician is unable to perform to cecum report 45378 with modifier 53.

Range of code(45300-45999)

ANUS Fistulotomy surgical removal of anal fistula Seton Placement A seton (silk string or rubber band) is used to either: Create scar tissue around part of the sphincter

muscle before cutting it with a knife Allow the seton to slowly cut all the way through the

muscle over the course of several weeks The seton may also aid in the drainage of the fistula. Hemorrhoidectomy surgical removal of hemorrhoids Range(46020-46999)

ABDOMEN,PERITONEUM, AND OMENTUM

Hernioplasty surgical operation for the correction of hernia

Herniorrhaphy suture repair of hernia Herniotomy surgical incision of hernia Omentum is a fold of peritonium

connecting the stomach and the abdominal viscera.

Range of code(49000-49999) https://www.medesunglobal.com

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