dipendra&sachin

7/31/2019 Dipendra&Sachin

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http://www.thecolorsofindia.com/tulsi/index.html


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Contents:-

Introduction.

What are spiders ?

Spider silk structure

Type of spider silk

Spinning of spider silk

Properties of spider silk Youngs modulus

Applications of spider silk

Conclusion

References


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INTRODUCTION

Increasing oil-prices leads the growing threat of oil-shortages. It hasgreater impact on environment and greenhouse gases (Kyoto).The

resulting changes in climate are all leading to an increased concernabout the future of our oil-based economy. Initiatives are set up in searchof alternatives both in the area of energy resources and raw materials.Although a number of biopolymers are applied to a limited extent intextile industry, further research is needed to fully explore and valorizethe potentialities of bio-based polymers and their unique properties.

Biopolymers are polymers that are produced from renewable naturalsources. These are biodegradable, and non toxic to produce. These arerenewable, sustainable, and can be carbon neutral. Biopolymer can beproduced by biological systems (i.e. micro-organisms, plants andanimals), or chemically synthesized from biological starting materials(e.g. sugars, starch, natural fats or oils, etc.).


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What are spiders?

Spiders are arachnidsbut not insects but

both belongs to thesame group of animalcalled arthropodsmeaning animals withhard external skeleton& jointed limbs.

(artho=joint,

pods=limbs)


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Type of spider silk

dragline silk: Used for the web's outer rim and spokes, as wellas for the lifeline. As strong as steel, but much tougher.

capture-spiral silk: Used for the capturing lines of the web.Sticky, extremely stretchy and tough.

tubiliform silk: Used for protective egg sacs. Stiffest silk.

aciniform silk: Used to wrap and secure freshly captured prey.Two to three times as tough as the other silks, including

dragline.

minor-ampullate silk: Used for temporary scaffolding duringweb construction
http://c/wiki/Lifelinehttp://c/wiki/Lifeline


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Type of spider silk


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Spinning of spider silk

The spiders spinneret

is made of hundreds of

tubes coming from thesilk gland.

The glands are called

major ampullate and

minor ampullate, andthe number of gland the

spider has varies with

species.


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Properties of spider silk

Spider silk is a remarkably strong material. Its tensilestrength is superior to that of high-grade steel,

spider silk is extremely lightweight: a strand of spidersilk long enough to circle the earth would weigh lessthan 16 ounces (450 g).[6]

Spider silk is also especially ductile, able to stretch

up to 40% of its length without breaking. This gives it a very high toughness, which "equals

that of commercial polyaramid filaments, whichthemselves are benchmarks of modern polymer fiber

technology."[7]
http://c/wiki/Silkhttp://c/wiki/Tensile_strengthhttp://c/wiki/Tensile_strengthhttp://c/wiki/Steelhttp://c/wiki/Ouncehttp://c/wiki/Gramhttp://c/wiki/Ductilehttp://c/wiki/Toughnesshttp://c/wiki/Aramidhttp://c/wiki/Aramidhttp://c/wiki/Toughnesshttp://c/wiki/Ductilehttp://c/wiki/Gramhttp://c/wiki/Ouncehttp://c/wiki/Steelhttp://c/wiki/Tensile_strengthhttp://c/wiki/Tensile_strengthhttp://c/wiki/Tensile_strengthhttp://c/wiki/Silk


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Youngs modulus(elasticity)=stress/ strain


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Applications of spider silk

Bullet-proof clothing

Wear-resistant lightweight clothing

Ropes ,net, set belt, parasuits,

Rust-free panels on motor vehicles or boats

Biodegradable bottles

Bandages, surgical thread

Artificial tendons or ligaments, supports for weakblood vessels.

The silk of Nephila clavipeshas recently been used tohelp in mammalianneuronal regeneration. [11]
http://c/wiki/Nephila_clavipeshttp://c/wiki/Mammalhttp://c/wiki/Neuronhttp://c/wiki/Neuronhttp://c/wiki/Mammalhttp://c/wiki/Nephila_clavipes


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Conclusion

From the above discussion .The conclusion that, of excellentmechanical properties, wide applications in the fields of textile,medical, electrical etc.

Man has not been able to use the spider silk efficiently . Though itis having many positive aspects, the production on industrialbasic is not grown.

A Canadian company attempted in producing spider silk using aprotein in transgenic goat artificially, the quality produced was

much inferior to naturally produced spider silk. The combination of high strength & super toughness is likely to

push dragline silk into impact & tear proof textile where stronge &flexible materials are required.

More research & thinking is needed in the direction of starting the

production on industrial basis & flourishing it.


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