diplomski hala

7/25/2019 Diplomski Hala

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UNIVERZITET U SARAJEVU GRAĐEVINSKI FAKULTET

Sadržaj:

1. Diplom!i "ada#a!

$. I"%or dipo"i&io'o( rj)*)'ja i #)+'i,!i opi

-. A'ali"a op#)r))'ja

/. S#a#i,!i prora,0' i dim)'"io'ira'j)

. 2rora,0' d)#alja 3)"a

4. Sp)&i5i!a&ija ,)li!a

6. Na&r#i

777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 DI2L89SKI RAD K8VAI; DU<RAVKA 1=$>K

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1. Diplomski zadatak


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2. Izbor dispozicionog rješenja i tehnički opis

Zada#!om j) "ada#o da ) iproj)!#0j) d3o%rod'a i'd0#rij!a +ala d0ži') ?=@==m.al0 0 j)d'om %rod0 opl0ž0j) mo#'a di"ali&a 'oi3o#i $=!N@a rapo'om od$@==m.Vii'a (or'j) i3i&) *i') BGIC 'ala"i ) 'a !o#i ?@==m.

Dr0(i %rod ')ma mo#'0 di"ali&0@rapo'a j) 1?@==m a mi'imal'im 3ij)#lom 3ii'om +al)6@==m.Ciri'a i 3ii'a +al) odr))') 0 'a o'o30 (a%ari#'i+ dim)'"ija mo#') di"ali&) i 0lo3a + 6@==m.Tlo j) do%r) 'oi3o#i.

2.1. Izbor dispozicionog rješenja

8da%ir op#imal'o( dipo"i&io'o( rj)*)'ja +al) j) do%i3)' 'a o'o30 #)+'oH)!o'om!i+ po!a"a#)lja.Ra"ma#ra'i 0:

• !oli,i'a 0#ro*)'o( ,)li!a@• "a+#j)3 lo%od'i+ po3r*i'a i 'oi3o#i di"ali&)@• od3od'ja 3od)@'ij)(a@• i#)m "a o3j)#lja3a'j)@(rija'j) i pro3j)#ra3a'j) +al).

ala j) 0 o'o3i d3o%rod'a.Gla3'i 'oi3i i#)m ) a#oji od )rij) (la3'i+ #0%o3a 'a !oj)) ola'ja !ro3'a !o'#r0!&ija.Gla3'i 'oa,i 0 'a ra"ma!0 1=m.Z%o( #a!3o( rapo'a j) %ilo pož)lj'o 03oji#i R rož'ja,).Ka!o %i ) o%)"%ij)dila

')d)5orma%il'o# 0 5a"i mo'#až) o3i+ rož'ja,a@')op+od'a j) primj)'a "a#)(a %ar 0 #r)i'amarapo'a.Da %i ) 0ma'jilo )!0'dar'o op#)r))'j) lj)m)'ja,) 0lj)d 3)"i3a'ja "a#)(a@ "a#)()0 !raj'jim poljima ) 3)ž0 'a (la3'i 'oa,.Gla3'i 'oa, j) ')"'a#'o op#)r))' od o3i+"a#)(a.Z%o( rapo'a (la3'i+ 'oa,a 1=m4m ')op+od'o j) i po#a3lja'j) 5aad'i+ #0%o3a 'a

polo3i'ama #o( rapo'a.2r)!o rož'ja,a i 5aad'i+ #0%o3a ) op#)r))'j) dalj) pr)'oi 'a (la3'i 'oi3i i#)m.U !ro3'oj ra3'i ) 'ala") popr),'i i pod0ž'i !ro3'i pr)(.2r3i %rod opl0ž0j) mo#'a di"ali&a.Ta!o da ) 0 'j)m0 'ala"i !ra'!a #a"a@pr)( "a prij)mila %o,'i+ 0dara@pr)( "a prij)m ila !o,)'ja.83aj pr)( "a prij)m ila %o,'i+ 0darama'j0j) rapo' 5aad'i+ #0%o3a 0 pod0ž'om "id0.

U pod0ž'om "id0 ) 'ala"i 3)r#i!al'i pr)(.V)i %rod ima i +ori"o'#al'i pr)( 0" !al!a' !oji ma'j0j) d0ži'0 5aad'i+ #0%o3a 0!al!a'!om "id0.

Napra3lj)'o j) 3i*) 3arija'#i@od ,)(a 0 03oj)') #ri.

I varijantno rješenje Na(i% !ro3') ra3'i o%a %roda j) 'a d3ij) 3od)@a i"'oi 1=.I" 0lo3a da j) 0 dr0(om %rod0 +6@==m@'iži j) od pr3o( %roda.To j) do%ro a #a'o3i*#a ma'j)'o( 0#ro*!ama#)rijala@#ro*!o3a "a(rija3a'ja@ pro3j)#ra3a'ja.9a'a j) pada'j) 'ij)(a a 3))(

%roda@'j)(o3o "adrža3a'j) 'a ma'j)m %rod0...Gla3'i i#)m pr3o( %roda j) r)*)#!a#i.V)"a (la3'i+ #0%o3a i !ro3'o( 3)"a,a j) !r0#a.


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Gla3'i i#)m dr0(o( %roda j) od p0'i+ pro5ila@*#o j) 0lo3lj)'o ma'jim rapo'om da#o( %roda. V)"a (la3'o( #0%a i !ro3'o( 3)"a,a j) !r0#a.

II varijantno rješenje

Na(i% !o3') ra3'i pr3o( %roda j) 'a d3ij) 3od)@a dr0(o( %roda 'a j)d'0 3od0.I"'oi1=.83im j) 0 od'o0 'a pr3o 3arija'#'o rj)*)'j) +al) rij)*)'o 3)) "adrža3a'j)'ij)(a@od3od'ja j) 3a'j!a 0" o%im') "ido3)...Gla3'i i#)m pr3o( %roda j) r)*)#!a#i.V)"a (la3'i+ #0%o3a i !ro3'o( 3)"a,a j) "(lo%'a.Gla3'i i#)m dr0(o( %roda j) od p0'i+ pro5ila.V)"a (la3'o( #0%a i !ro3'o( 3)"a,a j) !r0#a.

III varijantno rješenje Na%roja') !ara!#)ri#i!) 0 dr0(om 3arija'#'o rj)*)'j0 0 i#) i "a o3o 3arija'#'orj)*)'j).Ra"li!a j) 0 i"%or0 p0'i+ 'oa,a.Tim) j) po3)a'a po#ro*'ja ma#)rijala.Gla3'i i#)m o%a %roda j) od p0'i+ pro5ila.V)"a (la3'i+ #0%o3a i !ro3'o( 3)"a,a j) !r0#a.

U3oj)'o 3arija'#'o rj)*)'j) j) II varijantno rješenje.

2.2. Tehnički opis

Tlo j) do%r) 'oi3o#i #o j) omo(0ilo i"%or #a#i,!i ')odr))'o( 'oa,a. Krovni pokrivač j) )'d3i, pro5ilia'i lim.Kro3 j) 0 pr3om %rod0 'a d3ij) 3od)@a 0 dr0(om %rod0 'a j)d'0 3od0.Na(i%a ja 1=.

U pod0ž'om pra3&0@ra"ma! (la3'i+ 'oa,a j) l1=@==m.I" #o( proi"ila"i da j) rožnjača R“ nosač i #o:

• (or'ji poja U?=• ip0'a $• do'ji poja L1$=M1$=M1$

Nala") ) 'a m)0o%'om ra"ma!0 $@$m. Glavni nosač #0%o3i !ro3'i 3)"a,.

Glavni vezač pr3o( %roda ) a#oji od r)*)#!a#) ri(l) a 3ii'om 0 #j)m)'0 $@4=m@a (or'jim pojaom 'a(i%a 1=@rapo'a $6m.Ri(la ) ola'ja 'a r)*)#!a#) #0%o3).V)"a #0%H!ro3'i3)"a, j) "(lo%'a.Gla3'i 3)"a,i 0 'a ra"ma!0 1=m.C#apo3i r)*)#!a#o( !ro3'o( 3)"a,a:

• (or'ji poja I2E-4=• dija(o'al) D1 @ D$ L11=M11=M1=• dija(o'al) D- @ D/ @ D @ D4 L4M4M4• 3)r#i!al) V1 @ V$ L1==M1==M?• 3)r#i!al) V- @ V/ @ V @ V4 L4M4M?• do'ji poja I2E$6=


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Glavni vezač dr0(o( %roda j) p0'i 'oa, 0 'a(i%0 1=@3ii') =@?=m@rapo'a 1?m.8la'ja ) j)d') #a') 'a #0% p0'o( popr),'o( pr)j)!a@a dr0() 'a #0% pr3o( %roda.V)"a #0%H!ro3'i 3)"a, j) !r0#a.

Stubovi glavnog vezača pr3o( %roda ) 'a !o#i H=@= ola'jaj0 'a #)m)lj) am&)@50'dira') 'a

!o#i H1@=m.Do'ji dio #0%a j) do !o#) 6@1$m r)*)#!a#:• 3a'j!i poja U$$=• dija(o'al) $L=M=M• 3)r#i!al) L/M/M• 0'0#r*'ji poja I2E$$=

8'i ra"ma! poja'i+ *#apo3a j) 1@$=m .Gor'ji dio #0%a od !o#) 6@1$m pa 'a3i*) j) I2</==.S#0% dr0(o( %roda@!raj'ji #0% j) !o'#a'#'o( popr),'o( pr)j)!a I2<6==.S#0%o3i (la3'o( 'oa,a ) pr)!o l)ži*') plo,) i a'!)r 3ija!a 3)"0j0 "a #)m)lj) am&).

Nosači dizalica i#)ma pro#) (r)d)@rapo'a 1=m@ola'jaj0 ) 'a r)*)#!a#i #0% 'a !o#i6@1$m.

Za prij)m ila !o,)'ja 0 r)di*'j)m polj0 +al) B/H 0 ra3'i 0'0#ra*'j)( pojaa #0%o3a )'ala"i spreg protiv kočenja: L?=M?=M?.V)r#i!al'o pomj)rlji3a !o'"ola pr)(a "a prij)m ila !o,)'ja : 82?=M?=M-.

Spreg protiv bočnih udara j) po#a3lj)' 0 'i3o0 (or'j)( pojaa !ra'!o( 'oa,a 'a !o#i6@?6m:

• dija(o'al) L?=M?=M?• 3)r#i!al) L4=M4=M4

• doda#'i poja ?=[

Fasada kalkanskog zida ) a#oji od :• zidne oblogeHd3oloj'i pro5ilia'i lim a od(o3araj0om #)rmoi"ola&ijomB)'d3i,• fasadnih rigli 82$==M1==M/ 'a !o#ama =@/=-@646@1$@ O3)i %rod P

=@/=-@646@1$ Oma'ji %rod• fasadnih stubova 82$$=M1/=M@4 'a m)0o%'om ra"ma!0

$@$P/@=mP/@=mP/@=mP/@=mP/@=mP$@$m O3)i %rod$@$mP$@$mP$@$mP/@=mP$@$mP$@$mP$@$m Hma'ji %rodFaad'i #0%o3i 0 50'dira'i 'a !o#i H1@6m.

Krovni poprečni spreg ) 'ala"i 'a !raj)3ima polja 1H$ i ?H:

• dija(o'al) L1==M1==M?• doda#'i poja L4=M4=M4

orizontalni spreg u kalkanu 'a !o#i 6@?6m:• poja L1==M1==M1=• dija(o'al) L1==M1==M1=• 3)r#i!al) L4=M4=M4

!ertikalni spregovi u podužno" zidu primaj0 r)a!&ij) od pr)#+od'a d3a pr)(a. Nala") ) 'a!raj)3ima polja 1H$ i ?H.V)i %rod: L1$=M1$=M1$.9a'ji %rod: L1==M1==M1=.


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Fasadnu konstrukciju podužnog zida ,i') :• zidne oblogeHd3oloj'i pro5ilia'i al. lim a od(o3araj0om #)rmoi"ola&ijomB)'d3i,• fasadnih rigli 82$==M1==M/rapo'a m@'a !o#ama =@/=-@646@1$@O3)i

%rodP =@/=-@646@1$Oma'ji %rod

• fasadnih stubova 82$$=M1/=M@4 'a m)0o%'om ra"ma!0 1=m.Faad'i #0%o3i 0 50'dira'i 'a !o#i H1@6m.

Svjetlosni otvori 0 mj)#)'i 0 pod0ž'im "ido3ima i "a%a#'om dij)l0 'a a#a30 %rodo3a i #o0 3id0 "a#a!lj)'i+ po3r*i'a.Tr)%a o%)"%j)di#i da ) pri d')3'oj 3j)#lo#i %)" doda#'o(3j)*#a,!o( o3j)#lj)'ja mož) ')m)#a'o od3ija#i rad 0 +ali.

#dvodnjavanje j) pr)!o l)ž)i+ ol0!a &ij)lim o%imom +al).V)r#i!al'i ol0&i 0 0" (la3')#0%o3).


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3.Analiza optereenja

3.1.!talno optereenje"vlastita te#ina$

2rora,0' +al) ) 3r*i 0 pro(ram0 QSA2$===. Na!o' d)5i'ia'ja ()om)#rij!i+ !ara!#)ri#i!a i#)ma i popr),'i+

pr)j)!a@op#3)'0 #)ži'0 3i+ !o'#r0!#i3'i+ )l)m)'a#a pro(ramam ra,0'a3a i 0"ima 0 o%"ir.J)di'o op#)r))'j) !oj) ) dodaj)!ao #al'o j)#) : op#3)'a #)ži'a !ro3'o( po!ri3a,a i 5aad'i+o%lo(a@i'#ala&ija.

• $naliza optere%enja krovnog pokrivača

Za !ro3'i po!ri3a, i 5aad') o%lo() 03oj)'i 0 #)rmoi"ola&io'i pa')liTop#)rm @5irm) Al#)r'a#i3a i" Z)'i&).S)'d3i, pa')li 0@#j.!o'#r0ia'i 0 od d3ij) pro5ilia') o%lo() od ,)li,'o(lima d)%lji') =@ =@mm i ip0'om od mi')ral') ')a(ori3)30').Va'j!i lim j) #rap)"'o pro5ilia'i lim@a 0'0#ra*'ji j) mi!ropro5ilira'i.

D)%lji'a pa')la S 4= mm

T)ži'a (16@2

kg

m P F)=@> F)=@

9i'.pad !ro3a 6 Ciri'a pa')la 1=== mm. D0ži'a pa')la do 1/m.

Dop0*#)'a 0dalj)'o# i"m)0 olo'a&a "a !ro3'i pa')l "a3i'a j) od 3)li,i')3a'j!o( op#)r))'ja i #a#i,!o( i#)ma@ od'o'o 'a,i'a ola'ja'ja !ro3'o( pa')la. S#a#i,!i i#)m ili %roj polja : #ri polja Dop0*#)'o op#)r))'j) $@==!N>m$

• Dim)'"io'ira'j) !ro3'o( po!ri3a,a

H i'#ala&ij) i 2

kNg 0, 05

m=

kp 2

kNg 0,175

m= H !o) !ro3') po3r*i')

777777777777777777777777777777777777777

kp 2

kNg 0,18

m=

2ro3j)ra 'oi3o#i po!ri3a,a:

( =@1?1@$=1@-?2

kN

m$@=

2

kN

m

($

!N G =@1? 1@$ &o@ 61S G 1@-6

mcos× × $@=

2

kN

m


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( ( )- ?

$

W W =@4/? !NH =@1? H=@1-

&o &o@61 m

+−

$@=

2

kN

m

( $

=@14$ !N =@1? =@ -/

&o@ 61S m

3w

cos

$@=2

kN

m U3oj)' j) ra"ma#ra'i po!ri3a,.

3.2. %ptereenje od snijega

A'ali"a op#)r))'ja 'ij)(om ) ) i"3r*i#i 0 !lad0 a 3až)im propiima. 8%j)!a# ) 'ala"i 0 Saraj)30.Nadmor!a 3ii'a i"'oi 4-=m.

Na(i% !ro3') ra3'i j) X@61o.

== =@6

/==−= +

$

!N 1@=1

m=

2o pr)por0&i ) "a ,)li,') !o'#r0!&ij) !ao mi'imal'o op#)r))'j) od 'ij)(a 0"ima :

$

!N 1@$=

m= Ho'o3) !ro3a

1@$ $@$$@6=

Y

$@6= !N1@-

$ $ m

= =

9o(0) *)m) op#)r))'ja 'ij)(om:


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$ $

• Z%o( d)'i3)la&ij) !ro3a j) ')op+od'o pro3j)ri#i 0#i&aj !li"a'ja 'ij)(a a 3io,ij)(dij)la !ro3a 'a 'iži i mj)#imi,'o 'a(omila3a'j).U 'a*im propiima ')ma0p0##a3a.2o#oj) a'ali#i,!i i"ra"i i" #a'darda DIN1=:

010Z

0

0$

+

1 $

!N[ 1@$=

m=

[ [ [2 s w= ×

[s − doda#'i 0#i&aj op#)r))'ja 'ij)(om 0lj)d 'j)(o3o( !li"a'ja a 3io,ij)( dij)la!ro3a

[w − doda#'i 0#i&aj od 'a3)ja3a'ja 'ij)(a

1 [s 0⇒ =

1 $W

l l ! +[

$ +

+ ×= ≤

× @ W

=@?=[ /@==≤ ≤

+H 3ii'!a ra"li!a o%j)!a#a

!- -

!N

m

W $ 1? $ 1@4=[ 1-@// $@44$ 1@4= 1@$=+ ×= = ≤ = ⇒× 0lo3 'ij) ip0'j)'


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[w 0= Nije potrebno dodatno opterećenje usljed navedenih razloga.

3.3. %ptereenje od vjetra

A'ali"a op#)r))'ja od 0#i&aja 3j)#ra ) ) 3r*i#i pr)ma 3a")im propiima:

JUS U.\6.11= JUS U.\6.111 JUS U.\6.11$ JUS U.\6.11- 8p#)r))'j) 3j)#rom :

( ) [ ]$

- $ $(.T." m@=@1= # T " " "

1 \ A 3 ! ! 1= S K G \ A !N$

−= × × = ×ρ× × × × × × × × ×

Vr)m)'!i 5a!#or or)d'ja3a'ja #4= mi'.2o3ra#'i p)riod T=(od.

H o'o3'i pri#ia! 3j)#ra

-

m@=@1= m@=@1= # T $

1 !N B3 ! ! 1=

$ m− = × × × × ×

ρ

&osrednjeni a)rodi'ami,!i pri#ia! 3j)#ra

$ $ $ - $ $

m@T@" m@T@1= " " m@#@1= # # " " $

1 !N S K B3 ! ! 1= S K

$ m− = × × = × × × × × × ×

ρ

Ha)rodi'ami,!i pri#ia! 3j)#ra B(la3'i 'oi3i i#)m

( ) [ ]$ - $ $

(.T." mT" " m.T.1= # T " " " $

1 !N G 3 ! ! 1= S K G

$ m−= × = ×ρ× × × × × × ×

Ha)rodi'ami,!i pri#ia! 3j)#ra B#)m)lji

( ) [ ]$ - $ $

(.T." mT" " m.T.1= # T " " " $

1 !N G 3 ! ! 1= S K G

$ m

−= × = ×ρ× × × × × × ×

ρ H (0#i'a 3a"d0+a 3

kg

m

@=@1="v H o'o3'a %r"i'a 3j)#ra m

s

m H po!a"a#)lj ord'ja3a'ja %r"i') 3j)#ra

T H (odi') po3ra#'o( p)rioda %r"i') 3j)#ra godine

# H 3r)m)'!i 5a!#or or)d'ja3a'ja" H 3ii'a poma#ra'o( o%j)!#a i"'ad #)r)'a

( H 0dar'i !o)5i&ij)'a# H pri#ia! 3j)#ra


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Tk H 5a!#or po3ra#'o( p)rioda o'o3') %r"i') 3j)#ra ! # H 5a!#or 3r)m)'!o( or)d'ja3a'ja o'o3') %r"i') 3j)#ra z S H 5a!#or #opo(ra5ij) #)r)'a

K " H 5a!#or )!po"i&ij)

zG H di'a'i,!i !o)5i&ij)'# C H !o)5i&ij)'# il) > o%li!a >

A H po3r*i'a 'a !oj0 dj)l0j) op#r))'j) 3j)#ra

1 Lo!a&ija o%j)!#a Saraj)3o

$ Vr#a o%j)!#a I'd0#rij!a d3o%rod'a +ala

- 8%li! "(rad)

Z(rada ima a d3o3od'i !ro3 B3)i %rod i j)d'o3od'i!ro3 Bma'ji %rod

Na(i% !ro3a j) 1=Vii'a lj)m)'a 3))( %roda j) 1-@6= m@a 3ii'a ma'j)(

%roda 1=@6mo'o3a /M?=m$

/ Ko'#r0!&ija• Gla3'a H ,)li,'i o!3ir • S)!0'dar'a H r)*)#!a#) rož'ja,)@ 5aad'i

#0%o3i

8%lo(a Lim)'i )'d3i,

2 2oda&i o 3j)#r0 i #)r)'0

6 8'o3'a %r"i'a 3j)#ra s/m23v 10.50.m =

? T)r)' 8#3or)'i #)r)'@ !laa +rapa3o#i <


11




2ola"'i poda&i :

U3oj)'i poda&i:

H o'o3'i pri#ia! 3j)#ra-

m@=@1= m@=@1= # T $

1 !N B3 ! ! 1= =@-$/

$ m−= × × × × × =ρ

&osrednjeni a)rodi'ami,!i pri#ia! 3j)#ra

$ $ $ - $ $

m@T@" m@T@1= " " m@#@1= # # " " $

1 !N S K B3 ! ! 1= S K =@-$/

$ m−= × × = × × × × × × × =ρ

Ha)rodi'ami,!i pri#ia! 3j)#ra

( )$ - $ $

(.T." mT" " m.T.1= # T " " " $

1 !N G 3 ! ! 1= S K G =@4/?

$ m−= × = ×ρ× × × × × × × =

B(la3'i 'oi3i i#)m

( )$ - $ $

(.T." mT" " m.T.1= # T " " " $

1 !N G 3 ! ! 1= S K G =@//

$ m−= × = ×ρ× × × × × × × =

B#)m)lji

( )$ - $ $

(.T." m@T@" " m.T.1= # T " " " $

1 !N G 3 ! ! 1= S K G =@?1

$ m−= × = ×ρ× × × × × × × =

B)!0'dar') !o'#r0!&ij)


G0#i'a 3a"d0+a 31,225 kg /mρ =

1=Vrij)m) or)d'ja3a'jao'o3') %r"i') 3j)#ra

# 1 + -4== ! # 1 <S U.\6.11=

112o3ra#'i p)riod o'o3')

%r"i') 3j)#ra T = (od. ! T 1 <S U.\6.11=

1$ Kr0#o# !o'#r0!&ij) Kr0#a !o'#r0!&ija

1- 8p*#i #r)#ma'!o'#r0!&ij)

2r)ma <S U.\6.111 i <S U.\6.11$ ip0'j)'i 0 3i!ri#)rij0mi "a 9ALE KRUTE ZGRADEH R)5)r)'#'a 3ii'a 1-@6 j) 1 m

H dim)'"ij) o'o3) 0pra3'a 'a pra3a&dj)lo3a'ja 3j)#ra % /@= m iliL?=m$+

"(rada 'ij) po)%'o i"lož)'a d)j#303j)#ra@ #j. #opo(ra5!i 5a!#or S" 1

1/Fa!#or )!po"i&ij)Bi"lož)'o#i !o'#r0!&ij)

2

2

z

2

z

zK b 0,14 b 1,0

10

hrp!os" # $s!o%eno K 1

α = × α = = ÷

=

1 Di'ami,!i !o)5i&ij)'#

z& 2,5= "a o%lo() i !o'#r0!&io') dj)lo3)

!oji i+ 'o)2Gz = "a (la3'i 'oi3i i#)m

z& 1,4= "a #)m)lj)

12




2ri#ia! 3j)#ra "a prora,0' (la3'i+ 'o)i+ !o'#r0!&io'i+ dij)lo3a :!ro3'i+ 3)"a,a@ #0%o3a@ ramo3a @pr)(o3a.

= × ×wp m,',z z pe

( ( & )

2ri#ia! 3j)#ra "a prora,0' dj)lo3a o%lo(): "ido3a@ )'d3i, pa')la@ pro"ora i 3ra#a@ od'o'o prora,0' !o'#r0!&io'i+ dj)lo3a !oji i+ 'o): rož'ja,)@5aad') ri(l) i 5aad'i #0%o3i. = × ×wp m,',z z p( ( & )

= −p pe pi) ) )

\ p)H !o)5i&ij)'# 3a'j!o( pri#i!a \ piH !o)5i&ij)'# 0'0#ra*'j)( pri#i!a

Ko)5i&ij)'#i polja*'j)( pri#i!a 3j)#ra \ p)

] 1 $ - / 4 6=o =@ H=@4 H=@ H=@ H=@ H=@6 H=@6

Ko)5i&ij)'#i 0'0#ra*'j)( pri#i!a 3j)#ra \ pi

2ra3a& 3j)#ra ]o =o

8#3ori ra3'omj)r'o rapor))'i ? ^ =@$

W1

W$

&1

&$ &-

&/

&

&&1

&/

&-&$

^&?

^&? ^&?

^&?

Za prora,0' )!0'dar'i+ )l)m)'a#a !o'#r0!&ij)

W) (@T@" p) p) $

!N \ =@?1 \

m = × = ×

( )Wi (@T@" pi $

!N \ =@?1 =@$= =@14$

m= × = × ± =

U!0p'o d)j#3o 3j)#ra 'a )!0'dar'0 !o'#r0!&ij0 : W W) Wi $!N m

= +


13




maM 1 $

!N B=@ =@$ =@?1 =@6$ =@14$ =@?1

m= + × = + =

mi' 1 $

!N B=@ =@$ =@?1 =@6$ =@14$ =@46

m= − × = − =

maM $ $

!N B =@4 =@$ =@?1 =@/?4 =@14$ =@-$/

m= − + × = − + = −

mi' $ $

!N B =@4 =@$ =@?1 =@/?4 =@14$ =@4/?

m= − − × = − − = −

maM - $

!N B =@ =@ $ =@?1 =@/= =@14$ =@$/-

m= − + × = − + = −

mi' - $

!N B =@ =@$ =@?1 =@/= =@14$ =@46

m

= − − × = − − = −

maM / $

!N B =@ =@$ =@?1 =@/= =@14$ =@$/-

m= − + × = − + = −

mi' / $

!N B =@ =@$ =@?1 =@/1 =@14$ =@46

m= − − × = − − = −

maM $

!N B =@ =@$ =@?1 =@/= =@14$ =@$/-

m= − + × = − + = −

mi' $

!N B =@ =@$ =@?1 =@/= =@14$ =@46

m

= − − × = − − = −

maM 4 $

!N B =@6 =@$ =@?1 =@46 =@14$ =@/=

m= − + × = − + = −

mi' 4 $

!N B =@6 =@$ =@?1 =@46 =@14$ =@6$

m= − − × = − − = −

maM 6 $

!N B =@6 =@$ =@?1 =@46 =@14$ =@/=

m= − + × = − + = −

mi' 6 $

!N B =@6 =@$ =@?1 =@46 =@14$ =@6$

m= − − × = − − = −

Za prora,0' (la3'i+ 'oi3i+ )l)m)'a#a !o'#r0!&ij) :

W) (@T@" p) p) $

!N \ =@4/? \

m = × = ×

( )Wi (@T@" pi $

!N \ =@?1 =@$= =@14$

m= × = × ± =


14




U!0p'o d)j#3o 3j)#ra 'a (la3') 'oi3) )l)m)'#) !o'#r0!&ij) : W W) Wi $

!N

m = +

maM 1 $

!N B=@ =@$ =@4/? =@?- =@14$ =@6/

m

= + × = + =

mi' 1 $

!N B=@ =@$ =@4/? =@?- =@14$ =@/$1

m= − × = − =

maM $ $

!N B =@4 =@$ =@4/? =@-? =@14$ =@$$6

m= − + × = − + = −

mi' $ $

!N B =@4 =@$ =@4/? =@-? =@14$ =@1

m= − − × = − − = −

maM - $

!N B =@ =@ $ =@4/? =@-$/ =@14$ =@14$

m

= − + × = − + = −

mi' - $

!N B =@ =@$ =@4/? =@-$/ =@14$ =@/?4

m= − − × = − − = −

maM / $

!N B =@ =@$ =@4/? =@-$/ =@14$ =@14$

m= − + × = − + = −

mi' / $

!N B =@ =@$ =@4/? =@-$/ =@14$ =@/?4

m= − − × = − − = −

maM $

!N B =@ =@$ =@4/? =@-$/ =@14$ =@14$

m= − + × = − + = −

mi' $

!N B =@ =@$ =@4/? =@-$/ =@14$ =@/?4

m= − − × = − − = −

maM 4 $

!N B =@6 =@$ =@4/? =@// =@14$ =@$$

m= − + × = − + = −

mi' 4 $

!N B =@6 =@$ =@4/? =@// =@14$ =@414

m= − − × = − − = −

maM 6 $!N B =@6 =@$ =@4/? =@// =@14$ =@ $$m

= − + × = − + = −

mi' 6 $

!N B =@6 =@$ =@4/? =@// =@14$ =@414

m= − − × = − − = −

Za prora,0' #)m)lja !o'#r0!&ij) :

W) (@T@" p) p) $

!N \ =@// \

m

= × = ×


15




( )Wi (@T@" pi $

!N \ =@?1 =@$= =@14$

m= × = × ± =

U!0p'o d)j#3o 3j)#ra 'a )!0'dar'0 !o'#r0!&ij0 : W W) Wi $

!N

m = +

3.'.%ptereenje od zemljotresa

83o op#)r))'j) j) a'ali"ira'o m)#odom p)!#ral') a'ali").Ta!o *#o j) 0'))'od(o3araj0i p)!#ar 0 Sap$===.3.1=.=6@ &ilj)m do%i3a'ja 0#i&aja d)j#3a )i"mi,!i+ ila.

= d pS K G K K K K = × = × × × K o 1 O !o)5i&ij)'# !a#)(orij) o%j)!#a

K =@= H !o)5i&ij)'# )i"mi,!o( i'#)"i#)#a "a VIII "o'0

K d d

=@6=@ 1 K =@/6

T= > >

K p 1 H !o)5i&ij)'# d0!#ili#)#a i pri(0*)'ja.

3.(.)ostna dizalica

9o#'a di"ali&a SE9D$K1HU2HIV8 L8LA RI<AR

D3o(r)d'a O 1 !0!a O 0pra3lja'j) a poda2o(o'!a !laa $@pr)ma DIN1$= i DIN1/$=.

N o i 3 o # B ! N D

V i i ' a d i " a ' j a B m D

R a p o ' m o # a

B m D

R a " m a ! # o

, ! o 3 a

B m m D

G)om)#rij!) !ara!#)ri#i!) BmmS#a#i,!i pri#ia!

po #o,!o3ima

A < \ D EKN

BmaMKN

Bmi'

$= 1= $ === $== $// 1?== $$$ 14== $1? 4?

2ril!om rada mo#') di"ali&) ja3ljaj0 ) +ori"o'#al'a op#)r))'ja i #o:


16




• ori"o'#al'a op#)r))'ja popr),'a 'a !ra'!0 #a"0 ja3ljaj0 ) 0lj)d: pola!a i!o,)'ja !oli&a Bma,!)@ !oo( podi"a'ja #)r)#a i ')pra3il'o#i #a"). I'#)"i#)#+ori"o'#al'o( popr),'o( op#)r))'ja % B%o,'i 0dari 0"imaj0 ) r)da 1>1=ma!imal'i+ pri#ia!a #o,!o3a @ %)" 03)a'ja di'ami,!im !o)5i&ij)'#om.

% maM

1

21==

1

$1? $1@?!N1= × =

% maM

1 2

1==

1$1 $1@ !N

1=× =

• ori"o'#al'a op#)r))'ja 0 pra3&0 !ra'!) #a") ja3ljaj0 ) 0lj)d: pola!a i !o,)'ja!oli&a Bma,!)@ !oo( podi"a'ja #)r)#a i 0dara di"ali&) 0 od%oj'i! 'a !raj0 #a").I'#)"i#)# +ori"o'#al'o( pod0ž'o( op#)r))'ja ! Bila !o,)'ja 0"ima ) r)da 1>6ma!imal'i+ pri#ia!a #o,!o3a !oji !o,)@ %)" 03)a'ja di'ami,!im !o)5i&ij)'#om.

K maM

1 2

6=

1$1? -1@1/!N

6× =

T0 j) i 3)r#i!al'o op#)r))'j) od #o,!o3a di"ali&) maM & i mi' & @!oj) proi"3oa, daj) "a

poj)di'0 di"ali&0:21@maM$1!N 21@mi'46@!N

2$@maM$1?!N 2$@mi' 4?!N

V)r#i!al'i pri#i&i #o,!o3a di"ali&a 03od) ) 0 prora,0' pr)j),'i+ ila 'oa,a di"ali&a0m'ož)'i di'ami,!im !o)5i&ij)'#om 0dara _.Di'ami,!i !o)5i&ij)'a# 0dara _@ pr)ma <S. od'o'o DINH0 /1-$>1?=.

El)m)'#i (ra)3i'!i+ o%j)!a#a

2o(o'!a !laadi"ali&)

$

Noa,i di"ali&a B !ra'!a #a"a 1@$=

Ko'#r0!#i3'i )l)m)'#i 'a !oj) )'oa,i di"ali&) ola'jaj0 B #0%o3i@

o!3iri i#d.1@1=

Na3)d)'a #ri op#)r))'ja po#a3ljamo 0 'aj')po3olj'ij) položaj) !a!o %i do%ili ma!imal')0#i&aj) 0 (la3'om #0%0 i 0 !ra'!oj #a"i.

*ombinacije optereenja +

1. ( +

$. l ?

( W W−

+ + -. l ?( W W−+ + +


17




/. l ?( W W++ +

. d ?( W W++ + +

4. ( #++ +

6. maM1( # 2−+ + +

?. l ? 0-( W W <−+ + +

. l ? 0-( W W <−+ + + −

1=. l ? maM1( # W W 2− −+ + + +

11. maM1 0$( 2 <+ + +

1$. l ? maM1 01( # W W 2 <+ −+ + + + +

1-. l ? maM1 01( W W 2 <−+ + + +

1/. l ? 0$( # W W <+ −+ + + +

1. ! ( + +

14. l ? ! ( W W −+ + +

16. maM $( 2+ +

1?. maM1( )i"m` 2+ + +

1. maM1( )i"m 2+ + +

'.!tatički prorač,n i dimenzioniranje

'.1.-o#njača

'.1.1.%ptereenje ro#njače

Rož'ja,a ) 'ala"i 0 3)r#i!al'oj ra3'i@ #im da joj j) (or'ji pojaH !oo polož)'@r)%ro

j) paral)l'o !ooj !ro3'oj ra3'i.

' slučaj optere%enja(

pY

M r

=@1? !N ( =@1= 1@$= $@$ -@--

&o =@ m

= + + ×λ = + + × = ÷ ÷α

( ) pY

M r

=@1? !N ( W =@1= $@$ =@ /?4 =@/= $@$ 1@-6

&o &o =@ m

λ = + ×λ + × = + × + − − × = − ÷ ÷α α

Y

*( 0=

'' slučaj optere%enja(

b Y

M M

$@$ !N W -@-- =@-4 /@1/

&o =@ m

λ= + × = + × =

α


18




b Y

c

!N W i' =@-4 $@$4 =@1= =@=?1

m= ×λ × α = × × = −

IIbdopM

Y I

M dop

/@1/ 1?@=1@$? 1@1$

-@$/ 14@== = > = = ⇒ "jerodavan je drugi slučaj optere%enja

'.1.2.resječne sile "dobivene , !ap&,$+ Rož'ja,a j) #a#i,!o( i#)ma pro#) (r)d).Ta!o da 0 pr)j),') il) 0 *#apo3ima 0")#)

'a o'o30 maM. 0#i&alja 0 (r)di.Tj.• 2oja'i *#apo3i O 0 r)di'i rapo'a• Kraj'j) dija(o'al)

Kom%i'a&ija op#)r))'ja :

p M@lo!

2 1@ !N @9 =@16!Nm= − =

pZ -@-/ !N=

ip ipZ 2 16@/$ !N= − =

Gor'ji poja j) 0 #r)i'ama rapo'a pridrža' "a#)(ama 0 ra3'i !ro3a.2o*#o !ro3'i po!ri3a,ima 3)li!0 !r0#o# i poj a rož'ja,om j) do3olja' da o%)"%ij)di dj)lo3a'j) po!ri3a,a !ao!r0#) dija5ra(m).2a ) mož) 0")#i da j) (or'ji poja olo%o)' a3ija'ja 0 !ro3'oj ra3'i #j.c =.

'.1.3.Dimenzioniranje ro#njače

• /ornji pojas: D p i 9Mlo!

lo!

p M

M

D 9

A +

Pretpostavka: 0

A 11@=&m$ @ ( ?@4/kg

m IM 1=4&m/ @ M $4@&m-

Ic 1@/&m/ @ M 4@-4&m-

lo!

p M

$

M

D 9 1@ 16 !N 6@/=

A 11@= 4@-4 m+ = + =

dop $

!N G 1?

m

Usvojeno: [ 80 za gornji pojas ronja!e

• Donji pojas: Z p


19




p

po#

dop

ZA ≥

σ

$

po#

-@-/A 1@4&m

1?≥ =

Usvojeno: "#$%#$%$ A /@-=&m$ @

kgg 3,38

m=

p

dop$ $

Z 1@ !N !N 1$@1= 1?

A /@-= m m= = < =

• Isp,na ro#njače : D$

Pretpostavka: Φ2(

$ $

$ef $@ -@1/A /@1&m

/ /

× ×= = =

$

/1@$ -@1/I 1@$$&m

/

×= =

I 1@$$i =@=&m

A /@1= = =

lic =@?$ld =@?$ 11? 4?@4?&m× =

ic

c

l 4?@4?

1-6@-4i =@=λ = = ==-41H V

g $@=

c

3

g 1-6@-4g 1@/? =@$

g $@= = = >

Zag =@$ 1< ⇒ χ =

( )$ $ $1 1] ] / g @] 1 g =@$ g

h $ × + − × α × − + ÷

( ) $ $

] 1 g =@$ g 1 =@/? B1@/? =@$ 1@/? -@?14α × − + = + × − + =

$ $ $$

$ $=@-$1

-@?14 -@?14 / 1@/?] ] /χ = = =

+ − ×+ − ×λ

3i@dop $

=@-$1 $/ !N @?=

1@-- m

χ× ×= =

ν

$

$

D 16@/$ !N -@/

A /@1 m= = i@dop $

!N @?=

m=


20




Usvojeno: Φ&$ za sve dijagonale

'.1.'.Dimenzioniranje zatege

U l0&aj0 !r0#o( po!ri3a,a@"a#)(a ima #a#i,!0 50'!&ij0 amo 0 5a"i mo'#až)@do! 'ij) po#a3lj)' !ro3'i po!ri3a,.

Usvojeno: Φ&0

'.1.(.*ontrola sig,rnosti ro#njače na odizanje ,sljed siš,eg dejstva vjetra Kom%i'a&ija /: M

R 6@1/ !N=

+ ila ) prima a &'(&%l klase !vrstoće #.) 0 mo'#až'om poj0 R rož'ja,) a(or'jim pojaom 3)"a,a. "

6@1/ !N $ F $ 1?@$ -4@?!N< × = × =

z- 1?@$ !NHi" #a%)l). 2r)dim)'"iomira'o j) @ali #a!o ) pr)por0,0j).

'.1..*ontrola donjeg pojasa ro#njače na izvijanje ,sljed siš,eg dejstva vjetra Kom%i'a&ija /:

maMU $@-6 !N= − Za i"3ija'j) i"3a' ra3'i R Orož'ja,) do'ji poja L/M/M a i 1,70cmξ = @ A /@-= &m$@ima i"3ija'j):

c maM

l 1===??@$- $=

i 1@6=ξ

λ = = = > λ = ⇒ mora ) 03oji#i 3)i 0(ao'i! ili

po#a3i#i "a#)() 0 #r)i'ama rapo'a !oj) ) pridrža3a#i do'ji poja #a!o da j) d0ži'a i"3ija'jama'j)'a .Da %i 3i#!o# o#ala 0 do"3olj)'im (ra'i&a'ma@ja 0 03oji#i veći donji pojas: "(&0%(&0%(&

$

1

!(

i /@4= &m @A $6@ &m @( $1@4 @ 3 /@?= &mmξ = = = = li1===&m =@/?α =

ic

l 1===$16@-

i /@4=λ = = =

=-41H Vg $@=

c

3

gg $@-/ =@$

g= = >

Zag =@$ 1< ⇒ χ =


21




( ) $] 1 g =@$ g 6@$α × − + =

$$

$=@1/

] ] /χ = =

+ − ×λ

3

i@dop $

!N $@4

m

χ×=

ν

i@dop$ $

U !N !N=@1- $@4

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

Usvojeno : "(&0%(&0%(&

'.1.4.*ontrola ,giba 5-5 6 ro#njače

maM M dop

l 1===5 =@4$ &m 5 &m

$== $=== < = = =

'.2.7asadna rigla

Kom%i'a&ija /: N-4@4!N @ 9M 1=@16!Nm @ 9c-@1-!Nm @ TM-@6!N P Tc=@6!N Faad'a ri(la j) #a#i,!o( i#)ma pro#) (r)d)@rapo'a ==@ &m i pripadaj0) op#)r))')

*iri') -==@6&m.

'.2.1.Analiza optereenja rigle• Za 5aad'0 o%lo(0 ) !ori#i i#i #ip #)rmoi"ola&ij!i+ pa')la 3)i+ dim)'"ija:

D)%lji'a pa')la S Bmm 1$

T)ži'a 2

kg

m

F)=@> F)=@ $/@1

Ciri'a pa')la 1=== mm

D0ži'a pa')la do 1/m


22




S#a#i,!i i#)m ili %roj polja Dop0*#)'o op#)r))'j) !N>m$

Tri polja $@==

(

W

c

M

M

cW

(

'.2.2.Dimenzioniranje

Pretpostavka: *+P&00%(00%#

4 3

+ +

kgg 18, 01 , . 1189cm , / 118, 9cm

m= = =

2 4 3

* * 22,95cm ,. 405,8cm , 81,15cm= = =

Ko'#rola 'apo'a:

maM c dopmaM MmaM I$ $

M c

99 N -4@4 1=16 -1- !N !N1/@== 14

A $$@ 11?@ ?1@1 &m &mσ = + + = + + = < σ =

MM dop$ $

M

T -@6 !N !N=@/6

A $ 1= =@/ &m &mτ ≈ = = < τ =

× ×

c

c dop$ $

c

T =@6 !N !N=@=

A $ $= =@/ &m &mτ ≈ = = < τ =

× ×

Ko'#rola 0(i%a: maM M

5 =@==1m=

maM c5 =@=$6m=

$ $

maM maM M maM c dop

l ==5 5 5 =@=$6m $@=6&m 5 $@&m

$== $=== + = = < = = =

Usvojeno: *+P&00%(00%#

'.3.7asadni st,b veeg broda

Faad'i #0% j) #a#i,!o( i#)ma !o'#i'0al') (r)d) 'a d3a rapo'a 6=&m i

/&m@pripadaj0) op#)r))') *iri') 4$@&m.*iri') $?=&m.


23




l

G

% G

'.3.1.Analiza optereenja

• #)ži'a 5aad):

s 2

kNg 0,341 m

+ =

s

kNg g b 0,341 5,63 1,92

m= × = × =

• pripadaj0) op#)r))'j) od +ori"o'#al'o( !al!a'!o( pr)(a G1@!N• 3j)#ar

Hpri#ia! poljapodpri#ia! i"'0#ra: 1

& & & =@ =@$ 1@1= + = + =

Hia'j) polja'adpri#ia! i"'0#ra: = + = − − = −4 5c c c 0,5 0,2 0,7

Y

$

!NW =@?1 & =@?1 1@1 =@=

m= × = × =

Y

r

!NW W % =@ @4- @1=

m= × = × =

'.3.2.resječne sile


24




% G

l G

cW

W

M

c

M

A

<

( \

- - - -

1 $<

1 $

l lW @1= 6@= @/9 -1@$6 !Nm

? l l ? 6@= @/

+ += − × = − × = −

+ +

1 <

A1

W l 9 @1= 6@= -1@$6

R 14@1 !Nm$ l $ 6@=

× ×

= + = − =

1 $< <

1 $

W l W l 1 1 @1= 6@= @1= @/ 1 1R 9 -1@$6 /-@6/ !Nm

$ $ l l $ $ 6@= @/

× × × × = + − + = + + + = ÷ ÷

$ <

\

$

W l 9 @1= @/ -1@$6R ?@14 !Nm

$ l $ @/

× ×= + = − =

$ $

AmaM <

R 14@19 $@6= !Nm

$ W $ @1== × = =

× ×

( ) ( )A 1 $maM N V ( l l G 1@$ 6@= @/ 1@= $6@1- !N= = × + + = × + + =

'.3.3.Dimenzioniranje

Pretpostavka: *+P&&0%(#0%$,)

/ -

M M M

!(( -=@- @ I $4=/&m @ $-4@6&m @i ?@$1&m

m= = = =

$ / -

c c cA -?@44&m @ I 1$/&m @ 1?/@?&m @i @6?&m= = = =

Ko'#rola 'apo'a:dopmaMII$ $maM

M

9 N $6@1- -1$6 !N !N1-@1 14

A -?@44 $-4@6 &m &mσ = + = + = < σ =

Za i"3ija'j) 0 ra3'i a mom)'#om a3ija'ja 0lj)d popr),'o( op#)r))'ja 0 polj0 0" ]1@#r)%a %i#i "ado3olj)' 0lo3:

N 9 dop! υσ

×σ + σ ≤ σ =γ

( ) $ $ N

V

! 1 =@$ @ γ ×σ = + α × λ − + λ − λ ×σ σ = σ


25




1M

M

l 6=4@$$

i ?@$1λ = = =

M

M

4@$$1@=/

$@υ

λλ = = =

λ

r

c

c

% -=6-@11

i @6?λ = = =

c

c

-@11=@61

$@υ

λλ = = =

λ Kri3a \ H =@/?α =

N

V

1@-- =@6==@=-?

$/

γ ×σ ×σ = = =

σ M c

1@=/λ = λ = > λ

( ) $ $ $ $! 1 =@$ 1 =@/? B1@=/ =@$ 1@=/ 1@=/ =@=-? $@/ = + α × λ − + λ − λ ×σ = + × − + − × =

N 9 dop! υσ

×σ + σ ≤ σ =γ

$ $

!N !N$@/ =@6= 1-@$1 1/@- 14

m m× + = <

dop$ $

T /@46 !N !N-@?/

A $ $$ =@4 m mτ

τ ≈ = = < τ =× ×

dop

6=5 1@-&m 5 -@&m

$=== < = =

Usvojeno: *+P&&0%(#0%$,)

'.'.7asadni st,b manjeg broda

Faad'i #0% j) #a#i,!o( i#)ma pro#) (r)d) l6@=m@0dj)l0j0) *iri') m.Y

r

!NW W % =@ /@=

m= × = × =

$ $

maM polja

W l /@= ?@=9 //@ !Nm

? ?

× ×= × = =

AmaM N V ( l G 1@$ ?@= 1@= 1?@4 !N= = × + = × + =

'.'.1.Dimenzioniranje


26




Pretpostavka: *+P&&0%(#0%-,(

/ -

M M M

!(( -?@=- @ I -$=?&m @ $1@6&m @i ?@1/&m

m= = = =

$ / -c c cA /?@/&m @ I 1?4&m @ $$4@4&m @i @6$&m= = = =

Ko'#rola 'apo'a:dopmaMII$ $maM

M

9 N 1?@4 // !N !N1@4 1?

A /?@/ $1@6= &m &mσ = + = + = < σ =

1M

M

l ?=1=@--

i ?@1/λ = = =

M

M

1=@--1@16

$@υ

λλ = = =

λ

r

c

c

% -=6-@46

i @6$λ = = =

c

c

-@46=@66

$@υ

λλ = = =

λ Kri3a \ H =@/?α =

N

V

1@-- =@-?-=@=$1

$/

γ ×σ ×σ = = =

σ

M c

1@16λ = λ = > λ

( ) $ $ $ $! 1 =@$ 1 =@/? B1@16 =@$ 1@16 1@16 =@=$1 $@?1 = + α × λ − + λ − λ ×σ = + × − + − × =

N 9 dop! υσ

×σ + σ ≤ σ =γ

$ $

!N !N$@?1 =@-?- 1@$6 14@- 14

m m× + = ≈

dop$ $

T $=@=- !N !N=@4/

A $ $$ =@61 m mτ

τ ≈ = = < τ =× ×

Usvojeno:

*+P&&0%(#0%-,('.(.*ranska staza

I"ra)'a j) !ao "a3ar)'i I pro5il.S#a#i,!i i#)m j) pro#a (r)da rapo'a l1=m. H3)r#i!al'i lim: =!h 71,4cm

3.l 3.l# ? $ + ? $ =@?= @4mm= + × = + × =

rebro: -$0%(0 Hlam)l):

laele: /00%&$


27




A5 $⋅1@?/ &m$

AW61@/⋅=@61=6@1 &m$

A$/1=6@116@1 &m$

IM- -

$ /$ 1@? 1 61@/$ 1@? -4@4 $ 1=16@4 &m

1$ 1$

× ×+ × × × + = ÷

-M

1=16@4 /=$/@/4 &m

-6@= =

Kom%i'a&ija 16: 94-?@- !Nm N H4@$- !N T$$-@1 !N

'.(.1.rovjera napona i ,giba

N 4@$-

=@-A 16@1

−= = −

$

M $ $

4-?@- 1= !N !N1@?6 14

/=$/@/4 &m &m

×σ = = <

maM $ $

$$-@1 !N !N-@1$

61@/ 1 &m &mτ = = <

×

l 1===

5 =@4&m 1@--&m6= 6=

= < = =

'.(.2.*ontrola stabilnosti vertikalnog lima na izbočavanje

•$ $

M

maM maM

1 σ τ

+ ≤ ÷ ÷σ τ $

M $

9 -1@/4 1= !Nc 1@ -@6 11@--

I 1=16@4 &m

×σ = υ× × = × × =

$W W

T $$-@1 !N

1@ /@4?+ # 61@/ 1 &mτ = υ× = × =× ×• 'M mM c c\ 5 5 σσ = ×σ × ≤

c $

!N5 $/

&m=

\ 1@$ =@$ 1 =@$ 1@ 1@$ \ 1@$σ σ= − ×ψ = + = > ⇒ =

( )$ $'M p p1 5 5 σ = − ×χ + ×χ

$

$ $

$

1 "a ! 1

! $ ! "a 1 ! $

= "a $ !

σ

σ σ

σ

×α ≤

= − ×α < ×α <

< ×α


28




! $-@σ =a ==

6 % 61@/

α = = =

$! $-@ 6 $ 5 =σ ×α = × > ⇒ =

( ) ( )

$$$ $ /

E $$ $

E # $@1 1= 1 !N-@6$ % 61@/ &m1$ 1 1$ 1 =@-

π × π × × σ = × = × = ÷ ÷× − ν × −

M@&r $

!N$-@ -@6$ ??@1

&mσ = × =

p p

$/=@$ =@6 1

??@1λ = = < ⇒ χ =

'M 1σ =

'M c 'M c$ $

!N !N1@$ 1 $/ -= 5 5 $/

&m &m

σ = × × = > ⇒ σ = =

M 'M$ $

!N !N11@-- $/

&m &mσ = < σ =

•' c c

'

\ 5 5

- -τ ×τ ×

τ = ≤

\ 1@$τ =

' pτ = χ !r E! ττ = ×σ

$

/1 ! @-/ @/$τα > ⇒ = + =

α

!r $

!N@ /$ -@ 6$ $=@14

&mτ = × =

c

p

!r

5 $/=@?-

- $=@14 -λ = = =

τ × ×

p $ p

=@4 =@?==@1-

χ = =λ −

' $

1@$ =@? $/ !N1-@?4

&m-

× ×τ = =

'$ $

!N !N?@-4 1-@?4

&m &mτ = < τ =


29




•$ $

M

maM maM

1 σ τ

+ ≤ ÷ ÷σ τ

$$

11@-- -@6$=@-= 1

$/ 1-@?4

+ = < ÷ ÷ 1ertikalni li je stabilan na izbo!avanje2

'.(.2.rorač,n ,kr,enja vertikalnog lima

'.(.2.1.8kr,enje iznad oslonca Pretpostavka : &/(00%(0 3 &/(00%(0

T $$-@1!N=

W

-9 +

14 σ= × ×

( ) pl &r

- A $σ

× τ − τ= ×

c pl $

5 $/ !N1-@?4

&m- -τ = = =

&r &r $ $ $

!N =@? $/ !N !N$=@14 11@=? 11@=?

&m &m &m-

×τ = > = ⇒ τ =

( )- 1-@?4 11@ =? 61@/ 1 161@=!N

$σ

× −= × × =

-

9 =@61/ 161@= $-@=1!Nm

14

= × × =

$A -= 1 / 1= 1 6=&m= × + × × =

- - -

/1 -= 1= 1 1 1=I $ $ $/1?@--&m

1$ 1$ 1$

× × ×= + × + × =

I

i @?6&mA

= =

il =@6 61@/ -@-&m= × =

il @11i

λ = =

3

@11 =@= =@$ 1$@λλ = = = < ⇒ χ =λ


30




Ulo3 !oji #r)%a da "ado3olji 0!r0)'j):

N 9 dop! ×σ + σ ≤ σ

$1

! 1@==$$

λ ×χ= + =

χ

N $T $$-@1 !N-@1A 6= &m

σ = = =

9 $

9 $-@=1 -= !Nc =@1/

I $/1?@-- $ &mσ = × = × =

dop$ $

!N !N1@==$ -@1 =@1/ -@-/ 14

&m &m× + = < σ =

Usvojeno: &/(00%(0 3 &/(00%(0

'.(.2.2.8kr,enje , sredini raspona

Pretpostavka : &/$0%(0

cS &r W $

$ $

5 F - A 1

$- 1

$/ 6 6- 11@=? 61@/ 1 1$@=?!N

$- 1 6

α α= × − τ × × × − = ÷ ÷

+ α

= × − × × × − = ÷ ÷ +

$A 1 -= $ 1 /=&m= × + × × =

- -

$ /-= 1 1 I $ 1 - 11-@--&m

1$ 1$

× ×= + × + × × = ÷

Ii 1@6&mA= =

il =@6 61@/ -@-&m= × =

il -1@/?i

λ = =

3

@11=@-- =@$

$@

λλ = = = > ⇒ χ =

λ

( ) $ $] G 1 kg H =@ $ g G 1 =@ /?k B=@-- H =@$ =@-- G 1@ 16

$ $ $$

$ $=@-4

1@16 1@16 / =@--] ] /χ = = =

+ − ×+ − ×λ


31




3i@dop $

=@-4 $/ !N 1/@?

1@ &m

χ× ×= =

ν

dop$ $

F 1$@=? !N !N =@- 1/@?A /= &m &m= = < =

Usvojeno: &/$0%(0

'.(.3.*ontrola stabilnosti na bočno torziono izvijanje

• 2ri#i'0#a "o'a j) %o,'o pridrža'a pr)(om pro#i3 %o,'i+ 0dara.Ta,!)

pridrža3a'ja 0 'a 0dalj)'o#i 1@46m.

""

"

l/=

iλ = <

"l 1@46m=

5 "

% $i 6@$$&m

1$ 1$= = =

"

146$-@1- /=

6@$$λ = = <

Nosa! je stabilan na bo!no torziono izvijanje.

'..!preg za prijem bočnih ,dara

'..1.resječne sile9aM.0#i&aji "a dija(o'al) ) do%ij0 !ada ) maM. ila %o,'o( 0dara po#a3i 0 ,3ordija(o'al).A'alo('o ) maM. 0#i&aj "a 3)r#i!al0 do%ij) !ada j) i#a ila 0 ,3or0 3)r#i!al).


32




V1

V=

D 1

81

1

V$

V-

D -

D $

2

8$

8-

Kom%i'a&ija?: D1 H/-@= !N @ D$1@/= !N @ D- H$-@-= !N @V H$1@? !N

8-HH-@$ !NKom%i'a&ija: D11=@4- !N @ D$ H6@$ !N @ D- H4@61 !N @

V$1@? !N 8- 4$@=- !N

'..2.Dimenzioniranje štapova sprega

'..2.1.Dijagonale D p H/-@= !N D" 1@/= !N

Pretpostavka: "80%80%8 A1$@- &m$

i1@ &mD p H/-@= !N

li$=4 A1$@- &m$

i1@ &m li'ij0 i"3ija'ja "a L pro5il \ H =@/?α =

3 $@λ =

λ = =i*

132,90

i

c

3

gg 1@/- =@$

g= = >

( ) $] 1 g =@$ g -@4α × − + =

$$$ =@--?

] ] /χ = =

+ − ×λ


33




3i@dop $

!N @/1

m

χ×=

ν

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N-@= @-1A &m &mσ = = < σ =

dop$ $

1@/= !N !N/@1? 14

1$@-= &m &mσ = = < σ =

Usvojeno : "80%80%8

'..2.2.9ertikale

V^$1@? !N Pretpostavka: ")0%)0%)

A4@1 &m$

i1@?$ &m V H$1@? !N li1$= A4@1 &m$

i1@?$ &m li'ij0 i"3ija'ja "a L pro5il \ H =@/?α =

3 $@λ =

ic

l 4@-i

λ = =

c

3

gg =@61 =@$

g= = >

( ) $] 1 g =@$ g 1@6α × − + =

$$

$=@61

] ] /χ = =

+ − ×λ

3i@dop $ !N 11@= mχ× = ν

p

i@dop$ $

V !N !N-@1 @-1

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

"dop$ $

V $1@?= !N !N-@1 14

A 4@1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

Usvojeno : ")0%)0%)


34




'..2.3.Dodatni pojasD p H-@$ !N

D" 4$@=- !N Pretpostavka: 80

A11@= &m$

i1@-- &m D p H-@$ !N li1$= A11 &m$

i1@-- &m li'ij0 i"3ija'ja "a [ pro5il \ H =@/?α =

3 $@λ =

ic l =@$-

iλ = =

c

3

gg =@6 =@$

g= = >

( ) $] 1 g =@$ g $@-$α × − + =

$$

$=@6

] ] /χ = =

+ − ×λ

3i@dop $

!N ?@1

&m

χ×=

ν p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N-@6 ?@1

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

"dop$ $

V $1@?= !N !N-@1 14

A 4@1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

"dop$ $

D 4$@=- !N !N@4- 14

A 11 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

Usvojeno : 80

'.4.!preg za prijem sila kočenja

'.4.1.resječne sile i statički sistem


35




1

D1

2

D5

D7

D2

D3

3

D9

4 D8

D4

D6

Kom%i'a&ija1 : D1 H4@6- !N @ D$ 4@6-!N @ D- H/1@1 !N @ D/ /1@1!N @

D 1?@1/ !N @ D4 H1?@1/ !N @ D6 $4@1- !N @ D? H$4@1- !N P D H$-@$- !N

'.4.2.Dimenzioniranje štapova sprega

'.4.2.1.Dijagonale D p H4@6- !N D" 4@6- !N

Pretpostavka: &"80%80%8 A$/@4 &m$ @ I--@/- &m/

Ii -@61/ &m

A= =

D p H4@6- !N li/6@1= A$/@4 &m$

i-@6$ &m li'ij0 i"3ija'ja "a $L pro5il \ H =@/?α =

3 $@λ =

λ = =i*

147,07i

c

gg

g= = >

!

1,58 0,2

( ) $] G 1 g g α × − + =0,2 4,18

$] ]χ = =

+ − × λ2

20,289

4

dop $

!N1?

&m

σ =


36




3

i@dop

χ ×=

ν 2

kN5,21

cm

pi@dop$ $

D !N !N$@-1 @$1

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

"dop$ $D 4@6- !N !N$@-1 1?A $/@4 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

Usvojeno : &"80%80%8

'.4.2.2.9ertikalno pomjerljiva konzola sprega kočenja

D p H$4@1- !N D" $4@1- !N

Pretpostavka: *+P80%80% A &m$

i-@1$ &m D p H$4@1- !N A &m$

i-@1$ &m li== &m li'ij0 i"3ija'ja "a 82 pro5il \ H =@/?α =

3 $@λ =

λ = =i

*

160,29i

c

gg

g= = >

!

1,73 0,2

( ) $] 1 g gα × − + =0,2 4,72

$] ]

χ = =+ − × λ

2

20,252

4

dop $

!N1?

&mσ =

3i@dop

G χ × =

ν 2

kN4,53

cm

pi@dop$ $

D $4@1- !N !N$@= /@-

A &m &mσ = = = < σ =

"dop$ $

D $4@1- !N !N$@1 1?

A &m &mσ = = = < σ =

Usvojeno: *+P80%80%

'..oprečni krovni spreg

'..1.!tatički sistem i presječne sile


37




D7

D2

D D4

D1

D3

D6

U U1

D11

D10D5

D8

D9

-

U2

$

14

Kom%i'a&ija 4 : UH4?@=? !N P DH$4@6 !N P D11-@// !NKom%i'a&ija 1 : UH4-@= !N P DH$$@? !N P D111$@46 !N8#al) 3rij)d'o#i 0 da#i !ada %0d)m prora,0'a3ala d)#alj) 3)"a.

'..2.Dimenzioniranje štapova sprega

'..2.1. DijagonaleD p H$4@6 !ND" -@// !N

Pretpostavka: "(00%(00%8 A1@ &m$

i-@=4 &m

!om%4

!om%1

D $4@61@16 1@1$ mj)roda3a' j)II l0,aj op#)r))'ja

D $$@?= = > ⇒

D p H$4@6 !N A1@ &m$

i-@=4 &m li-4-@/= li'ij0 i"3ija'ja "a 82 pro5il \ H =@/?α =

3 $@λ =

ic

l11?@6-

iλ = =

c

3

gg 1@$? =@$

g= = >

( ) $] 1 g =@$ g -@14α × − + =

$$

$ =@-?] ] /

χ = =+ − ×λ

dop $

!N1?

&mσ =

3i@dop $

!N 6@16

&m

χ×=

ν

p

dop$ $

D $4@6 !N !N1@6- 6@16

A 1@ &m &mσ = = = < σ =

"dopI$ $D -@ // !N !N$@ $ 14

A 1@= &m &mσ = = = < σ =


38




Usvojeno : "(00%(00%8

'..2.2. Dodatni pojasU p H4?@=? !N Pretpostavka: "((0%((0%(0

A$1@$&m$

i-@-4 &m

!om%4

!om%1

U 4?@=?1@=? 1@1$ mj)roda3a' j)I l0,aj op#)r))'ja

U 4-@== = < ⇒

U p H4?@=? !NA$1@$&m$

i-@-4 &m

li/= &m li'ij0 i"3ija'ja "a L pro5il \ H =@/?α =

3 $@λ =

ic

l1--@-

iλ = =

c

3

gg 1@// =@$

g= = >

( ) $] 1 g =@$ g -@4α × − + =

$$

$=@--/

] ] /χ = =

+ − ×λ

dop $

!N14

&mσ =

3i@dop $

!N @-

&m

χ×=

ν

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N-@$1 @-

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

Usvojeno : "((0%((0%(0

'.:.od,#ni krovni spreg


39




'.:.1.!tatički sistem i presječne sile

D 1

D 2

D 3

D 4

Kom%i'a&ija 1 : D1 H1@?/ !N P D$ $$@1- !N P D- 14@46 !N P D/H1-@-4 !NKom%i'a&ija 4 : D1 H1/@-4 !N P D$ $4@1 !N P D- 1/@1- !N P D/H11@ !N

'.:.2.Dimenzioniranje štapova sprega

'.:.2.1. DijagonaleD p H1@?/ !ND" $$@1- !N

Pretpostavka: "(00%(00%8 A1@ &m$

i-@=4 &m

!om%4

!om%1

D 1@?/1@-? 1@1$ mj)roda3a' j)II l0,aj op#)r))'ja

D 1/@-4= = > ⇒

D p H1@?/ !NA1@ &m$

i-@=4 &m li--4@-/ li'ij0 i"3ija'ja "a L pro5il \ H =@/?α =

3 $@λ =

λ = =i*

109,92

i

c

gg

g= = >

!

1,18 0,2

( ) $] G 1 g g α × − + =0,2 2,88


40




$] ]χ = =

+ − × λ2

20,442

4

dop $

!N1?

&mσ =

3

i@dop

χ × = ν 2

kN7,96

cm

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N1@$? 6@4

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

"dopI$ $

D $$@1- !N !N1@ /$ 1?

A 1@= &m &mσ = = = < σ =

Usvojeno: "(00%(00%8

'.1.9ertikalni pod,#ni spreg

'.1.1.!tatički sistem i presječne sile veeg broda H pro#a (r)da olo'j)'a 'a pod0ž') 5aad') #0%o3).

Za 3)i %rod 0 do%i3)'i 3)i 0#i&aji.

D 1

D 2

D 3

D 4

D 5

Kom%i'a&ija 4 : Dp1@$ H$=4@1 !N @ Dp-@/@ H-@6 !N

D"1@$ $=1@-= !N @ D"-@/@ -=@$ !NKom%i'a&ija 1:

Dp1@$ H11@// !N @ Dp-@/@ H$=@? !ND"1@$ 11/@= !N @ D"-@/@ 14@-1 !N

'.1.1.2Dimenzioniranje štapova sprega


41




!om%4

!om%1

D1@1$ mj)roda3a' j) II l0,aj op#)r))'ja

D > ⇒

D p H$=4@1 !ND" $=1@-= !N

Pretpostavka: "(&0%(&0%(& A$6@ &m$

i-@4 &m D p H$=4@1 !N

A$6@ &m$ i-@4 &m

li-6@-4 &m li'ija i"3ija'ja "a L pro5il H \ =@/?⇒ α =

3 $@λ =

λ = =i

*

102,84i

c

gg

g= = >

!

1,11 0,2

( ) $] G 1 g g α × − + =0,2 2,67

$] ]

χ = =+ − × λ

2

20,481

4

dop $

!N1?

&mσ =

3

i@dop

χ × =

ν 2

kN8,66

cm

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N6@$ ?@44

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

"dopII$ $

D $=1@-= !N !N6@-$ 1?

A $6@ &m &mσ = = = < σ =

Usvojeno: "(&0%(&0%(&

'.11.;orizontalni spreg ,z kalkanski zid


42




Nala"i ) 0 3))m %rod0.

'.11.1.!tatički sistem i presječne sileH pro#a (r)da

D 1 D 2 D 3

D 4

D 5

D 7 D 6

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6

O1 O2 O3 O4 O5

Kom%i'a&ija 4 : Dp H4-@$6 !N

D" /4@/? !NV p H@=1 !N

V" 14@1 !N

8 p H?@?/ !N 8" 111@61 !NKom%i'a&ija 1: Dp H14@/1 !N

D"1 14@$/ !NV p H/@-- !N

V" 6@14 !N 8 p H$$@$ !N 8" --@- !N

'.11.2.Dimenzioniranje štapova sprega

'.11.2.1Dijagonale

!om%

!om%1

D1@1$ mj)roda3a' j) II l0,aj op#)r))'ja

D > ⇒

D p H4-@$6 !ND" /4@/? !N

Pretpostavka: "(00%(00%(0

A1@$ &m$

i-@=4 &m D p H4-@$6 !N A$6@ &m$

i-@4 &mli/?@$

li'ija i"3ija'ja "a L pro5il H \ =@/?⇒ α =

3 $@λ =

λ = =i*

179,18

i

cgg

g= = >

!

1,93 0,2


43




( ) $] 1 g gα × − + =0,2 5,57

$] ]

χ = =+ − × λ

2

20,209

4

dop $!N1?&m

σ =

3i@dop

G

χ ×=

ν 2

kN3,76

cm

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N-@-= -@64

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

"dopII$ $

D /4@/? !N !N$@/- 1?

A 1@$ &m &mσ = = = < σ =

Usvojeno: "(00%(00%(0

'.11.2.2.9ertikale

!om%

!om%1

V1@1$ mj)roda3a' j) II l0,aj op#)r))'ja

V > ⇒

V p H@=1 !NV" 14@1 !N

Pretpostavka: ")0%)0%) A4@1 &m$

i1@?$ &m V p H@=1 !N A4@1 &m$

i1@?$ &m li/== &m li'ija i"3ija'ja "a L pro5il H \ =@/?⇒ α =

3 $@λ =

λ = =i*

219,78

i

c

g

g g= = >!2,37 0,2

( ) $] G 1 g g α × − + =0,2 7, 66

$] ]

χ = =+ − × λ

2

20,146

4

dop $

!N1?

&mσ =

3

i@dop

χ ×=

ν 2

kN2,63

cm


44




p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N=@6- $@4-

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

"dopII$ $

D 14@1 !N !N$@- 1?

A 4@1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

Usvojeno: ")0%)0%)

'.11.2.3.ojas

!om%

!om%1

81@1$ mj)roda3a' j) II l0,aj op#)r))'ja

8 > ⇒

V p H?@?/ !NV" 111@61!N

Pretpostavka: "(00%(00%(0 A1@$&m$

i-@=/ &m V p H?@?/ !N

A1@$&m$

i-@=/ &m li/= &m li'ija i"3ija'ja "a L pro5il H \ =@/?⇒ α =

3 $@λ =

λ = =i*

148,03

i

c

gg

g= = >

!

1,59 0,2

( ) $] G 1 g g α × − + =0,2 4,22

$] ]

χ = =+ − × λ

2

20,286

4

dop $

!N1?

&mσ =

3i@dop

χ ×= ν 2

kN5,15 cm

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N/@/6 @1

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

dopII$ $

111@61 !N !N@?$ 1?

1@$ &m &mσ = = < σ =

Usvojeno: "(00%(00%(0

'.12./lavni nosivi sistem


45




H!ro3'a r)*)#!a @(la3'i r)*)#!a#i #0%o3iHI %rod H!ro3'a !o'#r0!&ijaHp0'i 'oa,@p0'i (la3'i #0% HII %rod

'.12.1.*rovni nosač

'.12.1.1.I brod + rešetkasti nosač promjenjive visine

'.12.1.2.!tatički sistem i presječne sile

H pro#a (r)da olo'j)'a 'a (la3') #0%o3)

V1 V2V3 V4 V5

V6O1 O2 O3 O5O4

O6

U1 U2 U3 U4 U5

D1D2 D2 D3 D4 D5

Gor'ji poja B !om%i'a&ija16 : 8 p H411@? !N Dija(o'ala B !om%i'a&ija1 : D1" --?@=1 !N

D$@-@/" $16@$? !ND@4p H$1@4? !N

V)r#i!ala B !om%i'a&ija1 : V1@$p H1?@-/ !N

V-@/p H6/@4/ !NV@4" /=@/?!N

Do'ji poja B !om%i'a&ija1 : U" 41@-? !N

'.12.1.3.Dimenzioniranje pojaseva i štapova rešetkastog krovnog vezača

'.12.1.'./ornji pojas 8 p H411@? !N

Pretpostavka: IP4)0 A 6$@6&m$

i -@6 &m li'ija i"3ija'ja "a 3r0) 3alja'i I pro5il :

+ -4=

$@11 1@ $ % 16=

= = >

#5 1/@14 /=mm 777777777777777777777777H H!ri3a i"3ija'ja < =@--⇒ α = li$$4@1$ &m 3 $@λ =


46




λ = =i*

59,66

i

c

gg

g= = >

!

0,64 0,2

( ) $] G 1 g g α × − + =0,2 1,56

$] ]

χ = =+ − × λ

2

20,816

4

dop $

!N1?

&mσ =

3

i@dop

χ ×=

ν 2

kN14,68

cm

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N?@/$ 1/@4?

A &m &m

σ = = < σ =

Usvojeno: IP4)0

'.12.1.(.Dijagonale• D1 @D$ @

D" --?@=1 !N Pretpostavka: " ((0%((0%(0

A $1@$ &m$ i -@-4 &m

dopII$ $

--?@=1 !N !N1@/ 1?

$1@$ &m &mσ = = < σ =

Usvojeno: " ((0%((0%(0

• D-@D/@D@D4

D" 1$4@6$ !N D p H$1@4? !N Pretpostavka: " )$%)$%)

A 6@-&m$

i 1@6 &m li'ija i"3ija'ja "a L pro5il H \ =@/?⇒ α = li-$4@6 &m 3 $@λ =

λ = =i

*

165,88

i


47




cg

gg

= = >!

1,79 0,2

( ) $] 1 g gα × − + =0,2 4,96

$] ]χ = =

+ − × λ2

20,238

4

dop $

!N1?

&mσ =

3i@dop

G

χ ×=

ν 2

kN4,28

cm

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N$@?? /@$?

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

"i@dop$ $

D !N !N14@?- 1?

A &m &m

σ = = < σ =

Usvojeno: " )$%)$%)

'.12.1..9ertikale

• V1@V$

V p H1?@-/ !N Pretpostavka: " (00%(00%8

A 1@&m$ i -@=4 &m

li1/6 &m li'ija i"3ija'ja "a L pro5il & <<=<< =@/?⇒ α =

3 $@λ =

λ = =i*

48,04

i

c

gg

g= = >

!

0,52 0,2

( ) $] 1 g gα × − + =0,2 1,42

$] ]

χ = =+ − × λ

2

20,834

4

3i@dop

G

χ ×=

ν 2

kN15,01

cm

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N1=@$$ 1@=1

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

Usvojeno: " (00%(00%8


48




• V-@V/

V p H6/@4/ !N Pretpostavka: " )$%)$%8

A @?&m$

i 1@ &m li'ija i"3ija'ja "a L pro5il H \ =@/?⇒ α = li1- &m 3 $@λ =

λ = =i*

98,97

i

c

gg

g= = >

!

1,07 0,2

( ) $] 1 g gα × − + =0,2 2,56

$] ]

χ = =+ − × λ

2

20,503

4

dop $

!N1?

&mσ =

3i@dop

G

χ ×=

ν 2

kN9,06

cm

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N6@? @=4

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

Usvojeno : " )$%)$%8

• V@V4

V" /=@/?!N Pretpostavka : " )$%)$%8

A @? &m$

i 1@ &m

"dop$ $

V !N !N/@11 1?A &m &m

σ = = < σ =

Usvojeno : " )$%)$%8

'.12.1.4.Donji pojas 8" 41@-? !N

Pretpostavka : IP4&-0 A /@&m$


49




dopI$ $

41@-? !N !N1-@= 14

/@ &m &mσ = = < σ =

2o*#o do'ji poja r)*)#!a#) ri(l) mož) da %0d) i pri#i'0#@')op+od'a j) pro3j)ra#a%il'o#i do'j)( pojaa.

Kom%i'a&ija1= : mi'U pH1@4 !N @ mi'D pHH$?@6= !N !Nic 0B= l l −= β×

JUS U.E6.=?4>1?4.

1

D $?@6=1 =@?? 1 =@??U 1@4

=@41@?? 1@??

+ × + × ÷ ÷ β = = =

icl =@4 B$6@- $$ ??@ &m= × + × = li'ija i"3ija'ja "a 3r0) 3alja'i I pro5il :

+ $6=

$ 1@$ % 1-= = > #5 4@4 /=mm 77777777777777777777777777777 H!ri3a i"3ija'ja < =@--⇒ α =

3 $@λ =

ic

l$6@-

iλ = =

c

3

gg -@$= =@$

g= = >

( ) $] 1 g =@$ g 1$@6-α × − + =

$$

$=@=?/

] ] /χ = =

+ − ×λ

3i@dop $

!N 1@$

&m

χ×=

ν

dop $

!N1?

&mσ =

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N1@1- 1@$

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

Usvojeno : IP4&-0


50




'.12.2.1II brod + p,ni nosač konstantnog poprečnog presjeka

'.12.2.2.!tatički sistem i presječne sileH (r)da !r0#o 3)"a'a "a (la3'i #0%

Kom%i'a&ija6 :

2olj) : 9maM 4?@=$ !Nm @ Nod( H1@-6 !N @ Vod( H11@/ !N P2r)j)! i"'ad #0%a : 9maM H?@-- !Nm@ Nod( H14@-1 !N @Vod( 1=@/1 !N P Kom%i'a&ija : 2olj) : NmaM H4@-$ !N @ 9od( /4?@4? !Nm @ Vod( H$@?/ !N P

2r)j)! i"'ad #0%a : NmaM H1?@$6 !N @ 9od( H1$@-1 @Vod( 11?@11 !N P

Pretpostavka : $ $= -== 64= 6≠ × + ×P

A 16-@$= &m$

$=-@$ &m-

2olj) :$

maM $

N 9 1@-6 4?@=$ 1= !N1-@1A 16-@$= $=-@$ &m

− ×σ = + = + = < dopII $

!N1? &mσ =

$

maM $

N 9 4@-$ /4?@4? 1= !N@1=

A 16-@$= $=-@$ &m

×σ = + = + = <

dopII $

!N1?

&mσ =

maM dopII$ $W 5

T T 11@/ !N !N=@$$ 1=

A A A 16-@$= $ $ -= &m &mτ = = = = < τ =

− − × × Kom%i'a&ija16 :

Sap dop

l 1?==5 1@- &m 5 4 &m

-== -=== < = = =

2r)j)! i"'ad #0%a :$

maM $

N 9 14@-1 ?@-- 1= !N1@?1

A 16-@$= $=-@$ &m×σ = + = + = <

dopII $

!N1?

&mσ =

$

maM $

N 9 1?@$6 1$@-1 1= !N-@=-

A 16-@$= $=-@$ &m

×σ = + = + = <

dopII $

!N1?

&mσ =

maM dopII$ $W 5

T T 1=@/1 !N !N$@?- 1=

A A A 16-@$= $ $ -= &m &mτ = = = = < τ =

− − × ×

'.12.2.'.rovjera stabilnosti rigle ">8! 8.?4.:@1:$ Ri(la j) op#)r))'a 'ormal'om ilom i mom)'#om a3ija'ja@pa %i 'j)'0 #a%il'o#

#r)%alo pro3j)ri#i po 'a3)d)'om #a'dard0.9)0#im@'ormal'i 'apo' od

a!ija!l') il) j) 3)oma maliB dop

=@111== =@ 41 od

1? × = σ i o3a ) pro3j)ra i"o#a3lja.

'.12.2.(.rovjera stabilnosti rigle protiv bočnog izvijanja ">8! 8.?4.11@1:$

9j)#a 3)"a rož'ja,a "a (or'ji poja ri(l) pr)d#a3ljaj0 5i!') #a,!) !oj) prj),a3aj0 %o,'o i"3ija'j) ri(l) 'a dij)l0 (dj) j) pri#i'0#a 0 (or'joj "o'i.Tj. 'a #im mj)#ima j)


51




prij),)'o %o,'o pomj)ra'j) pri#i'0#o( dij)la ri(l).Ra"ma! rož'ja,a j)λ$$ &m & .

nA!o j) ip0'j)' lj)d)i 0lo3 o'da 'ij) po#r)%a' do!a" pro#i3 %o,'o( i"3ija'ja :

M M

maM c maM 3

9 94?@=$ & $-@

1 =@ /=9 4?@=$ i 9= = > ⇒ < × σ

c

&

i → 3i#!o# pri#i'0#o( pojaa 0 %o,'om pra3&0

A $⋅$⋅-= 1$= &m$

Ic-

/$ -=/== &m

1$

×=

cc

I /==i 4@- &m

A 1$== = =

M

c maM c

9& $-@/=i 9

< ×σ

@

$$ $-@

/=4@- $/

< ×

-/@/4@? 0lo3 j) "ado3olj)'⇒ Da %i %ila "a(ara'#o3a'a i #a%il'o# do'j)( pri#i'0#o( dij)la ri(l) o!3ira po#r)%'o j) %o,'o

pridrža#i pri#i'0#i do'ji poja.T) 5i!') #a,!) ) do%ij0 po#a3lja'j)m !o'i!a 'a d3j)ma!raj'jim m)0rož'ja,ama !oji ) 3)"0j0 "a do'ji pri#i'0#i poja ri(l). Ra"ma! rož'ja,a j)

λ$$ &m & .nA!o j) ip0'j)' lj)d)i 0lo3 o'da 'ij) po#r)%a' do!a" pro#i3 %o,'o( i"3ija'ja 'i !o'i&i :

M M

maM c maM 3

9 9??@-- & $-@=@1- 1 =@1- =@ B4= /=

9 4?@=$ i 9= = − ⇒ − < − < ⇒ < − ×

σ

M

c maM 3

9& $-@B4= /=

i 9< − ×

σ

$$ $-@

B4= /= =@1-4@- $/

< + × ×

-/@/4-@?

'.12.2..rovjera stabilnosti rebra ">8! 8.?4.121@1:$

R)a!&ij) rož'ja,a 'a mj)#ima 3)") a (la3'im 3)"a,)m pr)'o) ) !ao !o'&)'#ri,') il)@#o(a ) r)%ro (la3'o( 3)"a,a 0!r00j) a 3)r#i!al'im limo3ima ≠1$=M1= mm o%o#ra'o. Na#aj 'a,i' 0 d)5i'ia'a polja 0!r0)'ja r)%ra.


52




2ro3j)ra #a%il'o#i r)%ra 3r*i ) 'a ra,0'!om mod)l0 pra3o0(ao') plo,) d)%lji') 1$ mm@*iri') a$$= mm@ i 3ii') %6/= mm@ 'apr)('0#) i3i,'im 'ormal'im 'apo'ima Hσ1 i σ$ imi,0im 'apo'ima τ.

$

1 $

1?@$6 1$@-1 1= !N1@-- /@=-16-@$= $=-@$ &m

− ×σ = × − = − ÷

( )$ $

!N1@-- =@11 $@- -@6

&mσ = × − + =

$

1=@/1 !N1@-- -@64

64 =@6 &mτ = × =

×

$

1

-@6=@-= ! $-@

/@=- σσ

ψ = = = − ⇒ =σ −a $$

$@4 % 64

α = = =

KR E! σσ = ×σ$ $

/E $ $

E # =@6 !N1@?? 1= 1@41

1$ B1 % 64 &m

π× σ = × = × × = ÷ ÷× − µ

KR $

!N$-@ 1@41 -?@/?

&mσ = × =

3 p

KR

$/=@6?

-?@/?

σλ = = =

σ

p$ $ p

=@4 =@41@=

=@- =@6? =@-

κ = = =λ − −

( )$5 $ ! = 5 1σ= − ×α < <$5 $ $-@ $@4 == − × <

Da!l)@ 5= 3aži !ri#)rij0m ,i#o( i"%o,a3a'ja

( )$ $0M p p1 5 5 1@=σ = − × κ + × κ =

& 1@$ =@$ 1@$σ = − ψ ≤& 1@$ =@$ B =@1 1@ 1@$ & 1@$σ σ= − × − = > ⇒ =

0M 0M 3 $!N& 1@$ 1@= $/ -1@&mσσ = ×σ ×σ = × × =

0M M 0M M $

!N$/

&mσ > σ ⇒ σ = σ =

1 $

!N/@=- $/

&mσ = <

Normal'i 'apo' pri#i!a "ado3olja3a 0lo3 B1 #a'darda JUS U.E6.1$1DB 30MM

σ≤σ<σ


53




$ $

@-/ @-/! /@= /@= /@?

-@=-τ = + = + =α

KR $

!N/@ ? 1@ 41 6@ -6

&mτ = × =

3 p

KR

$/ 1@-6- 6@-6 -

σλ = = =τ × ×

0 p $$ p

=@4 =@4=@6-

1@-6 =@1-=@1-τ = κ = = =

−λ −

30 0 $

$/ !N& 1@$ =@6- 1-@6-

&m- -τ

στ = ×τ × = × × =

0$ $

!N !N-@64 1-@6-

&m &mτ = < τ =

Smi,0i 'apo' "ado3olja3a 0lo3 B- #a'darda JUS U.E6.1$1

σ

≤τ≤τ-

3

0

Tr)%a pro3j)ri#i 0por)d'i 'apo' B0lo3 i" #a'darda <S U.E6.1$1

$$$ /@=- -@64

=@11 1$/ 1-@6-

σ = + = < ⇒ ÷ ÷ S#a%il'o# r)%ra ri(l) j) "a(ara'#o3a'a.

Usvojeno : $ $= -== 64= 6≠ × + ×P


54




'.12.3/lavni st,bovi

'.12.3.1.I brod + rešetkasti st,b

'.12.3.1!tatički sistem i presječne sile

D 1

D 2

D 3

D 4

D 5

D 3

D 2

D 1

D 4

D 5

V1

V2

V3

V4

V5V5

V4

V3

V2

V1

O1

O2

O3

O4

O5

N1

O1

O2

O3

O4

O5

N2

U1

U2

U3

U4

U5

U2

U1

U3

U4

U5

N3

M3

T3

S#0%1 :• Va'j!i poja : B !om%i'a&ija16 8 p H$-@6? !N

• Dija(o'ala B !om%i'a&ija? D p H6$@=1 !N

• V)r#i!al) B !om%i'a&ija? V p H1@61 !N @ V" -@16 !N

• 2odm)#a, !ra'!) #a") B !om%i'a&ija1$ N14@$= !N@9 H6@-/ !Nm@T4@$? !N

• U'0#ra*'ji poja B !om%i'a&ija1= U p H16@16 !N

• Gor'ji p0'i dio B !om%i'a&ija1 N H$$@6!N@9 H/@41!Nm@V1=@? !N

S#0%$ :• Va'j!i poja : B !om%i'a&ija6 8 p H--@6$ !N

• Dija(o'ala B !om%i'a&ija? D p H$@6 !N

• V)r#i!al) B !om%i'a&ija4 V" /@=? !N

• 2odm)#a, !ra'!) #a") B !om%i'a&ija4 NH-1@?6 !N@9 @- !Nm@TH?=@6 !N

• U'0#ra*'ji poja B !om%i'a&ija1= U p H$?$@=/ !N

• Gor'ji p0'i dio B !om%i'a&ija4 N H-?@-$@9 1=/@$ !Nm@V H-$@=4 !N

S#0%- :

9 H$=1@?6 !Nm N H166@? !N V$?@? !N


55




'.12.3.2. /ornji p,ni dio st,ba

S#0%$

N H-?@-$ !N @9 1=/@$ !Nm @VH-$@=4 !N P

$

dopI$ $

N 9 -?@-$ 1=/@$ 1= !N !N1@/ -@4/ @? 14

A 1? $??= &m &m

×σ = + = + = + = < σ =

dop$ $W

T -$@=4 !N !N=@4=

A 1? $ $@/ -= &m &mτ = = = < τ =

− × ×

S#0%1

N H$$@4$ !N @9 H/@4 !Nm @V @?/ !N P

$

dopI$ $

N 9 $$@4$ /@4 1= !N !N1@14 1@6$ $@?? 14

A 1? $??= &m &m

×σ = + = + = + = < σ =

dop$ $W

T @?/ !N !N=@11 A 1? $ $@/ -= &m &mτ = = = < τ =− × ×

Pretpostavka : IP5#00 A1? &m$

IM64?= &m/ @ iM16@1&m Ic1=?$= &m/ @ ic6@/&m M$??= &m- @ c6$1 &m-

'.12.3.3.rovjera stabilnosti

'.12.3.'.%dreBivanje d,#ine izvijanja S#0% j) #)p)'a#o promj)'ji3o( popr),'o( pr)j)!a po 3ii'i@"(lo%'o poj)' 'a 3r+0 a !ro3'im 3)"a,)m i 0!lj)*#)' dol) 0 %)#o'!i#)m)lj.

$ $ 1 1 $ $ 11

1 1 $ $ 1 $

i I l 2 2 l I' @ m @

i I l 2 l I m

× += = = α = ×

× ×

l16@1- m P l$/@?6 m


56




M

c

&

c

M

c1

c1

&1

1 1$=M ?@= &m

-6@/ 1

×= =

+ I$1=?$= &m/ P

$ $ /1I 16 -6@/ ?@= $?/= 1 -/@ -?/6$4@$ &m= + × + + × =

2$ H$$@4$ !N 212$ H$-@6?H16@16H66=@ !N

$ $ 1

1 1 $

i I l 1=?$= 6@1-' =@=/11

i I l -?/6$4@6$ /@?6

× ×= = = =

× ×

1 $

$

2 2 66=@m $@4-

2 $$@4$

+= = =

$ 11

1 $

l I /@?6 -?/6$4@6$$@1

l I m 6@1- 1=?$= $@4-α = × = × =

× ×

$

1 11

i@$$ B =@=//4@ $@ /1

iβ = = α =

1

$1

@$$ $@=?$@1

ββ = = =α

D0ži') i"3ija'ja #0%a o!o MHM o): 1iM 1 1l l @$$ 6@1- -6@$$ m= β × = × =

$iM $ $l l $@=? /@?6 1=@1- m= β × = × = D0ži') i"3ija'ja #0%a o!o cHc o):

1ic 1 1l l 1 6@1- 6@1- m= β × = × =

$ic $ $l l 1 /@?6 /@?6 m= β × = × =

$iM

MM

l 6/4@4

i 16@1λ = = =

$ic

cc

l /?64@?1

i 6@/λ = = =

M

M3

4@4=@41-

$@

λλ = = =

λ

c

c

3

4@?1=@6=?

$@

λλ = = =

λ


57




'.12.3.(.rovjera stabilnosti gornjeg dijela st,ba ">8! 8.?4.:@1:$

6tub 6 (

3'MBc N mM 9M 'MBc N mM 9M dop! ! 1 ili ! ! σ×σ + ×ϑ×σ ≤ ×σ + ×ϑ×σ ≤ σ

ν

( )

( )( )

( )

M c

'M c $M c

1 =@$! 1

1

+ α × λ −= ≥

+ λ ×σ @

MmM $

M

! 11

β= ≥

+ λ × σ

N

N

V

γ ×σσ = σ =

σ @9MBc

9MBc

V

γ ×σσ =

σ

$

dopI$ $

N 9 $$@4$ /@4 1= !N !N1@14 1@6$ $@?? 14

A 1? $??= &m &m

×σ = + = + = + = < σ =

3

D

1σ

ϑ = ≥σ

H !ri3a i"3ija'ja <b ⇒ α=@--

$

1@ 1@14 !N=@=6-

$/ &m

×σ = =

( )

( )( )

( )

M c

'M c $ $M c

1 =@$ 1 =@ -- B=@ 6=? =@ $! 1@1-

1 =@6=? =@=6-1

+ α × λ − + × −= = =

+ ×+ λ ×σ

M =@?β =

MmM mM$ $

M

=@?! =@?- ! 11 =@41- =@=6-1

β= = = ⇒ =+ ×+ λ × σ

( )D p 3 9 JUS U.E6.1=1>1?4σ = α ×σ ×κ

=@/

3M2 9 D 2

M !r@DD

$ S 1@ @

1

σ×α = κ = λ = α × ÷ ÷ σ+ λ

$

$ $!r@D VD D VD D c D $

M c

E@ G E I I @

l

π π ×σ = φ× σ + σ σ = η× × × × × σ = η×

× λ

$$D

c

$

D

c

I l1 =@14

I +1

I l1 =@14

I +

+ × × + ρ − ρ ÷

φ = < + × × ÷

1@66P =@ l & $1?&m@ + -@$&mη = ρ = = = =

p

$ 14$=1@1-

$??=

×α = =

$ $ /

D $ $ $c

E $@1 1= !N1@66 ?/@4$

4@?1 &m

π × π × ×

σ = η× = × =λ


58




( ) ( )- - - - /D

1 1I $%# +d $ -= $@/ -@$ 1@- $6@?4&m

- -= × + = × × × + × =

- /VD D c $

M

!NG E I I 1@66 ?@1 1= $@1 1= $6@?4 1=?$= $=6@$4

l $1? $??= &m

π πσ = η× × × × × = × × × × × × × =

× ×

$ $ $ $!r@D VD D $!N1 $=6@$4 ?/@4$ $$-@?6 &mσ = φ× σ + σ = × + =

3D 2

!r@D

$/1@1- =@-=

$$-@?6

σλ = α × = × =

σ

=@/ =@/

9 D

1 1=@6

1 =@-1

κ = = = ÷ ÷ ÷ ++ λ

$

dopI$ $

N 9 $$@4$ /@4 1= !N !N1@14 1@6$ $@?? 14

A 1? $??= &m &m

×σ = + = + = + = < σ =

D p 3 9 $

!N1@1- $/ =@ 6 $6@ =/ &mσ = α ×σ × κ = × × =

3'MBc N mM 9M 'MBc N mM 9M dop! ! 1 ili ! !

σ×σ + ×ϑ×σ ≤ ×σ + ×ϑ×σ ≤ σ

ν

$ $

!N !N1@1- 1@14 1 1@6$ -@=- 14

&m &m× + × = <

$

dopI$ $

N 9 $$@4$ /@4 1= !N !N1@14 1@6$ $@?? 14

A 1? $??= &m &m

×σ = + = + = + = < σ =

Usvojeno : IP5#00

6tub 6 &


σ×σ + ×ϑ×σ ≤ ×σ + ×ϑ×σ ≤ σ

ν

$

dopI$ $

N 9 -?@-$ 1=/@$ 1= !N !N1@/ -@4/ @? 14

A 1? $??= &m &m

×σ = + = + = + = < σ =

$

1@ @? !N=@-/?

$/ &m

×σ = =

( )

( )( )

( )

M c

'M c $ $M c

=@$ =@-- B=@6=? =@$! 1 1 1@1/

1 =@6=? =@-/?1

α × λ − × −= + = + =

+ ×+ λ ×σ

MmM mM$ $M

=@?! =@6 ! 11 =@41- =@-/?1

β= = = ⇒ =+ ×+ λ × σ


59




$@-P =@ l & $6$&m@ + -@$&mη = ρ = = = =

p

$ 14$=1@1-

$??=

×α = =

$ $ /

D $ $ $

c

E $@1 1= !N$@- 11$@-/

4@?1 &m

π × π × ×σ = η× = × =

λ- /

VD D c $

M

!NG E I I $@- ?@1 1= $@1 1= $6@?4 1=?$= $$=@

l Z $6$ $??= &m

π πσ = η× × × × × = × × × × × × × =

× ×

$ $ $ $!r@D VD D $

!N1 $$=@ 11$@-/ $/6@1

&mσ = φ× σ + σ = × + =

3D 2

!r@D

$/1@1- =@--1

$/6@1

σλ = α × = × =

σ

=@/ =@/

9

D

1 1=@?

1 =@--11

κ = = = ÷ ÷ ÷ +

+ λ D p 3 9 $

!N1@1- $/ =@ ? $6@ =4

&mσ = α ×σ × κ = × × =

$ $

!N !N1@1/ 1@/ 1 -@4/ @? 14

&m &m× + × = <

maM MmaM dop$ $

M r

S 4@$? 14$= !N !N1@-4

I # 64?= 1@- &m &m

× ×τ = = = < τ =

× ×

Usvojeno : IP5#00

'.12.3.rovjera stabilnosti donjeg rešetkastog dijela st,ba

'.12.3.4.!poljašnji pojas rešetkastog st,ba 8 p H--@6$ !N

Pretpostavka : $$=[

A-6@/ &m$ IM$4= &m/ @ iM?@/? &mIc16 &m/ @ ic$@-= &m

D0ži') i"3ija'ja : iMl $64&m=

icl 1-?&m=Vi#!o#i :

M

$64$-@

11@6λ = =

c 1-? /6@?$@

λ = =


60




H!ri3a i"3ija'ja "a pro5ila \ =@/?[ − ″ ″ ⇒ α =

icl 1-?&m= ic$@-= &m

3 $@λ =

λ = =i* 60

i

c

gg

g= = >

!

0,65 0,2

( ) $] G 1 g g α × − + =0,2 1, 64

$] ]

χ = =+ − × λ

2

20,758

4

dop$

!N14

&mσ =

3

i@dop

χ ×=

ν 2

kN12,13

cm

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N@=? 1$@1-

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

Usvojeno : $$=[

'.12.3..8n,trašnji pojas rešetkastog st,ba U p H16@16 !N

Pretpostavka : IP5 &&0A1 &m$ IM?== &m/ @ iM@/- &mIc$?/= &m/ @ ic@ &m

D0ži'a i"3ija'ja o!o MHM o)@ #im da ) mož) pr)#po#a3i#i li')ar'a promj)'a 'ormal')il)BU H/1=@4 !N do U1 H16@6 !N :

iM 1 l l −= β×

JUS U.E6.=?4>1?4.

1

U /1=@41 =@?? 1 =@??U 16@16

=@4-1@?? 1@??

+ × + × ÷ ÷ β = = =

icl =@4- 61- //@11 &m= × =

li'ija i"3ija'ja "a I2< pro5il :+ $$=

1 1@$ % $$=

= = <

#5 14mm /=mm

77777777777777777777777777777 H!ri3a i"3ija'ja \ =@/?⇒ α =


61




icl =@4- 61- //@11 &m= × = ic@ &m 3 $@λ =

λ = =i*

88,39

i

c

gg

g= = >

!

0,95 0,2

( ) $] G 1 g g α × − + =0,2 2,27

$] ]

χ = =+ − × λ

2

20,569

4

dop $

!N14

&mσ =

3

i@dop χ × =

ν 2kN9,10cm

p

i@dop$ $

U !N !N@4? @1=

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

Usvojeno : IP5 &&0

'.12.3.:. rovjera stabilnosti rešetkastog dijela st,ba kao cjeline" >8! 8.?4.:@1:$ 83a ) pro3j)ra od'oi 'a cHc o0 popr),'o( pr)j)!a@a d0ži'om i"3ija'ja

icl -6$$&m= A-6@/11$?@/ &m

$ $ /

c 1I I 16 -6@/ ?@= $?/= 1 -/@ -?/6$4@$ &m= = + × + + × =

cc

I -?/6$4@$i /@6/&m

A 1$?@/= = =

ic

cc

l -6$$46@

i /@6/λ = = =

cc

3

46@=@6-1

$@λλ = = =λ

-

1 $d M

A d

$ A a +λ = π× ×

× ×A1$?@/ &m$ Bpo3r*i'a popr),'o( pr)j)!a 3i*)dj)l'o( *#apa

$A $ /@? @4&m= × = Bpo3r*i'a pr)j)!a dija(o'al)d1?@1 &m Bi#)m'a d0ži'a dija(o'al)a1/$ &m Bra#oja'j) i"m)0 ,3oro3a ip0') r)*)#!)+M1$= &m Bra#oja'j) i"m)0 #)ži*#a poja)3a


62




- -

1 $ $d M

A d 1$?@/ 1?@1$=@-/

$ A a + @4 1/$ 1$=λ = π× × = π× × =

× × ×$ $ $ $

ci c 1 46@ $=@-/ 6=@4λ = λ + λ = + =

cici3

6=@4 =@64-$@λλ = = =λ

$1 &

V1G16@16 !N V$G??@14 !N

9&

N&

Kom%i'a&ija1= : N&H16@16??@14 H/$@=1 !N

&9 16@16 =@? ??@14 =@- /6=@ /!N= × + × =

&9 -4$@1= =@- $-@1= =@? /=@ / 1?4@?4 !N= × + × + = B0 (la3i #0%a$

& dopI$ $c

N 9 /$@=1 /6=@/ 1= !N !Nc ?@= -@-/ 1=@/= 1-@6/ 1?

A I 1$?@/ -?/6$4@$ &m &m

×σ = + × = + × = + = < σ =

N

Ndop

-@-/

1@-- =@$/41?

σ

σ = × = =σ

( )ci

'c $ $ci

=@$ =@-- B=@64- =@$! 1 1 1@14

1 =@64- =@$/41

α × λ − × −= + = + =

+ ×+ λ × σ

c =@ 44 =@ //β = + ×

1?4@?4=@/=

/6=@/ψ = − =

cmc mc$ $

ci

=@/=! =@- ! 1

1 =@64- =@ $/41

β= = = ⇒ =

+ ×+ λ × σ

$ $

!N !N1@14 -@-/ 1=@/= 1/@$6 1?

&m &m× + = <

'.12.3.1.Dijagonale rešetkastog dijela st,ba Kom%i'a&ija? : D p@maM H6$@=1 !N

Pretpostavka : &"$0%$0%$L=M=M


63




A1/@?= &m$@ )1@/= &mIMIc111 &m/@ iMic11@1 &mMc-@= &m-@ 1$@-$ &m-

I1 /@ &m/@ i1=@? &m

M

c1 c1

M

+M G

S#a#i,!) 3rij)d'o#i pr)j)!a :

A

$

$ /@? @4&m× = @ iM1@1 &m( )$ /

cI $ 11 /@? 1$@/ 1/?@1=&m= × + × =

c

1/?@1=i 1$@&m

@4= =

n -c

1/?@1 1$=@?1&m

1$@/= =

'.12.3.11.rovjera nosivosti na izvijanje ,pravno na materijaln, os, C&C JUS U.E6.=1 "a &)'#ri,'o pri#i'0#) *#apo3) !o'#a'#'o( 3i*)dj)l'o( pr)j)!a.D0ži') i"3ija'ja : lic1?@1 &m liM =@? 1?@1 1/?@6-&m× =

Kri3a i"3ija'ja "a L pro5il <<=<< =@/?⇒ α = D p@maM H6$@=1 !N

liM=@? 1?@1 1/?@6-&m× = iM1@1 &m

A

$$ /@? @4&m

× = 3 $@λ =

λ = =i*

98,50

i

c

gg

g= = >

!

1,06 0,2

( ) $] G 1 g g α × − + =0,2 2,54

$

] ]

χ = =

+ − × λ

2

20,506

4


64




dop $

!N1?

&mσ =

3

i@dop

χ ×=

ν 2

kN9,11

cm

pi@dop$ $

D!N !N6@= @11A &m &mσ = = < σ =

'.12.3.12.rovjera nosivosti na izvijanje ,pravno na nematerijaln, os, C&C JUS U.E6.=1 "a &)'#ri,'o pri#i'0#) *#apo3) !o'#a'#'o( 3i*)dj)l'o( pr)j)!a

$

E@ $c1

E A N N

π × ×γ × < =

λ

ic$ $c1 c 1

lm 1?@1@ m $@ a 41@6&m$ - -

λ = λ + ×λ = = = =

11

a 41@64-@$-

i =@?λ = = =

icc

c

l 1?@11/@?6&m

i 1$@λ = = =

$ $c1

$1/@?6 4-@$- 4/@ &m

$λ = + × =

1@--γ = E0l)rHo3a !ri#i,'a ila :

$ $

E@ $ $1c

E A -@1/ $1=== @4 N /61@1?!N

4/@

π × × × ×= = =

λ

E@1@-- 6$@1= @= !N N /61@1?!N× = < =

'.12.3.13.rovjera nosivosti na izvijanje samostalnog elementa ,pravno na os, 1&1 ,

polj,na pribli#no sredini d,#ine višedjelnog štapac

1 11

9 N N A

r = + ×

1

c = =

E@

N l 1?@19 N W 1 @ W =@-61

N == ==

− κ×

= × × − = = = ÷ ÷

1

c

@=9 6$@1= =@-61 1 --@? !Nm

/61@1?

−

= × × − = ÷

1

6$@1= -=@ -? N /@? -6@$4!N

$ 1$=@?1

= + × =

li41@6 &m


65




3 $@λ = A/@?= &m$

imi'=@?1 &m

λ = =i*

76,51

i

c

gg

g= = >

!

0,82 0,2

( ) $] G 1 g g α × − + =0,2 1, 98

$] ]

χ = =+ − × λ

2

20,648

4

dop $

!N1?

&mσ =

3i@dop

χ × = ν 2kN11,66 cm

p

i@dop$ $

D !N !N6@64 11@44

A &m &mσ = = < σ =

'.12.3.1'.rovjera nosivosti na izvijanje samostalnog elementa , krajnjem polj,

1 1

maM 1 dop

1 1

N 9

A

σ = + ≤ σ

1

N 6$@1= N -4@= !N

r $= = =

maM1

a9

r $= ×

=

maM

E@

N W -@1/ 6$@1= =@-61 =@- !N

N 6$@1=l 1?@11 1

N /61@1?

×π ×= × = × =

− −

1

=@- 41@69 ?@$1 !N&m

$ $= × =

maM 1 dop$ $

-4@= ?@$1 !N !N11@= 1?

/@? $@-$ &m &mσ = + = ≤ σ =

Usvojeno : &"$0%$0%$

'.13.3.1(.9ertikale rešetkastog dijela st,ba

V" /@=? !N


66




$ po#

dop

V /@=?A =@$- &m

1?= = =

σ Usvojeno : "#$%#$%$ A /@-=&m$

dop$ $

N /@=? !N !N=@ 1?A /@-= &m &mσ = = = < σ =

V)"a *#apo3a ip0') a poja)3ima r)*)#!a#o( #0%a o#3ar0j) ) 0(ao'im *a3o3ima.

'.12.3.1.rovjera stabilnosti krajnjeg jednodjelnog st,ba !3

Kom%i'a&ija4B3r+ #0%a : N H166@? !N

9H$=1@?6 !NmKom%i'a&ija4Bd'o #0%a :

N H14@= !N 9@?-!Nm

Pretpostavka : IP5 -00 SM/14= &m-IM$4== &m/

A-=4 &m$ Ic1///= &m/

iM$ &m M6-/= &m-

ic4@?6 &m c4- &m-

Vr+ #0%a : N H166@? !N 9H$=1@?6 !Nm

II

I N 1@1$ I l0,aj op#)r))'ja N < ⇒

Napom)'a: mom)'#i a3ija'ja o!o la%ij) o) 0 "a')marlji3o mali pa ) mož) r)i da 0 j)d'a!i '0li: 9c=.Za *#apo3) i"lož)') pri#i!0 i a3ija'j0 mora %i#i "ado3olj)' 0lo3: B<S. U.E6.=4

( ) N mM 9M'M c! ! 1×σ + ×δσ ≤

( )3

N mM NM dop'M c! ! σ

×σ + ×δσ = σ = ν

maM dop

N 9

A σ = + ≤ σ


67




$

maM d$ $

166@? $=1@?6 1= !N !N-@-- 14

-=4 6-/= &m &m

×σ = + = ≤ σ =

( )

( )( )

( )

M c

'M c $M c

=@$! 1

1

α × λ −= +

+ λ ×σM

mM $M

! 1

β=

+ λ × σ N

V

=@?11@ =@=-4

$/

γ ×σσ = = × =

σ

!ri3a i"3ija'ja: < α=@--

r

IL 16 $4==& $@-

+ I ?@ $=?1$4@= × = × =

( )o

1 =@/ & 1 m

1 =@/- m1 =@$ & $

+ × + β = × × + × ÷+ ×

( )1 =@/ $@- 1 1

1 = 1@-$1 =@$ $@- $

+ × + β = × × + = ÷+ ×

D0ži') i"3ija'ja :liM1@-$⋅?=116/@? &mlicl?= &m

R)la#i3') 3i#!o#i :

M 116/@? /=@$?@6λ = =

c

?=1$@/

4@?6λ = =

Upor)d') 3i#!o#i:

M

/=@=@/-4

$@λ = =

c

1$@/1@-

$@λ = =

( )

( )'M c $

1 =@-- 1@- =@$! 1@-1

1 1@- =@=-4

+ × −= =

+ ×

σ⋅λ+

β=

$

M

M

mM

1!

=

1

N 166@?1 1@4 1 1@4 N 14@

=@46@/$ @/$

+ × + ×β = = =

mM mM$=@46! =@44 ! 1@=1 =@/-4 =@=-4

= = ⇒ =+ ×


68




3D p 3 9

D

1 ! σ

θ = > σ = α ×σ ×σ$@-P =@ l & -$=&m@ + 4-@4&mη = ρ = = = =

M p

M

$ S $ /14=1@1-

6-/=

× ×α = = =

$ $ /

D $ $ $c

E $@1 1= !N$@- $?@

1$@/ &m

π × π × ×σ = η× = × =

λ

( ) ( )- - - - /D

1 1I $%# +d $ -= -@$ 4-@4 1@6 6@1&m

- -= × + = × × × + × =

- /VD D c $

M

!NG E I I $@- ?@1 1= $@1 1= 6@1 1///= 1-@6=

l -$= 6-/= &m

π πσ = η× × × × × = × × × × × × × =

× ×

$ $ $ $!r@D VD D $

!N1 1-@6= $?@ 1-?@64

&mσ = φ× σ + σ = × + =

3D 2

!r@D

$/1@1- =@//$1-?@64

σλ = α × = × =σ

=@/ =@/

9 D

1 1=@-

1 =@ //$1

κ = = = ÷ ÷ ÷ ++ λ

$

maM d$ $

166@? $=1@?6 1= !N !N=@?1 $@6 -@-- 14

-=4 6-/= &m &m

×σ = + = + = ≤ σ =

D p 3 9 $

!N1@1- $/ =@- $4@-

&mσ = α ×σ × κ = × × =


σ×σ + ×ϑ×σ ≤ ×σ + ×ϑ×σ ≤ σ

ν

$ $

!N !N1@1- =@?1 1 $@6 -@/1 14

&m &m× + × = <

maM MmaM dop$ $

M r

S $?@? /14= !N !N=@$64

I # $4== 1@6 &m &m

× ×τ = = = < τ =

× ×

Usvojeno : IP5-00 D'o #0%a :

N H14@= !N 9@?-!Nm

$

maM d$ $

14@= @?- 1= !N !N=@4/- =@?1 1@/4 14

-=4 6-/= &m &m

×σ = + = + = ≤ σ =

Da!l) mož) ) "a!lj0,i#i da j) #a%il'o# #0%a o!3ira (la3'o( 3)"a,a "a(ara'#o3a'a 'ao'o30 i"3r*)') pro3j)r) pr)ma ra'dard0 JUS U.E6.=4.


69




.2rora,0' d)#alja 3)"a


70




(.1.rorač,n veze ro#njače

(.1.1.9eza isp,ne za pojasni štap ro#njače

120x120x12

$D1 D$

3 1 G

$

D$ D1

U1GR maM

1 $D D 16@/$ !N= =

maMR $ D &o $ 16@/$ &o? 1?@/4 !N= × × ϕ = × ×

) maM

9 R ) 1?@/4 /@?= ??@4$ !Nm= × = × =

Pretpostavljeni bo!ni ugaoni šavovi:$ 6M6=∠

$

*A $ =@6 6 @? &m= × × =

$

-

*

=@6 6 $ 11@/- &m

4

×= × =

maM

b $

*

R 1?@/4 !N3 1@??

A @? &m= = =

)

$*

9 ??@4$ !N

' 6@6 11@/- &m= = =

$ $ $ $ b

0 b 0@dop$ $

!N !N' 3 3 6@6 1@?? ?@= 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + + = + = < σ =

Usvojeni bo!ni ugaoni šavovi:2 7+70∠

(.1.2.rorač,n šavova za vez, ro#njače sa glavnim krovnim vezačem 1 i 2

lo č a 2

1 - =

$ = =


71




Pretpostavka: šav ( 8 7 (0

A#3$⋅=@?⋅? &m$

$

1@ !N4@=

?@= &m⊥σ = =

$

0 dop$ $

!N !N4@= 4@= 1-@

&m &mσ = = < σ =

Usvojeno: šav ( 8 7 (0

lo č a 1

1/

=

1 =

Pretpostaka: šav ( 7 A#3$⋅=@-⋅.=@6 &m$

$ $

II dop

1@@?!N > &m 1-@ !N > &m

?@6σ = = < σ =

*a3 - ∆ -M= mm ) dim)'"io'ira 'a il0 Bma!imal'0 i" ip0'): $1@6

M 16@/$ &o? @$- !N= × =

c 16@/$ i' ? 1/@66 !N= × = !N

II $

1/@66 !N$@6/

@/ &mσ = =

$

@$- !N1@61

@/ &m⊥σ = =

$ $ $ $0 II dop$ $

!N !N$@6/ 1@61 -@$- 1-@

&m &m

⊥σ = σ + σ = + = < σ =

Usvojeno: šav ( 7

• Ulj)d si)u%eg dejstva vjetra:

MR 6@1/ !N=

+ ila ) prima a &'(&%l klase !vrstoće #.) 0 mo'#až'om poj0 R rož'ja,) a(or'jim pojaom 3)"a,a.

"6@1/ !N $ F $ 1?@$ -4@?!N< × = × =

z- 1?@$ !NHi" #a%)l).2r)dim)'"iomira'o j) @ali #a!o ) pr)por0,0j).


72




-MN=

1/mm

1

4 . 5

300

8 0 0 25

2 0

7x70 1 4 , 4

4 8 m m

$

!30

M12 ! 3 0

120x120x12

O25mm

M?=

5mm7x70

70 mm-M1/$ $H$

?=mm

(.2.rorač,n veze Easadna rigla&glavni st,b brodaEasadna rigla&Easadni st,b


73




(.2.1. rorač,n veze Easadna rigla&glavni st,b broda I T-@6 !N Pretpostavljeni '(& k.!.#.). 9 neobraeni zavrtnji

%@dop $

dop $

!N$6

&m!N

1&m

σ =τ =

{ }3@dop 3 %mi'F F @F=

$ $

3 dop

d 1@$ -@1/F m 1 1 14@4 !N

/ /

×π ×= × ×τ = × × =

% %@dopF # d =@? 1@$ $6 $@$ !N= × ×σ = × × =∑ F3@dop14@4 !N

po#3@dop

T -@6

' =@$$ !omF 14@4= = =

Usvojeno : #'(& ... k.!.#.). neobraeni zavrtnji

?=

82$==M1==M/

$$=

1

= =

- =

-=/= -=/= /=/=

$$=

/91$ . . . !.,./.4.82$==M1==M/

$$=

- =

/ =

(.2.2. rorač,n veze Easadna rigla&glavni st,b broda II

2o#0pa! prora,0'a j) i#i !ao 0 pr)#+od'oj #a,!i.D)#alj 3)") ) ra"li!0j).Usvojeno : #'(& ... k.!.#.). neobraeni zavrtnji


74




6==

A82$==M1==M/

I2<6==

/91$ . . . !.,./.4.

?=/= ?= /=-=-=

-==

I2<6==

A82$==M1==M/

- =

1 = =

- =

/

=

(.2.3. rorač,n veze Easadna rigla&Easadni st,b N-4@4!N$ $

3 dop

d 1@4 -@1/F m 1 1 -=@1/ !N

/ /

×π ×= × × τ = × × =

po#3@dop

N -4@4' 1@$$ !om

F -=@1/= = =

Usvojeno : &'() ... k.!.#.). neobraeni zavrtnji

2rora,0' *a3a 0(ao'i!H 5aad'i #0% : Usvojeno: ")$%)$%)

I" !o'#r0!#i3'o( o%li!o3a'ja lij)di : l*11?/ mm@ l*$4 mm a*- mm

( ) $*A $ =@- 1?@/ $ =@- 4@ 1?@?/ &m= × × + × × =

b $

*

N -4@4 !N3 1@

A 1?@?/ &m= = =

$ $

0 b *@dop$ $

!N !N3 1@ 1@ 1-@

&m &mσ = = = < σ =

1 = =

- =

$==

$$=

4= 4=?=

1/=

82$==M1==M/82$==M1==M/

-M

82$$=M1/=M@4 -M1?/

$914 . . . !.,./.4.

L4M4M4

82$$=M1/=M@4

- =

/ =


75




(.3.rorač,n veze štapova isp,ne sprega za prijem bočnih ,dara sa pojasnim štapovima

(.3.1.9eza dijagonale

(.3.1.1.rorač,n broja zavrtnjeva i kontrola napona , čvornom lim,

DmaM1@/= !N II l0,aj op#)r))'ja U3oj)'i *+, - - - k-č-.-,- / neobra0eni zavrtnji

%@dop $

dop $

!N-=@

&m!N

16&m

σ =

τ =

$ $

3 dop

d 1@4 -@1/F m 1 16 -/@14 !N

/ /

× π ×= × ×τ = × × =

1

maM po#

D 1@/=' 1@ !omF -/@14

τ

= = =

Usvojeno : &'() . . . k.!.#.) -

l

%)5

- = S

mi' 1

l 1 )

) - d - 16 1 mm ) mm

= ×= × = × = ⇒ =

l 1 mm= × =

)5 % $ l #(-= $ #(-= 4-@1 mm= × × ° = × × ° = #1= mm Bd)%lji'a lima

( ) ( ) dop$ $)5 1

D 1@/= !N !N

11@= 1? % d # 4@- 1@6 1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =− × − ×

(.3.2.9eza vertikale


VmaM$1@? !N II l0,aj op#)r))'ja

U3oj)'i *+1 - - - k-č-.-,- / neobra0eni zavrtnji


76




%@dop $

dop $

!N-=@

&m!N

16&m

σ =

τ =

$ $

3 dop

d 1@$ -@1/F m 1 16 1@$$ !N

/ /

×π ×= × × τ = × × =

1

maM po#

D $1@?' 1@1- !om

F 1@$$τ

= = =

Usvojeno : &'(& . . . k.!.#.).

l

%)5

- = S

mi' 1

l 1 )

) - d - 1- - mm ) / mm

= ×= × = × = ⇒ =

l 1 / / mm= × =

)5 % $ l #(-= $ / #(-= 1@4 mm= × × ° = × × ° =

#1= mm Bd)%lji'a lima

( ) ( )

dop$ $)5 1

V $1@?= !N !N@4 1?

% d # @$ 1@- 1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

− × − ×

II l0,aj op#)r))'ja I" 0lo3a mi'imal'i+ ra"ma!a "a3r#'j)3a 'a *#apo3ima ip0') do%i3)') 0 lj)d))

dim)'"ij) poj'o( lima:

l+ 16@&m= ll$=@/ &m

$lA 1 16@ 16@&m= × =

d$ $l

V $1@? !N !N1@$ 1?

A 16@ &m &mσ = = = < σ =

V)"a "a #0% j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & %&0# a*- mm

l*$=/ mm l l $ a 14mm′ = − × = A*$⋅1@?⋅=@-11@?? &m$


77




$-

*

$ =@ - 1@ ? -@$= &m

4

× ×= =

)9 8 ) 4$@=- 1@/ ?@/ !N&m= × = × =

II $

*

8 !N@$$

A &m

ν = =

)

$*

9 ?@/ !N' $@-

-@$= &m= = =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' @6= 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & %&0#

(.3.3.9eza pojasnih štapova


84$@=- !N II l0,aj op#)r))'ja I" 0lo3a mi'imal'i+ ra"ma!a "a3r#'j)3a 'a *#apo3ima ip0') do%i3)') 0 lj)d))

dim)'"ij) poj'o( lima:

•2ro3j)ra *a3a

l+ 1&m= ll?/ &m

#l1 &m $

lA 1 1 1&m= × =

V)"a "a #0% j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & %$8# a*- mm

l*?/ mm

l l $ a 6?mm′ = − × = A*$⋅A ⋅lY-/@4? &m$

$

-*

$ a l --/@=? &m

4

′× ×= =

)9 8 ) 4$@=- 1@/ ?@/ !N&m= × = × =

II $*

8 !N1@6

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' =@$6

&m= =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $!N !N' 1@?1 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =


78




Usvojeno: & %$8#

(.3.'.*ontrola napona , lim,

(.3.'.1. ;vor (

Kom%i'a&ija? : 81 -6@?$ !N @ 8$ H-@$= !N @ 8- H-@$= !N @ 8/ H/1@-!N D1 H/-@= !N @ D$1@/= !N @ D- H$-@-= !N @ D/ H$1@/1 !N

( )l $ 8 D &o -6@?$ -@$= 1@/= &o-@6= -@$?!N=∆ + × α = + − × =∑ N maM -@$? !N= =∑ T 1@ /= i' -@ 6= $1@? 1@?=!N= × + =

l+ 19 N ) -@$? 1@/ -?4@-1!N&m

$ $ = × + = × + = ÷ ÷

$

l l lA + # 1&m= × =

$

-l l# + 4=@16&m

4

×= =

dop$ $

N 9 !N !N?@$6 1?

A &m &mσ = + = < σ =

$ $

- T !N !N/@1= 1=

$ A &m &mτ ≈ × = <

Usvojen !vorni li ≠ (0%(0%$8#

1 N =

1

1

/ =

/$@

L?=M?=M?

/NN /$@

?/

L4=M4=M4

L?=M?=M?

1 $

1 -

/ =

= - =

/ =

$ 9 14

- = /

$ 9 1 $

$ 9 1 4

1 $

$..#.&.;vor &

Kom%i'a&ija? : 8$ H-@$= !N @ 8- H-@$= !N

l = 2r o3j)ri0 'a poja'0 il0= ⇒∑


79




N8 H-@$= !N

l+ 16@9 N ) -@$= 1@/ -@?/!N&m

$ $ = × + = × + = ÷ ÷

$

l l lA + # 16@&m= × =

$

-l l# + 1@=/&m4×= =

dop $

N 9 !N1=@1= 1?

A &mσ = + = < σ =

Usvojen !vorni li ≠ (-$%(0%&0#

1 6

/ = =

L4=M4=M4

4= 6$6$

-mm

= -

$ 9 1 $

$=/

$..#.. ;vor

Kom%i'a&ija? : U 1?@6 !N

N maM 1?@6 !N= =∑ l+ $1@?

9 N ) 1?@6 @ -=6@!N&m$ $

= × + = × + = ÷ ÷

$l l lA + # $1@?&m= × =

$

-l l# + 6@ $=&m

4

×= =

dop $ N 9 !N/@6/ 1?A &m

σ = + = < σ =

Usvojen !vorni li ≠ &(8%(0%&$&

$ 1 ?

1 4 4

4= N4

$$

-mm

N4

$ 9 1 $

$

L4=M4=M4


80




$..#.#. ;vor #

l $ U D &o 1?@=6 1@/= &o-@6= @?1!N= + × α = + × =∑ N maM @?1 !N= =∑ T 1@ /= i' -@ 6= $@ !N= × =

l+ $1@?9 N ) @?1 @ ?=@??!N&m

$ $ = × + = × + = ÷ ÷

$

l l lA + # $1@?&m= × =

$

-l l# + 6@ $=&m

4

×= =

dop$ $

N 9 !N !N1@1$ 1?A &m &mσ = + = < σ =

$ $

- T !N !N$@=4 1=

$ A &m &mτ ≈ × = <

Usvojen !vorni li ≠ &(8%(0%8$

$ 1 ?

4 6 @

-/

?N

-4N/$@ 4=

1/$@

1 = @

$ 9 14

$ 9 1 $

$ 9 1 4

L?=M?=M?

L4=M4=M4

1


81




(.'.rorač,n veze štapova isp,ne sprega za prijem sila kočenja

(.'.1.9eza dijagonala za čvorni lim

DmaM 4@6- !N Z%o( &)'#ria'ja *#apo3a pr)ma #)ži*'oj li'iji *#apa 0 "a3r#'j)3ima ) ja3lja i mom)'a# ,iji ) 0#i&aj "a')mar0j).

U3oj)'i *+, - - - k-č-.-,- / neobra0eni zavrtnji

%@dop $

dop $

!N-=@

&m!N

16&m

σ =

τ =

$ $

3 dopd 1@4 -@1/F m $ 16 4?@-$ !N/ /× π ×= × ×τ = × × =

% %@dopF d # 1@4 1 -=@ /?@? !N= × ×σ = × × =∑ mi'FF %/?@?= !N

maM

po#mi'

D 4@6$' 1@14 !om

F /?@?== = =

Usvojeno : &'() . . . k.!.#.). za svaku dijagonalu

(.'.2.9eza podmetač sprega za kočenja & čvorni lim

D $4@1- !N V)"a j) o#3ar)'a a ,)#ri 0(ao'a *a3a Pretpostavka : aš < * maM * *l ?=mm l 1== a -==mm= < = × =

* * *l l $ a ?= $ - 6/mm′ = − × = − × =

$A / a l / =@- 6@/ ?@&m= × × ′ = × × =

0 dop 0$ $

*

D $4@1- !N !N3 $@/ 1-@

A ?@ &m &m

σ = = = = < σ =P

Usvojeno : # %80

(.'.3.*ontrola napona , čvornom lim, D 4@6- !N


82




l

%)5

- = S

mi' 1

l 1 )

) - d - 16 1 mm

= ×= × = × =

l 1 mm= × =

)5 % $ l #(-= $ #(-= 4-@1 mm= × × ° = × × ° = #1= mm Bd)%lji'a lima

( ) ( )

dop$ $)5 1

D 4@6- !N !N1$@$= 1? % d # 4@- 1@6 1 &m &m

σ = = = < σ =− × − ×

;vor (

+l1@ &m ##1 &m

$l l lA + # 1@&m= × =

$-

l l

# + 4-@-6&m4

×= =

1 D &o 4@6- &o-@/ /4@-!N= × α = × =∑ l+ 11 1@

9 N ) /4@- 6=4@=6 !N&m$ $ $

= × + = × + = ÷ ÷

1T D i' 4@6- i' -@/ -$@=!N= × α = × =∑

dop$ $

N 9 !N !N1-@1 1?

A &m &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- -$@= !N !N$@- 1=$ 1@ &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: ($%(0

Pretpostavka: & %&$0 a*- mm

l*$= mm l l $ a $//mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a⋅ l′ 1/@4/ &m$

$

-* $ a l @- &m4

′

× ×= =


83




)9 8 ) = !N&m= × =

II $*

8 !N1@4

A &m ν = =

)$

*

9 !N' =

&m

= =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' 1@4 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & %&$0

$ =

= -

m m

/ =

? = 1

=

1N

46@1$6@

=

$L?=M?=M?

- m

m

- m m 1 =

$914

;vor &

+l1 &m ##1 &m $

l l lA + # 1&m= × =

$

-l l# + 4-@-6&m

4

×= =

6 D D &o $4@1- 1? &o-$@/- /1@-$!N= + × α = + × =∑ l+ ? 1

9 N ) /1@-$ 6@?$!N&m$ $ $

= × + = × + = ÷ ÷

T D i' 1?@1/ i'-$@// @6-!N= × α = × =∑

dop $

N 9 !N1=@$ 1?

A &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N=@6 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: (0%(0

Pretpostavka: & %$-

a*- mml*6 mm


84




l l $ a 6-mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a⋅ l′ -/@-? &m$

$

-*

$ a l -$?@-- &m

4

′× ×= =

)9 8 ) = !N&m= × = II $

*

8 !N1@$

A &m ν = =

)$

*

9 !N' =

&m= =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' 1@$ 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & %$-

2r)j)! $H$

- m m

--

- m m

1 =

6 N

/ ? N @

/ =

2r)j)! 1H1

- m m - m m

$914

=

N$ 4?

1 =

$L?=M?=M?

1 =

/ - @

A82?=M?=M-

1N=

$

1

I2E$$=

-

/ =

$

1

1$@ -6@

- / 4

;vor

+l/@$ &m ##1 &m $

l l lA + # /@$&m= × =

$

-l l# + /=-@//&m4×= =

d 6 - D D &o $4@1- /1@1 &o6@6 /?@$=!N= + × α = + × =∑ l+ /@$

9 N /?@$ 11?@6$!N&m$ $

= × = × =

-T D i' /1@1 i' 6@6 -/@6- !N= × α = × =∑

dop $

N 9 !N-@1 1?

A &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $- T !N !N1@= 1=$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =


85




Usvojeni !vorni li: #&%(0

$L?=M?=M?

? =

=

/ =

/ N $ 1

6 =

$L?=M?=M?

? =

1$?

1 =

/

= 1 N N

/ =

?=4=1-/ N@ ? =

4=

? =

1

=

?6

/64@

-?6

/- 46@

/ -

/ =

$==

$L?=M?=M?

;vor #

+l14 &m ##1 &m

$l l lA + # 14&m= × =

$

-l l# + /$@46&m

4

×= =

6 - D D &o $4@1- /1@1 &o6@6 /@=4!N= + × α = − × =∑ l+ ? 14

9 N ) /@=4 /?@6$!N&m$ $ $

= × + = × + = ÷ ÷

-T D i' /1@1 i' 6@6 -/@6- !N= × α = × =∑

dop $

N 9 /@=4 ?@6$ !N1@4- 1?

A 14 /$@46 &mσ = + = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- -/@6- !N !N-@$4 1=

$ 14 &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: 0%(0%($

:3or /

=

1 =

? =

$L?=M?=M?

$ 4 =

/ -

A82?=M?=M-

46@ 1 =

46@1?=

? =

-1$L?=M?=M?

1=

(.(.rorač,n veza štapova poprečnog i pod,#nog krovnog sprega

(.(.1.9eza dijagonala za čvorni lim


86




DmaM 4?@=? !N Z%o( &)'#ria'ja *#apo3a pr)ma #)ži*'oj li'iji *#apa 0 "a3r#'j)3ima ) ja3lja i mom)'a# ,iji ) 0#i&aj "a')mar0j).

U3oj)'i *+, - - - k-č-.-,- / neobra0eni zavrtnji

%@dop $

dop $

!N-=@

&m!N

16&m

σ =

τ =

$ $

3 dop

d 1@4 -@1/F m 1 16 -/@14 !N

/ /

× π ×= × ×τ = × × =

% %@dopF d # 1@4 1 -=@ /?@? !N= × ×σ = × × =∑ mi'FF %-/@14 !N

maM po#

mi'

D 4?@=?' 1@ !om

F -/@14= = =


(.(.2.*ontrola napona , čvornom lim,D 4?@=? !N

l

%)5

- = S

mi' 1

l 1 )

) - d - 16 1 mm

= ×

= × = × = l 1 mm= × =

)5 % $ l #(-= $ 4= #(-= 4@- mm= × × ° = × × ° = #1= mm Bd)%lji'a lima

( ) ( )

dop$ $)5 1

D 4?@=? !N !N1-@=1 1?

% d # 4@- 1@6 1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

− × − ×

(.(.3.rorač,n veze čvornog lima

;vor(


87




V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & %&&( a*- mm

l*$$1 mm

l l $ a $1mm′ = − × = A*$⋅$1@⋅=@-1$@ &m$

$

-*

$ =@ - $1@ /4@$$ &m

4

× ×= =

8 1?@= !N=

)

?9 8 ) 1?@= 6/ !N&m

$= × = × =

II $*

8 !N1@/-

A &m ν = =

)$

*

9 !N' 1@4= &m

= =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' $@1 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & %&&(

;vor&

Pretpostavka: & %$ a*- mm

l*- mm * * *l l $ a - $ - -?mm′ = − × = − × = A*$⋅-?@⋅=@-$-@-/ &m$

$

-*

$ =@ - -?@ 11@-$ &m

4

× ×= =

8/1@--H-4@/@-/ !N

)

?

9 8 ) 8 ) /@-/ 16@-4!N&m$= × = × = × =

II $*

8 16@-4 !N=@6/

A $-@-/ &m ν = = =

)

$*

9 16@-4 !N' =@11

11@-$ &m= = =

$ $ $ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' =@6/ =@11 =@6 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = + = < σ =

Usvojeno: & %$


88




;vor

Pretpostavka: & %)()

a*- mml*414 mm

* * *l l $ a 414 $ - 41=mm′ = − × = − × = A*$⋅41⋅=@--4@4&m$

$

-*

$ =@ - -4@ 4 1--@4 &m

4

× ×= =

8/1@-$H16@=4$/@$4 !N

)

?9 8 ) 8 ) $/@$4 6@=/!N&m

$= × = × = × =

II $*

8 $/@$4 !N=@44

A -4@4 &m ν = = =

)

$*

9 6@=/ !N' =@6$

1--@4 &m= = =

$ $ $ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' =@44 =@6$ =@? 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = + = < σ =

Usvojeno: & %)()

;vor #

Pretpostavka: & %&&( a*- mm

l*$$1 mm * * *l l $ a $$1 $ - $1mm′ = − × = − × =

A*$⋅$1@⋅=@-1$@&m$

$ -*

$ =@ - $1@ /4@$$ &m4

× ×= =

81/@ !N

)

?9 8 ) 8 ) 1/@ ?@$!N&m

$= × = × = × =

II $*

8 1/@ !N1@1-

A 1$@ &m ν = = =

)

$

*

9 ?@$ !N' 1@$4

/4@$$ &m= = =


89




$ $ $ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' 1@1- 1@$4 1@6= 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = + = < σ =

Usvojeno: & %&&

;vor $

Pretpostavka: & %)() a*- mm

l*$$1 mm

* * *l l $ a 414 $ - 41=mm′ = − × = − × = A*$⋅41⋅=@--4@4&m$

$-

*

$ =@- 41 -6$@1&m4

× ×= =

8?@H-@=$@ !N

)

?9 8 ) 8 ) @ $$!N&m

$= × = × = × =

II $*

8 @ !N=@1

A -4@4 &m ν = = =

)

$*

9 $$ !N' =@=4

-6$@1 &m= = =

$ $ $ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' =@1 =@=4 =@14 1-@&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = + = < σ =

Usvojeno: & %)()

;vor )

Pretpostavka: & %)()

a*- mml*$$1 mm * * *l l $ a 414 $ - 41=mm′ = − × = − × = A*$⋅41⋅=@--4@4&m$

$

-*

$ =@- 41 -6$@1&m

4

× ×= =

8/=@$4H1@?$=@$? !N

)

?9 8 ) $=@$? ?1@1$!N&m

$= × = × =

II $*

8 $=@$? !N=@A -4@4 &m

ν = = =


90




)$

*

9 ?1@1$ !N' =@$$

-6$@1 &m= = =

$ $ $ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' =@ =@$$ =@4= 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = + = < σ =

Usvojeno: & %)()

(.(.3.1.*ontrola napona , karakterističnom presjek, lima

;vor (

+l$$@1 &m ##1 &m

$l l lA + # $$@1&m= × =

$

-l l# + ?1@/=&m

4

×= =

-?@ $=- &o /?@ =1 $@ !N= × =∑ l

) 1

+ $$@19 ) ) $@ /1=@=? !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = × + = ÷ ÷

T 1?@ = $4@? i' /?@ =1 -?@ /$ !N= + × =∑

dop $

N 9 $@ /1=@=? !N4@$= 1?A $$@1 ?1@/= &mσ = + = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- -?@/$ !N !N$@41 1=

$ $$@1 &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: &&(%(%&(8

1 / =

/ = / =

4 =

$ $ 1

4 6

L1==M1==M?

1/-@6/@

$1?

1=

L1==M1==M?

$ $ 1

1 / $ 9

1 4

1 /

=-mm

$ 9 1 4

=

-mm

1 / = 4 6

/ = 4 = / =

L1==M1==M?

?=

?=

L1==M1==M?I2E$6=

;vor &

+l$$ &m ##1 &m


91




$l l lA + # $$&m= × =

$

-l l# + ?=@46&m

4

×= =

/1@ -- -@1$ &o /1@ ? /-@ 4 !N= + × =∑ l

) 1+ $$ ?9 ) ) /-@4 4/@6 !N&m$ $ $

= × = × + = × + = ÷ ÷

T $?@ = -@1$ i' /1@ ? -=@ ? !N= + × =∑

dop $

N 9 /-@4 4/@6 !N1=@1= 1?

A $$ ?=@46 &mσ = + = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- -=@? !N !N$@11 1=

$ $$ &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: &&0%(%$

2r)j)! 1H1

L1==M1==M?

$ $ =

6 = =

$ 9 1 4

$

L1==M1==M?

L11=M11=M1=

1

1=

-N

14=@

$ $ =

= 6 =

=

= =

=

= =

$

11==

$ 9 1 4

1 / =

/ = 1 / = 4 = / =

/ = 4 = / =

1

6/@

L11=M11=M1=

L11=M11=M1=L1==M1==M?

1=

?= ?=

2r)j)! $H$

L1==M1==M? L11=M11=M1=

;vor

+l$1@? &m ##1 &m $

l l lA + # $1@?&m= × =

$

-l l# + 6@$1&m

4

×= =

/1@ -$ -@1$ &o /1@ ? /-@ 4/ !N= + × =∑ l

) 1+ $1@? ?9 ) ) /-@4/ 4=@$/ !N&m$ $ $

= × = × + = × + = ÷ ÷

T $4@ $ i' /1@ ? 1? !N= × =∑

dop $

N 9 /-@4/ 4=@$/ !N1=@$1 1?

A $1@? 6@$1 &mσ = + = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- 1? !N !N1@$/ 1=

$ $1@? &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: &(8%(%)()


92




?=

L1==M1==M?

=

1 / - @

$ 1 ? /

= 4 =

1 / = / =

6 / @

$ 9 1 4

$ 9 14

= $

1 ?

1 / - @

$ 9 14

6 / @

1 / = / =

4 =

/ =

-mm

-mm

$ 9 1 4

L1==M1==M?414

/?$46 46

1=

L1==M1==M?

L1==M1==M?

?=

L1==M1==M?

L1==M1==M?

;vor #

+l$1@? &m ##1 &m

$

l l lA + # $1@?&m= × =

$-l l# +

6@$1&m4

×= =

1/@ 1/@ $? &o /1@ ? -@ / !N= − × =∑ l

) 1

+ $$@19 ) ) -@/ ?@6 66@?$ !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = × + = ÷ ÷

T 1/@ $? i' /1@ ? @ !N= × =∑

dop $

N 9 -@/ 66@?$ !N1@14 1?

A $1@? 6@$1 &mσ = + = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- !N !N=@4$ 1=

$ $1@? &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: &(8%(%&&(

L1==M1==M?

?= $ 1 ?

1 / - @

$ 9 14

=-mm

$/=

1/ = / =

6 / @ / =

4 =

44@ 16-@

1=

?=

L1==M1==M?I2E$6=

;vor $

+l$1@? &m ##1 &m

$l l lA + # $1@?&m= × =

$

-l l# +

6@$1&m4×= =


93




-@ =$ $4@ $ &o /1@? $-@ =-!N= + × =∑ )

$1@? ?9 ) $-@=- -/-@1 !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = ÷

T $?@ 6 1/@1 i' /1@ ? 1@ -= !N= − × =∑

dop $

N 9 $-@=- -/-@1 !N@/= 1?

A $1@? 6@$1 &mσ = + = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- 1@- !N !N1@-$ 1=

$ $1@? &m &mτ = × = < τ =


L1==M1==M?

1/ = / =

6 / @

1 / - @

$ 1 ?

=

-mm

$ 9 14

4 = / = $ 9

1 4

?=

L1==M1==M?/?$

414

46 46

?=

L1==M1==M?

;vor )

+l$1@? &m ##1 &m $

l l lA + # $1@?&m= × =

$

-l l# + 6@$1&m

4

×= =

1@ ? 11@ 6 &o /1@ ? $?@ ?? !N= + × =∑ )

$1@? ?9 ) $?@?? /-=@-1 !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = ÷

T 1/@1 i' /1@ ? @ /4 !N= × =∑

dop $

N 9 $?@?? /-=@-1 !N4@6 1?

A $1@? 6@$1 &mσ = + = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- $?@?? !N !N1@? 1=

$ $1@? &m &mτ = × = < τ =



94




?=

L1==M1==M? 414

6 / @

4 = / =

1 / =

/?$

/ =

4 6 46

$ 1 ?

1 / - @

$ 9 1 4

=

$ 9 14

-mm

16=

?=

L1==M1==M?

L1==M1==M?

(..rorač,n veza štapova vertikalnog pod,#nog sprega veeg broda


95




(..1.9eza dijagonala za čvorni lim

Kom%i'a&ija 4: DmaM $=4@1 !N

Z%o( &)'#ria'ja *#apo3a pr)ma #)ži*'oj li'iji *#apa 0 "a3r#'j)3ima ) ja3lja i mom)'a# ,iji ) 0#i&aj "a')mar0j).

U3oj)'i *12 - - - k-č-.-,- / neobra0eni zavrtnji

%@dop $

dop $

!N-=@

&m!N

16&m

σ =

τ =

$ $

3 dop

d $ -@1/F m 1 16 -@-? !N

/ /

× π ×

= × ×τ = × × = % %@dopF d # $ 1@ -=@ 1@ !N= × ×σ = × × =∑ mi'FF %-@-? !N

maM

po#mi'

D $=4@1' -@?6 !om

F -@-?= = =

Usvojeno : #'&0 . . . k.!.#.). za svaku dijagonalu

(..2.*ontrola napona , čvornom lim,

D $=4@1 !N

mi' 1

l ' )

) - d - $1 4- mm

= ×= × = × =

l - 4- 1? &m= × =

)5 % $ l #(-= $ 1? #(-= $1?@$/ mm= × × ° = × × ° = #1 mm Bd)%lji'a lima

( ) ( )

dop$ $)5 1

D $=4@1 !N !N6 1?

% d # $1@?$ $@1 1@ &m &mσ = = = < σ =

− × − ×

(..3.rorač,n veza čvornog lima"vei brod$+

;vor (

V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & )%0 a*4 mm


96




l*-= mm l l $ a -= $ 4 -6?mm′ = − × = − × = A*$⋅-6@?⋅=@4/@-4&m$

$

-*

$ =@ 4 -6@? $?@66 &m

4

× ×= =

8 $?-@1- !N=

)

$$9 8 ) $?-@1- -11/@/- !N&m

$= × = × =

II $*

8 $?-@1- !N4@$/

A /@-4 &m ν = = =

)

$*

9 -11/@/- !N' 1=@?

$?@66 &m= = =

$ $ $ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' 4@$/ 1=@? 1$@ 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = + = < σ =

Usvojeno: & )%0

;vor &

V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & #%)0

a*/ mml*-4= mm l l $ a -4= $ / -$mm′ = − × = − × = A*$⋅-@$⋅=@/$?@14 &m$

$

-*

$ =@ / -@ $ 14@$1&m

4

× ×= =

8 6-@$ !N=

)

1/9 8 ) 6-@$ 1/@4/ !N&m

$= × = × =

II $*

8 6-@$ !N

$@41A $?@14 &m ν = = =

)

$*

9 1/@4/ !N' -@11

14@$1 &m= = =

$ $ $ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' $@41 -@11 /@1= 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = + = < σ =

Usvojeno: &

#%)0


97




;vor

V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & #%)) a*/ mm

l*44 mm l l $ a 44 $ / 4??mm′ = − × = − × = A*$⋅4?@?⋅=@/@=/ &m$

$

-*

$ =@ / 4?@? 4-1@1$ &m

4

× ×= =

8 $14@ 4= 6@=4 1@/ !N= − =

)

1=9 8 ) 1@/ 66@6 !N&m

$= × = × =

II $

*

8 1@/ !N$@?

A @=/ &m

ν = = =

)

$*

9 66@6 !N' 1@$4

4-1@1$ &m= = =

$ $ $ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' $@? 1@$4 -@14 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = + = < σ =

Usvojeno: &

#%))

;vor #

V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & #%)# a*/ mm

l*-4/ mm l l $ a -4/ $ / -4mm′ = − × = − × = A*$⋅-@4⋅=@/$?@/? &m$

$

-*

$ =@ / -@ 4 14?@? &m

4

× ×= =

8 $?-@1- 1$$@ 46 14=@ /4 !N= − =

)$$9 8 ) 14=@/4 164@=4 !N&m$

= × = × =

II $*

8 14=@/4 !N@4-

A $?@/? &m ν = = =

)

$*

9 164@=4 !N' 1=@//

14?@? &m= = =

$ $ $ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' @4- 1=@// 11@?4 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = + = < σ =

Usvojeno: & #%)#


98




;vor $

V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & #%)#

a*/ mml*-4/ mm

l l $ a -4/ $ / -4mm′ = − × = − × = A*$⋅-@4⋅=@/$?@/? &m$

$

-*

$ =@ / -@ 4 14?@? &m

4

× ×= =

8 6-@$ 4@- 44@!N= − =

)

1/9 8 ) 44@ /44@1- !N&m

$= × = × =

II $*

8 44@ !N$@-/A $?@/? &m ν = = =

)

$*

9 /44@1- !N' $@6

14?@? &m= = =

$ $ $ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' $@-/ $@6 -@41 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = + = < σ =

Usvojeno: & #%)#

;vor )

V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & #%#$ a*/ mm

l*-/ mm l l $ a --6 mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× ⋅$4@4 &m$

$

-*

$ a l 11@/$ &m

4

′× ×= =

8 1$$@46 4@1 $@64 !N= − =

)

$$9 8 ) $@64 ?=@-4 !N&m

$= × = × =

II $*

8 !N1@

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' -@?-

&m= =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' /@- 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =


99




Usvojeno: & #%)#;vor -

V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a.

Pretpostavka: & #%))8 a*/ mm

l*44? mm l l $ a 44=mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× ⋅$@? &m$

$

-*

$ a l ?=@? &m

4

′× ×= =

8 1=?@ 4- 1-@1= 1$1@ 6- !N= + =

)

1=9 8 ) 1$1@6- 4=?@4 !N&m

$= × = × =

II $*

8 !N$@-=

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' 1@/

&m= =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' $@- 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & #%))8

;vor 8


l*-/ mm l l $ a --6 mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× ⋅$4@4 &m$

$

-* $ a l 11@/$ &m

4

′

× ×= =

8 4@- $@-$ /@41 !N= − =

)

1/9 8 ) /@41 -$@$6 !N&m

$= × = × =

II $*

8 !N=@16

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' =@$1

&m= =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $!N !N' =@$6 1-@&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =


100




Usvojeno: & #%))8

;vor


l*--/ mm l l $ a -$4mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× ⋅$4@=? &m$

$

-*

$ a l 1/1@6= &m

4

′× ×= =

8 4@1 46@4/ $@$6 !N= − =

II $*

8 !N=@=?A &m

ν = =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' =@=? 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & #%))8

;vor (0

V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & #%& a*/ mm

l*-$ mm l l $ a -$1mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× ⋅$@4? &m$

$

-*

$ a l 1-6@- &m

4

′× ×= =

8 -6@4$ -/@?6 6$@/ !N= + =

)

1=9 8 ) 6$@/ -4$@/ !N&m

$= × = × =

II $*

8 !N$@?$

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' $@4-

&m= =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' -@?4 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & #%&


101




;vor ((

V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & #%# a*/ mm

l*--/ mm l l $ a -$4mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× ⋅$4@=? &m$

$

-*

$ a l 1/1@6 &m

4

′× ×= =

8 1$@41 $@-$ 1/@- !N= + =

)

1/

9 8 ) 1/@- 1=/@1 !N&m$= × = × =

II $*

8 !N=@6

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' =@6-

&m= =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' =@- 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & #%#

(..'.*ontrola napona , karakterističnom presjek, lima"vei brod$ ;vor (

+l-/@6&m ##1@ &m

$l l lA + # $@=&m= × =

$

-l l# + -=1@=$&m

4

×= =

$=4@1 &o /$@16 1-@-!N= × =∑ )

-/@6 $$9 ) 1-@- /-/6@/6 !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = ÷

T $=4@1 i'/$@16 1-?@1 !N= × =∑

dop $

N 9 !N16@-? 1?

A &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N/ 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =


102




Usvojeni !vorni li: #-%(,$%0

- N =

- 1 =

6 = 6 =

$ =

/9$=

L1$=M1$=M1$

m$$=

A82$==M1==M/

6 =

=

L1$=M1$=M1$

$??N

=

4 m m

=

/ 9 $ =

m$$=

-/6

;vor & +l-/@6&m ##1@ &m $

l l lA + # $@=&m= × =

$

-l l# + -=1@=$&m

4

×= =

$=1@ -= &o /$@16 1/@ $ !N= × =∑ )

-/@6 1/9 ) 1/@$ -4--@=$ !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = ÷

T $=1@- i'/$@16 1-@1/ !N= × =∑

dop $

N 9 !N1/@- 1?

A &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N$@6 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: #-%(,$%)0

- 4 =

=

- 1 = 1

= 6 @

6 =

L1$=M1$=M1$

/9$=

A82$$=M1/=M@4 1

= 6 = 6 =

/ 9 $ =

-/6

$?

=

/ m m

A82$$=M1/=M@4 1 6 $ ? = @

?N

L1$=M1$=M1$


103




;vor

+l-/@6&m ##1@ &m

$l l lA + # $@=&m= × =

$

-l l# + -=1@=$&m

4

×= =

$=4@ 1 &o /$@16 6@ =4 4@ $ !N= × − =∑ )

-/@6 1/9 ) 4@$ $-//@44 !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = ÷

T $=1@- i'/$@16 1-@1/ !N= × =∑

dop $

N 9 !N

@4/ 1?A &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N$@6 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: )0%(,$%))

1??N ?N 1

L1$=M1$=M1$

4N4

L1$=M1$=M1$

- 1

=

$ 6 N @

- 4 =

= / 9 $ = / 9

$ = 6 = ?

= @

=

6 = 6 =

=

/mm

A82$==M1==M/

A82$==M1==M/

/ 9 $ =/mm/mm

;vor #

+l-/@$&m

##1@ &m $

l l lA + # 1@-&m= × =

$

-l l# + $$@/1&m

4

×= =

1$$@ 46 4@ 41 &o /=@ -? 14@ $6 !N= + × =∑ )

-/@$ $$9 ) 6-@4 $=4?@14 !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = ÷

T 4@ 41 i' /=@ -? 6@ =4 @ - !N= × − =∑


104




dop$ $

N 9 !N !N?@ 1?

A &m &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N=@14 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: #&%(,$%)#

- 4 /

- 1 =

6 = 6 =

m$$=

L1$=M1$=M1$

1

/9$=

A82$==M1==M/

=

N1@ $=@

= 6

=

/ m m

/ 9 $ =

=

m$$=

L1$=M1$=M1$

-/$

;vor $

+l-/@$&m

##1@ &m $l l lA + # 1@-&m= × =

$

-l l# + $$@/1&m

4

×= =

4@- 1@- &o /=@-? 64@4 !N= + × =∑ )

-/@$ 1/9 ) 6=@=- 1?/@6- !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = ÷

T $14@ 4 1@ - i' /=@ -? 16@ =!N= − × =∑

dop$ $ N 9 !N !N6@?/ 1?A &m &m

σ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N/@4 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: #&%(,$%)#


105




- 4 /

- 4 / 6 =

- 1 = 6 =

A82$$=M1/=M@4

L1$=M1$=M1$

/9$=

1

A82$==M1==M/

= 6 =

-/$

$=@

/mm

=A82$$=M1/=M@4

N1@

= / 9 $ =

L1$=M1$=M1$

;vor )

+l-4@$&m ##1@ &m

$l l lA + # /@-&m= × =

$

-l l# + $$6@41&m

4

×= =

4@ 1 1@1 &o /?@ 4 ?$@ !N= + × =∑ )

-4@$ $$9 ) ?$@ $/=$@$1 !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = ÷

T 1@1 i' /?@ 4 1-@1= 1@ - !N= × − =∑

dop$ $

N 9 !N !N?@? 1?

A &m &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N=@=/ 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: )&%(,$%#$

- /

6 =

=

- 1 =

/ 9 $ =

1

/9$=

L1$=M1$=M1$

A82$==M1==M/

6 =

=

6 =

m$$=

=

$?$@6N@

/ m m

L1$=M1$=M1$

-4$

m$$=

;vor -


106




+l-4@/&m ##1@ &m $

l l lA + # /@4&m= × =

$

-l l# + --1@$/ &m

4

×= =

4@ 1 1-@1= &o /@ 4$ ??@ /$ !N= − × =∑ )

-4@/ 1=9 ) ??@/$ $=1@-/ !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = ÷

T 4@ 41 i' /@ 4$ 6-@ 4= !N= × =∑

dop$ $

N 9 !N !N6@?1 1?

A &m &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N$@=$ 1=

$ A &m &m

τ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: )#%(,$%))8

N1@/?N1@

L1$=M1$=M1$

44?

L1$=M1$=M1$

1

- 4 /

$ ? 4 @

=/mm

6 = - 1 =

6 = 6 6 @

=

= / 9 $ =

6 = / 9 $ =

L1$=M1$=M1$ / 9 $ =

A82$==M1==M/

A82$==M1==M/

/mm/mm

;vor 8

+l-4@$&m ##1@ &m

$l l lA + # /@-&m= × =

$

-l l# + -$6@41 &m

4

×= =

1$@ 6- $@-$ &o /@ 4$ 1/@ $- !N= + × =∑ )

-4@$ 1/9 ) 1/@$- -6@16 !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = ÷

T 1=?@ 4- 1$@ 6- i' /@ 4$ ?@ - !N= − × =∑

dop$ $

N 9 !N !N1@- 1?A &m &mσ = + = < σ =


107




dop$ $

- T !N !N$@6- 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: )&%(,$%#$

- /

6 = 6

=

- 1 =

6 =

A82$$=M1/=M@4

L1$=M1$=M1$

/9$=

1

A82$==M1==M/

=

A82$$=M1/=M@4

$?$@ 6N@

/ 9 $ = /

m m

=

=

-4$

L1$=M1$=M1$

;vor

+l-4@&m ##1@ &m $

l l lA + # @-&m= × =

$

-l l# + -/=@/= &m

4

×= =

46@ 4/ -@ 6 &o $@ /6 ?@ // !N= + × =

∑ )

-4@9 ) ?@// 14=@16 !N&m

$= × = × =

T -@ 6 i' $@ /6 $?@ -? !N= × =∑ dop$ $

N 9 !N !N4@/4 1?

A &m &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N=@- 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: )%(,$%#

1

- - /

=

6 =

= - 1 =

L1$=M1$=M1$

6 =

6 =

/9$=I2</==

6-@ $N @

-4N

L1$=M1$=M1$

/ m m

/ 9 $ =

= I2</==


108




;vor (0

+l-$@&m ##1@ &m

$l l lA + # /@-&m= × =

$

-l l# + $6=@4= &m

4

×= =

-6@ 4$ 1$@ 6- &o //@- $?@1 !N= − × =∑ )

-$@ 1=9 ) $?@1 411@/ !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = ÷

T 1@1 i'//@- 1-@/1 !N= × =∑

dop$ $

N 9 !N !N$@?- 1?A &m &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N=@/1 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: &%(,$%0-

6466= 6=

L1$=M1$=M1$

N=6

L1$=M1$=M1$

1

- $ N

$ - 1

=/mm

N ? 6 = - 1=

6 = = 6 =

/ 9 $ = / 9

$ = = /

9 $ =

L1$=M1$=M1$

A82$==M1==M/

A82$==M1==M/

/mm/mm

;vor ((

+l-4@&m

##1@ &m $

l l lA + # @-&m= × =

$

-l l# + -/=@/= &m

4

×= =

-=@$ &o $@ /? 1$@ 41 4@ $$ !N= × − =∑ )

-4@ 1/9 ) 4@$$ 1?@-= !N&m

$ $ = × = × + = ÷

T -6@ 4$ -=@ $ i' $@ /? 1-@1= !N= − × =∑

dop$ $ N 9 !N !N=@6 1?A &m &m

σ = + = < σ =


109




dop$ $

- T !N !N=@- 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: )%(,$%#

=

6 =

- 1 =

- - /

/ 9 $ =

6 =

A82$==M1==M/

L1$=M1$=M1$

/9$=

A82$$=M1/=M@4

=

1

6 =

-4N

$N@

A82$$=M1/=M@4

=

6-@

L1$=M1$=M1$

• Za ma'ji %rod ) ra"li!0j0 d)#alji 3)"a.Da#i 0 'a 'a&r#0.

(.4.rorač,n veza štapova horizontalnog sprega ,z kalkanski zid

(.4.1.9eza dijagonala za čvorni lim


110




Kom%i'a&ija 4: DmaM H4-@$6 !N

Z%o( &)'#ria'ja *#apo3a pr)ma #)ži*'oj li'iji *#apa 0 "a3r#'j)3ima ) ja3lja i mom)'a# ,iji ) 0#i&aj "a')mar0j).


%@dop $

dop $

!N-=@

&m!N

16&m

σ =

τ =

$ $

3 dop

d 1@4 -@1/F m 1 16 -/@14 !N

/ /

× π ×= × ×τ = × × =

% %@dopF d # 1@4 1 -=@ /?@? !N= × ×σ = × × =

∑ mi'FF %-/@14 !N

maM

po#mi'

D 4-@$6' 1@? !om

F -/@14= = =


(.4.2.*ontrola napona , čvornom lim,

D 4-@$6 !N

mi' 1

l ' )

) - d - 16 1 mm

= ×= × = × =

l 1 1 1 &m= × =

)5 % $ l #(-= $ 1 #(-= ?@? mm= × × ° = × × ° = #1 mm Bd)%lji'a lima

( ) ( )

dop$ $)5 1

D 4-@$6 !N !N1@=4 1?

% d # @ 1@6 1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

− × − ×

(.4.3.9eza vertikale za čvorni lim

V14@1 !N

$ $

3 dop

d 1@$ -@1/F m 1 16 1@$1 !N

/ /

×π ×= × ×τ = × × =

% %@dopF d # 1@$ 1 -=@ -4@4 !N= × ×σ = × × =∑ mi'FF %1@$1!N


111




maM po#

mi'

D 14@1' =@?4 !om

F 1@$1= = =

Usvojeno : &'(& . . . k.!.#.). za svaku vertikalu

(.4.'.*ontrola napona , čvornom lim,

V 14@1 !N

mi' 1

l ' )

) - d - 1- - mm

= ×= × = × =

l 1 - - &m= × =

)5 % $ l #(-= $ - #(-= /@=- mm= × × ° = × × ° = #1 mm Bd)%lji'a lima

( ) ( )

dop$ $)5 1

D 14@1 !N !N@14 1?

% d # /@= 1@- 1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

− × − ×

(.4.(.9eza pojasnog štapa za čvorni lim 8?@?/ !N


%@dop $

dop $

!N-=@&m

!N16

&m

σ =

τ =

$ $

3 dop

d 1@4 -@1/F m 1 16 -/@14 !N

/ /

× π ×= × ×τ = × × =

% %@dopF d # 1@4 1 -=@ /?@? !N= × ×σ = × × =∑ mi'FF %-/@14 !N

maM

po#mi'

8 ?@?/' $@1 !omF -/@14

= = =

Usvojeno : '() . . . k.!.#.).

(.4..*ontrola napona , čvornom lim,

8 ?@?/ !N

mi' 1

l ' )) - d - 16 1 mm= ×= × = × =


112




l $ 1 1=@$ &m= × =

)5 % $ l #(-= $ 1=$ #(-= 116@6? mm= × × ° = × × ° = #1 mm Bd)%lji'a lima

( ) ( )dop$ $

)5 1

8 ?@?/ !N !N?@$ 1? % d # 11@66 1@6 1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =− × − ×

(.4.4.rorač,n veza čvornog lima i kontrola lima , karakterističnom presjek, ;vor (

• Prora!un šava V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & %&( a*- mm

l*$1 mm l l $ a $1-mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× ⋅1$@6? &m$

$

-*

$ a l /@-6 &m

4

′× ×= =

8 1$@= !N=

)

1=9 8 ) 1$@= 4/@ !N&m

$= × = × =

II $*

D !N1A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' 1@/$

&m= =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' 1@6/ 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & %&(

• kontrola lia

+l$$@1&m ##1 &m

$l l lA + # $$@1&m= × =

$

-l l# + ?1@/= &m

4

×= =

1$@= 4-@ $6 &o /4@? @? !N= + × =∑

)

$$@1 1=9 ) @? ??@/? !N&m

$ $

= × = × + = ÷


113




T 4-@ $6 i' /4@? /4@14 !N= × =∑

dop$ $

N 9 !N !N1-@= 1?

A &m &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $- T !N !N-@1- 1=$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: &&(%(,$%&(

$ $ 1 4

N

1 $

/ =

4 =

/ =

-mm = $ 9

1 46-/= 1=4

$1N

A82$==M1==M/

L1==M1==M1=

L1==M1==M1=

;vor &• Prora!un šava

V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & %(#0 a*- mm

l*1/= mm l l $ a 1-/mm′ = − × =

A*$⋅a l× ⋅?@=/&m$

$

-*

$ a l 16@4 &m

4

′× ×= =

8 1$@= 1$@-= =@4=!N= − =

)

1/9 8 ) =@4= /@$ !N&m

$= × = × =

II $*

8 !N=@=6

A &m ν = =

)

$

*

9 !N' =@$-

&m= =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' =@$/ 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & %(#0

• kontrola lia

+l16 &m ##1 &m $

l l lA + # 16&m= × =


114




$-l l# +

/?@16 &m4

×= =

1$@= !N=∑ )

16 $$9 ) 1$@ $1@ !N&m

$ $

= × = × + = ÷

T 11@ / !N=∑

dop$ $

N 9 !N !N@? 1?

A &m &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N1@= 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: &-0%(%()0

$ 9 1 $

-mm

A82$$=M1/=M@4

L4=M4=M4

1 6 =

= - -

=

=4==

14=

L4=M4=M4

;vor

• kontrola lia

+l-/@1 &m ##1 &m $

l l lA + # -/@1&m= × =

$

-l l# + 1-@?= &m

4

×= =

4-@ $6 &o /-@1 /4@14 !N= × =∑ )9 ) /4@14 ?@= -6-@/- !N&m= × = × =

T 11@ / /6@ $? &o /-@1 /4@ /- !N= + × =∑

dop$ $

N 9 !N !N-@$? 1?

A &m &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N$@=/ 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: #(%(%$


115




L1==M1==M1=

--

$ 9 1 4

- / 1

1 $

/ = 4

N $ 9 1 $

-?66- 6-

L4=M4=M4

$ 1

L1==M1==M1=

1 $ =

-914

$ 9 1 4 / =

=4 =

$ 1 L1==M1==M1=

;vor #

• Prora!un šava V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a d3a 0(ao'a *a3a. Pretpostavka: & %$-0 a*- mm

l*6= mm l l $ a 4/mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× --@?/ &m$

$

-*

$ a l -1?@1=&m

4

′× ×= =

8 1$@-= /@$ ?@1!N= − =

)

1=9 8 ) ?@11 /=@ !N&m

$

= × = × =

II $*

8 !N=@$/

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' =@1$

&m= =

$ $ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' =@$6 1-@

&m &m⊥σ = + ν + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & %$-0

• kontrola lia

+l-= &m ##1 &m $

l l lA + # -=&m= × =

$

-l l# + 1= &m

4

×= =

/6@ $? &o /4@? 1$@-= 1@?/ !N= × − =∑ )9 ) 1@?/ 1$@ $/? !N&m= × = × = T /6@ $? i' /4@? -/@ = !N= × =∑


116




dop$ $

N 9 !N !N$@-1 1?

A &m &mσ = + = < σ =

dop$ $

- T !N !N1@6$ 1=

$ A &m &mτ = × = < τ =

Usvojeni !vorni li: 00%(%$-0

2r)j)! $H$2r)j)! 1H1

L1==M1==M1=

82$==M1==M/

- = =

$ - 1

-mm = / =

$ 1

$ 9 1 4

/ =$ 9

1 4 $ 9 1 $

4 = 4

N L1==M1==M1=

L4=M4=M4

$ 1

/$/6- 6-

16=

L1==M1==M1=

L4=M4=M4

(..rorač,n veza glavnog nosača

(..1.-ešetkasta rigla veeg broda


117




;vor(=1eza rigle za stub 6 ( ,6 & > Kom%i'a&ija16: maM 3R --?@=1 i'$@1= $?/@-1 i'@61 1-4@1=!N= × − × =

maM +R --?@ =1 &o $@1= $?/@ -1 &o @ 61 1$@ // !N= × − × =

• \)'#rir plo,a Pretpostavka: $0%&$%(80

maM 3

mi'dop

1@ R 1@ 1-4@1=# =@4-&m $@&m

l 1? 1?

× ×= = = <

×σ ×

% $ # &m= × = /

maM 3dop.II$ $

R E 1-4@1= $@1 1= !N !N=@/$ 64@6= ?1@

l R 1? $ &m &m

× × ×σ = × = = < = σ

× × Usvojeno: $0%&$%(80

Ca3 "a 3)"0 &)'#rir plo,) "a (la30 #0%a *a /mm=

( )*l $ 1? /4&m= × + =

$

1-4@1= !N' 6@/=

/4 =@/ &m= =

×

$

1$@// !N3 =@?4

$ 1? =@/ &m⊥ = =× ×

$ $0 0@dop$

!N' 3 6@/ 1-@

&m⊥σ = + = < = σ

• 2lo,a (la3) #0%a Pretpostavka d<&0

=@ 1-4@1= !N

-@/=1? $ 1 &m

×= =

+ ×

( )!N&m

9 -@/= =@ =@ 1 @&m

= × × × + =

maM dop$ $

-@/= !N !N1@6= 1=@

$ &m &mτ = = < τ =

maM dop$ $ $4 @ !N !N?@$ 1?

$ &m &m×σ = = < σ =

$ $0 $

!N- @/=

&mσ = σ + × τ =

2ro3j)ra 'apo'a 0 *a30 "a 3)"0 plo,) (la3) #0%a a 'alij)ž0om po3r*i'om pr)j)!a

( ) ( )*l $ 1? $ $ 1 $ $@ $ 1 =&m= × + × − + × + − =

0 $

1-4@1= !N' 4@?1

= =@/ &mσ = = =

×

$

1$@// !N3 =@4$

= =@/ &m⊥ = =

×


118




$ $0 0@dop$

!N' 3 4@?/ 1-@

&m⊥σ = + = < = σ

• 8lo'a,!i dio ri(l) 2ri+3a#a'j) 3)r#i!al') r)a!&ij) ri(l) od &)'#rir plo,a pr)!o l)ži*') plo,) ri(l)Bd1mm

'a olo'a,!i ,3or 3r*i ) pr)!o 3)r#i!al'o( lima ,3oraBd1$mm i lima olo'a,!o(0!r0)'jaBd1$mm.

Dim)'"ij) 3)r#i!al'o( lima ,3ora ) 03ajaj0 o%"irom 'a mi,0) 'apo').$

po#3 3l

1-4@1=A 1=@1=&m

1-@= =

$

po#3 3l

1$@//A =@$&m

1-@= =

U3aja ) 3)r#i!al'i lim ,3ora #1$ mm@+-$= mm@%/$= mm. $

3 3l

A -$ 1@$ -?@/&m 1=@1== × = >

$+ 3lA /$ 1@$ =@/&m =@$= × = >

( ) $lA 1? 1@$ $ 1@ 1@$ 1@$ $-@64&m= × + × − × =

2ro3j)ra 'apo'a :

maM 3

$ $l

R 1-4@1= !N !N@6- 1?

A $-@64 &m &mσ = = = <

2ro3j)ra 'apo'a 0 0(ao'om *a30 "a 3)"0 lima olo'a,!o( 0!r0)'ja a l)ži*'om plo,omri(l):

( )

0 $ $

1-4@1= !N !N' ?@4= 1-@

$ =@/ 1? - 1@$ &m &mσ = = = <

× × + −2ro3j)ra 'apo'a 0 0(ao'om *a30 "a 3)"0 lima olo'a,!o( 0!r0)'ja a 3)r#i!al'im limom,3ora:

0 $ $

1-4@1= !N !N3 $@44 1-@

/ =@/ -$ &m &mσ = = = <

× ×P

U(ao'i *a3o3i "a 3)"0 3)r#i!al'o( lima ,3ora a l)ži*'om plo,om ri(l) 0 /mm d)%lji') i o'i pri+3a#aj0 +ori"o'#al'0 r)a!&ij0 ri(l).

• Vij&i "a 3)"0Kom%i'a&ija1=:

mi' 3R 1$@1 i' @ 61 $?@?1 i' $@1= 1$@ / !N= × − × = −Za prij)m ')(a#i3') r)a!&ij) i "%o( mo'#až'i+ ra"lo(a ) po#a3ljaj0 3ij&i$91$...1=.BF p=@,ija j) 'oi3o# 'a "a#)"a'j)BJUS U.E6.1/=

dop mi' 3Z $ /1 =@?/- 4@1=!N R 1$@/!N= × × = > =∑• 8d%oj') plo,i&)U3ajaj0 ) o%o#ra'o od%oj') plo,i&) /=M$=M11$≠ !oj) ) "a3ar0j0 "al)ži*'0 plo,0ri(l) 0(ao'im *a3o3ima /mm.2o#a3ljaj0 ) i od%oj') plo,i&) -M1M1≠ !oj) ) "a3ar0j0 "a olp'a,!0 plo,0 ri(l) a

%o,'i+ #ra'a i" mo'#až'i+ ra"lo(a.


119




/

- =

/==1= 1=

/ m m

/mm 1

$ = $ = $

/mm1

$ ? =

1

/ m m

1$

L11=M11=M1=

- 4 =

/ m m / m

m

I2E-4=

(..2.rorač,n veza štapova isp,ne za čvorni lim

• ?ijagonala ?( ,?& DmaM--?@=1!N

V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a po d3a 0(ao'a *a3a@ pr)#po#a3lj)')d)%lji') #1= mm.

Pretpostavka: & )%&80

* *@maM mi'a 4mm a =@6 # =@6 1= 6mm= < = × = × =

* maM * *l $?=mm l 1== a 4==mm= < = × =

l l $ a $4?mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× ⋅-$@14 &m$

$-

*

$ a l

1/-@4 &m4

′× ×= =

DmaM--?@=1!N

)

19 8 ) --?@=1 /@-- =@4 1=1@66 !N&m

$ = × = × − − = ÷

II $*

D !N1=@1

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' 6@4

&m= =

$ $

II dop *@II$ $

!N !N

' 1$@6 1-@&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & )%&80

• Ko'#rola 'apo'a 0 ,3or'om lim0 'a mj)#0 0'o*)'ja il) D

DmaM--?@=1!N

*a 4mm= l $4?mm′ =


120




)5 * % $ l #(-= a -1@/&m= × ′× + = #1=mm

dop$ $

D --?@=1 !N !N1=@61 1?

A -1@/ 1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

×

• ?ijagonala ? ,?# , ?$ ,?) ,DmaM1$4@6$ !N

V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a po d3a 0(ao'a *a3a@ pr)#po#a3lj)')D)%lji') j) #1= mm.

Pretpostavka: & #%()0

* *@maM mi'a /mm a =@6 # =@6 4 /@$mm= < = × = × = * maM * *l 14=mm l 1== a /==mm= < = × =

l l $ a 1$mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× ⋅1$@14 &m$

$

-*

$ a l -=@?1&m

4

′× ×= =

DmaM1$4@6$ !N

)

19 8 ) 1$4@6$ $@ =@/ $=@= !N&m

$ = × = × − − = ÷

II $*

D !N1=@/$A &m

ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' 4@6?

&m= =

$ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' 1$@/- 1-@

&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & #%()0


DmaM1$4@6$ !N *a /mm= l 1$mm′ =

)5 * % $ l #(-= a 16@&m= × ′× + = #1=mm


121




dop$ $

D 1$4@6$ !N !N6@=4 1?

A 16@ 1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

×

• 1ertikala 1 ( ,1 & V p 1?@-/ !N


Pretpostavka: & #%&(0

* *@maM mi'a /mm a =@6 # =@6 ? @4mm= < = × = × =

* maM * *l $1=mm l 1== a /==mm= < = × =

l l $ a $=$mm′ = − × =

A*$⋅a l× ⋅14@14 &m$

$

-*

$ a l /@/1&m

4

′× ×= =

VmaM1?@-/ !N

)

19 8 ) 1?@-/ -@?6 =@/ /6=@$6 !N&m

$ = × = × − − = ÷

II $*

D !N@6

A &m ν = =

)

$

*

9 !N' ?@4/

&m

= =

$ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' 1-@=4 1-@

&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & #%&(0

• Ko'#rola 'apo'a 0 ,3or'om lim0 'a mj)#0 0'o*)'ja il) V

VmaM1?@-/ !N *a /mm=

l $=$mm′ = )5 * % $ l #(-= a $-@6$ &m= × ′× + = #1=mm

dop$ $

V 1?@-/ !N !N4@46 1?

A $-@6$ 1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

×


122




• 1ertikala 1 ,1 # , 1 $ ,1 ) V p 6/@4/ !N


Pretpostavka: & #%((0

* *@maM mi'a /mm a =@6 # =@6 ? @4mm= < = × = × = * maM * *l 11=mm l 1== a /==mm= < = × =

l l $ a 1=$mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× ⋅?@14 &m$

$

-*

$ a l 1-@?6 &m

4

′× ×= =

VmaM6/@4/ !N

)

19 8 ) 6/@4/ $@46 =@/ 1-$@11 !N&m

$ = × = × − − = ÷

II $*

V !N@1/A &m

ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' @$

&m= =

$ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' 1-@$= 1-@

&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & #%((0


VmaM6/@4/ !N *a /mm=

l 1=$mm′ =

)5 * % $ l #(-= a 1$@16&m= × ′× + = #1=mm

dop$ $D 6/@4/ !N !N4@1- 1?A 1$@16 1 &m &m

σ = = = < σ =×

(..3.rorač,n veza pojasnih štapova za čvorni lim i kontrola napona , čvornom lim,

;vor &

• Prora!un šava


123




8 /4/@ 6 $?/@-1 1?=@ // !N= − =V

-4

9 8 ) 1?=@// -$/6@$ !N&m$

= × = × =V

Pretpostavka: & #%)))

* *@maM mi'a /mm a =@6 # =@6 ? @4mm

= < = × = × = I" !o'#0!#i3'o( o%li!o3a'ja lima: * maM * * *r l 444mm l 1== a /==mm l 444mm= > = × = ⇒ =

l l $ a 4?mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× $@4/ &m$

$

-*

$ a l 66@$? &m

4

′× ×= =

II $*

D !N-@/$

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' @4$

&m= =

$ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' 4@? 1-@

&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & #%)))

L1==M1==M?

444

/

$ - N

1 ?

$ ? =

1 =

1$

L11=M11=M1=1=

$ =

4 @ ?

@

$ 1 = 4

m m 4 m

m / m

m

/ m

m $ N $

4 m

m

4 m

m / m m

/ m m

L11=M11=M1= L1==M1==M?

I2E-4=

1$

2r)j)! 1H1

I2E-4=

2r)j)! $H$

;vor

• Prora!un šava

U $@ -? !N=V

$6

9 U ) $@-? -?6@4- !N&m$

= × = × =V

Pretpostavka: & #%-)0

* *@maM mi'a /mm a =@6 # =@6 ? @4mm= < = × = × = I" !o'#0!#i3'o( o%li!o3a'ja lima:

* maM * * *r l 64=mm l 1== a /==mm l 64=mm= > = × = ⇒ =

l l $ a 6$mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× 4=@14 &m$


124




$-

*

$ a l 6/ &m

4

′× ×= =

II $

*

U !N/@

A &m

ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' @$?

&m= =

$ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' 6@$1 1-@

&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & #%-)0

64=

41-

$

$ = =

$ 6 -

- =

1$

$ ? = 6

-4 m

m4 m

m

$

L11=M11=M1=

6-@N-=

1

4 -

I2E$6=

$ 1 =

/ m m

/ m m

1

/ m m

/ m m

I2E$6= I2E$6=

4 m m

4 m m

L 1= =M 1= =M? L11 =M 11= M1=

2r)j)! 1H1 1 =L1==M1==M?

2r)j)! $H$

;vor #

• Prora!un šava

8 4@ /4/@ 6 1=1@ $/ !N= − =V

-4

9 8 ) 1?=@// -$/6@$ !N&m$

= × = × =V

Pretpostavka: & #%)$


* maM * * *r l 4-mm l 1== a /==mm l 4-mm= > = × = ⇒ =

l l $ a 4$6 mm′ = − × =

A*$⋅a l× =@14 &m$

$

-*

$ a l $/@16 &m

4

′× ×= =

II $*

8 !N$@=1

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' -@/6

&m= =

$ $

II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' /@=$ 1-@

&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =


125




Usvojeno: & #%)$

L11=M11=M1=

4-1

L1==M1==M?

L4M4M4

1 = 1=

$ 1 =

$ - N

1 - 6

@

$

1 = 1 @

/ m m

/ m m $

/ N

1 N ? @

14 =

/ m m

1

/ m m

= @

/ m m

/ m m

I2E-4=

L1==M1==M? / m m

/ m m

I2E-4=

$ 1

2r)j)! 1H1 2r)j)! $H$

;vor $

• Prora!un šava

U /66@ =1 6?@1- 1=1@1$ !N= − =V

$6

9 U ) 1=1@1$ 1-4@1$ !N&m$

= × = × =V

Pretpostavka: & #%-(


* maM * * *r l 61mm l 1== a /==mm l 61mm= > = × = ⇒ =

l l $ a 611mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× 4@?? &m$

$

-*

$ a l 46/@=- &m

4

′× ×= =

II $*

U !N1@66

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' $@=$

&m= =

$ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' $@6= 1-@

&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: & #%-(

1=

6-

$ - 6

4 m m

4 N 4 m

m

I2E$6=

- = 4

/ m m

/ m m

/ m m

$ 1 =

N 4

6-

4$@

L11=M11=M1=

4=@ -?@16-@N

1 =

L1==M1==M?


126




(..2. -igla manjeg broda

(..2.a$9eza rigle za srednji st,b !2

V)"a j) o#3ar)'a pr)!o ,)o'i+ plo,a i VVV 1=.. a p0'om ilom pr)d'apr)"a'ja F p.

Kom%i'a&ija4: 9 H1=@- !Nm @ N H1@6? !N @ V H1--@4= !N Kom%i'a&ija1=: 9@// !N @ N1/ !N @ V1@-/ !N Kara!#)ri#i!) pr)j)!a : $ $= -== 64= 6≠ × + ×P

A 16-@$= &m$

$=-@$ &m-

maM 1= dop$ $

N 9 1/ @// 1== !N !N1@1/ 1?

A 16-@ $= $=-@$ &m &m

×σ = + = + = < σ =

maM 4 dop$ $W

T 1--@4= !N !N$@1 1=

A 64 =@6 &m &mτ = = = < τ =

×

• V)"a ri(l) "a ,)o'0 plo,08#3ar0j) ) "a3ari3a'j)m 0(ao'im *a3o3ima.Za poj 'oži&):

5 a =@ # 1=mm a 1$mm≥ × = ⇒ =Za poj r)%ra:

Wa =@ # -@mm a /mm≥ × = ⇒ =

6

4 =

? =

=

$

=

$

=

/ /

1$

1 $ 1 $

1$

-==

6

1$1$

( ) ( )

- - -$ $ /

*

-= 1@ $ 1$@ 1@ $ =@ / 6=I $ -= 1@ $ /=@4 / 1$@ 1@$ -6@ / $ $ $$/?/@4$ &m1$ 1$ 1$

× × ×= × × × + × × × + × + + =

-

*

$$/?/@4$Z /6@ // &m

/@1$= =

( ) $*@5 A -= 1@$ 1$@ 1@$ $ $ 1-$ &m= × + × × × =

$*@WA =@/ 6= $ 4 &m= × × =

$*A 1?? &m=

Ko'#rola 'apo'a 0 #a,!i 1:

0 dop$ $4= 1/ @// 1== !N !N' =@=6 1@11 1@1? 1-@16-@$= $ -= 1@$ /6@// &m &m×σ = = × + = + = < σ =× ×


127




Ko'#rola 'apo'a 0 #a,!i $:

$

/ 1@6? -4 !N' 1@11 =@6

16-@$= 4 /@1$ &m= × + × =

$II

1@-/=@=-!N>&m4 ν = =

$ $0 d$ $

!N !N=@6 =@=- =@6 1-@

&m &mσ = + = ≤ σ =

Ko'#rola 'apo'a 0 #a,!i -:$ $

0 d$ $

!N !N=@=6 =@=- =@=6 1-@

&m &mσ = + = ≤ σ =

• V)"a ,)o') plo,)

'ož#

A9 @// 1== 4=F N 1/ 44@$- !N

' A 6? 16-@$=

×= − × = − × =

Sila "a#)"a'ja 0 j)d'om 3ij!0

#

44@$-Z $=@6 !N

$ 1 $ =@?= =

× + ×Sila "a#)"a'ja ') mij) da pr)):

do" Z =@? Fp =@ 1/ 1$-@$!N= × = × = "a II l0,aj op#)r))'ja9$=...1=.

ZT$=@6 !N1$-@$ !N2r)ma #a'dard0 JUS U.E6.1/= #ra'3)r"al'0 il0 pr)0"imaj0 3ij&i 0 %li"i'i 'oži&) 0 !ojojdj)l0j) ila pri#i!a.Za 3ij!) 9$$...1=.

$ $I

# dop

d $@= -@1/F -$ 1==@/? !N

/ /

× π ×= τ × = =

1--@4=' 1@-- /9$=...1=.

1==@/?= = ⇒

Usvojeno: #'&0@(0.

• )o'a plo,a

pld 1 d $=mm= × =I" !o'#r0!#i3'o( o%li!o3a'ja ) do%ij0 dim)'"ij) ,)o') plo,): Usvojeno: 00%&0%0$8ja,a'ja : Usvojeno: (#%(0%$&


128




? = =

N =

4 6

1$1$ 4 =

-==

?=

- =

- = 1$

1/= ?=

/ /

6 -

=

/

4 1$ 1$

1$

2r)j)! $H$

/== $=

IPB400

300x20

134x352x101

$

1

9$=

760x7

300x20x905

300x20

9$=

134x352x10

$

(..2.b$9eza rigle za krajnji st,b !3

Kom%i'a&ija: 9 H?@-- !Nm @ Nod( H14@-1!N @ V 1=@/1 !N

Kara!#)ri#i!) pr)j)!a : $ $= -== 64= 6≠ × + ×P

A 16-@$= &m$

$=-@$ &m-

maM 1= dop$ $

N 9 14@-1 ?@-- 1== !N !N1@?1 1?

A 16-@ $= $=-@$ &m &m

×σ = + = + = < σ =

maM 4 dop$ $W

T 1=@/1 !N !N$@?- 1=

A 64 =@6 &m &mτ = = = < τ =

×

• V)"a ri(l) "a ,)o'0 plo,0

8#3ar0j) ) "a3ari3a'j)m 0(ao'im *a3o3ima.Za poj 'oži&):

5 a =@ # 1=mm a 1$mm≥ × = ⇒ =Za poj r)%ra:

Wa =@ # -@mm a /mm≥ × = ⇒ =


129




6

4 =

? =

=

$

=

$ =

/ /

1$

1 $ 1 $

1$

-==

6

1$1$

( ) ( )- - -

$ $ /

*

-= 1@ $ 1$@ 1@ $ =@ / 6=I $ -= 1@ $ /=@4 / 1$@ 1@$ -6@ / $ $ $$/?/@4$ &m

1$ 1$ 1$

× × ×= × × × + × × × + × + + =

-

*

$$/?/@4$Z /6@ // &m

/@1$= =

( ) $*@5 A -= 1@$ 1$@ 1@$ $ $ 1-$ &m= × + × × × =

$*@WA =@/ 6= $ 4 &m= × × =

$*A 1?? &m=

Ko'#rola 'apo'a 0 #a,!i 1:

0 dop$ $

4= 14@-1 ?@-- 1== !N !N' =@=? 1@6? 1@?6 1-@

16-@$= $ -= 1@$ /6@// &m &m

×σ = = × + = + = < σ =

× ×

Ko'#rola 'apo'a 0 #a,!i $:

$

/ 14@-1 -4 !N' 1@6? 1@=

16-@$= 4 /@1$ &m

= × + × =

$II

1=@/1$@4!N>&m

4 ν = =

$ $0 d$ $

!N !N1@ $@4 -@1= 1-@

&m &mσ = + = ≤ σ =

Ko'#rola 'apo'a 0 #a,!i -:$ $

0 d$ $

!N !N=@=? $@4 $@6= 1-@

&m &mσ = + = ≤ σ =

• V)"a ,)o') plo,)

'ož#

A9 ?@-- 1== 4=F N 14@-1 1=?@?6 !N

' A 6? 16-@$=

×= − × = − × =

Sila "a#)"a'ja 0 j)d'om 3ij!0

#

1=?@?6Z -=@$/ !N

$ 1 $ =@?= =

× + ×Sila "a#)"a'ja ') mij) da pr)):

do" Z =@? Fp =@ 1/ 1$-@$!N= × = × = "a II l0,aj op#)r))'ja9$=...1=.


130




ZT-=@$/ !N1$-@$ !N2r)ma #a'dard0 JUS U.E6.1/= #ra'3)r"al'0 il0 pr)0"imaj0 3ij&i 0 %li"i'i 'oži&) 0 !ojojdj)l0j) ila pri#i!a.Za 3ij!) 9$$...1=.

$ $I

# dop

d $@= -@1/

F -$ 1==@/? !N/ /

× π ×

= τ × = =1=@/1

' 1@= /9$=...1=.1==@/?

= = ⇒

Usvojeno: #'&0@(0.

• )o'a plo,a

pld 1 d $=mm= × =

I" !o'#r0!#i3'o( o%li!o3a'ja ) do%ij0 dim)'"ij) ,)o') plo,): Usvojeno: 00%&0%0$8ja,a'ja : Usvojeno: (&%(0%))

6==

4-4

9$=

-$

$

1-==M$=132x636x10

9$=

760x7

IPB700

$

300x209$=

300x20x905

4 6 1

? = = N

$ 1

- =

- =

-$

?=?= 1/=

-==

1 4 =

1$1$ 1$

/ /

2r)j)! $H$

1 =

N 1

/ 1

4 1

1$

1$1$


131




(..3.9eze rešetkastog st,ba (..3.1.Dijagonale rešetkastog st,ba

DmaM 6$@=1 !N V)"a ,3or'o( lima "a poja') *#apo3) j) i"3r*)'a a po d3a 0(ao'a *a3a@a lim j)

pr)#po#a3lj)') d)%lji') #1= mm. Pretpostavka: &%& %80

* *@maM mi'a -mm a =@6 # =@6 -@mm= < = × = × =

* maM * *l ?=mm l 1== a -==mm= < = × =

l l $ a 6/mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× ⋅/@// &m$

$

-*

$ a l @/6 &m

4

′× ×= =

maMD-@1!N

$

=

)9 8 ) -@1 1@/ /@61 !N&m= × = × =

II $*

D !N6@

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' @=6

&m= =

$ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' 1$@1= 1-@

&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: &%& %80


maMD-@1!N

$ =

*a -mm=

l 6/mm′ =

)5 * % $ l #(-= a ?@?/&m= × ′× + = #1=mm

dop$ $

D -@1 !N !N/@=1 1?

A ?@?/ 1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

×

(..3.2.9ertikale rešetkastog st,ba

V /@=? !N


132




Pretpostavka: &%& %)0

* *@maM mi'a -mm a =@6 # =@6 -@mm= < = × = × =

* maM * *l 4=mm l 1== a -==mm= < = × =

l l $ a /mm′ = − × =

A*$⋅a l× -@$/ &m$

$

-*

$ a l $@1&m

4

′× ×= =

maMV$@=/!N

$ =

)9 V ) $@=/ =@? 1@4- !N&m= × = × =

II $*

V !N=@4-

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' =@4

&m

= =

$ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' =@?/ 1-@

&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: &%& %)0


maMV$@=/!N

$ =

*a -mm=

l /mm′ =

)5 * % $ l #(-= a 4@/&m= × ′× + = #1=mm

dop$ $

V $@=/ !N !N=@-1 1?

A 4@/ 1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

×

(..3.3.*arakteristični čvorovi

;vor (

• Prora!un šava

8 $-@ 6? !N=

8

1$4@? !N$ = 9 8 ) 1$4@? 6 ???@$- !N&m= × = × =


133




Pretpostavka: &%& )%&(0

* *@maM mi'a 4mm a =@6 # =@6 1= 6 mm= < = × = × = I" !o'#0!#i3'o( o%li!o3a'ja lima:

* maM * *l $1=mm l 1== a 4==mm= < = × =

l l $ a 1?mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× $-@64 &m$

$

-*

$ a l 6?@/1&m

4

′× ×= =

II $*

8 !N@-/

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' 11@-$

&m= =

$ $II dop *@II$ $!N !N' 1$@$ 1-@&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: &%& )%&(0

;vor

• Prora!un šava

8 16@16 /-=@1 ?4@? !N= − =V

8

/-@/ !N$

=

9 8 ) ?4@? =@/ -@1/ !N&m= × = × = Pretpostavka: &%& %(8

* *@maM mi'a -mm a =@6 # =@6 1 6 mm= < = × = × = I" !o'#0!#i3'o( o%li!o3a'ja lima:

* maM * * *l -1?mm l 1== a -==mm l -1?mm= > = × = ⇒ =

l l $ a -1$mm′ = − × =

A*$⋅a l× 1?@6$ &m$

$

-*

$ a l 6@-/ &m

4

′× ×= =

II $*

8 !N/@4/

A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' =@/

&m= =

$ $II dop *@II

$ $

!N !N' /@44 1-@

&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =


134




Usvojeno: &%& %(8

;vor #,$......il) 0 ja!o mal)@do%i3)'i *a3 i" !o'#r0!#i3'o(o%li!o3a'ja ) i(0r'o "ado3olji#i 'apo') .

;vor )

• Prora!un šava

8 $$?@=4 !N=V

8

11/@=- !N$

=

9 8 ) ?4@? =@/ -@1/ !N&m= × = × =

Pretpostavka: &%& %(8 * *@maM mi'a -mm a =@6 # =@6 1 6 mm= < = × = × = I" !o'#0!#i3'o( o%li!o3a'ja lima:

* maM * * *l -1?mm l 1== a -==mm l -1?mm= > = × = ⇒ =

l l $ a -1$mm′ = − × = A*$⋅a l× 1?@6$ &m$

$

-*

$ a l 6@-/ &m

4

′× ×= =

II $*

8 !N/@4/A &m ν = =

)

$*

9 !N' =@/

&m= =

$ $II dop *@II$ $

!N !N' /@44 1-@

&m &mσ = + ν = < σ =

Usvojeno: &%& %(8


135




(..'.9eza rešetkastog st,ba !1!2 za temelj

S3a!i poja r)*)#!a#o( #0%a j) "(lo%'o olo'j)' 'a "a)%'oj #opi a po)%'oml)ži*'om plo,om i a'!)rima.

(..'.1.Ankeri i anker nosači

Za o%a poja'a *#apa ) ) 0 oi c po#a3i#i po d3a a'!)ra 9-$....4.BA1/@$4

dop $

!N=41 II l0,aj op#)r))'ja $4@

&m+ ⇒ σ =

$

" $

$

!N$4@ BJUS U.E6.1/1 V 1 $@1/ !N &m@$6

!N$ A $ 1/@$4 &m 16 BDIN1??==&m

σ = × = × = < {

• A'!)r !a'ali

Ciri'a a'!)r !a'ala:

a! % $@ d ?@= $@ -$ ?= 14= mm= × + = × + = D0ži'a a'!)r !a'ala:

a! a! a"

$ % $ 14=l l $== -4= mm$ $

× ×= + = + =

D0%i'a a'!)r !a'ala:

maM al -= d -= -$ 4= mm= × = × =

a! a *+ l l 1== 4= ?= 1== 11/= mm= + + = + + =

Usvojaju se 0 #)m)lj'oj #opi d3a a'!)r !a'ala dubine ((#A@pra3o0(ao'o( popr),'o( pr)j)!a: ()A % &)A.

• A'!)r 'oa,i


136




Z-=?@? !N

a! % 14=) @ d @ -$ $4mm

$ $= × + = × + =

"L $ ) l $ $ $== 61=mm= × + = × + =$ $

maM Z ) -=?@? -19 1-==6@1- !N&mL $ 11/ $= × = × =

-1-==6@1- 6$$@4$&m

1?= =

Usvaja se: & &)0 a -M $ -61 6/$&m= × =

ori"o'#al'a ila ) a ,)li,') #op) #0%a 'a #)m)lj pr)'oi dij)lom pr)!o a'!)ra 9-$@adij)lom #r)'j)m i"m)0 l)ži*'i+ plo,a i #)m)lj') poj'i&).

(..'.2.ločica ispod navrtke ankera

Pretpostavljeno b pl <(80

0.p

$@1/ $$9 $1=@6$!Nm

$ $= × =

3.p

$=$@4- $$9 111/@/4!Nm

$ $= × =

( ) ( ) pl

dop 14 9 4 $1=@6$# ?@$=&m % d 1? 1? -@4× ×= = =σ × − × −

pl# $ / =mm= × = Usvojeno: & ≠ (80%#$

V)"a plo,i&) ipod 'a3r#!) a'!)ra ) a !o'"ol'om plo,i&om o#3ar0j) o%o#ra'im 0(ao'im*a3o3ima d)mlji') 6mm.

0 0@dop$ $

1 $@1/ 1 !N !N' 1=@= -1@

$ $ $ =@6 1? &m &mσ = = × × = < σ =

× ×

(..'.3.Fe#išne ploče

Ko'#0!#i3'im o%li!o3a%j)m #op) r)*)#!a#o( #0%a pr)d3i)') 0 d3ij) l)ži*') plo,): ≠ #%0%#-0 ≠ )8%0%#-0

• Površine leišnih plo!a

2o3r*i'a l)ži*') plo,) #r)%a da o%)"%ij)di pr)'o 3)r#i!al') r)a!&ij) poja'o( *#apa 'a


137




%)#o' #)m)lja %)" pr)!ora,)'ja do"3olj)'i+ 'apo'a pri#i!a 0 %)#o'0.

p

$l @1A -/@- /6 141$@1&m= × =

( ) p

% %@dop$ $l @1

V $4$@6/ !N !N=@14 =@4= 9<-=

A 141$@1 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

p

$l @$A -4@? /6 16$@4&m= × =

( ) p

% %@dop$ $l @1

V $@1/ !N !N=@-1 =@4= 9<-=

A 16$@4 &m &mσ = = = < σ =

• ?ebljina leišne plo!e

U !o'"ol'im limo3ima l)ži*') plo,) :$11@6 !N&m9 =@4$= /$@?=

$ &m= × =

-$

lp

1 &m 1 - /@

$ &m= × × =

maM dop II$ $

/$@?= !N !N@1 1?

/@ &m &mσ = = < σ =

• Bonzolni liovi

2ro3j)ra3aj0 ) 0 pr)j)&ima aHa i %H%Bda#o 'a 'a&r#0

Pretpostavka: ≠ 00%(# za oba pojasa re)etkastog stub

2r)j)! aHa

a

1 6 $=$@4- 1@6=!N

$ 1? $= × × =

a

69 1@6= 4?@ !Nm

$

= × =

$aA -= 1@/ /$ &m= × =

$-

a

1@/ -= $1=&m

4

×= =

a $ $

1@6= !N !N=@= 1=@

/$ &m &mτ = = <

a $ $

4?@ !N !N=@-- 1?

$1= &m &mσ = = <


138




2r)j)! %H%

%@mi'

$=$@4- 1=1@-$!N

$= =

%@mi'9 1=1@-$ 14 14$1@1$!Nm= × =

%@maM =@/6 1$@ -/@- $-/@$!N= × × =

%@maM

1$@9 $-/@$ 1/4@6!Nm

$= × =

$ %A -/@- - $ -= 1@/ 1?4@&m= × + × × =

-S $ -= 1@/ 11 $/&m= × × × =$/

c /@/&m1?4@

= =

( )- -

$$ /M

-/@- - $ 1@/ -=I 1=$@ /@/ 6$ 14@ /@/ 141$4@= &m

1$ 1$

× × ×= × + + × − + =

-MG

141$4@= 4=6@14&m

-1@ /@ /= =

−-

MD

141$4@= $=/@=-&m

/@ / 1@ = =

+

%G $

14$1@1$ !N$@46

4=6@14 &mσ = =

% $

$-/@$ !N$@?=

?/ &mτ = =

$0 %G % $

!N- @- &mσ = σ + ×τ =

(..'.'.Gavovi za vez, pojaseva rešetkastog st,ba sa le#išnom pločom i konzolnimlimovima

• Va'j!i pojaKo'"ol'im limo3ima !oji 0 3)"a'i "a poja'i *#ap pr)!o 0(ao'i+ *a3o3a d)%lji') 6mm) pr)0"ima 3rij)d'o# il) :

*F - -= =@6 1$@ 6?6@!N= × × × =2r)o#ali dio 'ormal') il) pri#i!a i" poja'o( *#apa ) pr)0"ima 0(ao'im *a3o3ima 6mm0 3)"i r)%ra i 'oži&a poja'o( *#apa a l)ži*'om plo,o:

maM 1 *V F−F*V1$4$@6/!N@ila ) mož) pri+3a#i#i i amo 0(ao'im *a3o3ima 'a poj0 'oži&a

poja'o( *#apa a !o'"ol'im limo3ima.

• U'0#ra*'ji pojaF*V1$@1/!N@ila ) mož) pri+3a#i#i i amo 0(ao'im *a3o3ima 'a poj0 'oži&a

poja'o( *#apa a !o'"ol'im limo3ima.


139

116@1/?=1/116@

-/-

- = =

- =

c 6




(..'.(. Gavovi za vez, konzolnih limova sa le#išnom pločom B∆6

• V)"a !o'"ol'o( lima a l)ži*'om plo,om #r)%a da pri+3a#i maM. r)a!#i3'o op#)r))'j)

od pri#i!a %)#o'a % $

!N

=@4$= &m

σ = ÷

( )maM % $

!N p =@4$= 11 =@ $$ 1-@4/

&m≈ × + × =

0 maM $

1-@4/ !N' @6/

$ =@6 &mσ = = =

×

•1 p

-M lS -/@- - /@/ =?@-$&m= × × =

$

S 1=1@-$ =?@-$ !N3 1@1/

I / a 141$4@= / =@6 &m

× ×= = =

× × × ×P

$

1=1@-$ !N' 1@/-6@/ $ =@6 &m= =× ×

$ $0 0@dop$ $

!N !N' 3 $@$ 1-@

&m &mσ = + = < σ =

P


140




(..(.9eza krajnjeg jednodjelnog st,ba !3 za temelj

Kom%i'a&ija4: N H14@= !N

9@?- !N T $?@? !N 2o3r*i'a l)ži*') plo,): $A 1-= $ 464= &m= × = 8#por'i mom)'# l)ži*') plo,):

$

-1-= $ 14//44@46 &m

4

×= =

1> $

N 9

A σ = ±

1 $

!N

=@==6 &mσ = −

$ $

!N=@=4

&mσ =

2oložaj ')0#ral') oo3i'):

$

1 $

L 1-= =@=4M 116@-4 &m

=@=4 =@==6

×σ ×= = =

σ + σ +!ra! 0'0#ra*'ji+ ila:

p

a M 1-= 116@-4l $@?? &m

$ - $ -= − = − =

M 116@-4l a & 1-= ?1@?? &m

- -= − − = − − =

i" Σ9A= ⇒Z⋅lN⋅l pH9=⇒ Z 1-@ $1 !N=

• Dim)'"io'ira'j) a'!)ra


141




d@a' !)ra' A Z× ×σ ≥

' → %roj a'!)raA → po3r*i'a pr)j)!a a'!)ra 0 "o'i 'a3oja2r)ma <S U.E6.1/ "a 3ij!) !la) ,3r#o) .4.

Id $

!N1-@6

&mσ = II

d $

!N1@4

&mσ =

$

d@možda'i!a

Z 1-@$1A /@-- &m

' $ 1@4= = =

×σ ×

( )$

$=@ / d/@-- &m d -- mm

/

× ×π> ⇒ =

U3oj)'i a'!)r 3ij&i: $9-/Ml....4 $A @=6 &m=

II" d$ $

1 Z 1 1-@ $1 !N !N6@/ 1@4

$ A $ @=6 &m &m

σ = × = × = < σ =

\j)lo!0p'a ila "a#)"a'ja pr)!o a'!)r 3ija!a ) pr)'oi 'a a'!)r 'oa,).a4 mm ∆ *a3a

II0@dop

Z/ a l

$× × ×σ ≥

* II0@dop

Z 1 1-@$1 1l $@= &m

$ / a $ / =@4 1-@= × = × =

× ×σ × × 03oj)'o l*? &m

2ro3j)ra 'apo'a 0 3aro3imaII

II 0@dop$ $

1-@$1 1 !N !N

-@$ 1-@$ / =@4 ? &m &m ν = × = < σ =× ×

• A'!)r !a'ali

l" → ra"ma! a'!)r 3ija!a

"l $= &m 6@ d 6@ -@$ $/ &m= < × = × =I"3odi ) "aj)d'i,!i a'!)r !a'al.Ciri'a a'!)r !a'ala:

a! % $@ d ?@= $@ -$ ?= 14= mm= × + = × + = D0ži'a a'!)r !a'ala:


142




a! a! a"

$ % $ 14=l l $== -4= mm

$ $

× ×= + = + =

D0%i'a a'!)r !a'ala:

maM al -= d -= -$ 4= mm= × = × =

a! a *+ l l 1== 4= ?= 1== 11/= mm

= + + = + + =Usvojaju se 0 #)m)lj'oj #opi d3a a'!)r !a'ala dubine ((#A@pra3o0(ao'o( popr),'o(

pr)j)!a: ()A % )A.

• A'!)r 'oa,i

Z1-@$1 !N

a! % 14=) @ d @ -$ $4mm

$ $= × + = × + =

"L $ ) l $ $ $== 61=mm= × + = × + =$ $

maM

Z ) 1-@$1 $$@9 1-1@4/ !N&m

L $ 61 $= × = × =

-1-1@4/ 6@-1&m

1?= =

Usvaja se: & )$ a -M $ 16@6 -@/&m= × =

dop$ $

9 1-1@4/ !N !N-@6$ 1?

-@/ &m &mσ = = = < σ =


143




• 2rij)'o +ori"o'#al') il) 'a #)m)lj

maM$?@? !N

ori"o'#al'a ila a ,)li,') #op) #0%a pr)'oi ) 'a #)m)lj 3)im dij)lom pr)!o a'!)r 3ija!a/9-$....4 a ma'ji dio #r)'j)m i"m)0 l)ži*') plo,) i #)m)lj') poj'i&). 2r)#po#a3lja ) da) &j)lo!0p'a ila pr)'oi pr)!o a'!)r 3ija!a.

maMdop$ $ $ $

1 $?@? 1 !N !N=@= $1

d -@$/ / &m &m/ /

τ = × = × = < τ =×π ×π

maMdop$ $

1p

1 $?@? 1 !N !N=@4/ -=@

/ # / -@$ -@ &m &mσ = × = × = < σ =

×

" $

1 Z 1 1-@ $1 !N

/@6/$ A $ 1/@$ &mσ = × = × =

$ $ $ $0 " $

!N$ /@6/ $ =@ /@=

&mσ = σ + ×τ = + × =

• V)"a #0%a a l)ži*'om plo,om

G)om)#rij!) !ara!#)ri#i!) #0%a

$A -=4 &m=

$

WA 11/ &m= $

5 A 1$ &m=

/0! I $4== &m=

Rapodj)la ila: N H14@= !N 9@?- !N T $?@? !N

WW

A 11/ N N 14@= 6-@- !N

A -=4= × = × =

5 N 14@= 6-@- 1$-@ !N= − =

WW

I -4//@=9 9 @?- ?@/? !Nm

I $4=== × = × =

5 9 @?- ?@/? 1@-/ !Nm= − = 5 $?@? !N

• Dim)'"io'ira'j) 0(ao'i+ *a3o3a !oji pajaj0 r)%ro #0%a l)ži*'om plo,om

2r)#po#a3ljaj0 ) *a3o3i a4 mm@ d0ži'om r)%ra

$

*@WA $ =@4 4/@? 66@64 &m= × × =


144




$-

*@W

$ =@ 4 4/@? ?-@?1&m

4

× ×= =

Kompo')'#al'i 'apo'i 0 0(ao'im *a3o3ima r)%ra:

II $

*

$?@? !N=@-6

A 66@64 &m

ν = = =

W W

$*W *W

N 9 6-@- ?@/? 1== !N' =@

A 66@64 ?-@?1 &m

×= + = × =

$ $ *0 d$ $

!N !N=@-6 =@ 1@=$ 1-@

&m &mσ = + = < σ =

• Dim)'"io'ira'j) 0(ao'i+ *a3o3a !oji pajaj0 poja)3) #0%a a !o'"ol'im limo3ima

03oj)'o: ∆ ?mm⋅-== 0!0p'o / *a3a 'a j)d'oj 'oži&i pa j) j)da' *a3 op#)r))' ilom N.

( ) ( )

5 5 *

W

N 9 1$-@ 1@-/ 1== N -/@-$ !N

? / + # ? / 4/@? -@$

×= + = + =

× + × +

II $

-/@-$ !N1@/-

=@? -= &m ν = =

×

*0 II d$ $

!N !N1@/- 1-@

&m &mσ = ν = < σ =

• L)ži*'a plo,a

2lo,0 1 #r)#iramo !ao !o'"ol0. 2rora,0'a3amo j) !ao !o'"ol'i 'oa, *iri') 1&m.

$1

1 %1 %1

) D9 @ @

a$ %/

1 - 1 -D 9 N B+ a @?- 14@= 1@=/6 1@- /=@=?!N

/ ? / ?

= σ σ =×

= × + × − × = × + × − × = ÷

%1 $

D /=@=? !N=@=$-

a 1-= &m % $/ /

σ = = =× ×


145




$ $1

1 %1

) @ !N&m9 =@=$- 1@=/

$ $ &m= σ = × =

2lo,0 $ #r)#iramo !ao lo%od'o olo'j)'0 'a #ri #ra') i lo%od'0 'a ,)#3r#oj #ra'i

c

M

l -==$@1 $ ! =@1--

l 1/$@= = > ⇒ =

$ $c c %1

!N&mm ! l =@1-- 1/@$ =@=$- =@4$1

&m= × ×σ = × × =

maM

!N&m9 1@=/

&m=

1 pl II

dop

4 9 4 1@=/# =@4= &m

1?

× ×≥ ≥ ≥

σ

$ $ $1@=/ !N !N$@66 1?1@ &m &m4

σ = = <

Usvojeno: ≠ (00%$&0%($

• Ko'"ol'i limo3i

2r)j),') il) 0 pr)j)!0 αHα od il) Z 1-@$1 !N Zα−α = =

9 1-@$1 =@= 1$@14 !Nmα−α = × =

2r)j),') il) 0 pr)j)!0 βHβ od il) Z

pl l %1 % % $ -= =@=$- -@?? !Nβ−β = × ×σ × = × × =

pl pl l %$

% -=9 % % -= $ =@=$- -?@$!N

$ $β−β = × ×σ × = × × × =

9j)roda3a' pr)j)! j) βHβ$A - 1@ $= $ - 14 &m= × × + × =

-

S - 1@ 1 1= $ - 1@ //1&mγ− γ = × × × − × × =

M

S) $@$ &m

Aγ− γ = =

- -/1@ $= $ -

I - 1$/4? &m- -γ− γ × ×

= × + =

$ $ /M MI I A) 1$/4? 14 $@$ 11/6@6 &mγ− γ = − = − × =

dop$ $W

-@?? !N !N=@/= 1=

A = &m &mβ−β

α−ατ = = = < τ =


146




( ) ( )(r M dop$ $

M

9 -?@$ !N !N+ ) $= $@$ =@?- 1?

I 11/6@6 &m &mβ−β

α−ασ = × − = × − = < σ

( )(dop$ $

-?@$ !N !N-@= $@$ =@$/ 1?

11/6@6 &m &mβ−βσ = × + = < σ =

$ $0 d$ $!N !N=@?- - =@$/ =@- 1?

&m &mσ = + × = < σ =

Usvojeno: %&0%($%00

• Ko'#rola 'apo'a 0 *a3o3ima !oji pajaj0 !o'"ol') limo3) a l)ži*'om plo,om

Pretpostavlj a ) d)%lji'a *a3o3a a<) .

#a#i,!i mom)'a# l)ži*') plo,) a o%"irom 'a MHM o0.

( ) p -

Mpl pl pl M

dS % d l $ - $@$ 1@ ? &m

$

= × × − = × × + = ÷

Mpl

II $M

S -@?? ? !N=@1

I 4 a 11/6@6 4 =@4 &mβ × ×

ν = =× × × ×

$

-?@$ !N' /@?

4 =@4 -= &m= =

× ×

$ $ *0 d$ $

!N !N=@1 /@? 1-@

&m &mσ = + = < σ =

Usvojeno: ) )%00

• 2lo,i&a ipod 'a3r#!a a'!)raZa 03oj)'i 9-$ pr)d3ia ) r0pa -4 0 plo,i&i ipod 'a3r#!) a'!)ra.

Pretpostavka : b pl <&00 .

9aM. mom)'a# a3ija'ja 0 plo,i&i :( ) ( )1 @ 1@ =@61-@$19 14@4 !N&m

$ 1/@$

− − × −= × =

( ) ( )1

pl IIdop 1

4 9 4 14@4# 1@6? &m

% d 1? $= -@4

× ×≥ ≥ ≥

σ − × −

Usvojeno: &≠(80%($

pl# $ 1 -= mm= × =


147




(...9eza Easadnog st,ba za temelj

Kom%i'a&ija/: N H$@1 !N T1?@1? !N

/ =

1 / =

$ $ =

$ N =

$$=

-

-

-

/ =

-

1=1=

1$= 1$=

$/=

V)"a #0%a "a l)ži*'0 plo,0 j) o#3ar)'a a ugaoni šavovia #.8 6=@6&m=

$*C

A a l a 8 =@/ 6=@6 $?@$? &m= × = × = × =∑ ∑

$*

- N =@6 $@1 !N/' =@46A $?@$? &m

× ×= = =

∑$

*r

1?@1? !N3 1@4?

A 1=@? &m= = =

P

$ $

0 $ $

!N !N

=@46 1@4? 1@?1 1$&m &mσ = + = <

• L)ži*'a plo,a Pretpostavka: ≠&0%($%&#0

$

plA $ $/ 44&m= × =

% $ $ pl

N $@1 !N !N=@=-4 =@4

A $ $/ &m &mσ = = = <

×

2oma#ra) )j)d'a #ra'a plo,): Ml 6@ &m=

c

=@4l $$ $ $1@// &m

$= − × =

M

c

l=@- =@

l = <

9om)'a# a3ija'ja l)ži*') plo,) j)di'i,') *iri'):

$ $

c %

1 % 1 $ !N&m9 =@=-4 -@6?

$ $ $ $ &m = × ×σ = × × = ÷ ÷

$ -lp

lp# &m =@-64 &m

= =


148




pl $ $ pl

9 -@6? !N !N1=@=? 1?

=@-6 &m &mσ = = = <

U3oj)'o: ≠&0%($%&#0

• A'!)r 3ij&iZa a'!)r 3ij!) 0 usvojeni &'()...#.)

$1@ 4 -@ /1F 16 -/@$ !N

/τ×

= × =

%F 1@4 1@ -=@ 6-@$ !Nσ = × × =D3a a'!)r 3ij!a 914.../.4. 'o):

F $ -/@$ 4?@/ !N T 1?@1? !Nτ = × = > =∑A dio il) T ) pr)'oi i o#porom #r)'ja ,)li,') plo,) po %)#o'0 ipod plo,).


149




(.: .Dimenzionisanje temelja glavnog st,ba

Kom%i'a&ija6: NH44$@=/ !NT=@1/ !N9H1$4@1? !Nm

%M/@$ m %c$@1 m+#1@$ m)M$@1H=@?H=@=@/ m

#)m)ljaG /@$ $@1 1@$ $ $4/@4 !N= × × × =U#i&aj 'a #)m)lj:

T9 9 T + 1$4@1? =@1/ =@ 1$4@-- !Nm= + × = + × =

T N N G 44$@=/ $4/@4 $4@4/ !N= + = + = TT=@1/ !N

• Napo'i pri#i!a 0 #l0 0 #a'j0 )!ploa#a&ij):

1 dop$ $

!N !N1$@$ $==

&m &mσ = < σ =

$ dop$ $

!N !N?/@-6 $==

&m &mσ = < σ =

• Sil) 0 #a'j0 )Mploa#a&ij): N(11?@1? !N N p/-@?4 !N9(@?/ !Nm 9 p114@-/!Nm

T($@6$ !N T p H$@?4!N


150




• 2r)j),') il) 0 (ra'i,'om #a'j0 'oi3o#i:

T0 ( p N 1@4 N 1@? N 114?@=/!N= × + × =

( )T0 ( p ( p #9 1@4 9 1@? 9 1@4 T 1@? T + $$/@$!Nm= × + × + × + × × =

T0 S09 9=

Ra,0'!i 'apo'i pri#i!a 0 #a'j0 (ra'i,') 'oi3o#i:

T0 T0ld0 $

T T

N 9 114?@=/ $$/@ $ p 1-$@/- -4@-1

/@$ $@1A /@$ $@1

4

= ± = ± = ±××

d0 p 14?@6/ !Nm= l0 p 4@1$ !Nm=

• 9om)'#i a3ija'ja$

c Md d0 Md l0 MdM0 d0

M M

% a p a p a9 - p

4 % %

× × ×= × × − + ÷

$$@1 1@4 14?@6/ 1@4 4@1$ 1@4

B- 14?@6/ /$?@6?!Nm4 /@$ /@$

× × ×= × − + =

( )0 c cc0

9 B% & $$/@$ $@1 19 -=@?$!Nm? ?

× − × −= = =

9j)roda3'a popr),'a ila 0 #a'j0 )!ploa#a&ij) "a do!a" i(0r'o#i pro#i3 pro%ija'ja.$-

M M MR - $

M M M M

9 ) -9) 1$) N 1 1$

% % N % N %

= × − + − × + ÷×

- $

- -

1$ =@/ 1$4@- =@/=@/ - 1$4@-44$@=/ 1 1$ 4$@?$!N

/@$ /@ $ 44$@=/ /@$ 44$@=/ /@$

× × ×= × − + − × + = ÷× ×

R R

=@ 4$-@/!N′= × =


151




• Dim)'"io'ira'j) 'a a3ija'j)

Arma#0ra 0 M pra&0

+M M aM0

a $@1

! + 11 ?@= ! $@49 /$?@6?= × = × = ⇒ = B9<$=

$aM

$@4 /$?@6?A @/ &m

11

×= =

Usvojeno: φ ()C&0A

$

#3 a

&mA 1=@=

m=

′

Arma#0ra 0 c pra&0

+c c ac0

a /@$

! + 11- /1@61 ! $@$9 -=@?$= × = × = ⇒ =$

aM

$@$ -=@?$A =@4? &m

11-

×= =

Usvojeno: φ 8C&0A

$

#3 a

&mA $@1

m=

′

• Do!a" i(0r'o#i pro#i3 pro%ija'ja

M c

+ ++ 11/ &m

$

+= =

d 1@1- 1?= 1== 11@41&m= × × =

R

1d d $ + 11@41 11/ $4@41&m

$= + × × = + =

R $

4$@?$ N

=@==6$4@41 11/ mmτ = =π× ×

Dop0*#)'i mi,0i 'apo'i:

dop R1 a a

$1@-

-τ = ×α × × τ

RA /==>== αa1@-=

aM ac $amam

!

A AA@ A @1&m

+ d $

+µ = = =

×

( )

@1 1===@=1

11/ 11@ 41 $ 11/

×µ = =

× + ×


152




$dop R1

$1@- 1@- =@4 =@=1 =@=6 N >mm

-τ = × × × × =

R dop R1$ $

N N=@==6 =@=6

mm mmτ = < τ = ⇒

Deelj se oe izvesti bez posebne arature protiv probijanja.

• Ko'#rola #a%il'o#i pro#i3 pr)3r#a'ja

9T1$4@$ !Nm

( ) ( )MA ( p # ( p ( p #

%9 N N G 9 9 N N +

$= + + × − − − + ×

A

/@$9 $4@4/ 1$4@-- =@1/ 1@$ 1?1@//!Nm

$= × − − × =

Ko)5i&ij)'# i(0r'o#i pro#i3 pr)3r#a'ja

AR

T

9 1?1@//1/@/$ 1@

9 1$4@1?

γ = = = >> ⇒ Deelj je siguran na prevrtanje.

• Ko'#rola #a%il'o#i 'a !li"a'j)

ϕ-=o B0(ao 0'0#ra*'j)( #r)'ja #la#(-= =@ 66ρ = = B!o)5i&ij)'# #r)'ja

TR

T

N $4@4/ =@66-?1 1@

=@1/

×ρ ×γ = = = > > ⇒ Deelj je siguran na klizanje.

$.(0.?ienzionisanje teelja krajnjeg jednodjelnog stuba Kom%i'a&ija4: N H14@ !N 9 @?- !Nm T$?@? !N

%M-@4 m %c1@? m +#1@$ m )M1@?H=@4H=@6=@ m


153




#)m)ljaG -@4 1@? 1@ $ $ 1/@/ !N= × × × =U#i&aj 'a #)m)lj:

T9 9 T + @?- $?@? 1@$ /@41 !Nm= + × = + × =

T N N G 14@ 1/@/ -1@- !N= + = + = TT$?@? !N


T T1> $ $

T T

N 9 -1@- /@414=@-? $/@--

-@ 4 1@?A -@4 1@?4

σ = ± = ± = ±××

1 dop$ $

!N !N?/@61 $==

&m &mσ = < σ =

$ dop$ $!N !N-4@= $==&m &m

σ = < σ =

• Sil) 0 #a'j0 )Mploa#a&ij): N(6@// !N N p116@/ !N9(=@=!Nm 9 p@6/ !NmT(@$ !N T p $-@6-!N



154




T0 ( p N 1@4 N 1@? N --?@?!N= × + × =

( )T0 ( p ( p #9 1@4 9 1@? 9 1@4 T 1@? T + 14@=1!Nm

= × + × + × + × × =T0 S09 9=

Ra,0'!i 'apo'i pri#i!a 0 #a'j0 (ra'i,') 'oi3o#i:

T0 T0ld0 $

T T

N 9 --?@ ? 14@ =1 p $@$ /-@/6

-@4 1@?A -@4 1@?4

= ± = ± = ±××

d0 p @6$ !Nm= l0 p ?@6? !Nm=

• 9om)'#i a3ija'ja$


M M

% a p a p a9 - p

4 % %

× × ×= × × − + ÷

$1@? 1@4 @6$ 1@4 ?@6? 1@4

B- @6$ 1=@/-!Nm4 -@4 /@$

× × ×= × − + =

( )0 c cc0

9 B% & 14@ =1 1@ ? =@ /9 $4@4$!Nm

? ?

× − × −= = =

9j)roda3'a popr),'a ila 0 #a'j0 )!ploa#a&ij) "a do!a" i(0r'o#i pro#i3 pro%ija'ja.$-

M M MR - $

M M M M

9 ) -9) 1$) N 1 1$

% % N % N %

= × − + − × + ÷×

- $

- -

1$ =@ /@41 =@=@ - /@4114@ 1 1$ $/?@4/!N

-@4 -@4 14@ -@4 14@ -@4

× × ×= × − + − × + = ÷× ×

R R =@ $$-@66 !N′= × =


Arma#0ra 0 M pra&0

+M M aM0

a 1@?! + 11 11@1? ! $@/

9 1=@/-= × = × = ⇒ = B9<$=

$aM

$@/ 1=@/-A /@$1&m

11

×= =

Usvojeno: φ (&C&0A

$

#3 a

&mA @4

m=

′

Arma#0ra 0 c pra&0


155




+c c ac0

a -@4! + 11- /1@ ! $@$

9 $4@4$= × = × = ⇒ =

$aM

$@$ $4@4$A =@4= &m

11-

×= =

Usvojeno: φ )C&0A

$

#3 a

&mA 1@/1

m=

′


M c

+ ++ 11/ &m

$

+= =

d 1@1- 1/= / ?@$ &m= × × =

R

1d d $ + ?@$ 11/ $1$@$ &m

$= + × × = + =

R $

$/?@4/ N=@==-

$1$@$ 11/ mmτ = =

π× ×


dop R1 a a

$1@-

-τ = ×α × × τ

RA /==>== αa1@-=aM ac $am

am !

A AA@ A -@- &m

+ d $

+µ = = =

×

( )

-@- 1===@==

11/ ?@$ $ 11/

×µ = =

× + ×

$dop R1

$1@- 1@- =@4 =@== =@=4 N >mm

-τ = × × × × =

R dop R1$ $

N N=@==- =@=4

mm mmτ = < τ = ⇒


• Ko'#rola #a%il'o#i pro#i3 pr)3r#a'ja

9T/@41 !Nm


156




( ) ( )MA ( p # ( p ( p #

%9 N N G 9 9 N N +

$= + + × − − − + ×

A

-@49 -1@- @?- $?@? 1@$ 4=@6-!Nm

$= × − − × =

Ko)5i&ij)'# i(0r'o#i pro#i3 pr)3r#a'ja

AR

T

9 4=@6-4@// 1@

9 /@41γ = = = >> ⇒ Deelj je siguran na prevrtanje.

• Ko'#rola #a%il'o#i 'a !li"a'j)

ϕ-=o B0(ao 0'0#ra*'j)( #r)'ja #la#(-= =@ 66ρ = = B!o)5i&ij)'# #r)'ja

TR T

N -1@- =@66 6@?= 1@ $?@?×ρ ×γ = = = > > ⇒ Deelj je siguran na klizanje.

$.((.?ienzionisanje teelja Easadnog stuba Kom%i'a&ija/: N H$@1 !N T11@-? !N

#)m)ljaG =@6 1@- 1 $ $$@6 !N= × × × =

( )'G =@6 1@- 1 =@$ =@$/ $= 16@$$!N= × × − × × =

• U#i&aji 'a #)m)lj


157




( ) ( )T ( p #9 + =@4 1=@?$ =@6 6@4!Nm= + × = + × =

T G 2 T N N N N G G $/@64 =@/- $$@6 16@$$ 4@14!N= + + + = + + + =

T G 2 =@4 1=@?$ 11@-?!N= + = + =


T T

1> $ $T T

N 9 4@14 6@4=@1$ $?@$4

1@- 1A 1 1@-

4

σ = ± = ± = ±××

1 $

!N6?@-?

&mσ =

$ $

!N

$1@?4 &mσ =


T0 ( p N 1@4 N 1@? N 4?@1!N= × + × =

( )T0 ( p #9 1@4 T 1@? T + 1/@$4!Nm= × + × × =

T0 S09 9= Ra,0'!i 'apo'i pri#i!a 0 #a'j0 (ra'i,') 'oi3o#i:

T0 T0

ld0 $T T

N 9 4?@1 1/@ $4 p $@-? =@4$1@- 1A 1@- 1

4

= ± = ± = ±××

d0 p 1=- !Nm= l0 p 1@64 !Nm=

• 9om)'#i a3ija'ja

$


M M

% a p a p a9 - p

4 % %

× × ×= × × − + ÷

$1 =@4$ 1=- =@4$ 1@64 =@4$

B- 1=- 14@6=!Nm4 1@- 1@-

× × ×= × − + =

( )0 c c

c0

9 B% & 1/@$4 1 =@-19 1@$-!Nm

? ?

× − × −= = =

9j)roda3'a popr),'a ila 0 #a'j0 )!ploa#a&ij) "a do!a" i(0r'o#i pro#i3 pro%ija'ja:

$!

R G 2 !

d N N @d 1@1- $4 -1 4- @=?&m

/′ π×

= + −σ × = × × + =

$

$$@6 !N=@1$ -$@4$1@- 1 m′σ = − =×


158




$ $!

R G 2 !

d -@1/ =@ N N @d $@1 16@$$ -$@4$ 1@-=!N

/ /′ π× ×

= + − σ × = + − × =


Arma#0ra 0 M pra&0

+M M aM0

a 1! + 4 1@= ! $@$

9 14@6== × = × = ⇒ = B9<$=

$aM

$@$ 14@6=A =@4/ &m

4

×= =

Usvojeno: φ )C&0A

$

#3 a

&mA 1@ /1

m=

′

Arma#0ra 0 c pra&0

+c c ac0

a 1@-! + 41 4$@61 ! $@$

9 1@$-= × = × = ⇒ =

$aM

$@$ 1@$-A =@= &m

41

×= =

Usvojeno: φ )C&0A

$

#3 a

&mA 1@/1

m=

′


M c

+ ++ 4- &m

$

+= =

d 1@1- $4 -1 -$@=? &m= × × =

R

1d d $ + @=? &m

$

= + × × =

R $

1@-= !N=@==$

@=? -$@=? &mτ = =

π× ×


dop R1 a a

$1@-

-τ = ×α × × τ

RA /==>== αa1@-=

aM ac $am

am !

A AA@ A 1@/1&m

+ d $

+µ = = =

×


159




( )

1@/1 1===@=1/

4- -$@=? $ 4-

×µ = =

× + ×

dop R1 $

$ !N1@- 1@- =@4 =@=1/ =@=?

- &mτ = × × × × =

R dop R1$ $!N !N=@==- =@=?&m &mτ = < τ = ⇒


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