diptixi diasporameufeanania.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/38.-diptixi...eklesias tvlida (qartuli...

1

diptixi da diaspora

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos adgili

msoflio marTlmadideblur diptixSi

da diasporas sakiTxebi

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

Tbilisi 2009

2

avtokefaluri eklesiis adgili diptixSi (diptiqSi) gamox-

atavs sulier da kanonikur mTlianobas adgilobriv marTlma-

didebel eklesiaTa Soris. is asaxavs aseve saeklesio Rirsebas.

saqarTvelos wmida eklesia msoflios pirvel eklesiaTa

Soris moixseneba, radganac daarsebulia TviT mociqulebis mier.

mas eWira kidec sapatio adgili msoflio eklesiaTa Soris, ma-

gram ruseTis saimperatoro karis mier Cveni eklesiis avtoke-

faliis gauqmebam misi adgili msoflio marTlmdidebel ekle-

siaTa Soris jerjerobiT gadauWrel sakiTxad aqcia.

wignSi motanilia mravali wyaros monacemi da aseve uxvi

dokumrnturi masala uZvelesi xanidanve saqarTvelos eklesi-

is adgilis Sesaxeb msoflio marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris.

amJamad saqarTvelos eklesiis mravali wevri cxovrobs ucx-

oeTSi. viTarca keTili mwyemsi movalea moiZios erTaderTi

dakarguli cxovari da daubrunos Tavis samwysos, msgavsadve,

saqarTvelos eklesiis mamebi movaleni arian mixedon ucxoeT-

Si qarTul diasporas, raTa maT SeinarCunon wmida marTlma-

didebeli sarwmunoeba, erovnuli identoba da kvlav darCnen

wevrebad saqarTvelos wmida marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa.

wignSi ganxilulia diasporas mimarT saerTaSoriso saek-

lesio kanonebi da Sesabamisi sakiTxebi.

redaqtori Tamar revaziSvili

© mitropoliti anania jafariZe

3

diptixis sakiTxebi

4

diptixis Sesaxeb

diptixi aris marTlmadidebelTa RvTismsaxurebis

dros adgilobriv eklesiaTa meTaurebis moxsenebis rig-

iToba, anu msoflios marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTau-

rebis moxsenebis rigi. is warmoadgens gamoxatvas

sulieri da kanonikuri erTobisa adgilobriv marTl-

madidebel eklesiaTa Soris. marTalia, msoflio mar-

Tlmadidebel eklesias ar gaaCnia erTiani administraci-

uli centri, magram yoveli damoukidebeli, avtoke-

faluri adgilobrivi eklesiis meTauri da misi diakoni

RvTismsaxurebis dros moixsenebs sxva adgilobrivi ek-

lesiebis meTaurebs, amiT is gamoxatavs, rom yvela mar-

Tlmadidebeli eklesia, erovnebisagan damoukideblad,

Seadgens erT, wmida, kaTolike da samociqulo eklesias.

yvela adgilobrivi eklesia erTmaneTis mimarT Tana-

baria da Tanaswori. ar arsebobs pirvelxarisxovani da

meorexarisxovani, upiratesi da umciresi eklesia.

mravalricxovneba, an teritoriis sidide ar aniWebs up-

iratesobas romelime eklesias meore mcire eklesiis

winaSe. mamaTa kanonebis Tanaxmad, yoveli eklesiis

Tavisufleba mopovebulia ufal ieso qristes sisxliT.

III msoflio kreba me-8 kanonSi werda, rom yoveli ek-

lesiis damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba `TvisiTa sisx-

liTa moguaniWa Cuen ufalman Cuenman iesu qristeman, gan-

maTavisuflebelman yovelTa kacTaman~ (didi sjulis kano-

ni, 1975, gv. 267). RvTis sityvis Tanaxmad, qristes eklesia-

Si ar aris arc elini, arc iudeveli, arc barbarosi, arc

skviTi. mociqulTa 34-e kanoni yvela eTnikuri olqis

5

eklesias TavisTavadobas aniWebs. is ar aZlevs romelime

eklesias upiratesobas, amitomac Tanamedrove diptixSi

eklesiaTa meTaurebis moxseniebis dros, erTi eklesiis

meTauris sxva eklesiis meTauris win Tu ukan dayeneba,

garkveuli TvalsazrisiT erTisaTvis `upiratesobis~

miniWeba meoresTan SedarebiT, ar Seesabameba qristiano-

bis arss, Tumca Tavisi tradicia aqvs. istoria naTely-

ofs da mociqulTa 34-e kanoni uCvenebs, rom im diptixis

winasaxe, romelsac Cven dResdReobiT viyenebT, Camoy-

alibda qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiare-

bis Semdeg da ar arsebobda qristianobis pirvel sauku-

neebSi (imperatorTa gaqristianebamde). diptixi arsebob-

da mxolod aRmosavleT romis imperiis SigniT myofi

eklesiebis saWiroebisaTvis. diptixi bizantiur eklesiaSi

ixmareboda. bizantiis gareT, dasavleT romis imperiis

eklesiaSi ki RvTismsaxurebis dros ar ixmareboda dip-

tixi. iberiis saxelmwifo arsebobda bizantiisagan

damoukideblad, amitom qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis

meTauri bizantiur diptixebSi Setanili ar yofila. dip-

tixi sWirdebodaT bizantiis imperiis SigniT, imperiaSi

Semaval eklesiebs TavianTi saWiroebisaTvis. diptixi iyo

gansazRvruli wesrigi kaTedrebis meTaurebis rangebis

mixedviT ganawilebisas. diptixi sazRvravda bizantiis

saxelmwifoSi eklesiaTa Soris urTierT damokidebule-

bas. diptixis Seqmna moiTxova imperiis erTianobisa da

dauSlelobis saWiroebam, raTa imperiis farglebSi myof

erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel eklesiaTa Soris, aseve

episkoposTa Soris ar dawyebuliyo dausrulebeli ka-

maTi, winaaRmdegoba eklesiaTa da kaTedraTa Rirsebisa

da pativis xarisxis gansazRvrisas. diptixis Seqmnis Sem-

6

degac ki erTi eklesiis, an kaTedris meTauris mier me-

oris dawyevlis an anaTemaze gadacemis dros erTi ek-

lesia meore eklesias amoSlida xolme Tavisi diptixi-

dan. imperiaSi moTavsebul avtokefalur eklesiaTa da

kaTedraTa meTaurebs saxelmwifoSi eWiraT didi admin-

istraciuli Tanamdebobebi. diptixis Seqmna upirvele-

sad am eklesiaTa surviliT iyo gamowveuli, raTa gane-

sazRvraT pativis xarisxi eklesiaTa meTaur mRvdelmTa-

varTa Soris, Tu romeli eklesiis meTauri, anu saxelm-

wifos moxele idga pativiT sxva mRvdelmTavar-moxeleze

maRla. amitomac, radganac iberiis eklesiis meTauri ar

iyo da arc SeiZleboda yofiliyo bizantiis saxelmwifos

moxele. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, iberiis eklesiis me-

Tauris imperiaSi Semaval sxva mRvdelmTavrebTan pa-

tivis gansazRvris araviTari saWiroeba ar arsebobda.

amitomac iberiis eklesia bizantiur diptixSi ar Sedioda.

uZveles dros sxvadasxva eklesiebs sxvadasxva dip-

tixebi hqondaT. diptixis Sedgenas gansakuTrebuli yura-

dReba mieqca IV saukunis Semdeg konstantinopolis

episkoposis adgilis gansazRvrisas. trulis krebaze gan-

isazRvra ukve V-VI saukuneebSi arsebuli urTierTdamok-

idebuleba imperiis eklesiaTa Soris _ pirveli iyo

romis saydari, meore _ kostantinopolisa, mesame _

aleqsandriisa, meoTxe _ antioqiisa, mexuTe _ ierusal-

imisa (didi sjulis kanoni, 1975 w., gv. 386). am xuTi patriar-

qisagan damoukidebeli iyo kviprosis eklesia.

pirvel aTaswleulSi, saeklesio wesebis Tanaxmad, ro-

mis papi yovelTvis pirveli iyo yvela mRvdelmTavarTa

Soris (igulisxmeba VI s-dan). qalkedonis krebis 28-e kano-

nis Tanaxmad, konstantinopolis episkoposs meore adg-

7

ili mieniWa romis papis Semdeg, rac gaimeora trulis

krebam 36-e kanonSi (iqve, gv. 386). qarTuli eklesiis dip-

tixi eyrdnoboda msoflio krebaTa kanonebs, amitomac

pirvel adgilze romis saydars ayenebda XIII saukunemdec

ki, Tumca, cxadia, marTlmadideblobis centrad ̀ berZnul~

eklesias Tvlida (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 86).

VI-VII saukuneebSi diptixebi iqcnen oficialur do-

kumentebad romis imperiis mTavari qalaqebis episkopos-

Ta Soris upiratesobis gansazRvrisas. iberiis avtoke-

faluri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Semavali qalaqebi ar

Sediodnen imperiaSi, amitomac iberiis qalaqTa episko-

posebi ar iyvnen diptixSi Seyvanilni VII saukunemde. VII

saukunis dasawyisSi herakle keisarma qvemo iberiis, anu

dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira miwebi CamoarTva

iberiis saxelmwifos da SeuerTa bizantiis imperias. amis

Semdeg VII saukuneSi saqarTvelos dapyrobili SavizRvispira

qalaqebis fasisisa da petronis episkoposebi Seyvanil

iqnen bizantiur diptixSi. V trulis krebis kanonebs xels

aweren fasisisa da petronis episkoposebi _ `Teodore

uRirsman episkoposman fasoisaman sofelsa Sina megrel-

Tasa ganvasazRvren da warvweren~... (didi sjuliskanoni,

gv. 407) aseve xels awers _ `ioane uRirsman episkoposman

qalaqisa petronisaman queyanasagan megrelTaisa gan-

vasazRvre da warvwere~ (iqve, gv. 418).

mTawmideli mamebi da Zveli qarTveli saeklesio is-

torikosebi ̀ samegrelos~ uwodebdnen im vrcel qarTul

miwa-wyals, romelic trapezuntis regionSi mdebareob-

da, mas erqva aseve ̀ sofeli megrelTa~, sadac Tavdapirve-

lad iqadaga andria pirvelwodebulma. am regionSi mde-

bareobda fasisisa da petronis kaTedrebi.

8

aRsaniSnavia, rom trulis krebis kanonebs xels ar

awers, amJamad imperiis sazRvrebs gareT mdebare iberi-

is dedaqalaqis episkoposi da arc iberiis eklesiis war-

momadgeneli, xolo iberiis is aRniSnuli qalaqebis

episkoposebi ki, romelnic bizantiis imperiaSi Sediod-

nen, am krebis kanonebs xels aweren.

ierusalimeli patriarqebi dosiTeosi da xrisanfi

weren _ lazikis eparqiaSi Semavali trapezuntTan mde-

bare fasisisa samitropolitos konstantinopolis sapa-

triarqos diptixSi eWira 27-e adgili, xolo trulis

krebas lazebis qveynidan (e.i. qvemo iberiidan) eswre-

bodnen Teodore faziseli da ioane petronis episkopo-

sio (mitropoliti maqsime, qarTuli eklesia..., gv. 47-48).

aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom diptixSi Setanili iyo bi-

zantiis qarTuli qalaqebis episkoposebi, xolo bizanti-

is gareT myofi qarTuli qalaqebis episkoposebi ki _

ara. e.i. amJamad, diptixi bizantiuri saxelmwifos saWiroe-

bisTvisaa Sedgenili, amitomac iberiis avtokefaluri ek-

lesiis warmomadgenelTa mouxsenebloba Zvel diptixSi

imis niSani ki araa, rom aseTi avtokefaluri eklesia ar

arsebobda, aramed piriqiT, arsebobda da ar eqvemde-

bareboda imperiaSi Semaval sapatriarqoebs.

aRmosavluri (bizantiuri) diptixis xelaxali gax-

senebaa parizis kodeqsi XV saukunisa, sadac ixsenieba

msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi, aleqsandrie-

li, antioqieli da ierusalimeli patriarqebi, diptixis

sakiTxis mkvlevarTa mier, am kodeqsze ufro mniSvnelo-

vanad miiCneva, XV saukunis 30-ian wlebSi Semdgari e.w.

`msoflio~ saeklesio (ferara-florenciis) krebaze da-

culi diptixi, radganac am krebas eswrebodnen msoflios

9

xuTive sapatriarqosa da im dros arsebuli yvela av-

tokefaluri eklesiis warmomadgenlebi. am krebis oqmebs

patriarqebma da maTma warmomadgenlebma xeli moaweres.

marTalia, es kreba arakanonikuri iyo da mis oqmebs

iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenelma xeli ar moawera. am

`msoflio~ krebaze daculi iyo wina msoflio krebaTa

kanonebi eklesiaTa ganlagebis Sesaxeb. XV saukunis am

krebis diptixi aseTi iyo: _ romis eklesia, konstanti-

nopolis msoflio sapatriarqo, aleqsandriis, antioqi-

is, ierusalimis sapatriarqoebi, ierusalimis Semdeg VI

adgilze idga iberiis eklesia. aqedan Cans, rom Zvel

diptixSi iberiis eklesias eWira VI adgili, magram ase-

Ti saxis diptixi mxolod mTeli msoflios eklesias

Seexeboda. konstantinopolis da bizantiur diptixebSi

XVI saukunemde Setanis ufleba mxolod oTxi aRmosav-

leli patriarqis privilegia iyo (Âêëàä Âñåëåíñêîãî

Ïàòðèàðõàòà ïî ðàçðàáîäêó òåìû “Äèïòèõè”, 1981). marTa-

lia, XVI saukuneSi ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Sem-

deg moskovis patriarqs neba mieca diptixSi da TaTbi-

rebze mdgariyo ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg, ma-

gram maleve, roca ruseTSi daarsda wmida sinodis

mmarTveloba, yvela aRmosavleTis sapatriarqos dip-

tixebSi mxolod oTxi aRmosavleTis patriarqi moixsene-

boda (Èññëåäîâàíèå Ñâÿòåèøåé Öåðêâè Ýëëàäñêîé -

“Äèïòèõè â ïðàâàñëàâíîé öåðêâè”, 1982).

bizantiur (aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebis) diptixeb-

Si Setanili ar iyo bulgareTis arqiepiskoposi, roca

mas 1234 wels konstantinopolma patriarqis tituli mi-

aniWa, diptixSi ar iyvnen Setanilni, agreTve, avteke-

faluri arqiepiskoposebi arqidisa, kviprosisa, iberi-

10

isa (ori _ iberiaSi `zemo~ da `qvemo~) da pekiisa (1693

wlis aprilSi msoflio patriarqi kalinikos II werda: “Êðîìå

ïÿòè Ïàòðèàðõîâ íå ñóøåñòâóåò è íå óïîìèíàåòñÿ íèêàêîé

äðóãîé ïàòðèàðõ. ×òî êàñàåòñÿ àâòîíîìíûõ Àðõèåïèñêîïîâ,

ò. å. Àðõèäñêîãî, Êèïðñêîãî, Èâåðèèñêîãî (ñîãëàñíî äðóãîìó

íàïèñàíèþ: äâà â Èâåðèè â íèæíåé è âåðõíåé) è Ïåêèèñêîãî,

òî â ðàçíèå ïåðèîäû èõ ïðîñòî ïîñòàâèëè è íàçâàëè

àðõèåïèñêîïàìè... íå èìåÿ íèêàêîãî ïðàâà èìåíîâàòñÿ

Ïàòðèàðøèìè, ïîýòîìó èì íåò ìåñòà íè â äèïòèõàõ, íè

ïàòðèàðùèõ êàòàëîãàõ” (Âêëàä Âñåëåíñêîãî Ïàòðèàðõàòà â

ðàçðàáîòêó òåìû “Äèïòèõè”, 1981, ñòð.7). rogorc aRniSnu-

li iyo, ucxoelebi `zemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~

uwodebdnen qarTlis sakaTalikosos, xolo ̀ qvemo iberi-

is saarqiepiskoposos~ - afxazeTis sakaTalikosos).

XIX saukunis Sua wlebamde wmida diptixSi ixseniebo-

da mxolod aRmosavleTis oTxi patriarqi, mxolod am

saukuneSi da Semdgom axali avtokefaluri eklesiebis

(eladis, serbeTis, rumineTis, poloneTis da albaneTis)

daarsebis Semdeg msoflio konstantinopolis patriarqma

isini daavaldebula, diptixSi moexseniebinaT oTxi pa-

triarqis garda sxva episkoposebi da eklesiebi.

statia amoRebulia mitropolit anania jafariZis

wignidan _ `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~,

1998, t. II, gv. 232

11


marTlmadideblur diptixSi

X da XI saukuneTa mijnaze saqarTvelo gaerTianda,

risTvisac saukuneTa manZilze iRwvoda iberiis eklesia.

sxvadasxva qarTuli politikuri erTeulebis gaer-

Tianebam erTian mZlavr saxelmwifod gamoiwvia

saqarTvelos hegemonoba mTel kavkasiaSi. aRmosavle-

Tis eklesia gansakuTrebiT savaldebulod xdida samo-

qalaqo-saero dayofis gadaRebas saeklesioSi, ase rom,

yovel cvlilebas saeroSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebi unda

mohyoloda saeklesioSi. amitomac, saxelmwifos gaer-

Tianebam Seqmna safuZveli, raTa aRdgeniliyo mTliano-

ba saqarTvelos eklesiisa, asuliyo axal simaRleze. aqam-

de afxazeTis samefoSi arsebobda qarTulenovani saek-

lesio erTeuli `afxazeTis sakaTalikoso~. qarTlis

samefoSi ki _ `qarTlis sakaTalikoso~. samefoTa gaer-

Tianebis Semdeg erT sapatriarqoSi gaerTianda eklesie-

bic da erTian qarTul saxelmwifoSi warmoiqmna erTiani

eklesia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos saxelwodebiT.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, garda afxazeTisa da qarT-

lis sakaTalikosoebisa, Seicavda agreTve saqarTvelos

saxelmwifos gavlenis sferoSi Semaval Crdilo kavkasi-

is qristianebs, agreTve somxeTisa da yofili albaneTis

marTlmadidebel mosaxleobas. Crdilo kavkasiis qris-

tianebi uSualod saqarTvelos patriarqs eqvemdebare-

bodnen, rasac mowmobs epigrafikuli masala, xolo XV

saukunisaTvis Crdilo kavkasiis aRmosavleTiT Seqmni-

li iyo xunZeTis sakaTalikoso, romelic iberiis sapa-

triarqoSi Sedioda. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sevi-

12

da somxeTis qarTuli samitropolito, romelic isto-

riuli saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT mdebareobda _

somxeTis (anisis) yofil samefoSi. saqarTvelos sapatri-

arqos Seqmnis Semdeg sakaTalikosoebi ar gauqmebulan,

isini arsebobas ganagrZobdnen ise, rogorc bizantiur

sapatriarqoSi arsebobdnen samitropolitoebi. rogorc

wesi, patriarqi imave dros mcxeTis, anu qarTlis kaTa-

likosic iyo, mas sveticxovlis patriarqic ewodeboda

sasaydro taZris mixedviT.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqo kavkasiis masStabiT Zalze

didi eklesia iyo. is moicavda ara marto kavkasiis mar-

Tlmadideblobas, aramed Zalze scildeboda kavkasiis

sazRvrebs CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis mimarTulebiT.

samxreTiT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos esazRvreboda

vanis tba da teritoriebi, romelic daviT kurapalatma

Seiyvana qarTvelTa samefoSi.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos warmoSobamde ar arse-

bobda qarTuli eklesiis meTauris Rirsebis bizantiel

ierarqebis RirsebasTan Sedarebis saWiroeba, amitomac,

albaT, qarTul eklesiaSi diptixi ar gamoiyeneboda.

viTareba Seicvala sapatriarqos Seqmnis Semdeg. axalma

mdgomareobam warmoSva sakiTxi, Tu patriarqTa rigSi

romel adgilze unda daeyenebinaT, anda romeli patri-

arqis Semdeg unda exsenebinaT axali patriarqi _ qarTu-

li eklesiis meTauri. marTalia, im dros zogierT ara-

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis meTaurs hqonda patriar-

qis tituli, magram msoflio marTlmadideblur ekle-

siaSi mxolod xuTi patriarqi ixsenieboda, rasac msof-

lio saeklesio krebebic adasturebda. im dros gadaxedes

arsebul patriarqebis rigs da daadgines, rom axali

13

qarTveli patriarqi iyo meeqvse patriarqi _ romis pa-

pis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis da ieru-

salimis patriarqebis Semdeg. ase Sedga qarTuli eklesiis

diptixi. qarTuli eklesiis diptixi ukve arsebobda saek-

lesio gayofamde romsa da konstantinopols Soris, da

amitomac am ganyofamde ukve arsebuli qarTuli diptixi

saukuneebis manZilze ucvlelad gadadioda sabuTidan

sabuTSi. XIII saukunis dokumentSic aseTi diptixia dacu-

li: `...Cuenca, glaxaki, qristes mier, Semdgomad xuTTa

patriarqTa da upirveles maTsa... suetiscxovlis meequsi-

sa patriarqis da qristes mier yovlisa saqarTvelos kaTa-

likozi nikoloz vamtkiceb da warvswer~... (q.s.Z., II, gv. 66).

aqedan Cans, rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs diptix-

is patriarqTa rigSi VI adgili uWiravs, magram mas

Tavisi Rirseba arc erTi patriarqis Rirsebaze nakle-

bad ar miaCnia.

diptixSi qarTvel patriarqs VI adgilze XI saukunis

dasawyisSive rom ayenebdnen, es Semdegidan Cans: saqarTve-

los sapatriarqo Seiqmna msoflio qristianobis kaTo-

likebad da marTlmadideblebad gayofamde, rac 1054 wels

moxda. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesia marad marTlmadide-

belTa didi ojaxis wevri iyo, amitomac gayofis Semdgom

Sedgenil qarTul sabuTebSi romis papi aRar ixseniebo-

da marTlmadideblobasTan da marTlmadidebel patri-

arqebTan kavSirSi. qarTuli eklesiis Zvel diptixSi

romis papis sxva aRmosavleli patriarqebis gverdiT

dayeneba miuTiTebs imaze, rom qarTuli eklesiis dip-

tixi Sedgenilia saeklesio ganxeTqilebamde, xolo

Semdgomi saukuneebis sabuTebSi diptixis Seucvlelad

gadatana miuTiTebs saeklesio tradiciulobaze, romelic

14

gansakuTrebiT iyo daculi qarTul eklesiaSi. garda

amisa, qarTuli eklesia mudamJams erTguli iyo saekle-

sio krebaTa kanonebisa, gansakuTrebiT ki qalkedonis

krebisa, qalkedonis krebam ki Tavis 28-e kanonSi daadg-

ina, rom konstantinopolis patriarqi unda mdgariyo

ara pirvel adgilze, aramed meoreze. pirveli adgili

romis patriarqs unda daekavebina. konstantinopoli ̀ me-

ore iyo Semdgomad missa~... (didi sjulis kanoni, gv. 275).

igive daadastura iustinianem Tavis 131-e novelaSi, ker-

Zod, `saeklesio kanonebis gansazRvrebis Tanaxmad, uw-

midesi papi Zveli romisa iyo pirveli yvela mRvdelmTa-

varTa Soris. axali romisas ki eqneba meore adgili Zve-

li romis wmida samociqulo saydris Semdeg, magram adg-

ils daiWers sxva saydrebis maRla~ (saqarTvelo evropis

arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, I, 1984 w., gv. 280). trulis saekle-

sio krebis 36-e kanonmac gaimeora Zveli kanonebi da sap-

atriarqoTa adgilebi ase gansazRvra _ ̀ ...ganvasazRvrebT,

raiTa saydarsa konstantinepolisasa swori pativi aqundes

hromisa saydrisa da viTarca igi gandidnebis saekle-

sioTa Sina saqmeTa, meore iyos ese Semdgomad missa,

romlisa Semdgomad iyavn aleqsandrielTa didisa qala-

qisa da Semdgomad missa ierusalemelTa qalaqisa~ (didi

sjulis janoni, 1975 w., gv. 386). trulis krebam, gaimeora

ra konstantinopolis saydarTan dakavSirebiT II msof-

lio krebis me-3 kanoni da 28-e kanoni IV msoflio krebi-

sa, gansazRvra, rom pirveli yofiliyo romis saydari,

meore _ konstantinopolisa, mesame _ aleqsandriisa,

meoTxe _ antioqiisa da mexuTe _ ierusalimisa.

mcxeTis (saqarTvelos) sapatriarqo saydari dadga

ierusalimis saydris Semdeg, radganac qarTuli diptix-

15

is Sedgenisas gaTvaliswinebuli iqna II msoflio krebis

me-3, qalkedonis 28-e, trulis 36-e kanonebi da miiRo ase-

Ti saxe:

1. romis saydari; 2. konstantinopolis saydari; 3.

aleqsandriis saydari; 4. antioqiis saydari; 5. ierusal-

imis saydari; 6. mcxeTis (sveticxovlis) saydari.

qarTuli diptixis mixedviT, saqarTvelos eklesiis

meTaurs sxva avtokefaluri eklesiebis meTaurTa rigSi

eWira me-6 adgili.

qarTuli eklesiis meTauris me-6 adgilze moxseniebas

qarTul eklesiaSi saukuneebis manZilze hqonda istori-

ul-tradiciuli mniSvneloba da iseve Seucvlelad iTv-

leboda, rogorc saeklesio krebaTa da mamaTa kanonebi.

diptixis zemoT moyvanili saxe miuTiTebs imaze, rom

is Sedgenilia saeklesio ganyofamde.

VI-VII saukuneebis Semdeg, bizantiis imperiaSi gaba-

tonebuli iyo ̀ pentarxiis Teoria~, msoflioSi xuTi av-

tokefaluri eklesiis arsebobis Sesaxeb. Tanamedrove

rusi kanonistebis (saeklesio kanonebis mcodneTa) gan-

martebiT, es Teoria iyo gamonagoni bizantiis saimpera-

toro da sapatriarqo karisa. TviT imperiaSive arse-

bobda meeqvse avtokefaluri eklesia kviprosisa, xolo

iustinianem daaarsa axali avtokefaluri eklesia ̀ pirve-

li iustinianes~ saxelwodebiT, imperiis gareT ZvelTa-

ganve iberiis (saqarTvelos) avtokefaluri eklesia ar-

sebobda, miuxedavad amisa, aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi da

maT Soris saqarTveloSic, icnobdnen pentarxiis Teor-

ias da masSi koreqtivebic SehqondaT.

saqarTveloSi gabatonebuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad,

xuTi msoflio patriarqis Semdgom idga saqarTvelos,

16

anu mcxeTis kaTalikos-patriarqi. saqarTvelos sapatri-

arqos daarsebidan mcire xnis Semdeg, 1057 wels mefe

bagrat IV-is Sewirulebis sigels SiomRvimisadmi aqvs

qarTuli eklesiis meTauris minaweri, romlis Tanaxma-

dac is dgas meeqvse adgilze msoflios xuTi patriarqis

Semdeg. vinc es sigeli daarRvioso, wers is _ ̀ ...krulmca

ars... xuTTa patriarqTa juariTa... da Cem glaxakisaca

juariTa~ (samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 28).

1245-1250 wlebis dawerils SiomRvimisadmi aqvs minaw-

eri: `...xuTTa patriarqTa juariTa, wmidisa samociqu-

loisa kaTolike eklesiisa madliTa da raodenni mas

Sina wmidani qarTlisa kaTalikozni sxdomil arian da

dasxdebian maT yovelTa juariTa~ (iqve, gv. 40-41). wmida

kaTolike samociqulo eklesia iyo qarTuli eklesiis

saxelwodeba da yovelTvis am formuliT moixseniebo-

da is. es sigelic xuTi msoflio sapatriarqo saydris

Semdeg qarTul eklesias asaxelebs (iqve, gv. 66).

1259 wlis Sewirulebis dawerils rkonis monastrisad-

mi amtkicebs saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri _ `...Cuenca,

Semdgomad xuTTa patriarqTa... meequsisa patriarqis...

vamtkiceb~... (samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 66).

zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom ukve XI saukuneSive,

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CamoyalibebisTanave,

saqarTvelos patriarqs marTlmadideblur diptixSi

eWira meeqvse adgili xuTi patriarqis Semdeg.



1998, t. II, gv. 237

17

saqarTvelos eklesiis adgili msoflio diptixSi

qarTuli eklesiis sakuTar diptixSi qarTvel patri-

arqs eWira me-6 adgili, magram cnobdnen Tu ara amas msof-

lios sxva sapatriarqoebi, aRiarebdnen Tu ara isini

qarTveli mamamTavris saydars meeqvse adgilze? Cven

dabejiTebiT unda vTqvaT, rom rogorc romis papebi,

ise aRmosavleTis oTxi patriarqi cnobda iberiis ekle-

sias meeqvse adgilze ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg.

amas miuTiTebs ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis

diptixi. am krebaze qarTul eklesias eWira VI adgili

romis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da

ierusalimis saydrebis Semdeg. es rom SemTxveviT ar iyo

da eklesiaTa adgilebis ganawilebas am krebaze, ise

rogorc e.w. `XII msoflio~ krebaze, sagangebo yuradRe-

ba eqceoda, iqidanac Cans, rom florenciis krebam 1438

wels uniis Sesaxeb dekretSi daadgina: `konstantinopo-

lis patriarqi iqneba meore wmida romis papis Semdeg

aleqsandrieli mesame, Semdeg meoTxe antioqieli da mex-

uTe _ ierusalimeli~... (a. kartaSevi, msoflio krebebi, 1963

w., gv. 425). marTalia, am krebas ar gamoucia dokumenti,

Tu rogor unda ganawilebuliyo Semdegi adgilebi, rad-

ganac kreba exeboda ara diptixis sakiTxs, aramed sxva

sakiTxs, magram saerTod eklesiaTa (kaTedraTa) adgileb-

is ganawilebas Zalze didi yuradReba rom eqceoda, ze-

moT moyvanili dadgenilebidanac Cans.

qarTuli, anu iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenels am

krebaze eWira VI adgili. 1438 wlis 5 Tebervals ferara-

Si gaxsnil da florenciaSi gagrZelebul `msoflio~

18

saeklesio krebas, sadac erTmaneTs Sexvdnen aRmosavle-

Tisa da dasavleTis warmomadgenlebi da romlis aqteb-

sac aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebma xeli moaweres, _

`Tanabari uflebiT eswreboda iberiis mitropoliti~ (i.

tabaRua, saq. evropis wignsacavebsa da arqivebSi, t. I, gv. 101).

`iberiis mitropoliti ijda marTlmadidebelTa mx-

ares mexuTe adgilze konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis,

antioqiisa da ierusalimis warmomadgenlebis Semdeg. _

`pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savar-

Zeli... patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni

iyvnen... ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli menzi-

is arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli

iberiis mitropoliti~ (i. tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis

wignsacavebsa da arqivebSi, w. I, gv. 101-102).

krebis monawileni isxdnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT:

centridan Tanabar manZilze idga ori taxti _ romis im-

peratorisa da berZenTa imperatorisa. sasuliero pirebi

ganlagebulni iyvnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: erT mxares

isxdnen laTinTa warmomadgenlebi, meore mxares isxd-

nen marTlmadidebelTa warmomadgenlebi. CvenTvis sain-

tereso marTlmadidebelTa rigi iyo Semdegi saxisaa:

marTlmadidebelTa rigSi pirvelad idga:

1. konstantinopolis patriarqis savarZeli (patriar-

qi am sxdomas ar eswreboda);

patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen:

2. aleqsandriis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ ar-

qiepiskoposi;

3. antioqiis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ arqiepiskoposi;

4. ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ ar-

qiepiskoposi;

19

5. iberiis patriarqis (dokumentSia _ `mefis~) warmo-

madgeneli mitropoliti. amis Semdeg diptixis mixedviT

isxdnen sxva marTlmadidebeli episkoposebi.

`nawyveti florenciis wmida msoflio saeklesio kre-

bis oqmidan... sasuliero pirebis ganlagebis Sesaxeb... pirve-

li kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savarZeli (pa-

triarqi, SeuZlod yofnis gamo, im dRes krebas ver eswre-

boda)... patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen

_ herakliis arqiepiskoposi, romelsac aleqsandriis pa-

triarqis kanonieri mandati hqonda da misi adgili ekava;

antioqiis patriarqis mier gamogzavnili _ efesiis ar-

qiepiskoposi; ierusalimis patriarqis warmogzavnili _

meneziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgene-

li _ iberiis mitropoliti; amaT Semdeg isxdnen trape-

zuntis, rizes, nikeis... arqiepiskoposebi... mitropolite-

bi... berebi, TavianTi wesis mixedviT~ (iqve, gv. 214).

florenciis krebaze ara marto eklesiaTa warmomad-

geneli sasuliero pirebi isxdnen ̀ wesis~, anu diptixis mixed-

viT, aramed saero pirebic aseve (wesis mixedviT) isxdnen.

ferara-florenciis `msoflio~ saeklesio krebidan

Cans, rom qarTuli eklesiis meeqvse adgili msoflio

eklesiaTa rigSi, xolo V adgili marTlmadidebelTa

rigSi aRiarebuli da cnobili iyo rogorc romis papis,

aseve msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqis da sxva

aRmosavleTis patriarqebis mier, winaaRmdeg SemTxveva-

Si iseT, Tavisi droisaTvis Zalze mniSvnelovan kreba-

ze, romelic msoflio eklesiis gaerTianebas isaxavda

miznad, romisa da aRmosavleTis qristianebi erTmaneT-

Tan uTanxmoebaSi ar Sevidodnen iberiis eklesiis adgi-

lis ZiebisaTvis. iberiis eklesiis adgili diptixSi ZvelT-

20

aganve cnobili iyo, amitomac man am `msoflio~ krebaze

yovelgvari davis gareSe Tavisi adgili daikava.

XV saukunis pirveli naxevris diptixi, daculi fe-

rara-florenciis krebaze, aseTia:

1. romis papi;

2. msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi;

3. aleqsandriis;

4. antioqiis;

5. ierusalimis;

6. iberiis;

7. trapezuntis;

8. rizes;

9. nikeis;

10. lakedemoniis;

11. nikomediis;

12. trivoniis;

13. amasiis;

14. mitilenis;

15. tolozinos;

16. stavropolis;

17. tustricis;

18. garinis;

19. melentinis;

20. aqilis;

21. muldulis patriarqebi da arqiepiskoposebi (i.

tabaRua _ saqarTvelo evropis wignsacavebsa da arqivebSi, w.

I, gv. 214-215).

marTalia, am krebaze ase isxdnen eklesiis ierarqebi,

magram maTgan avtokefalur eklesiad miiCneoda mxolod

xuTi eklesia: konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antio-

21

qiis, ierusalimisa da iberiisa, amitomac am avtokefalur

eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebs am krebaze eWiraT gan-

sakuTrebuli, sxvebisagan gansxvavebuli skamebi krebis

monawileTa pirvel rigSi, xolo iberiis mefis elCi,

romelsac agreTve trapezuntis imperatoris mandati hqon-

da, papis Tanmxlebi piris pirdapir ijda (iqve, gv. 215).

aseTi saxis iyo ̀ msoflio~ eklesiis diptixi. marTl-

madidebluri diptixidan ki amoiRes romis papis moxse-

nieba, magram amas araviTari gavlena ar mouxdenia qarTu-

li eklesiisaTvis kanonikurad miCneul meeqvse adgilze.

kerZod, marTalia, marTlmadidebluri diptixidan gavi-

da romis papis moxsenieba, ramac vakanturi adgili war-

moSva adgilobrivi eklesiebis meTaurTa eqvseulSi, ma-

gram male vakanturi adgili daiWira ruseTis eklesiam

msoflio sapatriarqosa da sxva sapatriarqoTa gadaw-

yvetilebiT, rac cno qarTulma eklesiam.

`konstantinopolis patriarqma genadi sxolarim (1453-

1460) sxva aRmosavlel patriarqebTan erTad cno rusu-

li eklesiis damoukidebeli arseboba da gansazRvra CaTv-

liliyo avtokefaluri rusuli mitropolia Tavisi

RirsebiT ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg, e.i. mexuTe

adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa diptixSi~

(Ïðàâîñëàâíûé öåðêîâíûé êàëåíäàðü, 1985).

aqamde qarTul eklesias diptixSi adgili ierusalimis

patriarqis Semdeg eWira, amis Semdeg ki man Tavisi tradi-

ciuli meeqvse adgili daiWira (ruseTis eklesiis Semdeg).

1589 wels ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Semdeg

misma patriarqma diptixSi maRali adgili daikava. ̀ roca

didma krebam 1593 wels gansazRvra moskovis sapatriarqos

mdgomareoba, mas gamoeyo ufro maRali adgili, vidre

22

maSin arsebul arqiepiskoposebs avtokefalur da TviT-

mmarTvel eklesiebisa _ axridiisas, kviprosisas, iveri-

isas da pekiisas, magram ara aleqsandriis patriarqis

Semdeg, rogorc surda ruseTis mefes, aramed mxolod

ierusalimis patriarqis Semdeg, imasTan dakavSirebiT,

rom krebis mamebma Sesabamis mimarTvaSi ganacxades wmi-

da mamaTa kanonebis Seucvleloba~ (Âêëàä Âñåëåíñêîãî

Ïàòðèàðõàòà â ðàçðàáîòêó òåìû “Äèïòèõè” ñ. 11).

ruseTis mefes surda da aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoe-

bic ar iyvnen winaaRmdegni ruseTis patriarqs diptixSi

daeWira adgili aleqsandriis patriarqis Semdeg, magram

radganac wina saukuneebSi wmida mamaTa mier dadgenili

iyo diptixSi aleqsandriis sapatriarqos Semdeg antio-

qiisa da ierusalimis patriarqTa xseneba, rac dadasture-

buli iyo trulis krebis kanoniT, amitomac aRmosavle-

Tis patriarqebma gadawyvites ruseTis patriarqis adg-

ili marTlmadideblur diptixSi yofiliyo ierusali-

mis patriarqis Semdeg. es adgili ruseTis sapatriarqom

miiRo Tavisi ara marto sididisa da ekonomikuri si-

Zlieris gamo, aramed imitomac, rom im dros mahmadia-

nur qveynebSi arsebuli aRmosavleTis yvela patriarqi

ruseTis qristianul saxelmwifos imedis TvaliT Sesc-

qeroda. aseve iyo saqarTveloSic. amitomac qarTulma

eklesiam cno da aRiara ruseTis sapatriarqos adgili

ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg, magram diptixSi VI

adgilze kvlav qarTuli eklesia unda yofiliyo.

qarTulma eklesiam ruseTis patriarqis adgili ieru-

salimis patriarqis Semdeg rom aRiara, amas miuTiTebs

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarq antonis mimarTva

ruseTis imperatrica elisabedisadmi. 1757 wels anton I,

23

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi werda: _

`...yovelsa, rasaca aRiarebs da daamtkicebs, Seiwynarebs

da miiRebs dRes wm. eklesia aRmosavleTisa, romel ars

konstantinepolisa, aleqsandriisa, antioqiisa da ieru-

salimisa da yovlisa ruseTisa _ meca aRviareb~... (ev. ni-

kolaZe, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, 1918 w., gv. 188). aqedan

Cans, rom ukve XVII saukunis Semdgom, qarTuli eklesiis

diptixi aseTi iyo:

1. konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo;

2. aleqsandriis;

3. antioqiis;

4. ierusalimis;

5. ruseTis sapatriarqoebi;

6. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo.

amJamadac, marTlmadideblur diptixSi qarTul ekle-

sias uWiravs istoriul-tradiciuli meeqvse adgili, rac

savsebiT kanonieria.



1998, t. II, gv. 241

24

qarTuli eklesiis VI adgili ferara-florenciis

e.w. saeklesio krebaze

saeklesio krebebma dasavleTSi XV saukunis pirvel

naxevarSi Tavisi ganviTarebis umaRles dones miaRwies.

isini saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis organoebs war-

moadgendnen da ganixilavdnen ara mxolod sasuliero,

aramed saero da politikur sakiTxebsac. magaliTad,

saeklesio krebis kompetenciaSi Sedioda saimperatoro

taxtze kandidaturebis SerCeva, imperatorebis gadayeneba,

germanel mTavarTa urTierTobis mowesrigeba, samxreT-

aRmosavleTi evropis qveynebis TurqeTis agresiisagan

dacva da a.S. _ wers istorikosi

XV saukunis saeklesio krebebi ar warmoadgendnen

ubralo iaraRs papebis xelSi, rogorc es XII-XIII sauku-

neebSi iyo. es saeklesio krebebi damoukidebel politi-

kas atarebdnen da acxadebdnen pretenziebs umaRles av-

toritetze saeklesio da saero saqmeebis gadawyvetis

dros. isini iTvisebdnen agreTve papebis kontrolisa da

gasamarTlebis uflebas~ (o. JuJunaZe, XV saukunis pirveli

naxevris saqarTvelos sagareo politikis istoriisaTvis,

krebuli _ ̀ qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis sagareo politikis

istoriidan~, w. I, 1970 w., gv. 10).

1389 wels Turqebma kosovos velze evropuli qveyneb-

is koalicia daamarcxes da serbeTi daipyres, xolo 1393

wels _ bulgareTi. 1430 wels sulTanma murad II-m Tesa-

lonike daikava, amieridan bizantia Sedgeboda TviT kon-

stantinopolisagan. imperiis dReebi daTvlili iyo. bi-

zantiis imperatorebi aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis ek-

lesiebis gaerTianebis fasad romisagan elodnen daxmare-

25

bis miRebas. mZime mdgomareobam aiZula bizantiis imper-

atorebi manuil II da ioane VIII miemarTaT romis papisad-

mi winadadebiT kaTolikuri da marTlmadidebluri ek-

lesiebis SeerTebis Taobaze. aseTi Zalze mniSvnelovani

saqmis gadawyveta miandes e.w. msoflio saeklesio kre-

bas. es kreba unda yofiliyo Zalze warmomadgenlobiTi

da moecva msoflios yvela qristianuli eklesia. 1436

wels imperatorma dagzavna Tavisi elCebi marTlma-

didebel qveynebSi da moiwvia maTi eklesiebis meTaure-

bi saeklesio krebaze bazelSi. bizantiis imperatorTan

da patriarqTan erTad italiaSi aRmosavleTis eklesi-

is 22 warmomadgeneli gaemgzavra, maT Soris ori qarTve-

li. 1436 wels imperatorma ioanem saqarTvelosa da

trapizonSi saeklesio krebaze elCebis Camosayvanad gag-

zavna andronike iagrini. siropulosi wers, rom `man

iberiidan waiyvana ori episkoposi, erTi elCi da iberi-

is mefeTa gansakuTrebuli senatorebi~. isini konstanti-

nopolSi Cavidnen da aqedan patriarqis amalasTan er-

Tad italiaSi gaemgzavrnen (o. JuJunaZe, XV saukunis pirve-

li naxevris saqarTvelos sagareo politikis istoriisaTvis,

dasaxelebuli krebuli, 1970 w., gv. 12-15).

`laTinur enaze Seqmnil erT TxzulebaSi, romelic am

epoqas Seexeba, sxva qveynebs Soris moxsenebulia iberi-

ac. igi aq daxasiaTebulia, rogorc uzarmazari qveyana,

romelsac Tavisi ena da mwerloba gaaCnia, mimdevaria

berZnuli eklesiisa, magram amave dros aRmasrulebelia

sakuTari Cveulebisa da hyavs erovnuli samRvdeloeba.

1438 wlis 10 TebervliT daTariRebuli erT-erTi saist-

orio wyarodan irkveva, rom veneciis navsadgurSi Se-

mosulan romis papis galerebi. erT maTgans Camouyvania

26

saberZneTis imperatori Tavisi amaliT, meores ki _ amave

qveynis patriarqi da mravali warCinebuli piri... somx-

eTidan, saqarTvelodan da ruseTidan~ (l. tardi, _ un-

greT-saqarTvelos urTierToba XVI s-Si, 1980 w., gv. 17).

wyaroebidan Cans, rom saqarTvelos eklesia sxva

marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa gverdiT am saeklesio kre-

baze pativiscemiT sargeblobda. es gamowveuli iyo,

rogorc ekonomikuri ZlierebiT, aseve mis mier marTl-

madideblobis mtkice dacviT.

1437-1439 wlebis ferara-florenciis saeklesio kreb-

is aqtebi moRweulia ori redaqciiT. pirveli maTgani

warmoadgens saeklesio krebis kaTolikur versias. piro-

biTad mas uwodeben àqta latinas~. aqtebis meore re-

daqcia gadmogvcems berZenTa delegaciis prolaTinurad

ganwyobili nawilis Tvalsazriss. mas uwodeben àkta

graekas~. mesame da ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens di-

akvnisa da didi eklesiarxis silvesteros siropulosis

memuarebi. CvenTvis sainteresoa konstantinopolis didi

eklesiis eklesiarxis siropulosis cnoba iberiis ek-

lesiis meTauris Sesaxeb. is mas àRmosavleTis patri-

arqs~ uwodebs. siropulosi gadmogvcems aseT ambavs: kre-

bisaTvis saWiro iyo Tanxebis gamoZebna, imperatorma

iberiis eklesiis meTaurs mosTxova 30 000 _ ìberiis

arqiepiskoposma gulmodgined izruna da imperators

Seacvlevina 30 aTasi fuli 20 aTasze. mas uxvad aqvs sim-

didre. masTan mRvdelmTavari mivida da misgan mxolod

oci miiRo, radgan igi mTeli aRmosavleTis patriarqia

da mahmadianTa mflobelobis qveS imyofeboda. is sul-

Tans aZlevs aTas florins imisaTvis, rom patriarqad

ekurTxos. misTvis fulis gadaxda mZime ar aris~ (o. Ju-

27

JunaZe, XV saukunis pirveli naxevris saqarTvelos sagareo poli-

tikis istoriisaTvis, dasaxelebuli krebuli, 1970 w., gv. 16).

siropulosis Sroma gamoxatavs marTlmadidebluri

mimarTulebis Tvalsazriss. siropulosi italiaSi Cavi-

da patriarq ioseb II-is anturaJSi. is iyo TviTmxilveli

da mravali ambis monawile, romelic krebaze xdeboda.

man TviTve moawera krebis aqtebs xeli. amitomac, misi

Tvalsazrisi qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo wodebis

(Rirsebis) Sesaxeb aris konstantinopolis eklesiis

Tvalsazrisi, radganac siropulosi patriarqTan daax-

loebuli piri iyo, konstantinopolis mTavari eklesi-

is eklesiarxi. is qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs `aRmosav-

leTis patriarqs~ uwodebs ise, rogorc saqarTvelos

sazRvrebs gareT tyoba-ierdSi aRmoCenili warwera XI

saukunisa. siropulosis mixedviT, iberiis eklesia sul-

Tans garkveul Tanxas aZlevda, rom misi mamaTmTavari

patriarqad kurTxeuliyo.

zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom qarTuli eklesia fe-

rara-florenciis krebaze monawileobda rogorc sapa-

triarqo eklesia. swored amiTaa gamowveuli is, rom

iberiis eklesiis warmomadgeneli diptixSi daayenes sa-

patriarqoTa rigSi ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg.

krebaze konstantinopolis patriarqis savarZlis Sem-

deg oTx skamze isxdnen sapatriarqoTa warmomadgenle-

bi, xolo maT Semdeg raime gansakuTrebuli gamoyofis

gareSe isxdnen sxva arqiepiskoposebi. konstantinopolis

patriarqis Semdeg oTx gansakuTrebul skamze isxdnen

aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimisa da iberiis sapa-

triarqoTa warmomadgenlebi, eseni iyvnen: _ herakliis

arqiepiskoposi, romelsac aleqsandriis patriarqis

28

kanonieri mandati hqonda da misi adgili ekava, antioqi-

is patriarqis mier gamozavnili efesiis arqiepikoposi,

ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ menziis ar-

qiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli _ iberi-

is mitropoliti (i. tabaRua, saq. evropis arqivebsa da wignsa-

cavebSi, gv. 241).

papis protonotariusi andrea di santa kroCe Tavis

SromaSi florenciis krebis Sesaxeb (romelic Semdeg

vatikanis bibilioTekarma horacio justinianom Seavso)

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ierarqebis CamoTvlis dros

saqarTvelos warmomadgenels V safexurze ayenebda (iqve,

gv. 72). (o. JuJunaZe Tavis wyarod miuTiTebs e.w. àqta lati-

na~-s, gv. 72) konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis

da ierusalimis patriarqebis Semdeg, romlebic msof-

lio patriarqebad iTvlebodnen.

es maRali adgili saeklesio ierarqiaSi maCvenebelia

imisa, rom saqarTvelos eklesia am dros erT-erT Zli-

er da gavlenian organizacias warmoadgenda, amasve miu-

TiTebs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mesveurebisadmi gag-

zavnili papi evgenis werili, romelSic 4 msoflio pa-

triarqis Semdeg moxsenebulia saqarTvelos mefe da

trapizonis mitropoliti da mxolod Semdegaa dasaxele-

buli ruseTis, moldo-vlaxeTisa da sxva mitropolite-

bi. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos elCebs Cabarebuli

hqondaT trapizonis imperatoris mandati da maTi sax-

eliT moqmedebis ufleba hqondaT (o. JuJunaZe, XV saukunis

I naxevris saqarTvelos sagareo politikis istoriisaTvis,

dasaxelebuli krebuli, 1970 w., gv. 16; àqta latina~, gv. 333).

sxva bulaSi, aRmosavleTis eklesiebisadmi mimarTvis

dros, mimarTaven àRmosavleTis rCeul xalxebs _

29

berZnebs, rusebs, qarTvelebs da valaxebs~ (o. JuJunaZe, gv.

51; àqta latina~, gv. 89).

ufro metic, am krebis laTini mwerlebi saqarTvelos

araTu me-6 adgilze, aramed xandaxan me-3 adgilze moix-

senieben, me-5 adgilze ki am krebis diptixSi laTini is-

torikosebi mudam ixsenieben qarTul eklesias.

am krebis prolaTinurad ganwyobili berZeni samRvde-

loeba TavianT àqta graekaSi~ yvela warmomadgenlis

CamoTvlis Semdeg moixsenieben saqarTvelos da dasZenen

_ ìyvnen agreTve iberiidanac mitropoliti da erTi

episkoposi~. saqme isaa, rom am prolaTin berZen avtorebs

ar moswondaT iberiis eklesiis mier marTlmadideblo-

bis mtkice dacva. 1439 wlis ivliss marTlmadidebeli ek-

lesiis warmomadgenelTa umravlesobam xeli moawera

eklesiebis gaerTianebis aqts, qarTulma eklesiam xeliar moawera krebis dadgenilebas eklesiaTa gaer-Tianebis Sesaxeb. amiT man prolaTinurad ganwyobili

berZeni samRvdeloebis ukmayofileba gamoiwvia, rac

aisaxa kidec àqta graekaSi~.

uniis mowinaaRmdege saqarTvelos elCi TavisTan mii-

wvia molaparakebisaTvis romis papma. papi mis mimarT

iCenda pativiscemas, radganac is ganaTlebuli yofila

da marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis sakiTxebSi Seu-

ryeveli. iberiis elCma paps upasuxa: `Cveni eklesia mo-

sawonia da Cvens sakuTar dogmebs vemorCilebiT, Cveni

eklesia Zalian mtkiced icavs TiToeul cnebas Cveni uf-

lis ieso qristesi, aseve wmida mociqulTa tradiciebs...

eklesiis saxelganTqmuli maswavleblebis swavlas maS-

inve gadmoviRebT xolme Cvens enaze. amisgan arasodes

ar gadagvixvevia, araferi ar dagvimatebia. romis ekle-

30

siam ki mravali ram daumata da sabolood wmida mamebis

swavlebis sazRvrebi gadalaxa. amis gamo Tqvens ekle-

sias Cven CamovSordiT da orive gayris gziT wavediT~...

amis Semdeg iberma paps urCia xeli ar exlo barbaro-

sul enebze arsebuli dogmebisaTvis, romelTa ZaliT

warTmeva da maT nacvlad Tavisis danergva surs. papma

pasuxi faruli simwariT moismina da gancvifrebuli

gaCumda~ (o. JuJunaZe, XV sakunis pirveli naxevris saqarTve-

los sagareo politikis istoriisaTvis, dasaxelebuli krebuli,

1970 w., gv. 20). swored amitom qarTulma delegaciamuaryo uniis miReba.

iberiidan krebaze gagzavnili yofila sami warmomad-

geneli: ori sasuliero piri _ Tbileli episkoposebi

grigoli da ioane, agreTve gamoCenili samoqalaqo piri

(iqve, gv. 72). maTi saxelebis Sesaxeb arsebobs sxva cnobebic.

aRsaniSnavia, rom krebaze warmodgenili marTlma-

didebeli eklesiebis umravlesobam cno unia da xeli

moawera krebis aqtebs gaerTianebis Sesaxeb. dekrets gaer-

Tianebis Sesaxeb xeli moaweres berZenTa imperatorma,

patriarqma da berZnuli eklesiis wevrebma (iqve, gv. 54).

evropeli mecnierebi, mag. d. jila, am krebas msoflio

krebas uwodeben. jila, kerZod, werda _ `rac ar unda

iTqvas, es iyo msoflio kreba, romelmac Seafasa da gada-

wyvita doqtrinis sakiTxebi~ (iqve, gv. 32).

marTalia, rusuli Tanadrouli wyaroebi uaryofiT-

ad afaseben am krebas, magram mainc mas ̀ merve krebas~ uwode-

ben. agreTve `msoflio krebis~ saxeliTac moixsenieben

(erTi rusuli wyaro `yaCaRurs~ uwodebs) (iqve. gv. 57).

am SemTxvevaSi CvenTvis sainteresoa, rom ferara-flo-

renciis saeklesio krebam gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

31

miaqcia diptixis sakiTxs. krebam uniis Sesaxeb dekretSi,

romelsac xeli moaweres berZenTa imperatorma da aR-

mosavleTis sapatriarqoebma, daadgina, Tu rogori unda

yofiliyo rigiToba msoflio patriarqebisa saeklesio

diptixSi (À Êàðòàøåâ, Âñåëåíñêèå ñîáîðû, 1963 ã., ñòð. 425).rogorc vTqviT, ferara-florenciis ̀ msoflio~ saek-

lesio krebaze qarTul eklesias diptixSi mudam VI adg-

ili eWira, romis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, an-

tioqiis da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebis Semdeg, amito-

mac dabejiTebiT unda iTqvas, rom XV saukunisaTvis bi-

zantiis imperatori, romis papi, konstantinopolis msof-

lio patriarqi, aleqsandriisa, antioqiisa da ierusal-

imis sapatriarqoebi aRiarebdnen da cnobdnen qarTuli

eklesiis VI adgils diptixSi.



1998, t. II, gv. 245

32

qarTveli episkoposebi

ferara-florenciis krebaze (1438)

XI saukuneSi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Camoyali-

bebisTanave, saqarTvelos patriarqs msoflio diptixSi

eWira VI adgili 5 patriarqis Semdeg.

marTalia, qarTul eklesiaSi miRebul diptixSi qarTv-

el patriarqs eWira VI adgili, magram scnobdnen Tu ara

amas msoflios sxva sapatriarqoebi, aRiarebdnen Tu ara

isini qarTveli mamamTavris saydars VI adgilze? Cven

dabejiTebiT unda vTqvaT, rom rogorc romis papebi,

ise aRmosavleTis 4 patriarqi scnobdnen iberiis ekle-

sias VI adgilze ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg. amas

miuTiTebs ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis diptixi.

am krebaze qarTul eklesias eWira VI adgili romis,

konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ieru-

salimis saydrebis Semdeg. es rom SemTxveviT ar iyo da

eklesiaTa adgilebis ganawilebas am krebaze sagangebo

yuradReba eqceoda, iqidanac Cans, rom cnobili rusi

kanonistebis cnobiT, florenciis krebam 1438 wels uni-

is Sesaxeb dekretSi daadgina: ̀ konstantinopolis patri-

arqi iqneba meore romis papis Semdeg, aleqsandrieli

mesame. Semdeg meoTxe antioqieli da mexuTe – ierusal-

imeli~... (a. kartaSevi, msoflio krebebi, parizi, 1963, gv. 425;

rusul enaze).

marTalia, am krebas ar gamoucia dokumenti, Tu rogor

unda ganawilebuliyo Semdegi adgilebi, radganac kreba

exeboda ara diptixis, aramed sxva sakiTxs, magram, saer-

Tod, eklesiaTa (kaTedraTa) adgilebis ganawilebas

33

Zalze didi yuradReba rom eqceoda, zemoT moyvanili

dadgenilebiTac Cans.

qarTuli, anu iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenels am

warmomadgenlobiT krebaze eWira VI adgili. 1438 wlis 5

Tebervals feraraSi gaxsnil da florenciaSi gagrZele-

bul `msoflio~ saeklesio krebas, sadac erTmaneTs Sex-

vdnen aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis warmomadgenlebi

da romlis aqtebsac aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebma xeli

moaweres, ̀ Tanabari uflebiT eswreboda iberiis mitro-

politi~ (i. tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis wignsacavebsa da

arqivebSi, I, gv. 101).

`iberiis mitropoliti ijda marTlmadidebelTa mx-

ares V adgilze konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, anti-

oqiis da ierusalimis warmomadgenlebis Semdeg. ̀ pirve-

li kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savarZeli.

patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen... ieru-

salimis patriarqis msoflio warmomadgeneli menziis

arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli iberiis

mitropoliti~ (iqve, gv. 101-102).

krebis monawileni isxdnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT:

centridan Tanabar manZilze idga ori taxti – romis im-

peratorisa da berZenTa imperatorisa. sasuliero pirebi

ganlagebulni iyvnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: erT mxares

isxdnen laTinTa warmomadgenlebi, meore mxares isxd-

nen marTlmadidebelTa warmomadgenlebi. CvenTvis sain-

tereso marTlmadidebelTa rigi iyo Semdegi saxisa: mar-

TlmadidebelTa rigSi pirvelad idga:

1. konstantinopolis patriarqis savarZeli (patriar-

qi am sxdomas ar eswreboda);

2. aleqsandriis patriarqis warmomadgeneli – ar-

qiepiskoposi;

34

3. antioqiis patriarqis warmomadgeneli – ar-

qiepiskoposi;

4. ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli – ar-

qiepiskoposi;

5. iberiis patriarqis (dokumentSia – `mefis~) warmo-

madgeneli – mitropoliti. amis Semdeg diptixis mixed-

viT isxdnen sxva marTlmadidebeli episkoposebi.

`nawyveti florenciis saeklesio krebis oqmidan ...

sasuliero pirebis ganlagebis Sesaxeb ... pirveli kardi-

nalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savarZeli (patriarqi

SeuZlod yofnis gamo im dRes krebas ver eswreboda) ...

patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebuli iyvnen – her-

akliis arqiepiskoposi, romelsac aleqsandriis patri-

arqis kanonieri mandati hqonda da misi adgili ekava;

antioqiis patriarqis mier gamogzavnili efesos ar-

qiepiskoposi; ierusalimis patriarqis warmogzavnili

menziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgene-

li – iberiis mitropoliti; amaT Semdeg isxdnen trape-

zuntis, rizes, nikeis ... arqiepiskoposebi ... mitropolitebi

... berebi, TavianTi wesis mixedviT~ (iqve, gv. 214-215).

florenciis krebaze ara marto eklesiaTa warmomad-

geneli sasuliero pirebi isxdnen `wesis~, anu diptixis

mixedviT, aramed saero pirebic aseve `wesis~ mixedviT

isxdnen.

ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebidan Cans, rom

qarTuli eklesiis VI adgili msoflio eklesiaTa rig-

Si, xolo V adgili marTlmadidebelTa rigSi aRiare-

buli da cnobili iyo rogorc romis papis, aseve msof-

lio (konstantinopolis) patriarqis da sxva aRmosav-

leTis patriarqebis mier, amitomac isini erTmaneTs ar

35

daupirispirdnen da upirobod dasves iberiis warmo-

madgeneli aRniSnul adgilze. iberiis eklesiis adgili

diptixSi ZvelTaganve cnobili iyo, amitom man am ̀ msof-

lio~ krebaze yovelgvari davis gareSe Tavisi adgili

daiWira.

XV s-is pirveli naxevris diptixi, daculi ferara-

florenciis krebaze, aseTia:

1. romis papi;

2. msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi;

3. aleqsandriis;

4. antioqiis;

5. ierusalimis;

6. iberiis;

7. trapezuntis;

8. rizes;

9. nikeis;

10. lakedemoniis;

11. nikomediis;

12. trivoniis;

13. amasiis;

14. mitilenis;

15. tolozinis;

16. stavropolis;

17. tunisis;

18. garinis;

19. melentinis;

20. aqilis;

21. muldulis _ patriarqebi da arqiepiskoposebi (iqve,

gv. 214).

marTalia, am krebaze aRniSnuli rigiT isxdnen eklesi-

is ierarqebi, magram maTgan avtokefalur eklesiad mi-

36

iCeoda mxolod 5 eklesia: konstantinopolis, aleqsan-

driis, antioqiis, ierusalimisa da iberiisa, amitom am

avtokefalur eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebs am krebaze

eWiraT gansakuTrebuli, sxvebisagan gansxvavebuli ska-

mebi krebis monawileTa pirvel rigSi; xolo iberiis

mefis elCi, romelsac agreTve trapezuntis imperatoris

mandati hqonda, papis Tanmxlebi piris pirdapir ijda

(iqve, gv. 215).

aseTi saxis iyo amJamad `msoflio~ eklesiis diptixi.

rogorc cnobilia, sazogadod iqamde da SemdgomSic mar-

Tlmadidebluri diptixidan amoiRes romis papis moxse-

nieba, magram amas araviTari gavlena ar mouxdenia qarTu-

li eklesiisaTvis kanonikurad miCneul VI adgilze. ker-

Zod, marTalia, marTlmadidebluri diptixidan gavida

romis papis moxsenieba, ramac vakanturi adgili warmoSva

adgilobrivi eklesiebis meTaurTa eqvseulSi, magram

male vakanturi adgili daiWira ruseTis eklesiam msof-

lio sapatriarqosa da sxva sapatriarqoTa gadaw-

yvetilebiT.

ferara-florenciis krebis Semdeg ̀ konstantinopolis

patriarqma genadi sxolarim (1453-1460) sxva aRmosavlel

patriarqebTan erTad scno rusuli eklesiis damoukidebe-

li arseboba da gansazRvra CaTvliliyo avtokefaluri rusu-

li mitropolia Tavisi RirsebiT ierusalimis sapatri-

arqos Semdeg, e.i. V adgilobriv marTlmadideblur ekle-

siaTa diptixSi~ (pravoslavn]q cerkovn]q calendar#, 1985, s. 3).

aqamde qarTul eklesias diptixSi adgili ierusali-

mis patriarqis Semdeg eWira, amis Semdeg ki man VI adg-

ili daiWira (ruseTis eklesiis Semdeg).

37

1589 wels, ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Semdeg,

misma patriarqma diptixSi maRali adgili daikava. ̀ roca

didma krebam 1593 wels gansazRvra moskovis sapatri-

arqos mdgomareoba, mas mieca ufro maRali adgili, vi-

dre maSin arsebul arqiepiskoposebs avtokefaluri da

TviTmmarTveli eklesiebisa – arxidiisas, kviprosisas,

iveriisas da pekiisas, magram ara aleqsandriis patri-

arqis Semdeg, rogorc surda ruseTis mefes, aramed mx-

olod ierusalimis patriarqis Semdeg, imasTan dakav-

SirebiT, rom krebis mamebma Sesabamis mimarTvaSi ganacx-

ades wmida mamaTa kanonebis Seucvleloba~ (Vklad Vselen-

skogo Patriarxa v razrabotku tem] “Diptixi”, s. 11).ioane bagrations Tavis TxzulebaSi `kalmasoba~ dac-

uli aqvs cnobebi ferara-florenciis krebaze damswre

qarTvel episkoposTa Sesaxeb. misi cnobiT, saqarTvelo-

dan krebaze damswre axtalel episkopos danielsa da

Tavad nikoloz CerqeziSvils xeli ar mouweriaT kreb-

is dadgenilebaze, `xolo imereTis episkoposman iakob

Semoqmedelman moawera xeli~ (ioane batoniSvili, xumars-

wavla, t. II, 1991, gv. 350). saerTod, ioane batoniSvilis

azriT, saberZneTidan da ruseTidan Casul samRvdeloe-

bas xeli mouweria krebis aqtebisaTvis: `moaweres xeli

berZenTa da rusTa, garna antioxiisa patriarxman ara

moawera xeli, arca qarTvelma episkoposman axtalisa-

man danielman~...83 axtalis saepiskoposo kaTedra erT-

erTi umniSvnelovanesi iyo qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi,

mdebareobda qvemo qarTlSi (amJamad somxeTis sazRvreb-

Sia), xolo ̀ imerTa episkoposi iakobi~, albaT, Semoqmede-

li episkoposi afxazeTis (`qvemo iveriis~) sakaTaliko-

sodan iyo gagzavnili ferar-florenciis krebaze. iberiis

38

mefes Tavis saxelmwifoSi Semavali orive saeklesio

erTeulis warmomadgenlebi miuvlenia krebaze.

ferara-florenciis saeklesio kreba cxadia, ar iyo

`msoflio saeklesio kreba~, magram am krebas gaaCnda

saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba, imiT, rom mas eswrebodnen

TviT msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi, bizanti-

is saimperatoro karis upirvelesi pirebi, yvela marTl-

madidebeli sapatriarqos warmomadgeneli mRvdelmTavre-

bi, msoflios sxva marTlmadidebeli, maT Soris, rusu-

li eklesiis delegatebi. saqarTvelos eklesia am kre-

baze daayenes sapatriarqo eklesiaTa rigSi. marTlma-

didebel eklesiaTa rigSi (diptixSi) misi warmomadgene-

li daayenes V adgilze, mxolod am mxriv aris es, anu

ferara-florenciis kreba CvenTvis saintereso da arav-

iTar SemTxvevaSi mas `msoflio kreba~ ar ewodeba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom sxva wyaroTa miTiTebiT, krebaze

wargzavnili iyvnen episkoposebi saqarTvelos sxva kaT-

edrebidan (episkoposi anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samo-

ciqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, 1989, gv. 232-250). kerZod, vax-

uStis cnobiT, am krebaze damswre qarTveli episkoposis

saxeli sofroni yofila, xolo TviT kreba saqarTve-

los mefe aleqsandre didis dros Catarebula (qarTlis

cxovreba, t. IV, gv. 281).


wignidan _ ̀ saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi~,

2003, t. II, gv. 290

39

damateba:

saqarTvelo ferara-florenciis

krebis epoqaSi

mefeT mefe monazoni aleqsandre didi

cnobilia, rom swored misi mefobisas Sedga kreba fe-

rara-florenciisa. es kreba viTomda saeklesio gaer-

Tianebas (erTianobis aRdgenas) isaxavda miznad. am kreba-

ze, rogorc wesi, daculi iqna diptixi. sxdomis darbazSi

erT mxares TanmimdevrobiT dasxes jer sapatriarqo

Rirsebis mqone marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa warmomadgen-

lebi, maT Semdeg ki maTze dabali rangiT mdgomi sxva mar-

Tlmadidebluri eklesiebi. sapatriarqo eklesiebis rig-

Si konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusal-

imis patriarqebis warmomadgenlebis Semdeg dasves

saqarTvelos sapatriarqo eklesiis (sabuTebSia ̀ saqarTve-

los mefis~) warmomadgenlebic. es yofila mitropoliti

sofroni, rogorc es vaxuStis Sromis Sesabamisi adgilis

SeniSvnidan Cans: `sweren xronologebisa Sina, rameTu

florenciis krebasa zeda iyo erTi mitropoliti sofron

da episkopozi erTi, welsa qristesa 1433, qarTvelni,

romelni iqnebis aleqsandres mefobis weli 19~ (qarTlis

cxovreba, IV, gv. 281, SeniSvnebi).

swored sapatriarqo Rirsebis mqoned rom miaCndaT

qarTuli eklesia, es Cans im wlebis sigelebidanac. ma-

galiTad, mefe aleqsandre xazgasmiT uwodebs Tavis drois

kaTalikosebs `patriarqebs~, xolo mcxeTas _ `sapatri-

arqo~ saydars. es kidev erTxel miuTiTebs imis Sesaxeb,

rom diptixSi saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilis gansazRvra-

40

sa da msoflios sxva eklesiaTa Soris saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis `sapatriarqo~ Rirsebis aRiarebas im dros CvenSi

mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen.

magaliTad: 1420 wlis mcxeTis sigelSi naTqvamia: `amave

Jamsa dadginda patriarqad kaTalikozi miqael~ (T. Jor-

dania, qronikebi, t. II, 1897, gv. 226).

1424 wlis sigelSia: `RvTisa saydrisa dedaqalaqisa

mcxeTisa patriarqad ganmzadebulman monazonman daviT~...

(iqve, gv. 228). 1428 wlis sigelSi mcxeTas - `sapatriarqo

saydari~ ewodeba (`saydari~ udris evropul `kaTedras~,

rusul `prestols~). `...gvemsaxura Cvensa sapatriarqosa

saydarsa deda-qalaqis mcxeTisaTvis~... (iqve, gv. 321).

es sabuTebi swored ferera-florenciis krebis samza-

disis periodSia gamocemuli. yovelive es miuTiTebs, rom

qarTuli eklesiis saerTaSoriso Rirsebis grZnoba am

droisaTvis iseve maRalia, rogorc XI-XII saukuneebSi.



1999, t. III, gv. 163

41

msjelobani diptixis sakiTxze

aRsaniSnavia, rom ruseTis eklesiam 1943 wels cno ara

mxolod qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia, agreTve sxva

mniSvnelovani uflebani qarTuli eklesiisa, kerZod

aRiara misi sapatriarqo Rirseba da VI adgili msof-

lio eklesiis marTlmadideblur diptiqSi. maSasadame,

marTlmadidebelTa ojaxSi ruseTis eklesiam qarTuli

eklesia da misi meTauri daayena iseTi udidesi eklesie-

bis win, rogorebic arian serbeTis, rumineTis, bulga-

reTis, eladis da sxva eklesiebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTu-

li eklesiis VI adgili marTlmadideblur diptiqSi

jerac ar ucvnia msoflios mraval eklesias da isini

ufro ukana adgilze ayeneben mas.

1943 wels ruseTis eklesiis mier qarTuli eklesiis

sami uflebis (avtokefalia, sapatriarqo Rirseba, adg-

ili diptiqSi) aRiareba gvafiqrebinebs, rom es moxda sa-

bWoTa saxelmwifos qarTveli meTauris nebarTviT (ig-

ulisxmeba i. stalini), romelmac swored im dros cno

ruseTis eklesiis uflebebi, misca patriarqis arCevis neba.

ruseTis eklesiam cno qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcia

saqarTvelos ssr-is teritoriaze, garda amisa, droebiT

iurisdiqciaSi gadasca somxeTis ssr-s marTlmadidebe-

li mosaxleoba.

amis Semdeg TiTqmis kidev 50 weli dasWirda imas, rom

msoflio marTlmadideblur centrebs, konstantinopol-

sa da sxvebs ecnoT qarTuli eklesiis uflebani. kerZod,

1990 wlis 25 ianvars konstantinopolis msoflio patri-

arqma gamosca sigeli qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis

cnobis Sesaxeb, imave wlis 3 marts ki manve gamosca gan-

42

Cineba saqarTvelos eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis cno-

bis Sesaxeb, saidanac gamomdinareobda eklesiis meTau-

ris (patriarqis) titulis cnoba.

* * *

aRsaydrebis Semdeg konstantinopolis sapatriarqo-

Si oficialuri vizitisas, 1979 wlis maisSi, wmida sino-

dis winaSe ilia II-m daayena sami sakiTxi: aRiarebuli

yofiliyo saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia, aRiare-

buli yofiliyo misi meTauris sapatriarqo tituli,

mikuTvneboda qarTul eklesias kuTvnili VI adgili mar-

Tlmadideblur diptiqSi. `Cemi azriT _ ganacxada ilia

II-m, _ konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqom ar unda

dauSvas, rom uZvelesi qarTuli marTlmadidebeli ek-

lesia daayenos axali eklesiebis gverdiT, Cven gvinda

aRvadginoT winandeli mdgomareoba, romelic samwux-

arod, davkargeT 1811 wels~.

konstantinopolis eklesiam istoriuli dokumente-

bi moiTxova saamisod. qalkedonis mitropolitma meli-

tonma ganacxada: ̀ Cveni eklesiis sinodi am sakiTxs dadeb-

iTad gadaWris, mxolod Cven gvWirdeba dasabuTebuli

istoriuli masalebi saqarTvelos eklesiis Sesaxeb, rom

es sakiTxi gadaiWras umokles xanSi~ (`jvari vazisa~, 1979,

#2, gv. 11). uwmidesma saqarTveloSi Camosvlis Semdgom

wlebis manZilze gaaCaRa muSaoba qarTuli eklesiis is-

toriuli sabuTebis mosapoveblad, dagvavala Cven, wmida

sinodis wevrebs, qarTvel mecnierebs, moRvaweebs,

muSakebs, yvelas, visac ki Sexeba hqonda aRniSnul sak-

iTxTan, wvlili Seetana am saqmeSi. Seikriba dokument-

43

ebi, iTargmna ucxo enebze. 1982 wlis 3 ivliss misma uw-

midesobam oficialuri werilebiT mimarTa yvela mar-

Tlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurs wmida sinodis sax-

eliT: maTSi gadmocemuli iyo qarTuli eklesiis mok-

le istoria, dokumentebis darTviT, romlidanac aSkar-

ad dasturdeboda qarTuli eklesiis uZvelesi avtoke-

falia, misi meTauris sapatriarqo tituli da VI adg-

ili diptiqSi.

* * *

samwuxarod, am droisaTvis ar iqna ganxiluli qarTu-

li eklesiis adgilis sakiTxi marTlmadideblur dip-

tiqSi. diptiqis sakiTxi aris urTulesi da exeba eklesi-

aTa Rirsebas. magaliTad, serbeTis, rumineTisa da bul-

gareTis eklesiebs konstantinopolis sapatriarqom

oficialurad ufro adre mianiWa avtokefalia da sapa-

triarqo Rirseba vidre saqarTvelos eklesias, amitom

konstantinopolis diptiqSi isini ixseniebian sapatri-

arqo eklesiaTa rigSi ruseTis eklesiis Semdeg, Sesa-

bamisad VI, VII da VIII adgilebze. radganac qarTuli ek-

lesiis ufleba SemdegSi iqna cnobili, maTi TvalsazrisiT

igi unda Cadges maT ukan, e.i. IX adgilze, rac cxadia,

miuRebelia CvenTvis. ase, rom sakiTxi sadavoa. am sak-

iTxis gadaWras saeklesio sabuTebis moSveliebiT cdi-

loben msoflios eklesiebi.

msoflio marTlmadidebluri eklesiebi emzadebian ax-

ali msoflio saeklesio krebis Casatareblad. cnobil-

ia, rom bolo msoflio kreba Catarda aTasze meti wlis

win. amis Semdeg msoflio marTlmadideblobas daugrov-

44

da mravali sakiTxi, romelTa gadaWracaa saWiro. gada-

wyda, msoflio krebis win Catardes wina mosamzadebeli

TaTbirebi. ukve Catarda ramdenime TaTbiri, romlebzec

dadginda, rom momavali msoflio krebis dRis wesrigSi

Seitanon sul 10 sakiTxi, maT Soris iseTebisa, rogori-

caa marxvis, kalendris, aRdgomis erT dRes dResaswau-

lis, diptiqis, avtokefaliis, diasporisa da sxva sakiTx-

ebi. msoflio marTlmadideblur eklesiebs surT, kre-

bamde ganixilon da Seiswavlon yvela sakiTxi, miaRwion

srul Tanxmobas yvela sakiTxze, radganac Tu Seu-

Tanxmebel sakiTxebs gaitanen msoflio krebaze gansax-

ilvelad, SeiZleba aman gamoiwvios kamaTi da uTanxmoe-

ba, msoflio kreba iqceva ara erTobis, aramed ganyofis

krebad, rac dauSvebelia. amitom sakiTxs diptiqisa,

romelic daudgenelia qarTuli eklesiis mimarT, msof-

lio eklesiebi swavloben. am sakiTxze TavianTi azri

gamoTqves ruseTis, eladis, konstantinopolis da sxva

eklesiebma TavianT `TemebSi diptiqis Sesaxeb~. maTze

dayrdnobiTa da sxva wyaroebis monacemebiT Cems mier

momzadebuli Tema `marTlmadideblur diptiqSi qarTu-

li eklesiis adgilis Sesaxeb~ ukve gamoqveynebulia.

statia amoRebulia mitropolit anania jafariZis wignidan

_ saqarTvelos dedaeklesia, 2006, t. 12, gv. 268, 272, 275

45

qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani diptixi

(jdomisa da dgomis wesi) (q. c., I, gv. 147)

qarTul eklesiaSi episkoposebi wirva-locvis Tu

darbazobis dros isxdnen saepiskoposoebis Rirsebis

mixedviT. amis Sesaxeb daculia cnobebi uZvelesi droidan

vidre XVIII saukunis CaTvliT.

darbazobis Tu romelime ceremonialis dros

mRvdelmTavrebi _ `arian mdgomareni: ...TvisTa xarisx-

Ta Sina... viTarca-igi ganwesebul ars samRvdeloTa

dasTaTvis~.

samRvdelo dass hqonia Tavisi `ganweseba~, romlis

Tanaxmad, Tavisi xarisxis Sesabamisad unda dadges

mRvdelmTavari, da ara marto mRvdelmTavari, aramed

TavianTi ganweseba aqvT samRvdeloebas _ `dekanozebs,

kandelakebs da krebuls~.

diptixs ZvelqarTulad ewodeboda _ `samRvdeloTa

dasTa wyobileba~, an `wesdeba da garigeba~ da aseve

`zeviT da qveviT dgomis wesi~.

`samRvdeloTa dasTa wyobileba~ erTiani saqarTve-

los saxelmwifos arsebobis dros sxvagvari yofila,

xolo samefos daSlis Semdeg `samRvdeloTa dasTa wes-

deba da garigeba~ Secvlila. diptixSi Zveli wesebis Secv-

la gamouwvevia imasac, rom axali saepiskoposoebi gaCe-

nila, xolo zogierTi Zveli gamqrala. am mdgomareobas

gamouwvevia diptixis aSla da amis gamo _ ̀ zeviT da qve-

moT dgomaze mravali cileba da ganxeTqileba ars

mRvdelmTavarTa, arximandritTa, protopapTa da sam-

RudeloTa dasTa Soris~ (samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II. gv. 537).

46

erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos arsebobis dros

diptixis rigi mtkiced yofila gansazRvruli da aRwer-

ilia rogorc samefo matianeebSi, aseve saeklesio

sabuTebSi _ `...odes saqarTuelo iyo sruliad erTsame-

fo, maSin samRudeloTa dasTa wyobileba da xarisxni

iyunen sruliad mis-missa xarisxsa Sina wesdgomiT, viTa

ixilvebis qarTlis aRwerisa matianesa Sina da egreTve

mcxeTisa werilsa Sina xucursa~ (iqve, gv. 537).

saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis Semdgom

diptixis, anu wesdgomis rigic Seicvala _ `xolo odes

saqarTvelo ganiyo da sam sameufod gansqda: qarTlad,

kaxeTad da imereTad da agreTve xuT samTavrod, e.i. saa-

Tabagod, sadadianod, sagurielod, saafxazod da sasv-

aneTod, maSin yovelTave mefeTaca da mTavarTaca Tvis

Tvisad sardrebi ganiweses... egreTve didebismoyuarebi-

saTvis romelTame axalni episkoposni dasxes, romelime

saepiskoposo avis drosagan moiSala, romelime damd-

ablda, romelime amaRlda da arRara ars adrindeli

wesdeba da garigeba~... (iqve, gv. 537).

samRvdeloTa dasTa Zveli wesdebisa da garigebis

moSlis gamo, rogorc aRvniSneT, eklesiaSi arev-dareva

Seqmnila.

qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi erT-erTi samgloviaro cer-

emoniis dros, XVIII saukuneSi, `samRvdelo dasTaTvis

ganweseba da dawyobileba~ ase yofila gansazRvruli cer-

emonmaistris mier _ `uwmidesi kaTalikos-patriarxi,

piruelni mitropolitni, arxiepiskoposni, episkoposni,

pirvelni arximandritni... xolo Semdgomad sxvani

mRudelni, viTa maTni mRudelmTavarni iyunen mdgomar-

eni, egreT maTni dekanosni, kandelakni da krebulni

47

iyunen mdgomni TvisTa xarisxTa Sina. egreT hsdgen viTa

igi ganwesebul ars werilTa Sina samRudeloTa

dasTaTvis~ (iqve, gv. 536-537).

dokumentSi, romelsac ewodeba `kurTxeva mironisa~

da romelsac XIII saukuniT aTariReben, saqarTvelos (Cans

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos) mRvdelmTavrebi darbazobis

dros sxdebodnen Semdegi saxiT _ `gangeba darbazobisa

_ raJams ikurTxos mefe da dajdes taxtsa zeda, efisko-

posni am wesiTa dasxden:

1. brZanos qarTlisa kaTalikozman da dajdes marjuen-

iT mefisa, taxtsa zeda mokidebiT, natiTa da baliSiTa;

2. Semovides Wyondideli da dajdes marcxeniT mefisa,

natiTa da baliSiTa;

3. Semovides didisa somxeTisa mitropoliti da da-

jdes kaTalikozisa quemoT, natiTa da baliSiTa;

4. Semovides mTavarefiskopozi da dajdes mitro-

politsa quemoT, natiTa, ubaliSod;

5. Semovides mawyuereli da dajdes mTavarefiskopozsa

quemoT, natiTa, ubaliSod;

6. Semovides amba alaverdeli da dajdes Wyondidel-

sa quemoT natiTa, ubaliSod;

7. Semovides qisiyeli da dajdes amba alaverdelsa

quemoT unatod;

8. Semovides kumurdoeli da dajdes qisiyelsa quemoT;

9. Semovides ninowmideli arqimandriti da dajdes

qisiyelsa quemoT;

10. Semovides iSxneli da dajdes kumurdoelsa quemoT;

11. Semovides anCeli arqimandriti da dajdes ninow-

midelsa quemoT;

12. Semovides mtbevari da dajdes anCelsa quemoT;

48

13. Semovides wurwyabeli da dajdes mtbevarsa quemoT;

14. Semovides wyarosTveli da dajdes wurwyabelsa

quemoT;

15. Semovides eruSneli da dajdes wyarosTvelsa quemoT;

16. Semovides mangleli da dajdes eruSnelsa quemoT;

17. Semovides winwyaroeli da dajdes manglelsa quemoT;

18. Semovides rusTveli da dajdes winwyaroelsa quemoT;

19. Semovides wilkneli da dajdes rusTvelsa quemoT;

20. Semovides kawareli da dajdes wilknelsa quemoT;

21. Semovides urbneli da dajdes kawarelsa quemoT;

22. Semovides mrueli da dajdes urbnelsa quemoT;

23. Semovides samTavneli da dajdes mruelsa quemoT;

24. Semovides niqozeli da dajdes samTavnelsa quemoT;

25. Semovides valaSkerteli da dajdes niqozelsa quemoT;

26. Semovides bolneli mamaTmTavari da dajdes val-

aSkertelsa quemoT;

27. Semovides kareli mamamTavari da dajdes bolnelsa

quemoT;

28. Semovides xarWaSneli da dajdes karelsa quemoT;

29. Semovides tfileli da dajdes xarWaSnelsa quemoT;

30. Semovides walkeli da dajdes tfililsa quemoT;

31. Semovides baneli da dajdes walkelsa quemoT;

32. Semovides Werem-qalaqeli da dajdes banelsa quemoT;

33. Semovides dmaneli da dajdes Werem-qalaqelsa

quemoT;

34. Semovides dadaSneli da dajdes dmanelsa quemoT;

35. Semovides giSeli da dajdes dadaSnelsa quemoT.

modgnen yovelTa monasterTa moZRuarni da winamZRu-

arni da maTiTa wesiTa winamoisxdnen efiskoposTa~ (sa-

marTlis Zeglebi, t. II, gv. 47-49).

49

aqedan Cans, rom darbazobisa da sxva oficialuri

Sekrebis dros episkoposebi sxdebodnen sagangebo wes-

iT, maTi kaTedrebis Rirsebis mixedviT. imave Sekrebis

dros samRvdeloebac sagangebo wesis mixedviT sxdebo-

da Tav-Tavisi episkoposebis win _ TavianTi wodebisa da

Rirsebis mixedviT.

es dokumenti, rogorc sxvagan gvqonda aRniSnuli,

xelT hqoniaT erekle II-sa da kaTalikos antons da amis

mixedviT ganusazRvravT ninowmidelis pativi da adgili.

es dokumenti ereklesa da antons miaCndaT im Zvel dros

Sedgenilad, roca qalaqi tfilisi ar iyo samefo, anu

sataxto qalaqi, aramed _ nisani da quTaTisi, amis gamoo,

_ weren isini, _ Tbileli episkoposis pativi da Rirseba

SedarebiT mcirea da is dgas episkoposTa rigis bolo-

Sio~ (samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II, gv. 401).

am dokumentis gadamwers erT-erT mTavar nusxaSi amba

alaverdelis gaswvriv marcxena kideze miuweria _ `Se-

movides cixe-gojeli da dajdes bediels quemoT~ (iqve,

gv. 48). bolneli mamamTavris gaswvriv marjvena kideze

gadamwers miuweria _ ̀ Semovides aneli da dajdes bol-

nelsa quemoT~ (iqve, gv. 49).

minaweridan _ `Semovides cixe-gojeli da dajdes be-

diels quemoT,~ Cans, rom arsebula ara marto aRmosav-

leT saqarTvelos episkoposTa pativisa da Rirsebis

adgilis ganweseba, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos, anu

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos `wesdgoma~.

motanili nawyvetidan Cans, rom pativiT cixe-gojeli

ufro qvemoT dgas bedielze.

saerTod, aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos erTiani

saxelmwifos arsebobisas darbazobis dros mefis mar-

50

jvniv isxdnen, anda idgnen qarTlis sakaTalikosos

episkoposebi, xolo mefis marcxniv afxazeTis sakaTali-

kosos episkoposebi. amaze migviTiTebs sabuTi _ ̀ wesi da

gangeba mefed kurTxevisa~, romelsac XIII saukuniT aTar-

iReben. aq aRniSnulia _ `marjuene xeli kaTalikozTa

eWiros, xolo marcxene xeli afxazeTisa kaTalikozsa~...

(iqve, gv. 53). e.i. mefis marjvniv qarTlis kaTalikosi dgas,

xolo marcxniv _ afxazeTis kaTalikosi. im SemTxvevaSi,

Tu afxazeTis kaTalikosi ar eswreboda mefis kurTxe-

vas, misi adgili mefis marcxniv SeeZlo daeWira Wyon-

didels mTavarepiskoposs anda iSxnels, ceremoniis moTx-

ovnilebaTa mixedviT. mefis daburvis Rirseba mefis

kurTxvis dros hqonia afxazeTis kaTalikoss, an mTavar-

episkoposs. xolo qarTl-kaxeTis samefos bolo wlebSi

samRvdeloeba ceremoniis dros orad iyofoda _ mar-

jvniv mcxeTis samRvdeloeba dgeboda, xolo marcxniv

alaverdis samRvdeloeba. e.i. qarTlisa da kaxeTisa. _

`...marjueniT mcxeTisa, xolo marcxeniT alaverdisa~...

(samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II, gv. 536).

mefis marcxniv adgili Zveli erTianobis dros afx-

azeTis sakaTalikosos episkoposebs unda daeWiraT, ma-

gram samefos daSlis Semdeg marcxena adgili alaver-

delma episkoposma daiWira.

1745 wels Teimurazis mefed kurTxevis dros, darba-

zobisas, mefis marjvniv dajda saqarTvelos kaTalikos-

patriarqi _ `xolo vinaiTgan arca samegreloisa da im-

eriTisa episkopozni arcaRa mesxni iyunes mun, sxvadasx-

vaTa mier mizezTa, da saydarica somxiTisa mitropoli-

tisa moSlil iyo Zveladve, da ganeCinaT yoveli pativi

somxiTis mitropolitisa amba-alaverdelisad, dajda

51

marcxeniT mefisa amba alaverdeli... somxiTisa mitro-

politisa pativisa Rirsqmnili mefisa leon I-is mier,

adgilsa Wyondidelisasa, marcxeniT mefisa~ (iqve, gv. 400).

e.i. leon I-is dros amba alaverdelma miiRo somxeTis

mitropolitis pativi, xolo darbazobis dros mieniWa

Rirseba Wyondidelis adgilze jdomisa _ mefis marcxniv.

sanam ganvixilavdeT mefis marcxniv ̀ afxazeTis sakaTa-

likosos~ episkoposebis `wesdgomas~, manamde unda iTq-

vas, rom erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos Seqmnis Semdgom,

XI saukunidan, saqarTvelos patriarqi (anu rac igivea _

qarTlis kaTalikosi), afxazeTis kaTalikosi, Wyondide-

li da moZRvarT-moZRvari xdebian saxelmwifos moxelee-

bi, isini Sedian umaRles sakanonmdeblo sabWoSi, romel-

Sic mefesTan erTad Sedioda agreTve sami veziri.

`darbazis kari~ Sedgeboda òTxi berisagan~ da `sami

vezirisagan~. òTxi beri~ arian:

1. moZRvarT-moZRvari;

2. patriarqi;

3. afxazeTis kaTalikosi;

4. Wyondideli.

`sami veziri~ arian:

1. aTabagi (mogvianebiT, manamde, albaT, sxva saxeli

iyo);

2. amirspasalari;

3. mandaturT-uxucesi.

`...darbaziT aTqs oTxTave: moZRvarT-moZRvarsa, kaTa-

likozTa, Wyondidelsa da samTave vezirTa: aTabagsa,

amir-spasalarsa da mandaturT-uxucessa~ (iqve, gv. 90).

àmirejibi _ kaTalikozTa, moZRvarT-moZRvarsa, Wy-

ondidelsa _ amaT win tablas dasdgamen... es oTxive adge-

52

bian... aTabagsa, amir-spasalarsa da mandaturT-uxucessa

tabaks ejibi daudgams, adgebian. gamgeT-uxucesi monazonT

oTxTave sam-samis jamiT, egreTve samTa vezirTa iTva-

lavs~... (samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II, gv. 93).

darbazis kari _ umaRlesi saxelmwifo organo _ Sedgeba

oTxi monazonisagan, anu oTxi berisagan da sami vezirisagan.

`oTxi berisagan~ Seqmnili sabWo, romelic arsebobda

mefesTan, Cans, warmoadgenda qarTuli eklesiis sinods,

radganac darbazis kars ufleba hqonda mieca kanoni ek-

lesiebisaTvis _ `kanons darbazis kariT miiRebdnen~ ek-

lesia-monastrebio, _ weria erT dokumentSi. Semdeg

saukuneTa dokumentebSic es oTxi beri, anu oTxi mona-

zoni moCans.

darbazobis dros moZRvarT-moZRvari mefis marjvniv

dgeboda, an jdeboda. moZRvarT-moZRvari Zalze sapatio

monazonia. mas mefe darbazobis dros ufro meti pativiT

xvdeboda, vidre kaTalikosebsa da Wyondidels. mefe

noxispirze miegebeboda moZRvarT-moZRvars, e.i. mis win

dafenil noxs mefe mTlianad gaivlida, xolo kaTali-

kosebisa da Wyondidelis misalmebis dros mefes sur-

vilisamebr SeeZlo gaevlo noxis mesamedi, anda saer-

Tod ar gaevlo, adgilzeve darCeniliyo. aseTive wesiT

egebeboda mefe samive vezirsac, e.i. moZRvarT-moZRvris

pativi aRemateboda, rogorc darCenili monazvnebis, aseve

samive veziris pativsac.

`moZRvarT-moZRvari Sevides da eTayvanos mefesa da

merme mefeca eTayvanos... mefe noxTa pirsa moegebeis da

moesalmos: ̀ moaxsne~, brZanoso. wavides [moZRvarT-moZR-

vari] da marjveniT gardadges axlo... kaTalikozi, romel-

ic movides egreTve eTayvanos... gina noxsa zeda mesamedi

53

warmoiaros da miTve wesiTa Wyondidelsa da samTa

vezirTa awvios~ (iqve, gv. 90).

mefesTan darbazis karis Sekrebis dros mefis marjvniv

adgils iWeren mwignobarTuxucesi da qarTlis kaTali-

kosi, xolo mefis marcxniv _ Wyondideli da afxazeTis

kaTalikosi. xolo darbazobis dros mefis marjvniv

qarTlis kaTalikosis qvemoT sxdebian aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos episkoposebi Tavisi wesis mixedviT, xolo

mefis marcxniv afxazeTis kaTalikosis qvemoT sxdebian

dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebi.

moZRvarT-moZRvris pativis gadidebiT odnav Semcir-

ebulia saqarTvelos patriarqis (qarTlis kaTaliko-

sis) pativi, xolo Wyondidelis pativis gadidebiT Sem-

cirebulia afxazeTis kaTalikosis pativi, anu eklesiis

TviTmmarTveloba SezRudulia saxelmwifos mier. Sei-

Zleba vivaraudoT, rom saeklesio kanonmdebelia ara

patriarqi, aramed oTxi berisagan Seqmnili sabWo, romel-

ic darbazis karze arsebobs.

dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTedraTa Soris erT-erTi

sapatio yofila quTaTelis kaTedra. quTaTelis pativi

iseTive yofila, rogoric iSxnelisa. Tu ra didi iyo

iSxnelis pativi, iqidanac Cans, rom darbazobis dros

iSxnelis misalmebisas mefe or-sam nabijs gadadgamda,

xolo sxva episkoposTa misalmebisas adgilidanac ar

daiZvroda _ `ra sworad episkoposni mividnen imieriT:

iSxneli, mawyvereli, anCeli, mtbevari da golgoTeli,

maT rai eTayvanen... iSxnelisaTvis ufro mdablad da ori

anu sami biji warmoiaros da miesalmos; da am sxuaTaTvis

sworad nu daiZvris~ (iqve, gv. 91).

54

iSxnelisa da quTaTelis pativi Tanabari yofila _

`da miT erTob sabatio aris [quTaTeli] da iSxnelis

swori pativi marTebs~ (iqve, gv. 91), e.i. quTaTelis mis-

almebis drosac mefe or-sam nabijs warmodgamda.

didi pativi hqonia agreTve bediis episkopossac, rad-

ganac `...bedieli mosaflavea [mefisa] da quTaTeli

[makurTxevelica] da mesaflavec aris~ (iqve, gv. 91).

aqedan Cans, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposeb-

is `wesdgoma~ iqneboda aseTi saxisa:

1. mefis marcxniv dgeboda afxazeTis, anu biWvinTis kaTa-

likosi;

2. mefis marcxniTve iyo adgili Wyondidelisa, magram

ara afxazeTis kaTalikosis qvemoT, aramed mis gverdiT.

maTi pativi Tanabari iqneboda, radganac Wyondideli me-

fis moxelea _ `Wyondideli mama ars mefisa~ (iqve, gv. 95);

3. afxazeTis kaTalikosis qvemoT adgili ekuTvnoda

quTaTel episkoposs, radganac dasavleT saqarTvelos

kaTedraTa Soris mxolod quTaisis taZarSi akurTxebd-

nen mefes. quTaisis taZarSi inaxeboda mefis skiptra da

gvirgvini. ̀ ...[quTaTelis saydarsa Sina] mefeni dailocvi-

an... quTaTelman ase Tqua, Tu: `aw, orjer-samjer Cems

saydarsa Sigan orni mefeni dalocvilan da ar memarTle-

bi, gvirgvini anu skiptra Cems saydarsa Sigan ar dasd-

va~. da merme vezirT da erTobilT laSqarTa Tqves Tu

`quTaTeli umarTlea~ da skiptra quTaTels gauCines~...

(iqve, gv. 91).

4. quTaTeli episkoposis qvemoT adgili ekuTvnoda

bediel episkoposs, radganac `...bedieli mosaflavea [me-

fisa]... didi giorgi, romelman basili berZenTa mefe gaaq-

cia misisa [bedielis] saydarsa Sigan ars~... (iqve, gv. 91).

55

5. Cans, erT dros bedielis qvemoT adgili eWira cixe-

gojel episkoposs, amaze gvaqvs pirdapiri miTiTeba _

`Semovides cixe-gojeli da dajdes bediels quemoT~ (iqve,

gv. 48. SeniSvna I). danarCeni dasavleT saqarTvelos episko-

posebis adgilis gansazRvra darbazobis dros Znelia.

maSasadame, afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi ̀ wesdgoma~ ase-

Ti unda yofiliyo:

1. afxazeTis kaTalikosi;

2. Wyondideli;

3. quTaTeli;

4. bedieli;

5. cixe-gojeli...

erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlis Semdgom

didi pativi mieca alaverdis saepiskoposo kaTedras,

gansakuTrebiT erekle II-is dros.

`q. Cuen, sruliad saqarTvelos mefeman iraklim ese

ganaCeni davdeviT am rigaT: Zveladganve CvenTa Camomav-

lobaTa mier maTi yovlad samRvdelooba arxiepizko-

pozi alaverdisa didad gapatiosnebuli aris sxvaTa

saqarTveloTa yovlad samRvdeloTa zeda da umetesi

pativi miscemies~ (iqve, gv. 415).

erekle II-m gazarda aseve ninowmideli episkoposis

adgili da pativi.

erekle II-is dros saqarTvelos eklesiis Sina dip-

tixi aseTi iyo (aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi):

1. `zemoisa saqarTveloisa mamaTmTavari kaTalikos-

patriarxi~;

2. arqiepiskoposi amba-alaverdeli _ somxiTisa mit-

ropoliti;

3. mitropoliti qisiyeli;

56

4. mitropoliti Tbileli;

5. mitropoliti ninowmideli;

6. mangleli;

7. rusTveli;

8. wilkneli;

9. kawareli, urbneli, mroveli, nekreseli, samTavne-

li, niqozeli, bolneli, xarWaSneli, walkeli, dmaneli,

giSeli _ moSlili saepiskoposoebi.

erekle II ninowmidelis adgils 1749 wlis dokumentiT

sazRvravs Tbilelis qvemoT _ `amisaTvis, Semdgomad

qisiyelisa da tfilelisa mitropolitTa aqvndes adgili

mitropolitobiT mieriTagan yovelTa yovlad-samRude-

loTa ninowmidelTa~... (samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II, gv. 401).

`...miveciT ninowmidelsa mRudelmTavarsa adgili kre-

basa Sina dgomisa anu jdomisa, uzemoes manglelisa,

rusTvelisa da walkelisa da Tu same iqmnes ganaxleba

kawarelisa... urbnelisa da mrovelisa, nekreselisa,

samTavnelisa, niqozelisa... bolnelisa... xarWaSnelisa-

ca... walkelisaca da dmanelisa... giSelisaca... TviT

Tbilelisaca uzemoes aqunda adgili krebasa Sina yov-

lad-samRudelosa ninowmidelsa, viTar igi weril ars

ganCinebasa Sina mefeTa gvirgvinosan-yofiTa da darba-

zobisaTa... samefo qalaqi ara iyo Tbilisi droTa mas

Sina, aramed nisani da quTaTisi... papaman Cuenman irakli

pirvelman... tfileli episkopozi... mitropolit hyo...

eseve saydari samitropolito tfilelisa Rirsad... qvemo

qisiyelis mitropolitisa saydrisa, vqmeniT ara ugange-

bod. amisTvis, Semdgomad qisiyelisa da tfilelisa mit-

ropolitTa aqvndes adgili mitropolitobiT... ninow-

midelTa~... (iqve, gv. 401).

57

aqedan Cans, rom ereklesa da antonis ganCinebiT, erT

dros ninowmidelis adgili TviT Tbilelis maRla yofi-

la, rac imiT yofila gamowveuli, rom Tbilisi Zveli

darbazobis ganCinebis dros samefo qalaqi ar yofila.

Semdgom, roca tfilisi dedaqalaqi gamxdara, Teimuraz

II-s TbilelisaTvis miuniWebia mitropolitobis pativi

da darbazobis dros TbilelisaTvis ganuCeniaT adgili

_ `qvemo qisiyelisa~, e.i. qisiyelis qvemoT dajdeboda

Tbileli, xolo ninowmidels adgili ganusazRvres

qisiyelisa da Tbilelis qvemoT.



1998, t. II, gv. 250

58

dokumenturi masalebi

diptixSi VI adgilis Sesaxeb

ucxouri wyaroebi

59

ACTA SACRA OECUMENICI CONCILIIFLORENTINI1

Disputationes, seu Collationes inter Latinos, et Graecos. In-generali Concilio Florentino habitae, et ab Andrea de S. CrucePatricio Romano, et Apostolici Consistorij Advocato conscriptaein modum Dialogicum Ludovico Pontano.

Ludovico: Quis locus fuerat Graecorum Imperatoris?Andreas: Insinistra parte de directo Cathedrae Imperatoris

Romanorum pariformiter constituta sedes est, ad eius dexteramscabello quodam posito erat Demetrius eiusdem Imperatorisgermanus, Despotus Moreae.

Ludovico: Prosequere Clericorum ordinem?Andreas: In oppositum primi Cardinalis sedes Patriarchae

fuerat constituta, qui infirmitate detentus non, adfuit illo die, etspeciale misit mandatum, quod publice lectum extitit, ut inferi-us de verbo ad verbum interseram; in quatuor scabellis postPatriarcham dispositis sequebantur Archiepiscopus Heracleen-sis, Alexandrini Patriarchae legitimum mandatum habens, eiu-que locum tenens, Archiepiscopus Ephesinus Patriarchae Anti-ocheni Legatus, Archiepiscopus Menesiensis Ierosolymitani Pa-triarchae personam repraesentans et Metropolita YberiusRegis Yberiae Apocrisarius, Archiepiscopus Trapesuntae,Archiepiscopus Risicu, Archiepiscopus Nicaenus, Archiepisco-pus Lacedemoniesnsis, Archiepiscopus Nicomediensis, Archi-episcopus Triuoniensis, Amasiensis, Mitilenensis, Toloson, Stau-ropol, Tustricensis, Garinensis, Mellentenensis, Achiliensis, Mul-dulanus Archiepiscopi. Post quorum consessum erant sex, Pres-byterorum habitum gerentes, Metropolitae Ecclesiae Constanti-nopolitanae, Cruciseri appellati eo, quod Crucem supra pileum,

60

ultra communem Presbyterorum habitum, gestabant; et Mona-chorum venerabilis comitiua suo ordine saquebatur.

Ludovico: Quis habitus Patriarchae, aliorumve Archiepisco-porum fuerat?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ludovico: Sed Imperatori non aderant aliqui ex secularibus?Andreas: Seculares quidam Graecorum propre Imperatoris

tribunal in scamno quodam propre terram consederant, in op-positum assistentium summo Pontifici; primus Despotus Servi-ae, et Nobilis quidam Imperatoris Trapezundae mandatum ha-bens; Quidamve Regis Iberiae Orator, habitu ab alijs differens,bireto rotundo lapidibus pluribus exornato, aurove contexto, acduo Apocrisarij Principis Valachiae.

Ludovico: Sed quis erat secularium apparatus?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1 A c t a Sacri Oecumenici Concilii Florentini ab Horatio

Iustiniano. Bibliothecae Vaticanae Custode Primario, Collecta,Disposita, Illustrata, Romae, MDCXXXVIII.

i. tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da

wingsacavebSi, gv. 280-281.

qarTvelTa monawileoba ferara-florenciis

msoflio saeklesio krebaze

61

nawyveti florenciis wminda msoflio

saeklesio krebis oqmidan1

`saubari da kamaTi laTinelebsa da berZnebs Soris flo-

renciis msoflio saeklesio krebaze. samociqulo konsistori-

is romis patriciasa da advokats andrea di santa kroCes

saubari ludoviko pontanosTan, Canaweri dialogis saxiT.

ludoviko: krebis dros sad ijda berZenTa imperatori?

andrea: centridan marcxniv idga taxti iseTive, rogoric

romis imperatoris kaTedra iyo. misgan marjvniv skamze ijda

imperatoris Zma dimitri _ moreis2 mTavari.

ludoviko: ganagrZe saubari sasuliero pirebis ganlage-

bis Sesaxeb.

andrea: pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis

savarZeli. patriarqi SeuZlod yofnis gamo im dRes krebas

ver eswreboda. man gamogzavna specialuri mimarTva, romel-

ic sajarod waikiTxes. qvemoT sityvasityviT mogaxsenebT am

mimarTvis Sinaarss.

patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebuli iyvnen: herak-

liis arqiepiskoposi (romelsac aleqsandriis patriarqis

kanonieri mandati hqonda da misi adgili ekava), antioqiis

patriarqis mier gamogzavnili _ efesiis arqiepiskoposi, ieru-

salimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ meneziis arqiepisko-

posi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli _ iberiis mit-

ropoliti3.

amaT Semdeg isxdnen trapezuntis, rizes, nikeis, lakedemo-

niis, nikomediis, trivoniis, amasiis, mitilenis, tolozinos,

stavropolis4, tustricis, garinis, melentenis, aqilis, mul-

dulis arqiepiskoposebi.

Semdeg modiodnen: eqvsi presviterianuli wodebis mqone

62

pirovneba, konstantinopolis eklesiis mitropolitebi _

jvarosnebad wodebulni, vinaidan maT Tavsamkaulze Cveulebrivi

mRvdlebisagan gansxvavebiT jvris niSani hqondaT. maT Semdeg

ganlagebulni iyvnen RirsSesaniSnavi berebi, TavianTi wesis

mixedviT~.

ludovikos Semdegi SekiTxva exeba patriarqebisa da ar-

qiepiskoposebis Cacmulobas. andrea aRuwers mas am Cacmu-

lobas.

`ludoviko: imperators ar axldnen saero pirebi?

andrea: imperatoris savarZlis gverdiT skamze ijda ram-

denime saero piri. papis5 Tanmxlebi pirebis pirdapir isxd-

nen: serbiis mTavari, trapezuntis imperatoris mandatis mqone,

iberiis mefis elCi6 (romelic yvelasagan gansxvavdeboda Tavi-

si CacmulobiT, mravali Zvirfasi qviT Semkuli mrgvali oqro-

qsovili qudiT) da valaxiis batonis ori warmomadgeneli~.

Semdeg ludoviko ekiTxeba saero pirTa Cacmulobis Sesaxeb

da andrea saTanado pasuxs aZlevs7.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1 Acta Sacri Oecumenici Concilii Florentini ab Horatio Iustiniano. Biblio-

thecae Vaticanae Custode Primario. Collecta, Disposita, Illustrata, Romae,MDCXXXVIII, pp. 68-73.

2 morei _ laTinelebma dapyrobis Semdeg (1205 w.) mas daarqves

peloponesi. moreis samTavrom iarseba 1430 wlamde.

3 xazi Cemia. am dros saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi iyo dav-

iT III gobelaZe (1435-1439 ww.).

4 dRes yara-su TurqeTSi.

5 am dros romis papi iyo evgenius IV (1431-1447 ww.).

6 xazi Cemia.

7 am `aqtebSi~ saqarTvelo (iberia) sam adgilasaa moxseniebuli.

i. tabaRua, saq. evropis arqivebsa da wingsacavebSi, gv. 214-215.

63

diasporas sakiTxebi

64

qarTuli saeklesio diaspora ucxoeTSi

samwuxarod, amJamad iseve, rogorc Zvelad, CvenSi Se-

qmnili viTarebis gamo mravalma qarTvelma miaSura ucx-

oeTs. maT ar unda gawyviton kavSiri deda eklesiasTan,

TavianTi Tavi mxolod qarTuli eklesiis mrevlad, mis

wevrebad unda CaTvalon.

warRvnis Semdgom ufalma RmerTma dedamiwaze sxva-

dasxva erebis warmoqmna ineba. Cveni macxovris ieso

qristes amaRlebis Semdgom suliwmidis madliT mo-

ciqulebs mieniWaT niWi sxvadasxva erebis enebze

ametyvelebisa. msoflio marTlmadidebloba pativs scems

yvela xalxis erovnul niSan-Tvisebebs, amitomac marTl-

madidebluri eklesiebi erovnuli niSnis mixedviTaa

mowyobili. adgilobrivi eklesiebi TavianT mrevls ara

mxolod TavianT qveynebSi, aramed ucxoeTSic mwysian.

magaliTad, rusul eklesias ucxoeTSi, Tavisi qveynis

sazRvrebs gareT, ormilioniani mrevli hyavs. es imas

niSnavs, rom ucxoeTSi rusebis ZiriTadi nawili ar xde-

ba mrevli sxva, Tundac marTlmadidebluri eklesiisa

da Tavisi mSobliuri rusuli eklesiis wevrad rCeba.

TavianTi erovnuli eklesiebi mraval qveyanaSi aqvT

agreTve bulgarelebs, ruminelebs da sxva marTlma-

didebel xalxebs. berZnebi, sadac ar unda cxovrobdnen

isini, ZiriTadad mxolod berZnuli eklesiis wevrebi

xdebian (e.i. ar inaTlebian, ar loculoben, araviTar

wesebs ar asruleben sxva eklesiebSi da sulieri kavSi-

ri mxolod berZen (berZnuli eklesiis) RvTismsaxurebTan

aqvT. msgavsadve iqcevian ara marTlmadidebeli erebic,

magaliTad, somxebs msoflios mraval qveyanasa da did

qalaqSi aqvT TavianTi somxuri saepiskoposoebi.

65

sxva erebSi asimilirebisagan Tavis asarideblad ms-

gavsadve unda moiqcnen ucxoeTSi dRes ukve mravlad mcx-

ovrebi qarTvelebic. isini wevrni unda iyvnen mxolod da

mxolod qarTuli eklesiisa, maT erovnul sarwmunoebrivi

Temebi unda Camoayalibon da qarTveli RvTismsaxuri moiZ-

ion, romelic ierarqiulad qristes kvarTis eklesias _

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos da mis meTaurs, mociqulis

taxtze mjdom kaTalikos-patriarqs daeqvemdebareba.

Zvelad, saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlam-

de, ucxoeTis qveynebSi mravlad arsebobdnen qarTuli

eklesia-monastrebi; isini ara mxolod qarTuli kul-

turis kerebs, aramed TavianTi pirdapiri daniSnulebis

Sesabamisad ucxoeTSi mcxovreb qarTvel morwmuneTa sam-

revlo centrebsac warmoadgendnen, saidanac isini suli-

erad imwysebodnen. es eklesia-monastrebi saqarTvelos

saxelmwifo da saeklesio moRvaweTa mzrunvelobiT

iyvnen moculni.

erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlis Semdgom

maT yuradRebas veRar aqcevdnen, mrevlic Sesustda da

daifanta. amJamad ucxoeTSi saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi arc erTi qarTuli eklesia-mon-

asteri aRar arsebobs (werili dawerilia 1993 wels).

bolo wlebSi qarTvelTa raodenobis zrda ucxoeT-

Si Zveli tradiciis aRdgenas saWiroebs, radgan maT STa-

momavlobas erovnuli gadagvarebisa da sxva erebSi

gaTqvefisagan mxolod qarTul eklesiasTan sulieri

erToba gadaarCens.

rogorc aRiniSna, ucxoeTSi, sxvadasxva qalaqebsa Tu

regionebSi mcxovrebma qarTvelebma sulieri Zala unda

moikribon da erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi Temebi da sazoga-

doebebi unda Seqmnan. rac mTavaria, maT unda gamoZeb-

non da Temebis saTaveSi Caayenon saqarTvelos eklesia-

66

sTan ierarqiulad dakavSirebuli RvTismsaxurebebi: mx-

olod mas _ qarTvel mRvdels unda moanaTlinon Svile-

bi, Seasrulebinon yovelgvari sarwmunoebrivi wesi. Tu

aseTi erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi Temebi eklesiis agebas

ver SeZleben, RvTismsaxurebisaTvis mcire Senoba an

oTaxi unda gamonaxon, sadac qarTveli mRvdeli ilo-

cebs da qristianul wesebs Seasrulebs. qarTveli RvTsm-

saxuris garSemo TandaTanobiT Camoyalibdeba sasulie-

ro centri, mcire skola, sadac qarTveli axalgazrdebi

qarTul wera-kiTxvas, literaturasa da samSoblos is-

torias Seiswavlian da ucxoeTSic qarTuli suliskveT-

ebiT aRizrdebian.

msgavsadve funqcionireben ucxoeTSi sxva marTlma-

didebeli erebis sasuliero kerebi, romelnic ise arian

gaZlierebulni, rom erovnuli kolejebi, gamomcemlobe-

bi, stambebi da sxva dawesebulebebi aqvT.

TavisTavad igulisxmeba, rom saqarTveloSi mcxovre-

bi yoveli qarTveli movalea daicvas erovnuli eklesi-

is erTguleba, radganac, rogorc iTqva, ufalma, maradis

mfarvelma Cveni erisa, qarTuli eklesiisagan gandgoma

saqarTvelos arcerT Svils ar apatia. rogorc aRiniSna,

qarTuli eklesiisagan ganSorebuli qarTvelebi gaTurqd-

nen, garusdnen, gaberZdnen an asimilirdnen sxva erebSi.

vevedrebiT Cvengan maradis sadidebel yovladwmida

samebas kvlav wyalobiT moxedos RvTismSoblis wilx-

vedr Cvens ers, Tanaxmad Cveni uflisa da macxovaris

ieso qristes aRTqmisa da Segviwyalos Cven da ucxoeTSi

mcxovrebi Cveni qveynis yoveli Svili, amin.

(nawyveti wignidan `saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari~,

1994 w. gv. 139-144).

67

marTlmadidebluri diasporas sakiTxi qarTuli

saeklesio wyaroebis mixedviT

marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi ukanaskneli aswleulis

manZilze gamoTqvamen survils mowveul iqnas msoflio

saeklesio kreba. VII msoflio krebis Semdeg marTlma-

dideblobas daugrovda mravali sakiTxi, romelTa ganx-

ilva msoflio saeklesio krebis kompetenciaa. rogorc

cnobilia, XX s-is 20-ian wlebSi, intensiuri muSaoba mim-

dinareobda msoflio krebis mosawvevad, romelic ar

Sedga. II msoflio omis gamo Senelebuli muSaoba ganax-

lda gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi. amJamad, ramdenime

weliwadSi erTxel iwveven e.w. msoflio krebis mosamza-

debel TaTbirebs. am SekrebaTa mizania moamzados mo-

maval msoflio krebaze gansaxilveli sakiTxebi. sul 10

sakiTxi unda iqnas am momaval did krebaze ganxiluli.

maT Sorisaa marTlmadidebeli diasporis sakiTxi.

diaspora _ xalxis, eTnikuri erTobis mniSvnelovani naw-

ilis samSoblos gareT cxovrebaa, msgavsadve marTlma-

didebel diasporas warmoadgens sakuTari erovnuli ek-

lesiis gareT msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi mcxovrebi mrev-

li. maTi saeklesio iurisdiqcia amJamad sadavo sakiTxia.

TiTqmis yvela avtokefalur eklesias ucxoeTSi gaaC-

nia samrevloebi da saepiskoposoebi. magaliTad, rumine-

Tis sapatriarqos Tavisi saepiskoposoebi aqvs dasavleT

evropasa da amerikaSi, msgavsadve bulgareTis eklesias

bulgareli mrevlisaTvis ucxoeTSi gaaCnia Tavisi

saepiskoposoebi, ruseTis sapatriarqos Tavisi episko-

posebi hyavs evropisa da amerikis mraval qalaqSi _ ve-

68

naSi, berlinSi, briuselSi, argentinaSi, serbeTis sapa-

triarqos serbi mrevlisaTvis episkoposebi hyavs amerika-

Si, kanadaSi, avstraliaSi, evropaSi, ukrainis eklesiasac

ki ucxoeTSi hyavs Tavisi episkoposebi, da cxadia, uam-

ravi saepiskoposo aqvs konstantinopolisa da sxva sap-

atriarqoebs.

aqedan Cans, rom dResdReobiT iseTi istoriuli su-

raTi Camoyalibda, rom qveyanaSi, sadac ar aris adgi-

lobrivi eklesia, qristianebi aarseben erovnuli niS-

nis mixedviT samrevloebs, religiur-kulturul cen-

trebs, rac sabolood iwvevs saepiskoposoebis warmoqm-

nas. saepiskoposoebi ki erovnuli sapatriarqosa da ek-

lesiebis iurisdiqciis qveS Sedian. eTnikuri religiur-

kulturuli centrebi da saepiskoposoebi xels uwyoben

ucxoeTSi, ucxo garemoSi mcxovrebi xalxis erovnul-

religiuri TviTSemecnebis, marTlmadidebluri mrwam-

sis SenarCunebasa da ganmtkicebas.

es ZiriTadad Seexeba dasavleT evropisa da amerikis

im qveynebs, sadac ar aris adgilobrivi avtokefaluri

eklesiebi. aseT mdgomareobas, cxadia, gaaCnia droebiTi

xasiaTi. normaluri saeklesio cxovrebis mowyoba aRniS-

nul qveynebSi sabolood miiyvans maT axali avtonomi-

uri da avtokefaluri eklesiebis warmoSobamde, magram

am dromde diasporas iurisdiqcia rCeba rTul sakiTx-

ad, iwvevs uTanxmoebasa da kamaTs. am kamaTis gadawyve-

tisas, avtokefalur eklesiaTa Soris, mxedvelobaSi unda

iqnas miRebuli sxvadasxva garemoeba, maT Soris TviTon

diasporas neba. faqtia, rom ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi marTl-

madideblebi samrevloebs qmnian swored erovnuli niS-

nis mixedviT. aseTia realuri faqti. XX s-Si marTlma-

69

didebeli diaspora amerikasa da dasavleT evropaSi

mravaljer gaizarda marTlmadidebelTa gadasaxlebi-

sa da, agreTve, marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebaSi sxva

aRmsareblobis qristianTa gadmosvlis Sedegad. ramac

kidev ufro gaaRrmava saeklesio iurisdiqciis gayofis

problema. konstantinopolis sapatriarqom wamoayena

axla ukve moZvelebuli swavleba msoflio anu konstan-

tinopolis gansakuTrebul uflebaTa Sesaxeb diasporas

mimarT. konstantinopolis swavlebas, rom piradad mis

iurisdiqciaSi unda gadavides dasavleT evropisa da

amerikis diaspora, amJamad uaryofilia adgilobrivi

eklesiebis umravlesobis mier. rusuli eklesia am sur-

vils uwodebs `mTlianad axalsa da iqamde eklesiis is-

toriisaTvis ucnob pretenzias~ (C]pin, Cerkovnoe pravo, s.

203). konstantinopoli am Tavis swavlebis safuZvlad

miuTiTebs qalkedonis krebis 28-e kanons. rusul ekle-

sias miaCnia, rom ara qalkedonis 28-e kanonis gamo imyo-

feboda ruseTis mrevli aswleulebis manZilze konstan-

tinopolis kanonikuri daqvemdebarebis qveS, aramed

ZvelTaganve msoflio eklesiaSi daculi normis Sesabam-

isad, romlis mixedviTac eklesia momaqceveli araqris-

tiani xalxisa, gadaiqceoda axali eklesiisaTvis dedaek-

lesiad. rusuli eklesia miiCnevs, rom qalkedonis kreb-

is 28-e kanonis arsebobis miuxedavad iveriis anu saqarTve-

los axalmoqceuli mrevli IV s-dan imyofeboda ara kon-

stantinopolis, aramed antioqiis iurisdiqciis qveS, rac

Tavisi mosazrebis damadasturebel magaliTad miaCnia.

saqarTvelos eklesias, amaJamad, ucxoeTSi saepisko-

posoebi ar gaaCnia (werili dawerilia 1994 wels), magram

warsulSi Tavisi diasporasaTvis saqarTvelos eklesias

70

gaaCnda sakmaod mravali saepiskoposo da eklesia-monas-

trebi. is garemoeba, rom amJamad Cvens eklesias Tavisi

marTlmadidebeli diasporasaTvis ucxoeTSi ar gaaCnia

kulturul-religiuri kerebi gamowveulia gare eklesi-

uri problemebiT, kerZod, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoe-

brivi dakninebiT XV s-is Semdeg da saxelmwifoebrio-

bis gauqmebiT XIX-XX ss-Si.

iqamde, TiTqmis mTeli Sua saukuneebis manZilze ukve

IV-V ss-dan ucxoeTis qarTul diasporas Cveni eklesia

saTanado yaradRebas aqcevda. ucxoeTis qarTuli diaspo-

rasaTvis mcire aziis mraval mxareSi, romelic gamoir-

Ceoda ekonomikuri ganviTarebis maRali doniT, arse-

bobda qarTuli sepiskoposoebi. eseni iyvnen _ valaSker-

tis, dadaSenis, anisis, karis anu yarsis, arzrumis qarTu-

li saepiskoposoebi zogjer sakmaod daSorebulni

saqarTvelos eTnikur sazRvrebs. magaliTad, valaSker-

tis qarTuli saepiskoposo kaTedra mdebareobda vanis

tbis siaxloves md. evfratis saTaveebSi. mniSvnelovani

iyo dadaSenisa da anisis saepiskoposoebi, daarsebulni,

rogorc iTqva, ucxoeTis am mxareSi mcxovrebi qarTve-

li marTlmadideblebisaTvis. arzrumis qarTuli

saepiskoposo osmaleTis imperiaSi arsebobda XVII s-Sic

ki, gamahmadianebas gadarCenili qarTvelebisaTvis. zo-

gierTi mosazrebis Tanaxmad, wyaroebSi xSirad moxseneb-

uli `golgoTeli~ iyo ierusalimSi mdebare golgoTas

qarTuli monastris winamZRvari episkoposis wodebiT.

unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierTi am saepiskoposoTagan

daarsda iqamde, sanam am mxareTa momcveli miwa-wyali

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi Sevidoda.

71

saqarTvelos eklesia did yuradRebas uTmobda Tavis

eTnikur mrevls Soreul ucxoeTSi. ierusalimSi ara

mxolod qarTuli moastrebi arsebobda qarTveli bere-

bisaTvis, aramed arsebobda qalaqis eklesiebi qarTuli

saero mrevlisaTvis. es ucxoeTis qarTuli eklesia-mo-

nastrebi iyvnen ara mxolod sarwmunoebrivi kerebi sa-

suliero pirebisaTvis, aramed erovnuli centrebi ucx-

oeTSi gadaxvewili qarTveli saero pirebisaTvis,

romelnic aarsebdnen da afinansebdnen kidec maT. amis

mkafio magaliTia petriwonis monasteri, romelic ara

sasuliero pirebma, aramed qarTvelma saero moRvaweebma

grigol da abas bakurianis Zeebma daaarses, romelTac

mematiane `qveynis Cvenis moqalaqeT~ uwodebda.

rogorc aRiniSna, ierusalimSi qarTveli mrevli-

saTvis IV s-danve arsebobda qarTuli eklesiebi, rogorc

Cans, qarTuli eklesiis wevrTa ricxvi ise gazrdila

wmida qalaqSi, rom maTTvis qarTveli episkoposic dauni-

SnavT. Cans, misi saydari uflis saflavze agebul vrcel

taZarSi iyo, romelic golgoTasac moicavda. wmida

grigol feraZis gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, qarTveli episko-

posis saxeli III-IV ss-is berZnuli saflavis epitafias

Semounaxavs _ `saflavi (samuil) qarTvelTa episkopo-

sisa da monastrisa, romelic maT (e.i. qarTvelebma) dav-

iTis koSkSi SeiZines~ (gr. feraZe, `cnobebi ierusalimis

qarTuli monastrebis Sesaxeb~, 1925, gv. 26). V s-Si iustini-

anes aRudgenia, aseve lazebis eklesia iordanes udabno-

Si (iqve, gv. 82). VII s-is somex piligrims moxsenebuli aqvs

`gogarenTa (e.i. qarTvelTa) monasteri~ (iqve, gv. 27).

grigol feraZis sityviT XI s-Si ierusalimSi qarTveli

episkoposi ijda, igi wers: `golgoTas nawili miiRo

72

qarTvelTa mefem bagrat kurapalatma, romelmac iq

qarTvelTa episkoposi daniSna~ (iqve, gv. 28). ̀ 1050, 1583 da

1584 wlebis cnobaTa mixedviT golgoTaze qarTveli

episkoposebi iyvnen~ (iqve, gv. 93). XVI s-dan ierusalimSi

ijda ori qarTveli episkoposi, erTi mcxeTis, meore ki

afxazTa sakaTalikosodan (iqve, gv. 163). 1583 w. ̀ jvris mon-

asterSi TviT qarTvelma episkoposma miiRo stumrebi da

moemsaxura maT 1583 w.~ (iqve, gv. 124).

es iyo xana saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi siZlierisa,

roca qarTul droSaze gamoxatuli iyo wm. giorgi.

wm. grigol feraZe wers: ̀ roca qarTvelebi wmida qalaq-

Si Sediodnen, amayad frialebdnen maTi droSebi, romle-

bzec jvari da wmida giorgi iyo gamosaxuli~ (gr. feraZe,

cnobebi palestinis qarTuli monastrebis Sesaxeb, 1995, gv. 120).

kaTalikos-patriarqi kalistratec aRniSnavs:

`saqarTvelos erovnul droSaze wmida giorgia gamoxat-

uli~ (k. cincaZe, `qaSveTis eklesia~, 1994, 122, SeniSvna 12).

rogorc aRiniSna, amJamad ucxoeTSi marTlmadidebe-

li eklesiebi aarseben mniSvnelovan saganmanaTleblo

kerebs, kerZod, uqmnian ucxoeTSi mcxovreb TavianT Tan-

amemamuleebs savaneebsa da saswavleblebs, bavSvebis

erovnuli suliskveTebiT aRsazrdelad, dedaenis dasau-

fleblad, agreTve, poliklinikebsa da sastumroebs. ms-

gavsadve warsulSi, qarTuli eklesiis RvawliT, petri-

wonis monasterSi arsebobda qarTveli ymawvilebisaTvis

seminaria, qsenoni _ moxucebisaTvis, sastumroebi bizan-

tiaSi mcxovreb qarTvelTa saWiroebisaTvis.

rogorc aRiniSna, ucxoeTSi qarTuli saepiskoposoe-

bis Seqmna Sewyda XIX s-is Semdeg, rac gauqmda saqarTve-

los avtokefalia. amis Semdeg ucxoeTSi gasuli qarTvelo-

73

ba, rogorc wesi, mrevli xdeboda ucxo eklesiebisa, rac

maT erovnul gadagvarebas iwvevs. mSobliuri saekle-

sio garemos ararsebobis gamo qarTvelebi miekedlnen

ara mxolod berZnul da sxva marTlmadidebel eklesie-

bs, aramed aramarTlmadideblur eklesiebsac ki. kerZod,

qarTvelebis erTi nawili ucxoeTSi miekedla somxur

eklesias. es SeumCneviaT ucxoel damkvirveblebsac. is-

torikosi evgeni dalejio gaocebuli iyo imiT, rom XX

s-is dasawyisSi konstantinopolSi mcxovrebi qarTvele-

bi gadaiqcnen somxuri eklesiis mrevlad da amis gamo

dakarges qarTuli TviTSemecneba. evgeni dalejio wer-

da asi wlis win: ̀ Cven jer kidev ver gamogvikvlevia, ram

aiZula konstantinopolis qristiani qarTvelebis naw-

ili uareyoT qarTveloba da somxebad eRiarebinaT Tavi.

am gadagvarebulTa Soris SedarebiT cotani arian,

romelTac TavianTi gvari kidev axsovT. sxvaTa Soris,

davasaxeleb cxadaias, gurjianebis, azizianebis, Tuma-

nianebis, zurabianebis ojaxebs, romlebic Tumc ar uary-

ofen, rom qarTvelebis STamomavlebi arian, magram dRes

Tavs qarTvelebad aRar aRiareben~ (`qarTvelebi konstan-

tinopolsa da saberZneTSi~, Tb., 1990, gv. 20).

asi wlis win, XX s-is dasawyisSi es ucxoeli istori-

kosi mouwodebda saqarTveloSi mcxovreb qarTvelebs

SeeqmnaT ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebisaTvis kultu-

ruli dawesebulebebi, sadac ̀ yvela rwmenisa da miswrafe-

bis qarTvels Tavisuflad SeeZleba misvla da muSaoba,

rogorc es aqvT sxva xalxTa axalSenebs~ (iqve, gv. 20).

amJamad, sabednierod, 200 wlovani Sesvenebis Semdeg

Cvenma xalxma kvlav Seqmna erovnuli saxelmwifo, amit-

omac unda gamoiTqvas imedi, rom saqarTvelos marTl-

74

madidebeli eklesia, aRadgens Tavis Zvel tradicias da

Soreul ucxoeTSi gasuli Tavisi mrevlisaTvis Seqmnis

kulturul-sarwmunoebriv kerebs, skolebsa da sabavS-

vo baRebs, qsenonebsa da savaneebs, eklesiebsa da saepisko-

posoebs, sadac qarTvelebi ganimtkiceben mamapapeul wmi-

da sarwmunoebas, Seiswavlian qarTul enas da saqarTve-

los istorias, Rirseulad aRzrdian TavianT bavSvebs

Cveni eklesiis mzrunvelobis qveS.

sabolood unda iTqvas, rom diasporas sakiTxi,

romelic erT-erTi umTavresi sakiTxia, sabolood gada-

wydeba momaval msoflio saeklesio krebaze, iqamde ki

mimdinareobs muSaoba am sakiTxis SesaTanxmeblad.

statia amoRebulia mitropolit anania jafariZis wignidan _

rCevebi ucxoeTSi wamsvlel qarTvelebs, 2002, gv. 26-43

75

wmida da didi krebis mosamzadebeli marTlmadide-

belTaSorisi komisiis gadawyvetileba marTlmadide-

bluri diasporas sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT

(Sambezi, 7-13 noemberi, 1993)

marTlmadidebluri diasporas sakiTxTan dakavSire-

biT `marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida da didi krebis

mosamzadebeli samdivnos~ mier gamocemuli wignis `Me-

jprovaslavna\ podgotovitel#na\ komissi\ Sv\togo i Velikogo Sobo-

ra, 7-13 no\br\ 1993~ (Pravoslavn]q centrVselenskoq Patriarxii,

Wambezi, Jeneva, 1994) mixedviT msoflioSi marTlmadide-

bluri diasporas organizaciis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb uka-

nasknel aTwleulebSi gamoiTqva mravali mosazreba

gamoCenili RvTismetyvelebis, RvTismsaxurebis da erisk-

acTa mier, gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac diasporas sa-

kiTxi Setanili iqna momaval wmida da did saeklesio

krebis dRis wesrigSi (ix. dasax. naSr. gv. 24). aRniSnul sa-

kiTxTan dakavSirebiT adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli

eklesiebis mier momzadebuli Sromebis safuZvelze re-

komendacia gaica diasporas saeklesio organizacia moew-

yos pirveli msoflio krebebis mier dadgenili samit-

ropolito sistemis Sesabamisad, ise, rom igi ar Seexos

diasporas yvelaze ufro mgrZnobiare _ nacionalur

mxares. sakiTxi ganxiluli iqna `wmida da didi krebis

mosamzadebeli marTlmadidebelTaSorisi komisiis~ mier

SambezSi (Jeneva) 1993 wlis 7-13 noembers. msoflio mar-

Tlmadidebeli eklesiis mTlianobis SeubRalaobis

mizniT gadawyda ucxoeTSi arsebul erovnul diaspora-

Ta mimarT dedaeklesiebis nacionaluri grZnobebi mTli-

76

anad iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli (iqve, gv. 24), amave dros

komisiam gadawyvita msoflios is teritoriebi, sadac ar

arsebobs adgilobrivi avtokefaluri marTlmadidebe-

li eklesiebi, dayofili iqnas regionebad. erT rome-

lime aseT regionSi saeklesio kanonikur iurisdiqcias

ganaxorcielebs e.w. ̀ episkoposTa kreba~, romelSic war-

modgenili iqneba regionSi arsebuli diasporebis na-

cionaluri episkoposebi. sakiTxis sruli gagebis mizniT

ganimarta, rom aRniSnul èpiskoposTa kreba~ berZnu-

lad iwodeba èpiskope sinelefsis~, frangulad ànsam-

ble episkopal~, rusulad `sobornaia~ da a.S. gadawyda,

rom Seiqmnas sul 8 regioni.

regionebi, romlebSic Seiqmneba èpiskoposTa kreba~

aris Semdegi:

1. Crdilo da centraluri amerika;

2. samxreT amerika;

3. avstralia;

4. didi britaneTi;

5. safrangeTi;

6. belgia da holandia;

7. avstria da italia;

8. germania.

regionSi ̀ episkoposTa krebas~ qmnian am regionSi my-

ofi kanonikurad aRiarebuli episkoposebi, amasTanave

isini agrZeleben kanonikuri iurisdiqciisadmi daqvem-

debarebas (iqve, gv. 27). magaliTad àvtraliis~ regionSi

myofi ruminuli diasporas episkoposi, romelic kanon-

ikurad aris aRiarebuli rumineTis sapatriarqos mier,

viTarca misadmi damorCilebuli, Seyvanili iqneba aRniS-

nuli ̀ avstraliis regionis~ episkoposTa sabWos wevrad.

77

amasTanave, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom regionis episkopos-

Ta sabWos wevrad arCeuli diasporas episkoposi unda

cxovrobdes diasporaSi da unda gaaCndes samrevlo

mocemul regionSi (iqve, gv. 218).

komisia regionalur episkoposTa sabWos ganixilavs

viTarca gardamaval stadias. sabolood ki, albaT, re-

gionebSi TandaTanobiT Camoyalibdeba damoukidebeli

avtokefaluri eklesiebi erovnul diasporaTa enobrivi,

nacionaluri da sxva kulturuli Taviseburebebis

gaTvaliswinebiT (iqve, gv. 28). regionebSi SesaZlo avtoke-

falur eklesiaTa Camoyalibeba sasurvelia moxdes wmi-

da da didi saeklesio krebis mowvevamde. aRiniSna, rom

erT romelime adgilze (qalaqSi an olqSi) unda iyos

mxolod erTi episkoposi (I msoflio krebis kanoni).

gadawyda, regionis ̀ episkoposTa krebis~ (`konferenci-

is~) muSaoba warimarTeba diptixis Sesabamisad, diptix-

Si pirvelis, konstantinopolis eklesiis mRvdelmTavar-

is TavjdomareobiT, misi ar yofnis SemTxvevaSi diptix-

is rigis Sesabamisad. regionis episkoposTa krebam unda

Camoayalibos aRmasrulebeli komiteti. igi Sedgenili

iqneba am regionis sxvadasxva iurisdiqciis pirveli ier-

arqebis mier (magaliTad, Tu avstraliis regionSi aris

ramodenime rumineli episkoposi, aRmasrulebel ko-

mitetSi Seva maT Soris pirveli).

1993 wlis 7-13 noembris `marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

wmida da didi krebis mosamzadebeli komisiis~ muSaoba-

Si monawileobdnen msoflio (konstantinopolis),

aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ruseTis, serbeTis, rumineTis,

bulgareTis sapatriarqoebis, kviprosis, eladis, polo-

neTis, albaneTis, Cexoslovakiisa da fineTis eklesiaTa

78

warmomadgenlebi. am Sexvedras, aRniSnuli wignis mixed-

viT, qarTuli eklesiis delegacia ar eswreboda. krebis

monawile eklesiebma aiRes valdebuleba araferi imo-

qmedon zemoTaRniSnuli diasporas sakiTxis gadawyve-

tis procesis dasabrkoleblad, maT Soris diasporaSi

ukve arsebul eparqiaTa garda axalTa Sesaqmnelad. es

valdebuleba ar exeba saqarTvelos eklesias, radganac

misi delegacia ar eswreboda aRniSnul krebas.

1993 wlisaTvis ucxoeTSi qarTuli marTlmadidebe-

li diaspora TiTqmis ar arsebobda, amdenad Cveni ek-

lesiisaTvis diasporas sakiTxi ar iyo aqtualuri, ma-

gram, radganac XX s-is 90-iani wlebis Semdeg sabWoTa

kavSiris daSlisa da iqamde arsebuli sazRvrebis gauqme-

bis kvaldakval ucxoeTSi TiTqmis milioni qarTveli

gadavida sacxovreblad, saswavleblad da samuSaod, Se-

sabamisad unda Camoyalibdes qarTuli marTlmadidebe-

li saeklesio diaspora, samomavlod mas iseTive yura-

dReba unda miapyros saqarTvelos eklesiam, viTarca

Tavis ucxoeTSi mcxovreb eTnikur mrevls aqceven sxva

marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi. usaTuod, maTi magaliTis

Sesabamisad, ucxoeTSi unda warmoiqmnas da Camoyalib-

des qarTuli samrevloebi saqarTvelodan gasuli mar-

Tlmadidebeli mrevlisaTvis. saswrafod, yvela zemoT

CamoTvlil regionSi unda Camoyalibdes Tundac erTi

qarTuli saepiskoposo, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iuris-

diqciis qveS, raTa qarTveli episkoposic Sevides `re-

gionis episkoposTa sabWoSi~. regionis qarTvelma episko-

posma unda daicvas ucxoeTis qarTveli mrevlis enobrivi,

nacionaluri da kulturuli saxe, rasac moiTxovs kidec

1993 wlis Sambezis aRniSnuli komisiis suliskveTeba.

79

wmida saxarebiseuli igavis mixedviT, romelic Seexe-

ba `meaTerTmete muSakis~ gulmowyale anazRaurebas,

saqarTvelos eklesias ufleba aqvs gaixaros ucxoeTSi

Tavisi saepiskoposoebis daarsebiT. igulisxmeba, rom

yvela msoflio marTlmadidebel eklesias ucxoeTSi aqvs

erovnuli saepiskoposo, romelTa episkoposebi qmnian

kidec `regionebis episkoposTa sabWoebs~, maT msgavsad

es ufleba micemuli aqvs qarTul eklesiasac.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, dasavleT evropaSi, amerikasa

da avstraliaSi yalibdeba 8 marTlmadidebluri regio-

ni `episkoposTa krebis~ kanonikuri xelmZRvanelobiT.

SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad episkoposTa krebasa da mis aRmas-

rulebel komitetSi msoflios yvela diasporas ekle-

sias eyoleba Tavisi warmomadgeneli episkoposi, samwux-

arod qarTveli episkoposis garda, radganac mxolod

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos ara hyavs ucxoeTSi Tavisi

episkoposi. amis gamo sasurvelia rvave zemoTaRniSnul

regionSi droulad daarsdes qarTuli saepiskoposoe-

bi, risTvisac saWiroa diasporaSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis

saeklesio aqtiuroba rac maT mier qarTuli eklesiebis

(samrevloebis) daarsebiT unda gamoixatos, es eklesie-

bi iqcevian kidec daiasporas qarTuli saepiskoposoeb-

is daarsebis safuZvlad.

rvave dasaxelebul regionSi (Crdilo da centralur

amerikaSi, avstraliaSi, did britaneTSi, safrangeTSi,

belgiasa da holandiaSi, avstriasa da italiaSi, germa-

niaSi) mcxovrebma qarTvelebma TavianTi siyvaruli Cve-

ni macxovaris ieso qristesa da qarTvelTa mfarvel

dedaRvTismSoblis mimarT, unda gamoxaton qarTuli ek-

lesiebis, qarTuli marTlmadidebluri samrevloebis

80

daarsebiT, rac safuZvlad iqceva maTi STamomavlobis

gamravlebisa, keTildReobisa da RvTisagan kurTxevisa

mSobliuri enisa da kulturis SenarCunebiT. es safuZve-

li gaxdeba rvave dasaxelebul regionSi qarTuli

saepiskoposoebis daarsebisa, qarTul diasporaTa gan-

mtkiceba-gaZlierebisa.

Cvenda sasixarulod misi uwmidesobisa da unetareso-

bis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis iuris-

diqciaSi, amJamad, ukve Sevida ucxoeTSi qarTuli diaspo-

ras axlaxan daarsebuli eklesiebi q. briuselSi (bel-

gia) wmida Tamar mefis saxelobisa, q, miunxenSi (germa-

nia) wmida vaxtang gorgaslis saxelobisa, q. strasburg-

Si wmida qeTevanis saxelobisa, qarTvel mRvdels qarTu-

li samrevloebi q. hamburgSi (germania), q. diuseldorf-

Si (germania), q. londonSi, q. Jenevasa da q. lionSi.

yovelmxriv unda SeewyoT xeli maTTvis mzrunvel da

maT damaarsebel qarTvelebs. am samrevloebsa da ek-

lesiebSi moRvawe Tavdadebul da gulmxurvale saekle-

sio pirebs, romelTac ician Tu ra mZime mdgomareoba-

Sia ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi qarTveloba, romelTac ar mia-

toves isini am mZime gasaWirSi da viTarc keTilma mwyem-

sebma moiZies da upatrones saqarTvelodan ucxoeTSi

gadakargul Tavis xalxs, Tavis mrevls. keTili mwyemsis

magaliTis Sesabamisad bolo wlebSi saqarTvelodan

ucxoeTSi gasul TiTqmis milion qarTvels unda mixe-

don qarTvelma sasuliero pirebma, qarTveloba da mar-

Tlmadidebloba SeunarCunon maT.

3 noemberi, 2001 w.

statia amoRebulia mitropolit anania jafariZis wignidan _

rCevebi ucxoeTSi wamsvlel qarTvelebs, 2002, gv. 44-57

81

s a r C e v i

diptixis sakiTxebidiptixis Sesaxeb ..........................................................................................5


marTlmadideblur diptixSi ............................................................12

saqarTvelos eklesiis adgili

msoflio diptixSi ...................................................................................18

qarTuli eklesiis VI adgili ferara-florenciis

`msoflio~ saeklesio krebaze .........................................................25

qarTveli episkoposebi ferara-florenciis

krebaze (1438) .................................................................................................33

mefeT mefe monazoni aleqsandre didi ....................................40

msjelobani diptixis sakiTxze ........................................................42

qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani diptixi

(jdomisa da dgomis wesi) ....................................................................46

dokumenturi masalebi. ucxouri wyaroebi .........................59

diasporas sakiTxebiqarTuli saeklesio diaspora ucxoeTSi ..............................67

marTlmadidebluri diasporas sakiTxi qarTuli

saeklesio wyaroebis mixedviT.......................................................70

wmida da didi krebis mosamzadebeli

marTlmadidebelTaSorisi komisiis

gadawyvetileba marTlmadidebluri

diasporas sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ...........................................78

diptixi diasporameufeanania.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/38.-diptixi...eklesias tvlida (qartuli...

Documents